زياد علي

زياد علي محمد

 Dale Hawerchuk

Dale Hawerchuk (April 4, 1963 – August 18, 2020) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player and coach. Hawerchuk played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for 16 seasons as a member of the Winnipeg Jets, Buffalo Sabres, St. Louis Blues and Philadelphia Flyers. He won the NHL's Calder Memorial Trophy as the league's Rookie of the Year in 1982 and was elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame in his second year of eligibility in 2001. Hawerchuk served as the head coach of the Barrie Colts of the Ontario Hockey League from 2010 to 2019.

Hawerchuk became the president, director of hockey operations, and primary owner of the Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League's Orangeville Crushers in 2007. He left this position in 2010.

On June 4, 2010, the Barrie Colts of the Ontario Hockey League named Hawerchuk as their head coach and director of hockey operations. The 2010–11 season was a rebuilding one for the Colts, as the team went 15–49–2–2, missing the playoffs for the first time in team history. In his sophomore year, the 2011–12 season, Hawerchuk amassed a record of 40–23–3–2; a significant improvement over his rookie season as bench boss of the Colts

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dale_Hawerchuk

 Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez

born October 13, 1989), also known by her initials AOC, is an American politician serving as the U.S. Representative for New York's 14th congressional district. The district includes the eastern part of the Bronx, portions of north-central Queens, and Rikers Island in New York City. She is a member of the Democratic Party.

Ocasio-Cortez drew national recognition when she won the Democratic Party's primary election for New York's 14th congressional district on June 26, 2018. She defeated Democratic Caucus Chair Joe Crowley, a 10-term incumbent, in what was widely seen as the biggest upset victory in the 2018 midterm election primaries.  She defeated Republican opponent Anthony Pappas in the November 6, 2018 general election.

Taking office at age 29, Ocasio-Cortez is the youngest woman ever to serve in the United States Congress. She has been noted for her substantial social media presence relative to her fellow members of Congress.  Ocasio-Cortez attended Boston University, where she double-majored in international relations and economics, graduating cum laude in 2011.  She was previously an activist and worked as a waitress and bartender before running for Congress in 2018.

Ocasio-Cortez is among the first female members of the Democratic Socialists of America elected to serve in Congress.  She advocates a progressive platform that includes Medicare for All, a federal jobs guarantee, the Green New Deal,  and abolishing the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement.

Ocasio-Cortez was born into a Catholic family in the Bronx borough of New York City on October 13, 1989, the daughter of Blanca Ocasio-Cortez (née Cortez) and Sergio Ocasio  She has a younger brother named Gabriel.  Her father was born in the Bronx to a Puerto Rican family and became an architect; her mother was born in Puerto Rico.  Ocasio-Cortez lived with her family in an apartment in the Bronx neighborhood of Parkchester  until she was five, when the family moved to a house in suburban Yorktown Heights. 

Ocasio-Cortez attended Yorktown High School, graduating in 2007. In high school and college, Ocasio-Cortez went by the name of "Sandy". She came in second in the microbiology category of the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair with a research project on the effect of antioxidants on the lifespan of the nematode C. elegans. In a show of appreciation for her efforts, the MIT Lincoln Laboratory named a small asteroid after her: 23238 Ocasio-Cortez.In high school, she took part in the National Hispanic Institute's Lorenzo de Zavala (LDZ) Youth Legislative Session. She later became the LDZ Secretary of State while she attended Boston University. Ocasio-Cortez had a John F. Lopez Fellowship.

After graduating from high school, Ocasio-Cortez enrolled at Boston University. Her father died of lung cancer in 2008 during her second year, and Ocasio-Cortez became involved in a lengthy probate battle to settle his estate. She has said that the experience helped her learn "firsthand how attorneys appointed by the court to administer an estate can enrich themselves at the expense of the families struggling to make sense of the bureaucracy." During college, Ocasio-Cortez served as an intern for U.S. Senator Ted Kennedy, in his section on foreign affairs and immigration issues. She recalled, "I was the only Spanish speaker, and as a result, as basically a kid—a 19-, 20-year-old kid—whenever a frantic call would come into the office because someone is looking for their husband because they have been snatched off the street by ICE, I was the one that had to pick up that phone. I was the one that had to help that person navigate that system." Ocasio-Cortez graduated cum laude from Boston University in 2011 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in both international relations and economics

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez

 Laura Loomer

Laura Elizabeth Loomer is an American political activist, conspiracy theorist,  and internet personality known for her far-right politics and commentary.[a] She is the 2020 Republican nominee to represent Florida's 21st congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives, running against incumbent Democratic Representative Lois Frankel. 

Loomer was a reporter for Canadian far-right website The Rebel Media during the summer of 2017, resigning that September.  Until June 2017, she worked for Project Veritas with James O'Keefe.  She has also occasionally reported for the American far-right conspiracy theory and fake news website InfoWars. 

Loomer has been banned from numerous social media platforms, payment processors, and other establishments for various reasons including violating policies on hate speech and spreading misinformation.  After her 2018 ban from Twitter, she handcuffed herself to Twitter's headquarters in New York for two hours before police cut through the handcuffs at her request.  Loomer was also banned from the March 2019 Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) after attempting to heckle reporters after chasing them through the conference

Loomer was raised in Arizona. She attended Mount Holyoke College, leaving after one semester; she said she felt targeted for being conservative.  She transferred to Barry University,  from which she graduated with a bachelor's degree in broadcast journalism.  She is Jewish

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Loomer

 Masai Ujiri

Masai Ujiri (born 7 July 1970) is a Nigerian-Canadian professional basketball executive and former player, and is the president of basketball operations of the Toronto Raptors in the National Basketball Association (NBA).

After a modest playing career, Ujiri became a scout in 2002, first for the Orlando Magic and then the Denver Nuggets. In 2008, he joined the backroom staff of the Toronto Raptors. Ujiri returned to the Nuggets in 2010 as general manager and executive vice president of basketball operations, and helped turn the team's fortunes around, returning them to the playoffs. As a result, he was named the NBA Executive of the Year in 2013. The following season, Ujiri returned to the Raptors as general manager. In the summer of 2018, Masai Ujiri relinquished his title as general manager to Bobby Webster,  and accepted the position of president of basketball operations. As president, Ujiri worked to usher in a period of sustained success, helping the team win its first NBA championship in 2019.

Ujiri was born in Bournemouth, England, to a Nigerian family. His parents were foreign students in England.  With the family moving back to Nigeria when he was two years old, he grew up in Zaria, Nigeria. Ujiri's father, a hospital administrator and nursing educator, is an Isoko from Aviara in Delta state, while his mother, a doctor, is a Kenyan from Machakos County. He originally played association football as a youth before stating his interest in basketball as a 13-year-old playing with friends on outdoor basketball courts in northern Nigeria. This interest would be fed by American sports magazines and VHS tapes of NBA games or basketball movies.  He admired Hakeem Olajuwon, an NBA star who was also Nigerian.

Entering high school, his parents allowed him to pursue his dream of playing college basketball and join a team in one of Europe’s top leagues. He left Nigeria to play for Nathan Hale High School in Seattle, WA while staying with a Nigerian family. After a stint overseas, Ujiri enrolled and played two years of basketball at Bismarck State College, a junior college in North Dakota. After community college, he transferred to Montana State University Billings but left after one semester. He left Montana and returned to England to begin a pro career.

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masai_Ujiri

 Julius Lothar Meyer

Julius Lothar Meyer (19 August 1830 – 11 April 1895) was a German chemist. He was one of the pioneers in developing the first periodic table of chemical elements. Both Mendeleev and Meyer worked with Robert Bunsen. He never used his first given name, and was known throughout his life simply as Lothar Meyer.

Lothar Meyer was born in Varel, Germany (then part of the Duchy of Oldenburg). He was the son of Friedrich August Meyer, a physician, and Anna Biermann. After attending the Altes Gymnasium in Oldenburg, he studied medicine at the University of Zurich in 1851. Two years later, he studied at the University of Würzburg, where he studied pathology, as a student of Rudolf Virchow. At Zurich, he had studied under Carl Ludwig, which had prompted him to devote his attention to physiological chemistry. After graduating as a Doctor of Medicine from Würzburg in 1854, he went to the University of Heidelberg, where Robert Bunsen held the chair of chemistry. In 1858, he received a Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Breslau with a thesis on the effects of carbon monoxide on the blood. With this interest in the physiology of respiration, he had recognized that oxygen combines with the hemoglobin in blood. 

Influenced by the mathematical teaching of Gustav Kirchhoff, he took up the study of mathematical physics at the University of Königsberg under Franz Ernst Neumann, and in 1859, after having received his habilitation (certification for university teaching), he became Privatdozent in physics and chemistry at the University of Breslau. In 1866, Meyer accepted a post at the Eberswalde Forestry Academy at Neustadt-Eberswalde but two years later was appointed to a professorship at the Karlsruhe Polytechnic. 

In 1872, Meyer was the first to suggest that the six carbon atoms in the benzene ring (that had been proposed a few years earlier by August Kekulé) were interconnected by single bonds only, the fourth valence of each carbon atom being directed toward the interior of the ring.

During the Franco-German campaign, the Polytechnic was used as a hospital, and Meyer took an active role in the care of the wounded. In 1876, Meyer became Professor of Chemistry at the University of Tübingen, where he served until his death from a stroke on April 11, 1895 at the age of 64

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Lothar_Meyer

 Sweetie Pies

Welcome to Sweetie Pie's is an American reality television series starring the family of former Ikette Robbie Montgomery, and also focuses on the running of their collection of soul food restaurants, Sweetie Pie's. The series premiered October 15, 2011, and ended on June 9, 2018, on the Oprah Winfrey Network.

Robbie Montgomery began her career in the 1960s as an Ikette. The Ikettes was the backing group for soul duo sensation Ike & Tina Turner. After her lung collapsed and she could no longer sing, Robbie took her mother's soul food recipes, and created "Sweetie Pie's"-- St. Louis' soul food restaurant run by Miss Robbie and her family. With two locations, Miss Robbie is preparing to open a third restaurant with the help of her son and business partner, Tim. While Tim and his fiancée, Jenae, tend to their newborn son and plan their wedding – Miss Robbie, who has never been married, continues to look for love at the age of 71 all the while keeping the family in line – especially her nephew Lil' Charles. Welcome to Sweetie Pie's follows the Montgomery family as they struggle with the demands of expanding their family-owned business and creating a legacy to pass on to future generations

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welcome_to_Sweetie_Pie%27s

 Caroline Kennedy

Caroline Bouvier Kennedy (born November 27, 1957)  is an American author, attorney, and diplomat who served as the United States Ambassador to Japan from 2013 to 2017.  She is a member of the Kennedy family and the only surviving child of President John F. Kennedy and First Lady Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy.

