エランド

エランド (Eland) は、アンテロープの1種。学名 Taurotragus oryx。イランドとも。

近縁なジャイアントエランド (Taurotragus derbianus) と合わせてエランドと総称することもある。ジャイアントエランドと区別する場合コモンエランド (Common Eland) とも言う。（コモン）エランドとジャイアントエランドは、エランド属 (Taurotragus)、またはまれにブッシュバック属エランド亜属 (Tragelaphinae (Taurotragus)) を構成する。ただし、ジャイアントエランドをエランドの亜種とする場合もある
オランダ語でヘラジカを意味するElandが語源である。南アフリカのケープ地方に入植したオランダ人が名づけた。

なお、現代の標準的なオランダ語ではElandantilope（エランドアンテロープの意味）と呼ぶ。アフリカーンス語では単にElandという。

生息域
東アフリカ・南部アフリカ。

特徴
肩高2メートル、体重は400-900キログラムに達し、ジャイアントエランドと並び最大のアンテロープである。雌は雄の半分の体重である。

雌は黄褐色の毛皮だが、雄はやや暗い色の毛皮で、多くは体側に細く白い縞模様がある。ごくまれに黒い個体がいる。雄は喉にのどぶくろと密生した柔毛を持つ。

雌雄とも約65センチメートルに達する、ほぼまっすぐの長い角を持つ。雌雄で大きな違いはないが、雌の角は雄よりやや細く、長い。

動作は俊敏で、高さ1.5メートルの柵も飛び越える。

体温を7℃まで下げ、水分の発散を抑えることができる。ラクダと同様の能力である。

生態
サバンナに住む。草も食べるが主食ではなく、木の葉や枝を主に食べる。根を掘り返して食べることもある。

昼行性だが、暑い昼間はあまり活動しない。

成雌と子供30-80頭で群れを作り、広い範囲を移動する。成雄は主に単独行動するか、3-4頭の群れを作り、あまり移動しない。

1産1仔。

主な捕食者はライオンとリカオン。ただし、個体数が少ないため、捕食者にとって主な獲物となることはない。

宮川典子

宮川 典子（みやがわ のりこ、1979年〈昭和54年〉4月5日 - 2019年〈令和元年〉9月12日 ）は、日本の政治家。自由民主党所属の元衆議院議員（3期）、文部科学大臣政務官（第3次安倍第3次改造内閣・第4次安倍内閣）
来歴・人物
山梨県山梨市生まれ。山梨市立日下部小学校、山梨英和中学校、山梨学院大学附属高等学校（現・山梨学院中学高等学校）卒業。2002年（平成14年）に慶應義塾大学文学部人間関係学科卒業後、教師として母校でもある山梨学院大学附属中学高等学校に英語教師として勤務。5年間務めた後、2007年（平成19年）に退職し、松下政経塾に入塾[2]。

入塾中に自民党山梨県参議院選挙区第2支部長に就任[2]。卒塾した2010年（平成22年）には、自民党公認候補として第22回参議院議員通常選挙に山梨県選挙区から立候補。民主党現職・輿石東に3,700票差で敗れ、落選した。

その後は、自民党山梨県第1選挙区支部長に就任し[2]衆議院に転出、2012年（平成24年）の第46回衆議院議員総選挙に山梨1区から出馬。元環境大臣で民主党から日本維新の会に鞍替えした小沢鋭仁を破り初当選[3]。

2014年（平成26年）、第47回衆議院議員総選挙に山梨1区から立候補し、民主党公認の中島克仁に敗れるも、比例復活で再選。

2017年（平成29年）8月、第3次安倍第3次改造内閣において文部科学大臣政務官（教育の再生、文化の振興を担当）に就任。2017年（平成29年）の第48回衆議院議員総選挙では比例南関東ブロックの自民党単独候補1位で立候補し3選[4]。

2019年（令和元年）9月12日20時25分、乳がんのため、東京都内の病院で死去[5]。40歳没。

政策
女性宮家に反対[6]。
憲法改正に賛成[7]。改正すべき項目に緊急事態条項・国民の権利と義務を挙げる[8]。
アベノミクスを評価する[7][8]。
消費税軽減税率の導入に賛成[7]。
原発は日本に必要だ[7]。
村山談話・河野談話を見直すべき[7]。
ヘイトスピーチを法律で規制することに反対[7]。
安全保障関連法の成立を評価する[8]。
組織犯罪処罰法を評価する[8]。
受動喫煙対策を強化する健康増進法改正案に賛成[9]。受動喫煙防止議員連盟の事務局次長を務めていたが、2017年4月に脱会した[9]。
LGBT理解増進法の成立に向け党特命委員会事務局長として尽力。

Pedro Scooby

Pedro Henrique Vianna (Rio de Janeiro, 10 de agosto de 1988), mais conhecido como Pedro Scooby, é um surfista brasileiro adepto do freesurfer.
Biografia
O apelido "Scooby" tem origem na sua infância, segundo o surfista: “Quando eu era criança falavam que eu parecia o cachorro Scooby Doo do desenho animado”[2]

Carreira
Começou a surfar profissionalmente aos 11 anos de idade, sendo considerado um dos principais nomes do surf de onda grande mundial e um dos maiores freesurfers do Brasil, ele foi eleito pela Revista Alma Surf como o melhor freesurfer de 2012 e ganhou da Revista Fluir o prêmio de melhor tubo de 2012, surfando um swell histórico no Taiti.[3]

Em 2014 protagonizou a série "Pedro Vai Pro Mar" exibida através do Canal OFF.[4] É o primeiro surfista brasileiro a protagonizar uma história em quadrinhos. O gibi “De volta à rotina”, que conta sobre sua vida de atleta, foi produzido pela Nike e foi criado pelo jornalista Matias Maxx e pelo cartunista Daniel Juca.[5] Em 2017, ele foi um dos 20 participantes convidados a participar da 1ª edição do Exathlon Brasil, terminando a competição em 2º lugar[6].

Vida pessoal
Em 2011 começou a namorar a atriz Luana Piovani, casando-se com ela em 2013.[7] O casal divorciou-se em março de 2019.[8] O ex-casal possui três filhos, Dom, nascido em 2012 e os gêmeos Bem e Liz, nascidos em 2015.[9][10]

Em junho de 2019 assume namoro com a cantora Anitta, durante uma viagem juntos em Bali.[11] O relacionamento chegou ao fim em agosto do mesmo ano.