Kennedy was five days shy of her sixth birthday when her father was assassinated on November 22, 1963. The following year, Caroline, her mother, and brother John F. Kennedy Jr. settled on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, where she attended school. Kennedy graduated from Radcliffe College and worked at Manhattan's Metropolitan Museum of Art, where she met her future husband, exhibit designer Edwin Schlossberg. She later earned a J.D. degree from Columbia Law School. Most of Kennedy's professional life has spanned law and politics, as well as education reform and charitable work. She has also acted as a spokesperson for her family's legacy and co-authored two books with Ellen Aldermanon on civil liberties.

Early in the primary race for the 2008 presidential election, Kennedy and her uncle, Ted Kennedy, endorsed Democratic candidate Barack Obama; she later stumped for him in Florida, Indiana, and Ohio, served as co-chair of his Vice Presidential Search Committee, and addressed the 2008 Democratic National Convention in Denver. 

After Obama selected United States Senator Hillary Clinton to serve as Secretary of State, Kennedy expressed interest in being appointed to Clinton's vacant Senate seat from New York, but she later withdrew from consideration, citing "personal reasons." Congresswoman Kirsten Gillibrand ultimately replaced Clinton as the junior New York Senator. In 2013, President Obama appointed Kennedy as the United States Ambassador to Japan

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Kennedy

 Miami Heat

The Miami Heat are an American professional basketball team based in Miami. The Heat compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the league's Eastern Conference Southeast Division. The Heat play their home games at American Airlines Arena, and have won three NBA championships.

The franchise began play in the 1988–89 NBA season as an expansion team. After a period of mediocrity, the Heat would gain relevance during the 1990s following the appointment of former head coach Pat Riley in the role of team president. Riley would construct the high-profile trades of Alonzo Mourning in 1995, and of Tim Hardaway in 1996, which immediately propelled the team into playoff contention. Mourning and Hardaway would eventually lead the Heat to four division titles, prior to their departures in 2001 and 2002, respectively. As a result, the team struggled, and entered into a rebuild in time for the 2002–03 season.

Led by Dwyane Wade, and following a trade for former NBA Most Valuable Player (MVP) Shaquille O'Neal, Miami advanced to play in the NBA Finals in 2006, where they clinched their first championship, led by Riley as head coach. After the departure of O'Neal two years later, the team entered into another period of decline for the remainder of the 2000s. This saw the resignation of Riley as head coach, who returned to his position as team president, and was replaced by Erik Spoelstra.

In 2010, after creating significant cap space, the Heat partnered Wade with former league MVP LeBron James, and perennial NBA All-Star Chris Bosh, creating the "Big Three". During their four-year spell together, and under the guise of Spoelstra, James, Wade, and Bosh, they would lead the Heat to the NBA Finals in every season, and won two back-to-back championships in 2012 and 2013. The trio would all depart by 2016, and the team entered another period of rebuilding. Wade was eventually reacquired in 2018, albeit to retire with the franchise. 

The Heat hold the record for the NBA's third-longest winning streak, 27 straight games, set during the 2012–13 season. Four Hall of Famers have played for Miami, while James has won the NBA MVP Award while playing for the team.

In 1987 the NBA granted one of its four new expansion teams to Miami (the others being the Orlando Magic, Charlotte Hornets, and the Minnesota Timberwolves) and the team, known as the Heat began play in November 1988. The Miami Heat began their early years with much mediocrity, only making the playoffs two times in their first eight years and falling in the first round both times.

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami_Heat

 Rockets

The Houston Rockets are an American professional basketball team based in Houston. The Rockets compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member team of the league's Western Conference Southwest Division. The team plays its home games at the Toyota Center, located in Downtown Houston. Throughout its history, Houston has won two NBA championships and four Western Conference titles. It was established in 1967 as the San Diego Rockets, an expansion team originally based in San Diego. In 1971, the Rockets relocated to Houston.

The Rockets won only 15 games in their debut season as a franchise in 1967. In the 1968 NBA draft, the Rockets were awarded the first overall pick and selected power forward Elvin Hayes, who would lead the team to its first playoff appearance in his rookie season. The Rockets did not finish a season with a winning record for almost a decade until the 1976–77 season, when they traded for All-Star center Moses Malone. Malone went on to win the NBA Most Valuable Player (MVP) award twice while playing with the Rockets and led Houston to the Eastern Conference Finals in his first year with the team. During the 1980–81 season, the Rockets finished the regular season with a 40–42 record. Despite their losing record, they qualified for the playoffs. Led by Malone, the Rockets stunned the entire league by making their first NBA Finals appearance in 1981, becoming only the second team in NBA history to make the NBA Finals with a losing record. They would lose in six games to the 62–20 Boston Celtics, led by Larry Bird, Robert Parish, and future Rockets' head coach Kevin McHale. As of 2019, the 1980–81 Rockets are the last team since the 1954–55 Minneapolis Lakers to make it all the way to the NBA Finals with a losing record.

In the 1984 NBA draft, once again with the first overall pick, the Rockets drafted center Hakeem Olajuwon, who would become the cornerstone of the most successful period in franchise history. Paired with 7 feet 4 inches (2.24 m) Ralph Sampson, they formed one of the tallest front courts in the NBA. Nicknamed the "Twin Towers", they led the team to the 1986 NBA Finals—the second NBA Finals appearance in franchise history—where Houston was again defeated by Larry Bird and the 67-win Boston Celtics. The Rockets continued to reach the playoffs throughout the 1980s, but failed to advance past the first round for several years following a second round defeat to the Seattle SuperSonics in 1987. Rudy Tomjanovich took over as head coach midway through the 1991–92 season, ushering in the most successful period in franchise history. Led by Olajuwon, the Rockets dominated the 1993–94 season, setting a franchise record 58 wins and went to the 1994 NBA Finals—the third NBA Finals appearance in franchise history—and won the franchise's first championship against Patrick Ewing and the New York Knicks. During the following season, reinforced by another All-Star, Clyde Drexler, the Rockets—in their fourth NBA Finals appearance in franchise history—repeated as champions with a four-game sweep of the Orlando Magic, who were led by a young Shaquille O'Neal and Penny Hardaway. Houston, which finished the season with a 47–35 record and was seeded sixth in the Western Conference during the 1995 playoffs, became the lowest-seeded team in NBA history to win the title.

The Rockets acquired all-star power forward Charles Barkley in 1996, but the presence of three of the NBA's 50 greatest players of all-time (Olajuwon, Drexler, and Barkley) was not enough to propel Houston past the Western Conference Finals. Each one of the aging trio had left the team by 2001. The Rockets of the early 2000s, led by superstars Tracy McGrady and Yao Ming, followed the trend of consistent regular season respectability followed by playoff underachievement as both players struggled with injuries. After Yao's early retirement in 2011, the Rockets entered a period of rebuilding, completely dismantling and retooling their roster. The acquisition of franchise player James Harden in 2012 has launched the Rockets back into championship contention in the mid-2010s.

Moses Malone, Hakeem Olajuwon, and James Harden have been named the NBA's Most Valuable Player while playing for the Rockets, for a total of four MVP awards. The Rockets, under general manager Daryl Morey, are notable for popularizing the use of advanced statistical analytics (similar to sabermetrics in baseball) in player acquisitions and style of play

The Rockets were founded in 1967 in San Diego by Robert Breitbard, who paid an entry fee of US$1.75 million to join the NBA as an expansion team for the 1967–68 season.  The NBA wanted to add more teams in the Western United States, and chose San Diego based on the city's strong economic and population growth, along with the local success of an ice hockey team owned by Breitbard, the San Diego Gulls. The resulting contest to name the franchise chose the name "Rockets", which paid homage to San Diego's theme of "a city in motion" and the local arm of General Dynamics developing the Atlas missile and booster rocket program.  Breitbard brought in Jack McMahon, then coach of the Cincinnati Royals, to serve as the Rockets' coach and general manager.  The team, that would join the league along with the Seattle SuperSonics, then built its roster with both veteran players at an expansion draft, and college players from the 1967 NBA draft, where San Diego's first ever draft pick was Pat Riley.  In their first two games of the season, the Rockets were up against the St. Louis Hawks, and lost both of those games.  Their first win in franchise history came the very next game which occurred three days after against the Seattle SuperSonics. The Rockets won on the road, 121–114. Johnny Green recorded 30 points and 25 rebounds for the Rockets.  The next game, the SuperSonics hold a 15-point lead over the first half against the home team, Rockets, then the Rockets mounted a comeback to force overtime. However, the Supersonics pulled away as they won the game, 117–110. Art Williams recorded the first ever triple-double in franchise history as he recorded 17 points, 15 rebounds and 13 assists for the Rockets. The following game, the Nate Thurmond-led San Francisco Warriors protect their homecourt against the visiting Rockets, 137–126, thus the Rockets opened up their season 1–4 in their first 5 games.  The Rockets lost 67 games in their inaugural season,  which was an NBA record for losses in a season at the time.[ 

In 1968, after the Rockets won a coin toss against the Baltimore Bullets to determine who would have the first overall pick in the 1968 NBA draft,  they selected Elvin Hayes from the University of Houston.  Hayes improved the Rockets' record to 37 wins and 45 losses, enough for the franchise's first ever playoff appearance in 1969,  but the Rockets lost in the semi-finals of the Western Division to the Atlanta Hawks, four games to two. Despite the additions of Calvin Murphy and Rudy Tomjanovich and the management of Hall of Fame coach Alex Hannum, the Rockets tallied a 67–97 record in the following two seasons and did not make the playoffs in either season.  Because of the poor performance low attendance, Breitbard looked to sell the team.  The NBA would return to San Diego in 1978, when the Buffalo Braves moved to the city to become the Clippers; they, too would leave the city for Los Angeles in 1984.

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston_Rockets

 Susan B. Anthony

Susan B. Anthony (born Susan Anthony; February 15, 1820 – March 13, 1906) was an American social reformer and women's rights activist who played a pivotal role in the women's suffrage movement. Born into a Quaker family committed to social equality, she collected anti-slavery petitions at the age of 17. In 1856, she became the New York state agent for the American Anti-Slavery Society.

In 1851, she met Elizabeth Cady Stanton, who became her lifelong friend and co-worker in social reform activities, primarily in the field of women's rights. In 1852, they founded the New York Women's State Temperance Society after Anthony was prevented from speaking at a temperance conference because she was female. In 1863, they founded the Women's Loyal National League, which conducted the largest petition drive in United States history up to that time, collecting nearly 400,000 signatures in support of the abolition of slavery. In 1866, they initiated the American Equal Rights Association, which campaigned for equal rights for both women and African Americans. In 1868, they began publishing a women's rights newspaper called The Revolution. In 1869, they founded the National Woman Suffrage Association as part of a split in the women's movement. In 1890, the split was formally healed when their organization merged with the rival American Woman Suffrage Association to form the National American Woman Suffrage Association, with Anthony as its key force. In 1876, Anthony and Stanton began working with Matilda Joslyn Gage on what eventually grew into the six-volume History of Woman Suffrage. The interests of Anthony and Stanton diverged somewhat in later years, but the two remained close friends.

In 1872, Anthony was arrested for voting in her hometown of Rochester, New York, and convicted in a widely publicized trial. Although she refused to pay the fine, the authorities declined to take further action. In 1878, Anthony and Stanton arranged for Congress to be presented with an amendment giving women the right to vote. Introduced by Sen. Aaron A. Sargent (R-CA), it later became known colloquially as the Susan B. Anthony Amendment. It was eventually ratified as the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1920.

Anthony traveled extensively in support of women's suffrage, giving as many as 75 to 100 speeches per year and working on many state campaigns. She worked internationally for women's rights, playing a key role in creating the International Council of Women, which is still active. She also helped to bring about the World's Congress of Representative Women at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893.

When she first began campaigning for women's rights, Anthony was harshly ridiculed and accused of trying to destroy the institution of marriage. Public perception of her changed radically during her lifetime, however. Her 80th birthday was celebrated in the White House at the invitation of President William McKinley. She became the first female citizen to be depicted on U.S. coinage when her portrait appeared on the 1979 dollar coin.

Anthony embarked on her career of social reform with energy and determination. Schooling herself in reform issues, she found herself drawn to the more radical ideas of people like William Lloyd Garrison, George Thompson and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Soon she was wearing the controversial Bloomer dress, consisting of pantaloons worn under a knee-length dress. Although she felt it was more sensible than the traditional heavy dresses that dragged the ground, she reluctantly quit wearing it after a year because it gave her opponents the opportunity to focus on her apparel rather than her ideas.

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony

 Dream11

Dream11 is a fantasy sports platform based in India  that allows users to play fantasy cricket, hockey, football, kabaddi and basketball.  In April 2019, Dream11 became the first Indian gaming company to enter the ‘Unicorn Club’  Dream11 is the title sponsor for the 2020 Indian Premier League.

Dream11 was co-founded by Harsh Jain and Bhavit Sheth in 2012.  In 2012, they introduced freemium fantasy sports in India for cricket fans.  In 2014, the company reported 1 million registered users, which grew to 2 million in 2016 and to 4 million in 2018. It is a member of the Fantasy Sports Trade Association (FSTA) and is the founding member of the Indian Federation of Sports Gaming (IFSG). In April 2019, Steadview Capital completed secondary investment in Dream11. Apart from Steadview, Dream11’s investors included Kalaari Capital, Think Investments, Multiples Equity and Tencent. 

The company also made to the list and ranked 9 among India's Great Mid-Size Workplaces - 2018. Dream11 was also recognised as one of the top 10 innovative companies in India by Fast Company in 2019.

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream11

 Naseeruddin Shah

Naseeruddin Shah (born 20 July 1950) is an Indian film and stage actor and director in the Hindi language film industry. He is notable in Indian parallel cinema.  He has won numerous awards in his career, including three National Film Awards, three Filmfare Awards and an award at the Venice Film Festival. The Government of India has honoured him with the Padma Shri and the Padma Bhushan awards for his contributions to Indian cinema

Naseeruddin Shah was born in Barabanki town of Uttar Pradesh, into a Muslim family that originally came from Meerut. 

Shah did his schooling at St. Anselm's Ajmer and St Joseph's College, Nainital. He graduated in arts from Aligarh Muslim University in 1971 and attended National School of Drama in Delhi.

His elder brother, Lt. General Zameerud-din Shah (Retd.) PVSM, SM, VSM, was Vice-Chancellor of Aligarh Muslim University

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naseeruddin_Shah

 Piers Morgan

Piers Stefan Pughe-Morgan (/pɪərs/; né O'Meara; born 30 March 1965) is an English broadcaster, journalist, writer, and television personality. He is currently a co-presenter of the ITV Breakfast programme Good Morning Britain from Monday to Wednesday each week.

Morgan began his career in Fleet Street as a writer and editor for several tabloid papers, including The Sun, News of the World, and the Daily Mirror. In 1994, aged 29, he was appointed editor of the News of the World by Rupert Murdoch, which made him the youngest editor of a British national newspaper in more than half a century.  On television, he hosted Piers Morgan Live on CNN from 2011 to 2014, replacing Larry King Live in the timeslot following King's retirement.  He was a judge on America's Got Talent and Britain's Got Talent.  In 2008, Morgan won the seventh season of the US Celebrity Apprentice.  In the UK, he has presented Piers Morgan's Life Stories since 2009, and Good Morning Britain since 2015.  Morgan has written eight books, including four volumes of memoirs.

While working at Daily Mirror, he was in charge during the period that the paper was implicated in the phone hacking scandal. In 2011, Morgan denied having ever hacked a phone or "to my knowledge published any story obtained from the hacking of a phone". In 2012, he was criticised in the findings of the Leveson Inquiry by chair Brian Leveson who stated that comments made in Morgan's testimony about phone hacking were "utterly unpersuasive" and "that he was aware that it was taking place in the press as a whole and that he was sufficiently unembarrassed by what was criminal behaviour that he was prepared to joke about it". 

Morgan was born Piers Stefan O'Meara on 30 March 1965 in Surrey, the son of Vincent Eamonn O'Meara, an Irish dentist from County Offaly,  and Gabrielle Georgina Sybille (née Oliver),  an English woman who raised Morgan Catholic.  With regard to his religious views, Morgan still identifies as a Catholic due to his mother's influence, and believes in an afterlife, but does not "go to Confession, probably because it would take [him] too long".  He has a brother, Jeremy, who is older than him by two years.  A few months after his birth, the family moved to Newick, East Sussex.  His father died when Morgan was 11 months old; his mother later married Glynne Pughe-Morgan,   a Welsh pub landlord who later worked in the meat distribution business, and he took his stepfather's surname.  He was educated at the independent Cumnor House prep school between the ages of seven and 13, then Chailey School, a comprehensive secondary school in Chailey.   After nine months at Lloyd's of London, Morgan studied journalism at Harlow College  Morgan joined the Surrey and South London Newspaper Group in 1985.

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piers_Morgan

 John Michie

John Michie (born 25 October 1956) is a Scottish television and film actor, known for his roles as DI Robbie Ross in the STV detective drama series Taggart, as Karl Munro in Coronation Street from 2011–2013 and his role as CEO Guy Self in Casualty and Holby City.

Michie was born in Burma and boarded at Windlesham House School while his family were based in Kenya. The family later settled in Edinburgh, where was sent to study at Glenalmond College from the age of twelve. At the age of nineteen, he worked his passage to Australia on a cargo ship, where he spent a year as a jackaroo herding cattle before returning to Scotland. He took a job as a stagehand at the Traverse Theatre in Edinburgh, where his interest in acting started. He returned to Kenya when he was 22, beginning his acting career in A Private Matter at the Donovan Maule Theatre, Nairobi in 1980.

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Michie

 بن كروس

بن كروس (بالإنجليزية: Ben Cross)‏ هو ممثل بريطاني، ولد في 16 ديسمبر 1947 بلندن في المملكة المتحدة.

مراجع

https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3

 Ben Cross

Harry Bernard Cross (16 December 1947 – 18 August 2020), known professionally as Ben Cross, was an English stage and film actor, best known for his portrayal of the British Olympic athlete Harold Abrahams in the 1981 film Chariots of Fire and as Sarek in the 2009 film Star Trek.

Cross was born Harry Bernard Cross in London, to a working class family.  His mother was a cleaning woman and his father a doorman and nurse. He was raised Catholic, and had English and Irish ancestry.  Cross was educated at Bishop Thomas Grant Comprehensive School in Streatham, South London. 

Cross initially worked in manual jobs, including work as a window cleaner, waiter, and joiner. He worked as a carpenter for the Welsh National Opera, and was the Property Master at The Alexandra in Birmingham.

In 1970 at the age of 22, he was accepted into London's Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA), but later expressed little interest in pursuing the classical route. 

After graduating from RADA, Cross performed in several stage plays at The Dukes, Lancaster where he was seen in Macbeth, The Importance of Being Earnest and Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman. He then joined the Prospect Theatre Company and played roles in Pericles, Twelfth Night, and The Royal Hunt of the Sun. Cross also joined the cast of the musical Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat and played leading roles in Sir Peter Shaffer's Equus, Mind Your Head, and the musical Irma la Douce – all at the Leicester Haymarket Theatre.

Cross's first big screen film appearance came in 1976 when he went on location to Deventer, Netherlands, to play Trooper Binns in Joseph E. Levine's World War II epic A Bridge Too Far which starred an international cast, including Dirk Bogarde, Sean Connery, Michael Caine and James Caan.

In 1977, Cross became a member of the Royal Shakespeare Company and performed in the premiere of Privates on Parade as "Kevin Cartwright" and played Rover in a revival of a Restoration play titled Wild Oats. Cross's path to international stardom began in 1978 with his performance in the play Chicago, in which he played Billy Flynn, the slick lawyer of murderess Roxie Hart.

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Cross

 Mali

officially the Republic of Mali (French: République du Mali; Bambara: Mali ka Fasojamana; N'Ko script: ߡߊߟߌ ߞߊ ߝߊߛߏߖߊߡߊߣߊ), is a landlocked country in West Africa. Mali is the eighth-largest country in Africa, with an area of just over 1,240,000 square kilometres (480,000 sq mi). The population of Mali is 19.1 million.  67% of its population was estimated to be under the age of 25 in 2017.  Its capital is Bamako. The sovereign state of Mali consists of eight regions and its borders on the north reach deep into the middle of the Sahara Desert, while the country's southern part, where the majority of inhabitants live, features the Niger and Senegal rivers. The country's economy centers on agriculture and mining. Some of Mali's prominent natural resources include gold, being the third largest producer of gold in the African continent,  and salt. 