بيليه

إدسون أرانتيس دو ناسيمنتو (بالبرتغالية: Edson Arantes do Nascimento‏) المعروف ببيليه (بالبرتغالية: Pelé‏)، هو لاعب كرة قدم برازيلي معتزل، من مواليد 23 أكتوبر 1940 في مدينة تريس كاراكوس في البرازيل، يعتبر بيليه بنظر كثيرين أفضل لاعب في تاريخ كرة القدم. وفي البرازيل يعتبر بيليه بطلا قومياً، وقد لعب كمهاجم وكصانع ألعاب، وقد أشتهر بلعب للكرات الخلفية، وقال أنه نادم لأنه لم يسجل مثل هذه الكرة في كأس العالم.

ففي عام 1999 اختير كلاعب القرن من قبل الاتحاد الدولي لتاريخ وإحصاءات كرة القدم، في نفس العام، فاز بيليه بلقب لاعب القرن، بعدما طلبت مجلة فرانس فوتبول من الفائزين بجائزتها (جائزة الكرة الذهبية) لترشيح أفضل لاعب بالقرن. أيضاً في 1999 اختير بيليه كرياضي القرن من قبل اللجنة الأولمبية الدولية، أيضاً مجلة تايم بترشيحه لقائمة الأشخاص الأكثر أهميةَ في القرن 20. وفي عام 2013، حصل بيليه على كرة الفيفا الشرفية من قبل الإتحاد الدولي لكرة القدم.

وفقا للإتحاد الدولي لتاريخ وإحصاءات كرة القدم، فإن بيليه هو أنجح هداف الدوريات في العالم، حيث سجل 541 هدفاً في الدوري. وفي مسيرته الكروية استطاع بيليه تسجيل 1281 هدفاً في 1363 مباراة خاضها، بما في ذلك المباريات الودية الغير الرسمية ، و أصبح بذلك أكثر من سجل أهدافاً في تاريخ كرة القدم، وتم إدراج الرقم في موسوعة غينيس للأرقام القياسية.

خلال مسيرته الكروية، كان بيليه ممن يستلمون أعلى الأجور في عالم كرة القدم آنذاك، بسبب موهبته، حتى أن رئيس البرازيل جانيو كوادروس في عام 1961 قد أعلن أن بيليه هو ثروة قومية. كان لبيليه ثقل سياسي، حيث قاد العديد من السياسات الرامية إلى تحسين الظروف الاجتماعية للفقراء. أطلق على بيليه عدة ألقاب منها، بيرولا نيجرا أي اللؤلؤة السوداء (بالبرتغالية: Pérola Negra‏) و يا ري دو فيوتيبول أي ملك كرة القدم (بالبرتغالية: O Rei do Futebol‏) و يا ري بيليه أي الملك بيليه (بالبرتغالية: O Rei Pelé‏) أو ببساطة يا ري أي الملك (بالبرتغالية: O Rei‏)، و غيرها.

بدأ بيليه مسيرته الكروية مع نادي سانتوس وهو بعمر الخامسة عشر، و لعب مع منتخب البرازيل لكرة القدم وهو بعمر السادسة عشر. وقد استطاع الفوز ثلاث بطولات كأس العالم لكرة القدم مع منتخب بلاده أعوام 1958 و 1962 و 1970، وهو اللاعب الوحيد الذي حقق هذا الإنجاز، وهو أيضاً الهداف التاريخي ل منتخب البرازيل لكرة القدم برصيد 77 هدفاً في 92 مباراة. أما على الصعيد المحلي، قاد بيليه فريقه نادي سانتوس إلى لقب كأس ليبرتادوريس أعوام 1962 و 1963،

أعلن بيليه اعتزاله كرة القدم في عام 1977، وعين سفيراً لكرة القدم في جميع أنحاء العالم. وفي عام 2010، أعطي بيليه منصب الرئيس الفخري لنيويورك كوسموس
بداية حياته
ولد بيليه في تريس كاراكوس في ميناس غرياس في البرازيل، لأب كان يلعب في نادي فلومينيزي وهو دوندينهو وأمه اسمها سيلستي، وقد سمي تيمنا بالعالم الأمريكي توماس أديسون، ويسمى في عائلته باسم ديكو، ولم يحصل على اسمه بيليه إلى في أيام الدراسة، وقد أعطي هذا الاسم لأنه لم يعرف كيف يهجئ اسم لاعبه المفضل حارس مرمى نادي فاسكو دي غاما بيلي، ولم يكن بيليه يحب هذا الاسم، وقد طرد من المدرسة لأنه لكم زميله الذي أطلق عليه هذا الاسم، ولكن الاسم ظل ملتصقا به، ولكن بيليه لم يكن يعرف أنه في اللغة الإيرلندية اسمه بيليه يعني كرة القدم، وفي لغة الهيبيين تعني المعجزة.

و قد نشأ بيليه في باورو في ساو باولو، وقد جمع بيليه الأموال من خلال عمله مع نادي باورو أثلتيك كلوب، حيث كان ينظف أحذيتهم في أيام المباريات، وقد تعلم لعب الكرة من والده الذي كان يلعب في نادي أتلتيكو مينيرو، والذي أصيب في ركبته مما إضطره إلى اعتزال الكرة.

و كان فريق بيليه الأول هو فريق شوزليس ونس، وقد تأسس هذا الفريق على يد بيليه وبعض من أصدقائه، وقد شاركوا في العديد من البطولات المحلية، وتتطلب هذه البطولات ارتداء أحذية رياضية، وقد غيروا اسم فريقهم إلى أميركوينها، وقد لعبوا في المباراة النهائية في إستاد بي أيه كي، وقد فاز بيليه بلقب هداف البطولة.

و في عام 1954، انتقل بعض لاعبي الفريق إلى نادي باوكينهو للناشئين، والذي يدربه اللاعب السابق فالديمير دي بريتو، الذي لعب في بطولة كأس العالم لكرة القدم 1934، وقد فاز الفريق بكأس الناشئين في عام 1954، وقد سجل بيليه 148 هدف في 33 مباراة.