Present-day Mali was once part of three West African empires that controlled trans-Saharan trade: the Ghana Empire (for which Ghana is named), the Mali Empire (for which Mali is named), and the Songhai Empire. During its golden age, there was a flourishing of mathematics, astronomy, literature, and art.  At its peak in 1300, the Mali Empire covered an area about twice the size of modern-day France and stretched to the west coast of Africa. In the late 19th century, during the Scramble for Africa, France seized control of Mali, making it a part of French Sudan. French Sudan (then known as the Sudanese Republic) joined with Senegal in 1959, achieving independence in 1960 as the Mali Federation. Shortly thereafter, following Senegal's withdrawal from the federation, the Sudanese Republic declared itself the independent Republic of Mali. After a long period of one-party rule, a coup in 1991 led to the writing of a new constitution and the establishment of Mali as a democratic, multi-party state.

In January 2012, an armed conflict broke out in northern Mali, in which Tuareg rebels took control of a territory in the north, and in April declared the secession of a new state, Azawad.  The conflict was complicated by a military coup that took place in March  and later fighting between Tuareg and other rebel factions. In response to territorial gains, the French military launched Opération Serval in January 2013.  A month later, Malian and French forces recaptured most of the north. Presidential elections were held on 28 July 2013, with a second-round run-off held on 11 August, and legislative elections were held on 24 November and 15 December 2013.

A coup d’etat is currently taking place in Mali. On August 18, 2020, the nation’s president and prime minister were arrested by the military following a mutiny spawned on by protests over continuing economic woes and a worsening national security situation, and the following day both resigned.

The name Mali is taken from the name of the Mali Empire. The name means "the place where the king lives"  and carries a connotation of strength. 

Guinean writer Djibril Niane suggests in Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali (1965) that it is not impossible that Mali was the name given to one of the capitals of the emperors. 14th-century Moroccan traveler Ibn Battuta reported that the capital of the Mali Empire was called Mali.  One Mandinka tradition tells that the legendary first emperor Sundiata Keita changed himself into a hippopotamus upon his death in the Sankarani River and that it's possible to find villages in the area of this river, termed "old Mali", which have Mali for a name. A study of Malian proverbs noted that in old Mali, there is a village called Malikoma, which means "New Mali", and that Mali could have formerly been the name of a city. 

Another theory suggests that Mali is a Fulani pronunciation of the name of the Mande peoples.  It is suggested that a sound shift led to the change, whereby in Fulani the alveolar segment /nd/ shifts to /l/ and the terminal vowel denasalises and raises, leading "Manden" to shift to /mali/

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mali

 إمينيم

مارشال بروس ماذرز الثالث (بالإنجليزية: Marshall Bruce Mathers III)‏، والمعروف فنيا باسم إمينيم (بالإنجليزية: Eminem)‏، (من مواليد 17 أكتوبر 1972؛ في سانت جوزيف (ميزوري)، الولايات المتحدة –) هو رابر، ومنتج أفلام، وملحن، وممثل، وكاتب سير ذاتية، وكاتب أغاني، ورجل أعمال، ومقدم برامج إذاعية، ومنتج أغاني أمريكي. اشتهر بمهارته في السجع وقدرته علي تغيير سرعته الشفوية، بحيث يؤقت أسلوبه ضمن الأغنية الواحدة دون أن يفشل في التوافق مع الإيقاع. مما مكنه من الحصول علي الكثير من الاحترام والتنويه من قبل زملائه، ومحبي أغاني الهيب هوب، ومعجبيه لمواهبه وتفانيه وعمله الجاد والمُتقن.

تعدت مبيعاته 160000000 ألبوم، 50000000 ألبوم منها في الولايات المتحدة وحدها فقط. يُعتبر إمينيم من أفضل مغني الراب مبيعا خلال العقد الماضي {عقد 2000} في العالم علي الإطلاق، حيث صنفته مجلة رولينغ ستون في المرتبة 83 ضمن قائمة أعظم الفنانين في التاريخ، كما أطلقت عليه سنة 2011 لقب ملك الراب بسبب الإنجازات التي حققها.

وخلال مشواره الفني حاز إمينيم علي أكثر من 244 جائزة و360 ترشيحاً، أبرزها جائزة الأوسكار لأفضل أغنية أصلية، 15 جائزة غرامي، 17 جائزة بيلبورد الموسيقية، 12 جائزة إم تي في الأغاني المصورة، 10 جوائز الموسيقى الأمريكية، 4 جوائز بريت وغيرها. ليكون بذلك أول وأكثر مغني راب فوزا علي الإطلاق. كما شكل إمينيم مع مكتشفه مغني الراب ومنتج الأغاني الأمريكي دكتور دري ثنائي ناجح فتح له باب الشهرة بمصراعيه في وقت قصير.

قوبل نجاحه الساحق وأسلوبه اللاذع في كلماته وكليباته الساخرة من بعض النجوم بوابل من الانتقادات من قبلهم ومن قبل العديد من المنظمات الحقوقية، أبزرها منظمة جلاد (منظمة تحالف المثليين والمثليات ضد التشهير)، خصوصا منذ إطلاقه لألبوم ذا مارشال ماذرز إل بي في يونيو 2000 الذي رد فيه علي كل من انتقده، ورشحه لأربعة جوائز غرامي، من بينها جائزة أفضل ألبوم في السنة. وبينما كان يتفادي تدخل أغانيه بالسياسة، أصدر إمينيم أغنية "موش"، والتي انتقد فيها الرئيس جورج دبليو بوش بقسوة وصلت لحد إهانة الرئيس بكلمات نابية، وكان ذلك في أواخر 2004 قبل الانتخابات الرئاسية. أصدر ألبومه إنكور في وقت لاحق من ذلك العام، ثم أصدر ألبومين علي التوالي وهما نداء الستائر: ذا هيتس؛ وهو عبارة عن مجموعة من أنجح أغانيه، وإمينيم يقدم: ذا ري-أب الذي يُعتبر مجموعة من الريمكسات وأغاني لمغنيين آخرين في بداية طريقهم إلي الفن.

ولد مارشال بروس ماذرز الثالث المعروف باسم إمينيم في 17 أكتوبر 1972، في سانت جوزيف، كانساس سيتي (ميزوري)، حيث يعد الطفل الوحيد لدي "مارشال بروس ماذرز جونيور" (مواليد 30 يونيو 1951، والمعروف باسم "بروس"، توفي في 26 يونيو 2019) و"ديبورا راي نيلسون" (مواليد 6 يناير 1955، والمعروفة باسم "ديبي"). كانت والدة إمينيم "ديبي" في 14 من العمر عندما التقت بوالده "بروس" البالغ من العمر 18 عاما أنذاك، وفي سن السابعة عشر أنجبت "ديبي" ابنها، بعد أن نجت بأعجوبة من الموت أثناء الولادة.

مراجع

https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%85

 Eminem

Marshall Bruce Mathers III (born October 17, 1972), known professionally as Eminem (/ˌɛmɪˈnɛm/; often stylized as EMINƎM), is an American rapper, songwriter, and record producer. Credited with popularizing hip hop in Middle America, Eminem's global success and acclaimed works are widely regarded as having broken racial barriers for the acceptance of white rappers in popular music. While much of his transgressive work during the early 2000s made him hugely controversial, he came to be a representation of popular angst and the American underclass. He has been influential for many artists of various genres and is often cited as one of the greatest rappers of all time. 

After his debut album Infinite (1996) and the extended play Slim Shady EP (1997), Eminem signed with Dr. Dre's Aftermath Entertainment and subsequently achieved mainstream popularity in 1999 with The Slim Shady LP. His next two releases The Marshall Mathers LP (2000) and The Eminem Show (2002) were worldwide successes and were both nominated for the Grammy Award for Album of the Year. After the release of what was considered to be his final album, Encore (2004), Eminem went on hiatus in 2005 partly due to a prescription drug addiction.  He returned to the music industry four years later with the release of Relapse (2009), and Recovery was released the following year. Recovery was the best-selling album worldwide of 2010, making it Eminem's second album, after The Eminem Show in 2002, to be the best-selling album of the year worldwide. In the following years, he released the US number one albums The Marshall Mathers LP 2, Revival, Kamikaze and Music to Be Murdered By.

Eminem made his debut in the motion picture industry with the musical drama film 8 Mile (2002), playing a fictionalized version of himself, which won the Academy Award for Best Original Song for "Lose Yourself", making him the first hip hop artist to ever win the award.[5] He has made cameo appearances in the films The Wash (2001), Funny People (2009), and The Interview (2014), and the television series Entourage (2010). Eminem has developed other ventures, including Shady Records, with manager Paul Rosenberg, which helped launch the careers of artists such as 50 Cent, Yelawolf and Obie Trice, among others. He has also established his own channel, Shade 45, on Sirius XM Radio. In addition to his solo career, Eminem was a member of the hip hop group D12. He is also known for collaborations with fellow Detroit-based rapper Royce da 5'9"; the two are collectively known as Bad Meets Evil.

Eminem is among the best-selling music artists of all time, with estimated worldwide sales of more than 220 million records. He was the best-selling music artist in the United States of the 2000s and the best-selling male music artist in the United States of the 2010s. Billboard named him the "Artist of the Decade (2000–2009)". The Marshall Mathers LP, The Eminem Show, "Lose Yourself", "Love the Way You Lie" and "Not Afraid" have all been certified Diamond or higher by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)  Rolling Stone included him in its lists of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time and the 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time. He has won numerous awards, including 15 Grammy Awards, eight American Music Awards, 17 Billboard Music Awards, an Academy Award and a MTV Europe Music Global Icon Award. He has had ten number one albums on the Billboard 200, which all consecutively debuted at number one on the chart making him the only artist to achieve this, and five number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eminem

 مالي

مالي أو جمهورية مالي وهي دولة غير ساحلية في غرب أفريقيا. وتحدها الجزائر شمالا والنيجر شرقا وبوركينا فاسو وساحل العاج في الجنوب وغينيا من الغرب والجنوب، والسنغال وموريتانيا في الغرب. تزيد مساحتها عن 1,240,000 كم² ويبلغ عدد سكانها 14,5 مليون نسمة. عاصمتها باماكو. تتكون مالي من ثماني مناطق وحدودها الشمالية تصل إلى عمق الصحراء الكبرى، أما المنطقة الجنوبية من البلاد حيث يعيش فيها أغلبية السكان فيمر بها نهري النيجر والسنغال. ويتمحور التركيز الاقتصادي في البلاد حول الزراعة وصيد الأسماك. ويوجد في مالي بعض الموارد الطبيعية مثل الذهب واليورانيوم والملح.

مالي الحالية كانت ذات يوم جزءا من ثلاث امبراطوريات أفريقية غربية سيطرت على التجارة عبر الصحراء وهي مملكة غانا ومالي (منها سميت مالي) وصونغاي. استولت فرنسا على مالي أثناء الزحف على أفريقيا أواخر القرن التاسع عشر، وجعلتها جزءا من السودان الفرنسي. نالت السودان الفرنسية (سميت بعد ذلك باسم الجمهورية السودانية وهي ليست جمهورية السودان الحالية) استقلالها في سنة 1959 مكونة مع السنغال اتحاد مالي الذي ما لبث أن انحل عقده بعد عام في أعقاب انسحاب السنغال، فسمت الجمهورية السودانية نفسها باسم جمهورية مالي. ثم بعد ذلك أي بعد فترة طويلة من حكم الحزب الواحد حصل انقلاب في تلك الجمهورية سنة 1991 أدى إلى كتابة دستور جديد وإنشاء دولة مالي كدولة ديمقراطية متعددة الأحزاب. حوالي نصف السكان يعيشون تحت خط الفقر أي أقل من 1.25 دولار في اليوم.

كانت قبائل سونينكي وماندينغا (أو "ماندينجو" أو "مالينغي")، قد انفصلت عن واغادو (غانا) عام 1230 م. حيث قام قائد ماندينكا سوندياتا كيتا، بتكوين اتحاد للقبائل في الوادي الخصيب بأعالي نهر النيجر وجعل جيرانه تحت سيطرته مؤسساً إمبراطورية مالي وكانت أكبر من مملكة غانا. وأثناء أوجها امتدت من ساحل المحيط الأطلنطي بالغرب إلى ماوراء تخوم منحني نهر النيجر بالشرق. ومن حقول الذهب في غينيا بالجنوب إلي محط القوافل التجارية عبر الصحراء بالشمال. وكان إمبراطورها مانسا موسى قد حج لمكة عام 1324 م. عبْر القاهرة واستقبله المماليك في القاهرة بحفاوة بالغة. وقد انخفض سعر الذهب بالعالم اثر رحلة الحج تلك لكثرة ما وزع من ذهب على طول الرحلة. وفي هذه السنة أصبحت العاصمة تمبكتو بجنوب غرب نهر النيجر مركز تجارة الذهب وتعليم الإسلام. وفي اواخر القرن 14 استقلت الأقاليم الخارجية. ومن جنوب منحني نهر النيجر هامت قبائل موسي قلب الإمبراطورية واستولى الطوارق بدو جنوب الصحراء الكبرى على تمبكتو العاصمة. وفي سنة 1500 امتد حكم مالي لمناطق بأعالي نهر النيجر. مالي دولة قامت وبدأت من بقايا الفنيقيين والأمازيغ وكانت تمبكتو هي عاصمة مالي منذ انشاها وكلمة تمبوكتو كلمة أمازيغية وهي في الأصل تين ايبوكتن وهي ما يجمع فيه المزارعين الدخن بعد حصاده وقامت مملكة بعد اتحاد بين الأمازيغ وبقايا الفنيقين الذين خرجو منهم الطوارق وهم الذين أصبحو بدو الصحراء الغربية والذين ينسبون اصلهم لتين هينان والتي كانت ابنة أحد ملوك المغرب العربي والذي كان من البربر ويوجد قبرها في الجزائر في منطقة جبال الأهجار وقد امتدت مملكة مالي حتى حدود مملكة دارفور قديما

المراجع

https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A

جوزيه دانيال كارينيو

 خوسيه دانييل كارينيو إزكييردو (بالإسبانية: José Daniel Carreño Izquierdo)‏ من مواليد 1 مايو 1963. هو مدرب كرة قدم من الأوروغواي حالياً مع نادي الوحدة ، ومن المعروف بلقب (إل كريسبو وتعني بالإسبانية المجعد) لعب كارينيو معظم مسيرته الكروية كمهاجم في نادي مونتيفيديو واندررز، ولعب أيضا في نادي لنس ونادي ناسيونال الذي فاز معه بكأس الإنتركونتيننتال وكأس ليبرتادوريس.

آخر بطولاته التي حققها كمدرب كانت في عام 2013-2014 مع نادي النصر السعودي :

1- بطولة الدوري للمحترفين بـ 65 نقطة .

2- كأس ولي العهد للمحترفين .

3- بطولة بني ياس الدولية .

المراجع

https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88

 زينه مكي

زينة مكي (4 أبريل 1990-) ممثلة و مخرجة لبنانية.

ولدت في الكويت، ثم عادت إلى لبنان عند بلوغها 18. درست كتابة السيناريو والإخراج في "جامعة سيدة اللويزة".لديها أدوار تمثيلية في أكثر من 10 أفلام قصيرة، ودور بطولة في فيلم طويل بعنوان حبة لولو فازت بجائزة أفضل فيلم وثائقي قصير في "مهرجان موناكو" 2012 عن فيلم "انحنى دون أن ينكسر".  كما أنها أدت دور البطولة في مسلسل درب الياسمين إلى جانب الممثل باسم مغنية، والذي عُرض في رمضان 2015. لعبت دور يمنى، في مسلسل ما فيي 2019.

المراجع

https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%83%D9%8A

 يوليوس لوثر ماير

يوليوس لوثر ماير (بالألمانية: Julius Lothar von Meyer C)‏ (1830 – 1895م). عالم كيمياء ألماني، أظهر العلاقة بين الأوزان الذرية وخواص العناصر. أدى عمله وعمل العالم. الكيميائي الروسي ديميتري مندلييف إلى تطوير جدول دوري للعناصر، حيث تقع العناصر في مجموعات طبقًا لأوزانها الذرية وخواصها. واستنتج ماير أن العناصر تتكون من أنواع عديدة من الجسيمات الأصغر. ودفعت هذه الفكرة أشخاصًا آخرين لدراسة البناء الذري. ولد ماير في توبنغن عام 1830. كما أثبت وجود علاقة بين الكتل الذرية، وخواص العناصر ورتب العناصر تصاعدياً وفق الكتل الذرية.

مراجع

https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1

 Bill Morneau

William Francis "Bill" Morneau Jr., PC (born October 7, 1962) is a Canadian businessman and former politician who served as the 39th minister of finance, and represented the riding of Toronto Centre as a member of Parliament (MP) from 2015 as a member of the Liberal Party, until his resignation in 2020.

Morneau was executive chairman of the company founded by his father, and Canada's largest human resources firm, Morneau Shepell, and the former chair of the C. D. Howe Institute. He has also served as the chair of the board at St. Michael's Hospital, and Covenant House. Morneau holds a BA from the University of Western Ontario, an MBA from INSEAD, and an MSc (Econ) from the London School of Economics (LSE).

Morneau was elected to the House of Commons in the 2015 Canadian federal election in Toronto Centre. From November 4, 2015 to August 17, 2020, he served as minister of finance.  Between April 26, 2019 and November 20, 2019, Morneau also took on the responsibilities of minister of intergovernmental affairs and internal trade

Morneau's parents are William Francis "Frank" Morneau Sr. who came from Walkerville, Windsor, Ontario, and Helen (Lynch) Morneau, who came from Adjala Township, Alliston, Ontario. Their families had deep roots in both areas. Bill Morneau's father, Frank Morneau, founded the actuarial and benefit consulting firm W.F. Morneau & Associates in 1966.

Morneau was born in Toronto at St. Joseph's Health Centre and attended Senator O'Connor College School.[6] From 1981 to 1986, Morneau attended the University of Western Ontario and completed an Honours BA as an undergraduate, he spent one year at the University of Grenoble in France. He then earned an MBA from INSEAD. Morneau eventually went on to earn an M.Sc. in Economics from the London School of Economics (LSE).

He lives in Toronto with his wife Nancy McCain, a member of the New Brunswick family which owns McCain Foods, and has four children - Henry, Clare, Edward and Grace.  Grace is originally from Northern Uganda, and the couple sponsored her to join their family in 2010. 

Morneau and his wife are well-known philanthropists with a history of significant donations to international development programs.  This has included the founding of a school for refugee girls in Kakuma refugee camp, and the creation of a scholarship program for refugee girls at the University of Toronto. 

According to the office of the conflict of interest and ethics commissioner public registry, Morneau's assets are currently held in a blind trust and his wife, Nancy McCain, is the beneficiary and owner of various holding companies

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Morneau

 Marble Canyon

Marble Canyon is the section of the Colorado River canyon in northern Arizona from Lee's Ferry to the confluence with the Little Colorado River, which marks the beginning of the Grand Canyon.

Lee's Ferry is a common launching point for river runners starting their journey through Marble Canyon and then onward to the Grand Canyon. Marble Canyon is also well known for the Navajo Bridge, where US Highway 89A crosses the Colorado River.

Marble Canyon marks the western boundary of the Navajo Nation. In 1975, the former Marble Canyon National Monument, which followed the Colorado River northeast from the Grand Canyon to Lee's Ferry, was made part of Grand Canyon National Park.

The name Marble Canyon is a misnomer because there is no marble there. Although John Wesley Powell knew this when he named the canyon, he thought the polished limestone looked like marble. In his words, "The limestone of the canyon is often polished, and makes a beautiful marble. Sometimes the rocks are of many colors - white, gray, pink, and purple, with saffron tints."

Marble Canyon is the site of one of the last great proposed dam projects on the Colorado, the Marble Canyon Dam. Proposed and investigated in the early 1950s by the United States Bureau of Reclamation,  the proposal met substantial opposition, notably from the Sierra Club, when a revived proposal was considered by the state of Arizona as part of the Central Arizona Project from 1965 to 1968. The proposed dam was finally abandoned in 1968. Exploratory holes, which were drilled in the Redwall Limestone of the canyon walls in an early phase of the abortive project, can still be seen at Mile 39.2

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marble_Canyon

 Death Valley

Death Valley is a desert valley in Eastern California, in the northern Mojave Desert, bordering the Great Basin Desert. It is one of the hottest places on Earth, along with deserts in the Middle East and the Sahara. 