مجيئه إلى نادي سانتوس سنة 1955

بيليه بقميص نادي سانتوس البرازيلي سنة 1963م.
و في عام 1955 أخذ المدرب بيليه إلى نادي سانتوس ليبدأ مسيرة احترافية مع نادي سانتوس، ومنذ ظهوره الأول، قام النقاد الرياضيون بالتوقع بأنه سيكون من أفضل اللاعبين في العالم.

مسيرته الدولية
لعب بيليه أول مباراة دولية له مع منتخب البرازيل لكرة القدم في 7 يوليو 1956 أمام منتخب الأرجنتين لكرة القدم، وفاز منتخب الأرجنتين 2-1، وسجل بيليه هدفه الدولي الأول، قبل أن يبلغ السابعة عشر باربعه أشهر .

كأس العالم 1958
لعب بيليه أول مباراة في كأس العالم أمام منتخب الإتحاد السوفييتي لكرة القدم في الدور الأول من كأس العالم لكرة القدم 1958، وقد كان أصغر لاعب في البطولة، وفي ذلك الوقت كان أصغر لاعب يلعب في تاريخ كأس العالم، وقد سجل أول هدف له في كأس العالم أمام منتخب ويلز لكرة القدم في الدور الربع نهائي، وقد أصبح أصغر لاعب يسجل هدفا في كأس العالم، وفي الدور النصف نهائي أمام منتخب فرنسا لكرة القدم بقيادة جاست فونتين سجل بيليه ثلاثية ليقود منتخب البرازيل لكرة القدم إلى التأهل إلى المباراة النهائية.

و في 19 يونيو 1958 أصبح بيليه أصغر لاعب يلعب في نهائي لكأس العالم لكرة القدم بعمر 17 سنة و 249 يوم، وقد سجل هدفين في المباراة أمام منتخب السويد لكرة القدم، وهدفه الأول من الأهداف الأجمل في التاريخ، وبعد أن انتهت المباراة أغمى عليه، وتم إسعافه من قبل الطاقم الطبي، وقد أنهى البطولة بستة أهداف سجلها بأربعة مباريات وهو ثاني هدافي البطولة خلف جاست فونتين.

كأس العالم 1962
في أول مباراة له في كأس العالم لكرة القدم 1962 صنع هدف أمام منتخب المكسيك لكرة القدم وبعدها سجل آخر بعد أن راوغ أربعة مدافعين، ليفوز منتخب البرازيل لكرة القدم 2-0، وقد أصيب في مباراة منتخب البرازيل لكرة القدم أمام منتخب تشيكسلوفاكيا لكرة القدم، وقد لعب بدلا عنه في البطولة أماريلدو، وقام غارينشيا بقيادة منتخب البرازيل لكرة القدم إلى الفوز في البطولة وحصل على احسن لاعب في البطولة

كأس العالم 1966
و تذكر بطولة كأس العالم لكرة القدم 1966 بسبب القوة التي ظهرت عليها، حيث كثرت الأخطاء الشخصية في تلك البطولة، وأصبح بيليه أول لاعب يسجل أهداف في ثلاثة بطولات لكأس العالم، وقد سجل هدفه من ركلة حرة مباشرة أمام منتخب بلغاريا لكرة القدم، وقد خرج منتخب البرازيل لكرة القدم من الدور الأول في تلك البطولة للمرة الأولى منذ كأس العالم لكرة القدم 1934، وقال بيليه بعد تلك البطولة أنه لا يريد اللعب في كأس العالم مرة أخرى.

كأس العالم 1970
عندما استدعي بيليه إلى المنتخب في عام 1969 رفض في البداية، ولكنه بعدها قبل ولعب 6 مباريات في تصفيات كأس العالم، وقد سجل 6 أهداف، وقد كانت بطولة كأس العالم لكرة القدم 1970 في المكسيك الأخيرة لبيليه.

و كانت تشكيلة الفريق في كأس العالم لكرة القدم 1970 متغيرة عن كأس العالم لكرة القدم 1966، حيث لم يتم استدعاء غارينشيا ونيلتون سانتوس وجيلما سانتوس وجيلمار، ولكن الفريق الذي كانت يضم بيليه وريفيلينو وجارزينيو وجيرسون وتوستاو وكولدوالدو يعتبر الأفضل على مر التاريخ.

و في المباراة الأولى أمام منتخب تشيكوسلوفاكيا لكرة القدم، فاز منتخب البرازيل لكرة القدم 4-1، وقد سجل بيليه هدفا بعد تمريرة مع جيرسون إستقبلها على صدره وسددها في المرمى، وفي الشوط الأول من مباراة منتخب البرازيل لكرة القدم أمام منتخب إنجلترا لكرة القدم كاد بيليه أن يسجل هدفا بالرأس، لكن الحارس غوردون بانكس قام بصدة تاريخية وأبعد الكرة عن المرمى، وفي الشوط الثاني صنع الهدف الوحيد في المباراة لجارزينيو، وأمام منتخب رومانيا لكرة القدم، سجل بيليه الهدف الأول في المباراة من ركلة حرة مباشرة، وقد سجل هدفا آخر في المباراة، وانتهت المباراة بفوز البرازيل 3-2.

في الدور الربع نهائي أمام منتخب بيرو لكرة القدم، فازت البرازيل 4-2، وقد صنع بيليه الهدف الثالث لتوستاو، وفي الدور النصف نهائي تقابل منتخب البرازيل لكرة القدم مع منتخب أوروغواي لكرة القدم للمرة الأولى منذ نهائي كأس العالم لكرة القدم 1950، وفاز منتخب البرازيل لكرة القدم 3-1 بعد أن صنع بيليه هدفا لريفيلينو.

و في المباراة النهائية أمام منتخب إيطاليا لكرة القدم افتتح بيليه تسجيل الأهداف برأسية بعد أن قفز فوق المدافع تراسيسيو بورغنيتش، وبعدها صنع هدف لجارزينيو وكارلوس ألبرتو، وانتهت المباراة بفوز البرازيل 4-1، وقد صرح بورغنتيش بعد المباراة : لقد كنت أقول لنفسي قبل المباراة إنه مصنوع من الجلد والعظام مثل الناس، ولكنني كنت مخطئا.