Death Valley's Badwater Basin is the point of lowest elevation in North America, at 282 feet (86 m) below sea level.  It is 84.6 miles (136.2 km) east-southeast of Mount Whitney, the highest point in the contiguous United States, with an elevation of 14,505 feet (4,421 m).  On the afternoon of July 10, 1913, the United States Weather Bureau recorded a high temperature of 134 °F (56.7 °C) at Furnace Creek in Death Valley,  which stands as the highest ambient air temperature ever recorded at the surface of the Earth.  This reading, however, and several others taken in that period, a century ago, are in dispute by some modern experts.  On 16 August 2020 a temperature 130 °F (54.4 °C) was recorded at the US-NWS automated weather station at Furnace Creek, which, if confirmed, is the hottest 

Lying mostly in Inyo County, California, near the border of California and Nevada, in the Great Basin, east of the Sierra Nevada mountains, Death Valley constitutes much of Death Valley National Park and is the principal feature of the Mojave and Colorado Deserts Biosphere Reserve. It runs from north to south between the Amargosa Range on the east and the Panamint Range on the west; the Grapevine Mountains and the Owlshead Mountains form its northern and southern boundaries, respectively.  It has an area of about 3,000 sq mi (7,800 km2).  The highest point in Death Valley National Park is Telescope Peak, in the Panamint Range, which has an elevation of 11,043 feet (3,366 m)

In 2005, Death Valley received four times its average annual rainfall of 1.5 inches (38 mm). As it has done before for hundreds of years, the lowest spot in the valley filled with a wide, shallow lake, but the extreme heat and aridity immediately began evaporating the ephemeral lake.

The pair of images (seen at right) from NASA's Landsat 5 satellite documents the short history of Death Valley's Lake Badwater: formed in February 2005 (top) and evaporated by February 2007 (bottom). In 2005, a big pool of greenish water stretched most of the way across the valley floor. By May 2005 the valley floor had resumed its more familiar role as Badwater Basin, a salt-coated salt flats. In time, this freshly dissolved and recrystallized salt will darken. 

The western margin of Death Valley is traced by alluvial fans. During flash floods, rainfall from the steep mountains to the west pours through narrow canyons, picking up everything from fine clay to large rocks. When these torrents reach the mouths of the canyons, they widen and slow, branching out into distributary channels. The paler the fans, the younger they are.

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_Valley

 Jam Master Jay

Jason William Mizell (January 21, 1965 – October 30, 2002), better known by his stage name Jam Master Jay, was an American musician and DJ. He was the DJ of the influential hip hop group Run-D.M.C. During the 1980s, Run-D.M.C. became one of the biggest hip hop groups and are credited with breaking hip hop into mainstream music

Jason Mizell was born in Brooklyn, New York City,  the son of Jesse Mizell and Connie Thompson Mizell  (later Connie Mizell-Perry)  whose other children are Marvin L. Thompson and Bonita Jones. 

At age 3, Jason began playing trumpet. He learned to play bass, guitar, and drums. He performed at his church and in various bands prior to discovering turntablism.  After he and his family moved to Hollis, Queens, New York City in 1975 at the age of 10, he discovered the turntables and started DJing at the age of 13.  For a time, he lived in Atlantic City, New Jersey, where turntablism pioneer DJ Def Lou Hauck    taught him to crossfade.  He caught on quickly because of his musical experience and after a year of DJing he felt that he was good enough to play in front of people.  Originally calling himself Jazzy Jase, he attended high school at Andrew Jackson High School in Queens

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jam_Master_Jay

 إيفا لانغوريا

إيفا لانغوريا (بالإنجليزية: Eva Longoria)‏ هي ممثلة أمريكية . ولدت في 15 مارس 1975 في كوربوس كريستي بولايات تكساس. تزوجت لاعب كرة سلة توني باركير بتاريخ 07/07/2007.

في العام 1998، عند ما درست في جامعة تكساس، انتُخِبت أجمل امرأة في كوربوس كريستي (Corpus Cristie). بعد هذا، ذهبت إلى لوس أنجلوس ومثلت في عدد من المسلسلات تلفزيونية. في العام 2004، اشتهرت بدور غابريال سوليس في مسلسل تلفزيوني ربات بيوت يائسات.

إلى جانب ذلك، فهي عارضة أزياء في شركة مستحضرات التجميل لوريال منذ العام 2005.

مراجع

https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A7_%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7

 Eva Longoria

Eva Jacqueline Bastón  (née Longoria; born March 15, 1975) is an American actress, producer, director, activist, and businesswoman. After a number of guest roles on several television series, Longoria was recognized for her portrayal of Isabella Braña on the CBS daytime soap opera The Young and the Restless, on which she starred from 2001 to 2003. She is most known for her role as Gabrielle Solis on the television series Desperate Housewives, which ran from 2004 to 2012 and for which she received Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Award nominations. She has also appeared in The Sentinel (2006), Over Her Dead Body (2008), For Greater Glory (2012), Frontera (2014), Lowriders (2016), and Overboard (2018). From 2015 to 2016, Longoria starred as Ana Sofia Calderón on the short-lived NBC sitcom Telenovela, and served as an executive producer for the Lifetime television series Devious Maids. She has also served as an executive producer of social issue documentaries, including Food Chains and The Harvest.

Longoria has appeared in several advertising campaigns. She has been named one of Hollywood's most beautiful women by several publications, including People en Español and People magazines. She currently holds modeling contracts with L'Oréal and New York & Co, among others.

In March 2008, Longoria opened the restaurant Beso (which means "kiss" in Spanish) in Hollywood, along with partner and celebrity chef Todd English. The restaurant is located on Hollywood Boulevard and is accompanied by Kiss, a Victorian-themed nightclub on the floor above.  The Hollywood Beso was scheduled to be the focus of a pilot episode for a tentative reality series called Beso: Waiting on Fame, to air on VH1 in late 2010.  In 2009, Longoria and various investor-partners opened a Beso restaurant, with a nightclub called Eve above it, in the Crystals retail and entertainment district of CityCenter in Las Vegas. 

In 2011, the corporation Beso LLC, owner of the Vegas restaurant-and-nightclub venture, with listed assets of about $2.5 million and Longoria as a 32 percent shareholder, filed for Chapter 11 protection, entering bankruptcy proceedings, in order to restructure nearly $5.7 million in debt and other liabilities.  On July 28, 2011, the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for Nevada ordered Longoria to appear in Las Vegas on August 20 in order to be examined about the bankrupt restaurant's finances. 

Her first book, Eva's Kitchen: Cooking with Love for Family and Friends, was published in April 2011.  In terms of food-related promotions, in 2012 and 2013, Longoria paired with Iron Chef Michael Symon for a promotion for PepsiCo's Lay's potato chips contest called "Do Us A Flavor". The promotion encourages consumers to submit new flavor ideas and fans to vote for their favorite on Facebook. The person who creates the winning flavor is awarded $1 million or one percent of chip flavor's net sales. 

In 2015, Longoria announced that she had teamed up with sportswear manufacturer Sunrise Brands to create a women's apparel collection, set to launch Fall 2016. 

In March 2017, Eva Longoria launched her clothing line website on her official site.

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eva_Longoria

 Google Meet

Google Meet is a video-communication service developed by Google.   It is one of two apps that constitute the replacement for Google Hangouts, the other being Google Chat. Google planned to begin retiring Google Hangouts in October 2019. 

In March 2020, Google began offering Meet's advanced features that previously required an enterprise account to anyone using G Suite or G Suite for Education until September 2020, as well as offering access to the service to personal Google accounts for the first time.  The use of Meet grew by a factor of 30 between January and April of 2020, with 100 million users a day accessing Meet, compared to 200 million daily uses for Zoom as of the last week of April 2020. 

Free Meet calls can only have a single host and up to 100 participants, compared to the 250-caller limit for G Suite users  and the 25-participant limit for Hangouts.  Unlike business calls with Meet, consumer calls are not recorded and stored and the company states that consumer data from Meet will not be used for advertisement targeting.  While call data is reportedly not being used for advertising purposes, based on an analysis of Meet's privacy policy, Google reserves the right to collect data on call duration, who is participating, and participants' IP addresses. 

Users need a Google account to initiate calls  and like G Suite users, anyone with a Google account is able to start a Meet call from within Gmail.  Free meet calls have no time limit, but will be limited to 60 minutes starting in September 2020. For security reasons, hosts can deny entry and remove users during a call.  As of April 2020, Google plans to roll out a noise cancelling audio filter and a low-light mode 

Google Meet uses proprietary protocols for video, audio and data transcoding. However, Google has partnered with the company Pexip to provide interoperability between Google Meet and SIP/H.323-based conferencing equipment and software.

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Meet

 Donovan Mitchell

Donovan Vernell Mitchell Jr.  (born September 7, 1996) is an American professional basketball player for the Utah Jazz of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Louisville Cardinals. He was selected by the Denver Nuggets with the 13th overall pick in the 2017 NBA draft and was traded on draft night to the Utah Jazz. During his rookie season, Mitchell was named to the NBA All-Rookie First Team and won the 2018 Slam Dunk Contest.

Mitchell was born on September 7, 1996, to parents Donovan Sr. and Nicole; it was in Elmsford, New York, where he was also raised.  With his father serving as a director of players relations for the New York Mets, he spent his childhood around Major League Baseball locker rooms. At seven years old, he looked up to star pitcher of the Mets' minor-league system Scott Kazmir and later to David Wright, who was the first poster he hung on his wall.  Mitchell has one younger sister named Jordan.  He played AAU basketball for both The City and the Riverside Hawks programs out of New York City.  In 2010, Mitchell was present at the Boys and Girls Club of Greenwich when LeBron James announced to the world his decision to sign with the Miami Heat.

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donovan_Mitchell

 NBA Playoffs

The NBA playoffs are a best-of-seven elimination tournament annually held after the National Basketball Association (NBA)’s regular season to determine the league's champion.

In September 2015, the NBA announced changes to the format of the NBA playoffs that would begin with the 2016 NBA playoffs. The top eight teams in each conference (East and West), ranked in order by win-loss records, qualify for the playoffs. The tie-break criteria for playoff seeding and home-court advantage have also changed; head-to-head results between the tied teams is the first tie-breaker, and whether a team won its division championship is the second tie-breaker. 

Both conferences conduct the playoffs in the traditional bracket format. All rounds are best-of-seven series. Series are played in the 2–2–1–1–1 format, meaning the team with home-court advantage hosts games 1, 2, 5, and 7, while their opponent hosts games 3, 4, and 6, with games 5–7 being played if needed. Once the playoffs start, the bracket is fixed; teams are never "reseeded", unlike in the National Football League (NFL) where the strongest remaining teams face the weakest teams in subsequent rounds. This format has been used since 2014, after NBA team owners unanimously voted to change the format of the NBA finals from the 2–3–2 format on October 23, 2013. 