و قد لعب بيليه مباراته الدولية الأخيرة في 18 يوليو 1971 أمام منتخب يوغسلافيا لكرة القدم في ريو دي جانيرو، وقد لعب بيليه مع البرازيل 92 مباراة، وفاز المنتخب في 67 مباراة وتعادل في 14 مباراة وخسر في 11 مباراة، ولم تخسر البرازيل أي مباراة عندما كان بيليه يلعب مع غارينشيا.

مع المنتخب
كأس العالم السويد FIFA 1958، حاز اللقب كأس أمريكا الجنوبية 1959، خاض مباراة النهائي وكان هداف الدورة (9 أهداف) كأس العالم تشيلي FIFA 1962، حاز اللقب كأس العالم إنجلترا FIFA 1966، خرج من الدور الأول كأس العالم المكسيك FIFA 1970، حاز اللقب

مع النوادي
1956 لقب دوري ساو باولو (سانتوس) 1958 لقب دوري ساو باولو (سانتوس) 1959 مباراة نهائي كأس أمريكا الجنوبية 1960 لقب دوري ساو باولو (سانتوس) 1961 لقب دوري ساو باولو (سانتوس) 1961 كأس البرازيل (سانتوس) 1962 كأس ليبرتادوريس (سانتوس) 1962 لقب دوري ساو باولو (سانتوس) 1962 كأس إنتركنتنتال (سانتوس) 1962 كأس البرازيل (سانتوس) 1963 كأس ليبرتادوريس (سانتوس) 1963 كأس إنتركنتنتال (سانتوس) 1963 كأس البرازيل (سانتوس) 1964 لقب دوري ساو باولو (سانتوس) 1964 كأس البرازيل (سانتوس) 1965 لقب دوري ساو باولو (سانتوس) 1965 كأس البرازيل (سانتوس) 1967 لقب دوري ساو باولو (سانتوس) 1968 لقب دوري ساو باولو (سانتوس) 1968 كأس البرازيل (سانتوس) 1969 لقب دوري ساو باولو (سانتوس) 1973 لقب دوري ساو باولو (سانتوس) 1977 لقب دوري الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية 1977 (كوزموس نيويورك)

الفردية
لاعب الفيفا للقرن العشرين
كرة الفيفا الشرفية
صحته
نُقل بيليه في يوم الخميس الموافق 27 نوفمبر 2014 إلى وحدة العناية المركزة بمستشفى ألبرت آينشتاين في جنوب ساو باولو، لمعناته الالام بالحصى.

إشاعة موته
تسبب تلفزيون سي إن إن الأمريكي في يوم السبت الموافق 28 نوفمبر 2015 في صدمة كبيرة لعشاق كرة القدم حول العالم من خلال تقديم معلومات عن رحيل أسطورة سانتوس والبرازيل، فضلاً عن كتابة القناة لنص الخبر عبر حسابها الرسمي في موقع تويتر للتواصل الإجتماعي مصحوبة بصورة بالأبيض والأسود لبيليه. وقد تقدم التلفزيون بإعتذار رسمي لمتابعيه على الخبر الغير صحيح الذي أذيع حول وفاة أسطورة كرة القدم البرازيلية بيليه وذكرت أنه في صحة جيدة وقامت بحذف الخبر مباشرة.

في أوائل أبريل 2016 أعلن الاتحاد البرازيلي لكرة القدم وفاة بيليه لكن تبين لاحقا أن الخبر غير صحيح

Pele

Edson Arantes do Nascimento, KBE (Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈɛtsõ (w)ɐˈɾɐ̃tʃiz du nɐsiˈmẽtu]; born 23 October 1940), known as Pelé ([peˈlɛ]), is a Brazilian retired professional footballer who played as a forward. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest players of all time. In 1999, he was voted World Player of the Century by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics (IFFHS), and was one of the two joint winners of the FIFA Player of the Century award. That same year, Pelé was elected Athlete of the Century by the International Olympic Committee. According to the IFFHS, Pelé is the most successful domestic league goal-scorer in football history scoring 650 goals in 694 League matches, and in total 1281 goals in 1363 games, which included unofficial friendlies and is a Guinness World Record. During his playing days, Pelé was for a period the best-paid athlete in the world.

Pelé began playing for Santos at age 15 and the Brazil national team at 16. During his international career, he won three FIFA World Cups: 1958, 1962 and 1970, being the only player ever to do so. Pelé is the all-time leading goalscorer for Brazil with 77 goals in 92 games. At club level he is the record goalscorer for Santos, and led them to the 1962 and 1963 Copa Libertadores. Known for connecting the phrase "The Beautiful Game" with football, Pelé's "electrifying play and penchant for spectacular goals" made him a star around the world, and his teams toured internationally in order to take full advantage of his popularity. Since retiring in 1977, Pelé has been a worldwide ambassador for football and has made many acting and commercial ventures. In 2010, he was named the Honorary President of the New York Cosmos.

Averaging almost a goal per game throughout his career, Pelé was adept at striking the ball with either foot in addition to anticipating his opponents' movements on the field. While predominantly a striker, he could also drop deep and take on a playmaking role, providing assists with his vision and passing ability, and he would also use his dribbling skills to go past opponents. In Brazil, he is hailed as a national hero for his accomplishments in football and for his outspoken support of policies that improve the social conditions of the poor. Throughout his career and in his retirement, Pelé received several individual and team awards for his performance in the field, his record-breaking achievements, and legacy in the sport.
Pelé was born Edson Arantes do Nascimento on 23 October 1940, in Três Corações, Minas Gerais, Brazil, the son of Fluminense footballer Dondinho (born João Ramos do Nascimento) and Celeste Arantes. He was the elder of two siblings.[1] He was named after the American inventor Thomas Edison.[2] His parents decided to remove the "i" and call him "Edson", but there was a mistake on the birth certificate, leading many documents to show his name as "Edison", not "Edson", as he is called.[2][3] He was originally nicknamed "Dico" by his family.[1][4] He received the nickname "Pelé" during his school days, when it is claimed he was given it because of his pronunciation of the name of his favorite player, local Vasco da Gama goalkeeper Bilé, which he misspoke but the more he complained the more it stuck. In his autobiography, Pelé stated he had no idea what the name means, nor did his old friends.[1] Apart from the assertion that the name is derived from that of Bilé, and that it is Hebrew for "miracle" (פֶּ֫לֶא), the word has no known meaning in Portuguese.[note 1][5]