The most common criticism of the current structure is related to parity of conferences. On numerous occasions, Eastern Conference teams with losing records qualified for the playoffs, while Western Conference teams with winning records ended up missing them, including the 2011, 2013 and the 2015 NBA playoffs. Weaker Eastern Conference teams also often make it farther in the playoffs due to the conference imbalance.

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBA_playoffs

 Andrew Cuomo

Andrew Mark Cuomo (/ˈkwoʊmoʊ/; Italian: [ˈkwɔːmo]; born December 6, 1957) is an American politician, author, and lawyer serving as the 56th governor of New York since 2011. A member of the Democratic Party, he was elected to the same position his father, Mario Cuomo, held for three terms. He has served as Chair of the National Governors Association since August 2020.

Born in New York City, Cuomo is a graduate of Fordham University and Albany Law School of Union University, New York. He began his career working as the campaign manager for his father, then as an assistant district attorney in New York City before entering private law practice. He founded Housing Enterprise for the Less Privileged (HELP USA) and was appointed chair of the New York City Homeless Commission, a position he held from 1990 to 1993.

In 1993, Cuomo joined the Clinton Administration as Assistant Secretary for Community Planning and Development in the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. From 1997 to 2001, he served as the U.S. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. In 2006, Cuomo was elected Attorney General of New York. Cuomo won the 2010 New York gubernatorial election to become Governor of New York and has been reelected twice after winning primaries against liberal challengers Zephyr Teachout (2014) and Cynthia Nixon (2018).

During his governorship, Cuomo oversaw the passage of the 2011 Marriage Equality Act, introducing same-sex marriage in New York, and the 2014 Compassionate Care Act, legalizing medical marijuana. In response to the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting and the 2012 Webster shooting, Cuomo signed the NY SAFE Act of 2013, the strictest gun control law in the United States. He co-founded the United States Climate Alliance, a group of states committed to fighting climate change by following the terms of the Paris Climate Accords. He also delivered Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act; a 2011 tax code that raised taxes for the wealthy and lowered taxes for the middle class; 12-week paid family leave along with a gradual increase of the state's minimum wage to $15;  and pay equity.  Cuomo received national attention for his handling of the Coronavirus pandemic in New York.

Cuomo was born December 6, 1957, in the Queens borough of New York City,  to lawyer and later governor of New York Mario Cuomo and Matilda (née Raffa).  His parents were both of Italian descent; his paternal grandparents were from Nocera Inferiore and Tramonti in the Campania region of southern Italy, while his maternal grandparents were from Sicily (his grandfather from Messina).  He has four siblings;  his younger brother, Chris Cuomo, is a CNN journalist. His elder sister is noted radiologist Margaret Cuomo. 

He graduated from St. Gerard Majella's School in 1971  and Archbishop Molloy High School in 1975.  He received a B.A. from Fordham University in 1979, and a J.D. from Albany Law School in 1982

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Cuomo

 Amavasya

Amāvásyā (Sanskrit: अमावस्या) means the lunar phase of the New moon in Sanskrit. Ancient Babylonian, Greek and Indian calendars used 30 lunar phases, called tithi in India.  The dark moon tithi is when the Moon is within the 12 degrees of angular distance between the Sun and Moon before conjunction (syzygy).  The New Moon tithi (called Pratipada or Prathama) is the 12 angular degrees after syzygy. Amāvásyā is often translated as new moon since there is no standard term for the Moon before conjunction in English.

In Sanskrit, "amā" means "together" and "vásya" means "to dwell" or "cohabit". It also means "na" +"ma"+"asya" meaning to "na" = "No, "ma"=Moon, "Asya"="There" in turn meaning to There is no Moon i.e., Moon is not visible.

In the pūrṇimānta māna Hindu lunar calendar used in most parts of the Indian subcontinent, the lunar month starts on the day following the full moon or purnima and therefore Amāvásyā always falls in the middle of the month. However, in the amānta māna calendar used in some places, the lunar month starts on the day of the new moon, making Amāvásyā the last day of the lunar month in those places. Many festivals, the most famous being Diwali (the festival of lights), are observed on Amāvásyā. Many Hindus fast on Amāvásyā.

Few Pancha-Gauda Brahmins have month from next day of Purnima (day) to Purnima (day), that is Purnima is last 29/30 days (Purnimanta). Pancha-Dravida have month from next day of Amavasya to Amavasya . Amavasya is last 29/30 days (Amanta) . Śhukla paksha is called as the bright half as the Moon changes from New Moon to Full Moon while in Krishna paksha it changes from Full Moon to New Moon. Hence it is seen that same Amavasya has same festival all over the country. Ujjain, Allahabad, Orissa, Bihar Brahmins are one few Pancha-Gauda Brahmins have month from 1 day after Purnima (day) to Purnima (day)(Purnimanta), While the people of Karnataka, Maharashtra, Goa, Gujarat, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh the Pancha-Dravida have month from 1 day after Amavasya to Amavasya. Amavasya is last 29/30 days (Amanta). Since Kanchipuram Mutt where the Adi Shankara lived and all the Pancha-Gauda and Pancha-Dravida use to visit hence Tamil Nadu developed a mixture of Panchangam and saka calendar. Similarly the place where Pancha-Gauda and Pancha-Dravida are living together as Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Southern Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh also show the mixtures. Also the people following Jainism follow Pancha-Dravida calendar, Amavasya is last 29/30 days. 

In old Indian culture and beliefs, irrespective of religions, Amavasya is considered a time of great power. In Tamil, though Amavasai is commonly used in religious spheres, the pure Tamil scholars prefer the term Puthuppi Rai  Fast is observed to propitiate both the Sun and Moon Gods.  Except for the Karttika Amavasya (Amavasya of Diwali), the Amavasya is considered inauspicious.

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amavasya

 Gulzar

Sampooran Singh Kalra (born 18 August 1934), known professionally as Gulzar, is an Indian lyricist, poet, author, screenwriter, and film director.  He started his career with music director S.D. Burman as a lyricist in the 1963 film Bandini and worked with many music directors including R. D. Burman, Salil Chowdhury, Vishal Bhardwaj and A. R. Rahman. He was awarded Padma Bhushan in 2004, the third-highest civilian award in India,  the Sahitya Akademi Award and the Dadasaheb Phalke Award — the highest award in Indian cinema. He has won several Indian National Film Awards, 21 Filmfare Awards, one Academy Award and one Grammy Award. 

Gulzar also writes poetry, dialogues and scripts. He directed films such as Aandhi and Mausam during the 1970s and the TV series Mirza Ghalib in the 1980s. He also directed Kirdaar in 1993.

Gulzar was born in a Kalra Sikh family, to Makhan Singh Kalra and Sujan Kaur, in Dina, Jhelum District, British India (present-day Pakistan). In school, he had read translations of the works of Tagore which he recounted as one of his life's many turning points. Due to the partition, his family split and he had to stop his studies and come to Mumbai (then called Bombay) to support his family. Sampooran took up many small jobs in Mumbai to eke out a living, including one at a garage at Vichare motors on Bellasis road (Mumbai).  There he used to touch up accident-damaged cars by mixing shades of paint, in his own words "I had a knack for colours". His father rebuked him for being a writer initially. He took the pen name Gulzar Deenvi and later simply Gulzar.  In an interview with Rajyasabha TV, he recounted enjoying his work as a painter as it allowed him a lot of time to simultaneously read, write, attend college and be involved with the PWA (Progressive Writers Association)

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulzar

 Subhas Chandra Bose

(23 January 1897 – 18 August 1945)[9][g] was an Indian nationalist whose defiant patriotism made him a hero in India,  but whose attempt during World War II to rid India of British rule with the help of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan left a troubled legacy. [m] The honorific Netaji (Hindustani: "Respected Leader"), first applied in early 1942 to Bose in Germany by the Indian soldiers of the Indische Legion and by the German and Indian officials in the Special Bureau for India in Berlin, was later used throughout India.[15][n]

Bose had been a leader of the younger, radical, wing of the Indian National Congress in the late 1920s and 1930s, rising to become Congress President in 1938 and 1939. However, he was ousted from Congress leadership positions in 1939 following differences with Mahatma Gandhi and the Congress high command.[17] He was subsequently placed under house arrest by the British before escaping from India in 1940.[18]

Bose arrived in Germany in April 1941, where the leadership offered unexpected, if sometimes ambivalent, sympathy for the cause of India's independence, contrasting starkly with its attitudes towards other colonised peoples and ethnic communities.[19][20] In November 1941, with German funds, a Free India Centre was set up in Berlin, and soon a Free India Radio, on which Bose broadcast nightly. A 3,000-strong Free India Legion, comprising Indians captured by Erwin Rommel's Afrika Korps, was also formed to aid in a possible future German land invasion of India.[21] By spring 1942, in light of Japanese victories in southeast Asia and changing German priorities, a German invasion of India became untenable, and Bose became keen to move to southeast Asia.[22] Adolf Hitler, during his only meeting with Bose in late May 1942, suggested the same, and offered to arrange for a submarine.[23] During this time Bose also became a father; his wife, [24] or companion,[25][p] Emilie Schenkl, whom he had met in 1934, gave birth to a baby girl in November 1942.[24][19] Identifying strongly with the Axis powers, and no longer apologetically, Bose boarded a German submarine in February 1943.[26][27] Off Madagascar, he was transferred to a Japanese submarine from which he disembarked in Japanese-held Sumatra in May 1943.[26]

With Japanese support, Bose revamped the Indian National Army (INA), then composed of Indian soldiers of the British Indian army who had been captured in the Battle of Singapore.  To these, after Bose's arrival, were added enlisting Indian civilians in Malaya and Singapore. The Japanese had come to support a number of puppet and provisional governments in the captured regions, such as those in Burma, the Philippines and Manchukuo. Before long the Provisional Government of Free India, presided by Bose, was formed in the Japanese-occupied Andaman and Nicobar Islands. [q] Bose had great drive and charisma—creating popular Indian slogans, such as "Jai Hind,"—and the INA under Bose was a model of diversity by region, ethnicity, religion, and even gender. However, Bose was regarded by the Japanese as being militarily unskilled [r] and his military effort was short-lived. In late 1944 and early 1945, the British Indian Army first halted and then devastatingly reversed the Japanese attack on India. Almost half the Japanese forces and fully half the participating INA contingent were killed [s] The INA was driven down the Malay Peninsula and surrendered with the recapture of Singapore. Bose had earlier chosen not to surrender with his forces or with the Japanese, but rather to escape to Manchuria with a view to seeking a future in the Soviet Union which he believed to be turning anti-British. He died from third-degree burns received when his plane crashed in Taiwan. [t] Some Indians, however, did not believe that the crash had occurred, [u] with many among them, especially in Bengal, believing that Bose would return to gain India's independence. 