Pelé grew up in poverty in Bauru in the state of São Paulo. He earned extra money by working in tea shops as a servant. Taught to play by his father, he could not afford a proper football and usually played with either a sock stuffed with newspaper and tied with a string or a grapefruit.[6][1] He played for several amateur teams in his youth, including Sete de Setembro, Canto do Rio, São Paulinho, and Amériquinha.[7] Pelé led Bauru Athletic Club juniors (coached by Waldemar de Brito) to two São Paulo state youth championships.[8] In his mid-teens, he played for an indoor football team called Radium. Indoor football had just become popular in Bauru when Pelé began playing it. He was part of the first Futebol de Salão (indoor football) competition in the region. Pelé and his team won the first championship and several others.[9]

According to Pelé, indoor football presented difficult challenges; he said it was a lot quicker than football on the grass and that players were required to think faster because everyone is close to each other in the pitch. Pelé accredits indoor football for helping him think better on the spot. In addition, indoor football allowed him to play with adults when he was about 14 years old. In one of the tournaments he participated, he was initially considered too young to play, but eventually went on to end up top scorer with fourteen or fifteen goals. "That gave me a lot of confidence", Pelé said, "I knew then not to be afraid of whatever might come
Club career
Santos
Main article: Os Santásticos
In 1956, de Brito took Pelé to Santos, an industrial and port city located near São Paulo, to try out for professional club Santos FC, telling the directors at Santos that the 15-year-old would be "the greatest football player in the world."[10] Pelé impressed Santos coach Lula during his trial at the Estádio Vila Belmiro, and he signed a professional contract with the club in June 1956.[11] Pelé was highly promoted in the local media as a future superstar. He made his senior team debut on 7 September 1956 at the age of 15 against Corinthians Santo Andre and had an impressive performance in a 7–1 victory, scoring the first goal in his prolific career during the match.[12][13]

When the 1957 season started, Pelé was given a starting place in the first team and, at the age of 16, became the top scorer in the league. Ten months after signing professionally, the teenager was called up to the Brazil national team. After the 1958 and the 1962 World Cup, wealthy European clubs, such as Real Madrid, Juventus and Manchester United,[14] tried to sign him in vain; in 1958 Inter Milan even managed to get him a regular contract, but Angelo Moratti was forced to tear the contract up at the request of Santos' chairman following a revolt by Santos' Brazilian fans.[15] However, in 1961 the government of Brazil under President Jânio Quadros declared Pelé an "official national treasure" to prevent him from being transferred out of the country
Pelé won his first major title with Santos in 1958 as the team won the Campeonato Paulista; Pelé would finish the tournament as top scorer with 58 goals,[17] a record that stands today. A year later, he would help the team earn their first victory in the Torneio Rio-São Paulo with a 3–0 over Vasco da Gama.[18] However, Santos was unable to retain the Paulista title. In 1960, Pelé scored 33 goals to help his team regain the Campeonato Paulista trophy but lost out on the Rio-São Paulo tournament after finishing in 8th place.[19] In the 1960 season, Pelé scored 47 goals and helped Santos regain the Campeonato Paulista. The club went on to win the Taça Brasil that same year, beating Bahia in the finals; Pelé finished as top scorer of the tournament with 9 goals. The victory allowed Santos to participate in the Copa Libertadores, the most prestigious club tournament in the Western hemisphere.
Santos's most successful Copa Libertadores season started in 1962;[22] the team was seeded in Group One alongside Cerro Porteño and Deportivo Municipal Bolivia, winning every match of their group but one (a 1–1 away tie versus Cerro). Santos defeated Universidad Católica in the semi-finals and met defending champions Peñarol in the finals. Pelé scored twice in the playoff match to secure the first title for a Brazilian club.[23] Pelé finished as the second top scorer of the competition with four goals. That same year, Santos would successfully defend the Campeonato Brasileiro (with 37 goals from Pelé) and the Taça Brasil (Pelé scoring four goals in the final series against Botafogo). Santos would also win the 1962 Intercontinental Cup against Benfica.[24] Wearing his number 10 shirt, Pelé produced one of the best performances of his career, scoring a hat-trick in Lisbon as Santos won 5–2.[25][26] As the defending champions, Santos qualified automatically to the semi-final stage of the 1963 Copa Libertadores. The ballet blanco, the nickname given to Santos for Pelé, managed to retain the title after victories over Botafogo and Boca Juniors. Pelé helped Santos overcome a Botafogo team that contained Brazilian legends such as Garrincha and Jairzinho with a last-minute goal in the first leg of the semi-finals which made it 1–1. In the second leg, Pelé scored a hat-trick in the Estádio do Maracanã as Santos won, 0–4, in the second leg. Santos started the final series by winning, 3–2, in the first leg and defeating Boca Juniors 1–2, in La Bombonera. It was a rare feat in official competitions, with another goal from Pelé.[27] Santos became the first (and to date the only) Brazilian team to lift the Copa Libertadores in Argentine soil. Pelé finished the tournament with 5 goals. Santos lost the Campeonato Paulista after finishing in third place but went on to win the Rio-São Paulo tournament after a 0–3 win over Flamengo in the final, with Pelé scoring one goal. Pelé would also help Santos retain the Intercontinental Cup and the Taça Brasil against Milan and Bahia respectively.
In the 1964 Copa Libertadores, Santos were beaten in both legs of the semi-finals by Independiente. The club won the Campeonato Paulista, with Pelé netting 34 goals. Santos also shared the Rio-São Paulo title with Botafogo and won the Taça Brasil for the fourth consecutive year. In the 1965 Copa Libertadores, Santos reached the semi-finals and met Peñarol in a rematch of the 1962 final. After two matches, a playoff was needed to break the tie.[28] Unlike 1962, Peñarol came out on top and eliminated Santos 2–1.[28] Pelé would, however, finish as the topscorer of the tournament with eight goals.[29] This proved to be the start of a decline as Santos failed to retain the Torneio Rio-São Paulo. In 1966, Pelé and Santos also failed to retain the Taça Brasil as Pelé's goals were not enough to prevent a 9–4 defeat by Cruzeiro (led by Tostão) in the final series. The club did, however, win the Campeonato Paulista in 1967, 1968 and 1969. On 19 November 1969, Pelé scored his 1000th goal in all competitions, in what was a highly anticipated moment in Brazil. The goal, popularly dubbed O Milésimo (The Thousandth), occurred in a match against Vasco da Gama, when Pelé scored from a penalty kick, at the Maracanã Stadium.[30]