The Indian National Congress, the main instrument of Indian nationalism, praised Bose's patriotism but distanced itself from his tactics and ideology,  especially his collaboration with fascism.  The British Raj, though never seriously threatened by the INA,  charged 300 INA officers with treason in the INA trials, but eventually backtracked in the face both of popular sentiment and of its own end. 

Subhas Chandra Bose was born on 23 January 1897 (at 12.10 pm) in Cuttack, Orissa Division, Bengal Province, to Prabhavati Dutt Bose and Janakinath Bose, an advocate belonging to a Kayastha  family.  He was the ninth in a family of 14 children. His family was well to do. 

He was admitted to the Protestant European School (presently Stewart High School) in Cuttack, like his brothers and sisters, in January 1902. He continued his studies at this school which was run by the Baptist Mission up to 1909 and then shifted to the Ravenshaw Collegiate School. After securing the second position in the matriculation examination in 1913, he was admitted to the Presidency College where he studied briefly.  He was influenced by the teachings of Swami Vivekananda and Ramakrishna after reading their works at the age of 16. He felt that his religion was more important than his studies. 

In those days, the British in Calcutta often made offensive remarks to the Indians in public places and insulted them openly. This behavior of the British as well as the outbreak of World War I began to influence his thinking. 

His nationalistic temperament came to light when he was expelled for assaulting Professor Oaten (who had manhandled some Indian students ) for the latter's anti-India comments. He was expelled although he appealed that he only witnessed the assault and did not actually participate in it.  He later joined the Scottish Church College at the University of Calcutta and passed his B.A. in 1918 in philosophy

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subhas_Chandra_Bose

 رونالد كومان

رونالد كومان (بالهولندية: Ronald Koeman)‏ ، من مواليد 21 مارس 1963 في زاندام في هولندا ، لاعب كرة قدم سابق ومدرب كرة قدم هولندي حالياً، وهو أخ إروين كومان.

بدأ رونالد مسيرته الاحترافية في عام 1980 مع نادي خرونيغين ، و لعب لهم حتى عام 1983 ، و شارك خلالها في 89 مباراة وسجل 33 هدف، وفي عام 1983 انتقل إلى نادي أياكس أمستردام الهولندي، ولعب لهم 64 مباراة وسجل 23 هدف، وفي عام 1986 انتقل إلى نادي بي أس في آيندهوفن الهولندي، ولعب لهم حتى عام 1989 ، و شارك خلالها في 98 مباراة وسجل 51 هدف، وفي عام 1989 انتقل إلى نادي برشلونة الإسباني، وقادهم إلى الفوز بدوري أبطال أوروبا للمرة الأولى في تاريخهم في عام 1992 ، و لعب معهم 192 مباراة وسجل خلالها 67 هدف، وفي عام 1995 انتقل إلى نادي فينورد الهولندي، ولعب معهم 61 مباراة وسجل 19 هدف وأعتزل كرة القدم في عام 1997..

و لعب كومان مع منتخب هولندا لكرة القدم منذ عام 1983 و حتى عام 1994 ، و شارك معهم في 78 مباراة وسجل 22 هدف، وأبرز إنجازاته مع المنتخب هو الفوز بكأس الأمم الأوروبية لكرة القدم 1988.

بدأ كومان مسيرته المهنية في نادي جرونينجن، أول ظهور له في سن ال 17 عاما و 183 يوما في الفوز 2-0 في الدوري الهولندي. هذا جعله ثالث أصغر لاعب في تاريخ النادي، بعد بييت Wildschut وبيرت سجل ثلاثة وثلاثون هدفا في تسعين مباراة في ثلاثة مواسم له في النادي المدافع الشاب تم استدعاؤهم من قبل فريق الوطني هولندا واصبح بطل الدوري الهولندي مع أياكس. بعد أن فشلت في الدفاع عن لقبه في الموسم الأول كومان في النادي، استعاد فريق أمستردام البطولة في 1984-1985. وشهد الموسم التالي يوهان كرويف يتولى منصب المدير الفني لفريق اياكس، وعلى الرغم من تسجيله 120 هدفا في 34 مباراة الدوري الهولندي والفوز بكأس الاتحاد الهولندي، تمكن أن ينهي فقط المركز الثاني في الدوري منافسيه خلف ايندهوفن.ن صيف عام 1986، كومان نقل لفي صفقة مثيرة للجدل إلى ايندهوفن للعب مع البطل. نحو نهاية الموسم 1986-1987، استقال كراي وحل محله جوس هيدينك، تحت إدارة منهم ايندهوفن متصدر الدوري تفوقت اياكس في الأسابيع الأخيرة من الموسم للدفاع عن لقب الدوري. يتمتع كومان المزيد من النجاح مع هيدينك وايندهوفن في المواسم التالية، كما فاز الفريق أيضا 1987-1988 و1988-1989 ألقاب الدوري الهولندي والنادي لأول مرة، وحتى الآن فقط، كأس أوروبا ضد بنفيكا في شتوتجارت يوم 25مايو 1988. ايندهوفن قد فاز أيضا كأس الاتحاد الهولندي في عامي 1988 و 1989، مما يجعل نجاحاتهم في العامين يضاعف ثلاث مرات والزوجي على التوالي. في كتابه ثلاثة مواسم في ايندهوفن، سجل كومان51 هدفا في 98 مباراة في الدوري، حيث بلغ متوسطها أكثر من هدف واحد في كل مباراتين. خلال 1987-1988، وسجل أعلى الموسم التهديف من مشواره مع الفريق، برصيد 21 هدفا وسجل في الدوري.

مصادر

https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86

 Ronald Koeman

 born 21 March 1963) is a Dutch retired footballer who has been manager of the Netherlands national team since 2018. He is the younger brother of his former international teammate Erwin Koeman and the son of former Dutch international Martin Koeman. Koeman was capable of playing both as a defender and as a midfielder; he frequently played as a sweeper, although he was equally known for his goalscoring, long–range shooting, and accuracy from free kicks and penalties.

Born in Zaandam, Koeman began his career at FC Groningen before transferring to the Netherlands' most successful club Ajax, where he won the national Eredivise title in 1984–85. He then joined Ajax's rivals PSV, winning three consecutive Eredivisie titles (1986–87, 1987–88 and 1988–89) and the European Cup in 1988. Ronald Koeman is one of five European players to ever win a Treble with their club and a cup with their national team in the same year. The other four players are his teammates Hans van Breukelen, Berry van Aerle, Gerald Vanenburg and Wim Kieft. In 1989, Koeman moved to Barcelona and became part of Johan Cruyff's "Dream Team", helping the club win La Liga four years in a row between 1991 and 1994, and the European Cup, where he scored the winning goal of the final against Sampdoria in 1992.

At international level, Koeman was one of the stars of the Netherlands national team, alongside Marco van Basten, Ruud Gullit, Frank Rijkaard and Dennis Bergkamp. During his career with the Netherlands, Koeman won UEFA Euro 1988 and played at the UEFA Euro 1992, 1990 and 1994 FIFA World Cups, captaining the team at the latter.

As a head coach, Koeman has won three Eredivisie titles: twice with Ajax (2001–02 and 2003–04) and once with PSV (2006–07). He is the only individual to have both played for and managed the "Big Three" of Dutch football: Ajax, PSV and Feyenoord.  Abroad, he had spells in Portugal with Benfica and Spain with Valencia, coaching Los Che to victory in the 2007–08 Copa del Rey,  and managed Premier League clubs Southampton and Everton in the 2010s.

Koeman started his professional career at FC Groningen, making his debut at the age of 17 years and 183 days in a 2–0 win over NEC in the Eredivisie. This made him the third-youngest player in the club's history, after Piet Wildschut and Bert de Voogt.  Thirty-three goals from ninety appearances in his three seasons at the club saw the young defender called up by the Netherlands national team and earn a transfer to Eredivisie champions Ajax. After failing to defend their title in Koeman's first season at the club, the Amsterdam team regained the championship in 1984–85. The following season saw Johan Cruyff take over as Ajax head coach and, despite scoring 120 goals in 34 Eredivisie matches and winning the KNVB Cup, de Godenzonen could only finish second in the league behind rivals PSV.

In the summer of 1986, Koeman controversially transferred to Eindhoven to play for Hans Kraay's champions. Towards the end of the 1986–87 season, Kraay resigned and was replaced by Guus Hiddink, under the management of whom PSV overtook league leaders Ajax in the final weeks of the season to defend their league title. Koeman enjoyed further success with Hiddink and PSV in the following seasons, as the team also won the 1987–88 and 1988–89 Eredivisie titles and the club's first, and to date only, European Cup against Benfica in Stuttgart on 25 May 1988. PSV had also won the KNVB Cup in both 1988 and 1989, making their successes in the two years trebles and doubles respectively. In his three seasons at PSV, Koeman scored 51 goals in 98 league appearances, averaging more than one goal every two matches. During 1987–88, he recorded the highest scoring season of his club career, with 21 goals scored in the league

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Koeman

 Enola Holmes

Enola Holmes is an upcoming 2020 British mystery film based on the book series of the same name by Nancy Springer. The film is directed by Harry Bradbeer and written by Jack Thorne. Millie Bobby Brown stars as the title character, while also serving as a producer on the film. Henry Cavill, Sam Claflin and Helena Bonham Carter also star.

Enola Holmes is scheduled to be released on September 23, 2020, by Netflix.

By February 2019, a film adaptation of the Nancy Springer book series was in development at Legendary Pictures, with Millie Bobby Brown producing and starring in the title role and Harry Bradbeer set to direct.  In June, Henry Cavill, Helena Bonham Carter, Adeel Akhtar and Fiona Shaw joined the cast  with Sam Claflin, Louis Partridge, Susie Wokoma and Burn Gorman joining in July as filming began in London  Filming also took place at Luton Hoo in Bedfordshire.

The Conan Doyle Estate filed a lawsuit against Netflix over the film, claiming it violates copyright by depicting Sherlock Holmes as having emotions, an aspect of the character which they argue does not fall under the public domain as he was only described as having emotions in stories published between 1923 to 1927, and the copyright for the stories published in that period still belong to the estate. 

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enola_Holmes_(film)