Pelé states that his most memorable goal was scored at Rua Javari stadium on a Campeonato Paulista match against São Paulo rival Clube Atlético Juventus on 2 August 1959. As there is no video footage of this match, Pelé asked that a computer animation be made of this specific goal.[31] In March 1961, Pelé scored the gol de placa (goal worthy of a plaque), against Fluminense at the Maracanã.[32] Pelé received the ball on the edge of his own penalty area, and ran the length of the field, eluding opposition players with feints, before striking the ball beyond the goalkeeper.[32] A plaque was commissioned with a dedication to "the most beautiful goal in the history of the Maracanã".[33]

In 1967, the two factions involved in the Nigerian Civil War agreed to a 48-hour ceasefire so they could watch Pelé play an exhibition game in Lagos.[34] During his time at Santos, Pelé played alongside many gifted players, including Zito, Pepe, and Coutinho; the latter partnered him in numerous one-two plays, attacks, and goals.[35]

New York Cosmos
After the 1974 season (his 19th with Santos), Pelé retired from Brazilian club football although he continued to occasionally play for Santos in official competitive matches. Two years later, he came out of semi-retirement to sign with the New York Cosmos of the North American Soccer League (NASL) for the 1975 season.[36] Though well past his prime at this point, Pelé was credited with significantly increasing public awareness and interest of the sport in the United States.[37] During his first public appearance in Boston, he was injured by a crowd of fans who had surrounded him and was evacuated on a stretcher.[38] Pelé made his debut for the Cosmos on 15 June 1975 against the Dallas Tornado at Downing Stadium, scoring one goal in a 2–2 draw
In 1975, one week before the Lebanese Civil War, Pelé played a friendly game for the Lebanese club Nejmeh against a team of Lebanese Premier League stars,[40] scoring two goals which were not included in his official tally.[41][42] On the day of the game, 40,000 spectators were at the stadium from early morning to watch the match.[40]

Hoping to fuel the same kind of awareness in the Dominican Republic, he and the Cosmos team played in an exhibition match against Haitian team, Violette AC, in the Santo Domingo Olympic Stadium on 3 June 1976, where over 25,000 fans watched him score a winning goal in the last seconds of the match, leading the Cosmos to a 2–1 victory.[43] He led the Cosmos to the 1977 NASL championship, in his third and final season with the club.[44]

On 1 October 1977, Pelé closed out his career in an exhibition match between the Cosmos and Santos. Santos arrived in New York after previously defeating the Seattle Sounders in New Jersey, 2–0. The match was played in front of a sold out crowd at Giants Stadium and was televised in the United States on ABC's Wide World of Sports as well as throughout the world. Pelé's father and wife both attended the match, as well as Muhammad Ali and Bobby Moore.[45]

International career
Pelé's first international match was a 2–1 defeat against Argentina on 7 July 1957 at the Maracanã.[46][47] In that match, he scored his first goal for Brazil aged 16 years and nine months, and he remains the youngest goalscorer for his country.[48][49]

Um Presente Para Helen

Raising Helen (no Brasil, Um presente para Helen e em Portugal, A educação de Helen) é um filme americano de 2004 dos gêneros comédia romântica e comédia dramática, dirigido por Garry Marshall e escrito por Jack Amiel e Michael Begler. É estrelado por Kate Hudson, John Corbett, Joan Cusack, Hayden Panettiere, irmãos Spencer e Abigail Breslin, e Helen Mirren.

A música em destaque Whip It da banda estadunidense Devo foi usada no filme. A canção foi usada em seu significado original de resolver problemas após Helen tornar-se a guardiã de três filhos de sua irmã.

O filme foi exibido no Festival de Cinema de Tribeca de 2004.[5] Foi lançado nos cinemas em 28 de maio de 2004. Antes do filme começar, havia um curta de animação da Walt Disney Feature Animation, intitulado Lorenzo.[6] O filme saiu dos cinemas em 9 de setembro de 2004.

O filme arrecadou US$ 37,486,512 nos Estados Unidos. Em países estrangeiros, fez US$ 12,232,099. O filme arrecadou no total US$ 49,718,611,[4] com um orçamento de US$ 50 milhões,[3] tornando o filme um fracasso de bilheteria. Também recebeu comentários negativos dos críticos.
Sinopse
Raising Helen gira em torno de Helen Harris, que tem uma carreira bem sucedida de moda e um estilo decente de vida em Manhattan, termos que usa como razão por ser bastante ocupada. Os dias de socialite de Helen duram pouco, quando ela é informada sobre não apenas a morte da irmã, mas a decisão dela deixar os seus três filhos por sua conta. Começando com seu apartamento em Nova York, que era muito pequeno para Audrey de 15 anos, Henry de 10 anos e Sarah de 5 anos, e assim se mudou para um lugar próximo da casa de sua família. Convencida de que poderia manter os sobrinhos e o trabalho, é rapidamente desmotivada pela falta de fé de sua outra irmã mais velha. Apesar de seus inúmeros compromissos, ela consegue um tempo para se acostumar com um novo emprego e também começa a sentir uma atração pelo diretor e pastor luterano da escola das crianças. Eventualmente, Helen percebe que não pode viver com as duas vidas, e precisa se decidir: Vive seu sonho ou toma uma nova atitude?

Elenco
Kate Hudson como Helen Harris
John Corbett como Pastor Dan Parker
Joan Cusack como Jenny Portman
Hayden Panettiere como Audrey Davis
Spencer Breslin como Henry Davis
Abigail Breslin como Sarah Davis
Helen Mirren como Dominique
Sakina Jaffrey como Nilma Prasad
Kevin Kilner como Ed Portman
Paris Hilton como Amber
Felicity Huffman como Lindsay Davis
Sean O'Bryan como Paul Davis
Amber Valletta como Martina
Ethan Browne como Devon
Joseph Mazzello como Peter
Michael Esparza como BZ
Katie Carr como Caitlin
Héctor Elizondo como Mickey Massey
Larry Miller como Leo D'Leo
Shakara Ledard como 'Tinka' (a modelo)
Recepção da crítica
Raising Helen tem recepção geralmente desfavorável por parte da crítica especializada. Com tomatometer de 23% em base de 128 críticas, o Rotten Tomatoes publicou um consenso: "Tão superficial e estereotipada como uma comédia". Tem 61% de aprovação, por parte da audiência, usada para calcular a recepção do público a partir de votos dos usuários do site.

Arda Turan

Arda Turan (born 30 January 1987) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Turkish club İstanbul Başakşehir, on loan from Barcelona, and the Turkey national team.

Turan is mostly known for his ball control, dribbling skills and vision. At age 21, prior to the 2009–10 season, he was named captain of Galatasaray.

Following a successful UEFA Euro 2008 campaign, Turan was ranked eighth in a selection of the 100 Best Young Football Players in the World piece published by Spanish magazine Don Balón in July 2008.[4] Turan was ranked 38th in "The 100 Best Footballers in the World" by The Guardian in 2014, the only player on the list to be born in Turkey.[5] On 25 November 2014, Turan was nominated for the UEFA Team of the Year for 2014, among 40 other players.[6][7]

As of May 2018, Turan holds 100 senior national caps and 17 goals for the Turkey national team, making him Turkey's fourth-most capped player of all-time.
Galatasaray
Turan is a product of the Galatasaray youth. He was promoted to the Galatasaray first-team by manager Gheorghe Hagi in 2004–05 season, and he made his official debut against Bursaspor in a Turkish Cup match on 22 January 2005. He then had a spell on loan to fellow Süper Lig side Manisaspor in the second half of the 2005–06 season. In the 2005–06 season, Turan scored two goals for the team based in Manisa.

Turan was recalled to Galatasaray for the start of the 2006–07 season and quickly broke into the first team. It was during this time that he received his first senior international call up. He helped Galatasaray qualify for the following season's UEFA Champions League group stage. Turan continued his development in the 2007–08 season, scoring seven goals in the second half of the season.

At the start of the 2009–10 season, Turan was handed the captaincy of Galatasaray[8] and given squad number 10, which had previously belonged to Metin Oktay and Hagi; Turan previously wore number 66.[9]

As captain at the start of season, Turan guided his team to six consecutive league wins games which put Galatasaray comfortably at the top of the table. In the 2010–11 season, he was troubled with injuries and played a limited number of games. By the end of the season, he had played in only 12 league matches, scoring two goals; and in three Turkish Cup matches, where he scored one. His impressive performances over the last four years of his Galatasaray career lead to interest from Spanish club Atlético Madrid.[10]

Atlético Madrid
In the late hours of 9 August 2011, it was announced Turan would be joining Atlético Madrid for a €12 million transfer fee plus bonuses,[11] making him the most expensive Turkish footballer of all-time.[12][13]

He was handed the number 11 shirt and made his 2011–12 La Liga debut on 28 August 2011 against Osasuna, entering as a substitute in the second half. He made his UEFA Europa League debut on 15 September against Celtic, starting the match and assisting a goal. On 18 September, he was again selected for the starting XI and provided two assists.

On 25 October, Galatasaray club president Ünal Aysal stated Turan will come back to Galatasaray in the future under right of first refusal that was signed between Galatasaray and Atlético during an interview with Lig TV.[14] On 30 November, Turan scored his first goal for Atlético in a Europa League match against Celtic with a powerful volley. On 11 December, he scored his first La Liga goal with a driven volley just outside the box. In the Europa League match that followed, he netted again in a 3–1 win against Rennes.

Turan scored two goals in two minutes as Atlético defeated Espanyol 3–1 on 22 April 2012 to move his side into seventh place in the league standings and just three points behind Málaga for the final Champions League spot.[15] On 9 May, in the 2012 UEFA Europa League Final against Athletic Bilbao, he made an assist to his teammate Radamel Falcao, which made the score 2–0.

Turan's number was changed from 11 to 10 before the 2012–13 season. He began his season with a game-tying long-distance screamer in Atlético's 1–1 La Liga season opener against Levante. He then won the 2012 UEFA Super Cup with Atlético against Champions League victors Chelsea, assisting Falcao for the third goal of the game in a 4–1 victory.[16] On 16 September 2012, he scored the third goal of the game against Rayo Vallecano in a 4–3 home win. He was instrumental in Atlético's wins in their first two 2013–14 Champions League matches against Zenit Saint Petersburg and Porto, scoring a goal in each match.[17] On 30 April 2014, he scored the last goal of a 3–1 away win against Chelsea in the semi-finals of the Champions League, sending Atlético to the final for the first time since 1974.[18]

Entering the match as a substitute one hour into the match, Turan scored the decisive goal in the 76th minute for Atlético in their 1–2 away league win against derby rivals Real Madrid on 13 September 2014. After the match, Atlético manager Diego Simeone hailed Turan's impact on Atlético's game.[19] On 1 October 2014, Turan scored the only goal of the match in the 1–0 win against Juventus in the group stage of the 2014–15 Champions League season. On 28 January 2015, in the 47th minute of the home leg of the Copa del Rey quarter-final against Barcelona, Turan threw his boot in the direction of the assistant referee, when he was denied a free-kick for an alleged foul by Ivan Rakitić.[20] After the match, however, he was not handed a ban for the incident.[21] Atlético were eliminated from the tournament as the match ended with a 2–3 defeat, 2–4 defeat on aggregate. On 22 April, Turan was sent off for a foul on Sergio Ramos as Atlético lost 0–1 at Real Madrid to be eliminated from the quarter-finals of the Champions League.[22]

Barcelona
On 6 July 2015, Barcelona announced the signing of Turan from Atlético for €34 million, plus €7 million in variables. The contract would run for five seasons, but Turan would only be able to debut for the Catalans in January 2016, after Barcelona's transfer ban had been lifted.[23] On 29 December 2015, Turan picked number 7 for his shirt.[24][25] Starting the match in the starting line-up, Turan made his debut on 6 January 2016 in a Derbi barceloní encounter against Espanyol in the first leg of the round of 16 of the Copa del Rey, which ended 4–1 for Barcelona.[26] He placed a shot in the second half that was saved by Espanyol goalkeeper Pau.[26] Turan played his first Liga match with Barcelona on 9 January 2016, the 17th matchday of the season, at home against Granada. The match ended 4–0, with Turan assisting Lionel Messi's opening goal.[27][28] On 17 August 2016, Turan scored twice and Lionel Messi once as Barcelona earned a 3–0 second-leg victory over Sevilla to win the 2016 Supercopa de España 5–0 on aggregate.[29]

On 7 December 2016, Turan scored his first hat-trick for Barcelona during a Champions League group stage match against Borussia Mönchengladbach. He became the sixth player in Barça history to score a hat-trick in the Champions League, after Messi, Ronaldinho, Rivaldo, Samuel Eto'o and Neymar.[30] This also marked Turan's first hat-trick in European competitions.

İstanbul Başakşehir (loan)
After not playing a single game for Barcelona in the 2017–18 season, Arda was loaned out to Turkish club İstanbul Başakşehir for the remainder of the season and two more, in the winter transfer window.[31] He made his debut for the club in a league match on 21 January 2018, coming off the bench in the 65th minute mark and scoring the third goal in the 3–0 away win over Bursaspor.[32] On 4 May 2018, Turan was sent off in a league match against Sivasspor for pushing an assistant referee after disagreeing with a ruling.[33] He received a 16-match ban from the Turkish Federation's disciplinary board, the longest punishment ever issued to a player in the country.[34] Later, however, the ban was reduced to 10 games by TFF's arbitration board.[35]

International career
Turan was a Turkish international regular, having made over 90 appearances for Turkey at senior level. He made his debut in the 1–0 friendly victory over Luxembourg on 16 August 2006, having worked his way through the youth national team at the under-19 and under-21 levels. He scored his first international goal on 25 May 2008 in a friendly against Uruguay.

Turan featured in nine of Turkey's 12 qualification matches for Euro 2008, and starred in the finals of the tournament itself. Turan scored two goals during Turkey's progression to the semi-finals. The first was a last-minute winner against co-hosts Switzerland in their second group stage match to eliminate them from the competition.[36] His second came in the final group stage match against the Czech Republic, in which the winner would go through to the quarter-finals due to identical records. He scored Turkey's first goal in the second half, beating goalkeeper Petr Čech with a low shot, which led to Turkey coming from 2–0 down to win the match.[37] He also successfully converted a spot-kick in the penalty shootout against Croatia in the quarter-finals,[38] taking Turkey to the semi-finals, where they were eventually knocked out by losing finalists Germany.

Turan scored two goals during the qualification rounds of the 2010 FIFA World Cup, but ultimately Turkey failed to qualify from their group. After a qualifier in September 2008 between Armenia and Turkey – the two sides having historical political problems – both teams received a FIFA Fair Play Award for 2008.[39]

Turan scored the Turkish national team's 600th international goal in a 2010 World Cup qualification game, against Estonia on 5 September 2009.[40] he scored four goals for Turkey during the qualification rounds of the Euro 2012, two against Kazakhstan, one against Belgium, and one against Austria. Turkey, however, could not qualify for the final stages of Euro 2012 after being eliminated by Croatia in the play-offs.

In June 2017, Turan attacked verbally and tried to strangulate journalist Bilal Meşe in a plane trip back from a game against Macedonia. He then stated that he didn't feel any remorse and that he would not be playing for Turkey anymore.[41][42] However, after the sacking of head coach Fatih Terim and the new coach Mircea Lucescu expressing his wish for Turan to return, he declared in August that he would resume playing for Turkey.[43]

He was granted his 100th international appearance for Turkey in the 3-0 defeat to Iceland national football team in 2018 World Cup qualifying group match in October 2017.[44]

Outside football
Personal life
Turan is Muslim.[45]

On 16 November 2008, Turan collapsed during a match against İstanbul BB. After being rushed to hospital, he was diagnosed with cardiac arrhythmia.[46] The day after the incident, doctors declared that Turan was in good health and that extreme exhaustion caused the arrhythmia. In November 2009, he suffered a minor bout of swine flu but recovered within a few days to resume training.[47]

Turan has a passion for cars and currently drives a Ferrari F12 Berlinetta and an Audi RS6. In January 2009, he was involved in car crash in Istanbul.[48][49] Turan suffered no serious injuries and continued training with only cuts and bruises.[50]

Turan had been dating Turkish actress Sinem Kobal since August 2009.[51] The pair became engaged in January 2010, however they split in late 2013.[52][53] Turan who was in a long-term relationship with Aslıhan Doğan married her on 11 March 2018. President of Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan attended the wedding where he was acting as a witness of the marriage.[54][55]

Arda Turan received a suspended sentence of 2 years & 8 months after being found guilty of firing a gun to cause panic, illegal possession of weapons and intentional injury. Turan got into a brawl with Berkay Sahin last year which ended with a broken nose for the pop star. Turan appeared at the hospital with a gun, allegedly begging for forgiveness from Sahin, panic ensued after the footballer fired the weapon at the ground. Turan will not serve his jail term if no further incidents occur for 5 years. [56]

Charity
Turan is also known for his humanitarian work, especially in the helping of sick children.[57]

On 11 May 2014, Turan was announced as a goodwill ambassador for the Khojaly massacre.[58][59][60] His ambassador activities are aimed to raise awareness about this issue and promoting world peace.[61][62]

Media
In January 2010, Turan was voted as the third-most popular European footballer of 2009, as well as the 14th-most popular footballer in the world, by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics (IFFHS).[63][64] He was featured on the cover of the video game FIFA 15 in Turkey. Together with, at the time teammate, Lionel Messi.[65]

Politics
Turan is known for his long-standing support of President of Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan