الأحد، 15 سبتمبر 2019

نيكول شيرزينغر

نيكول شيرزينغر (بالإنجليزية: Nicole Scherzinger)، ولدت في 29 يونيو 1978 هي مغنية بوب أمريكية، مؤلفة أغاني، راقصة، وعارضة أزياء، اشتهرت باعتبارها رئيسة فرقة البوسيكات دولز الموسيقية. اسم عائلتها شيرزينغر يأتي من اسم عائلة زوج والدتها. أشهر اغانيها: (Boomerang) (Dont hold your Breath) (Right there) التي غنتها مع المغني (50 Cent) وحققت مشاهدات عاليه في اليوتيوب وصلت إلى 79مليون (Try with me) (Baby Love feat. Will.I.Am) (Whatever U Like ft. T.I). (Poison) (Wet) وفي سنه 2013 حصلت على دعوه للغناء مع المغني اليطالي (Eros Ramazzotti) وكان اسم الأغنية (Fino All'Estasi) كذالك غنت مع المغني (Alex Gaudino) وكان اسم الأغنية (Missing You)

حياتها الشخصية
ولدت شيرزينغر في هونولولو، هاواي لأب فلبيني من أصل صيني وأم هاوايية/روسية. أمها كان عمرها 18 عاما عندما أنجبتها، وتطلقت من أبيها عندما كانت رضيعة. انتقلت العائلة إلى كنتاكي عندما كان عمر شيرزينغر 6 سنوات، مع والدتها وأختها وزوج والدتها الأمريكي من أصول ألمانية غاري شيرزينغر.

البوسيكات دولز

انضمت نيكول شيرزينغر إلى فرقة البوسيكات دولز في مايو 2003. التي تديرها روبن أنتن مديره اعمال الفرقة حققت الفرقة نجاحات عالمية منذ ذلك الوقت حيث وصلت الأغاني: "Don't Cha"،‏ "Buttons"،‏ "Stickwitu ‏ و"When I Grow Up" إلى ضمن مراتب الأغاني العشرة الأكثر شعبية في الولايات المتحدة.

Nicole Scherzinger

Nicole Scherzinger (/ˈʃɜːrzɪŋər/; born Nicole Prescovia Elikolani Valiente;[1] June 29, 1978) is an American singer, songwriter, dancer, actress and television personality. Born in Honolulu, Hawaii and raised in Louisville, Kentucky, she initially performed in high school plays, and studied at Wright State University before dropping out to pursue a musical career touring alongside American rock band Days of the New and through Popstars, became part of the short-lived girl group Eden's Crush. Scherzinger rose to fame as the lead singer of the Pussycat Dolls and released the albums PCD (2005) and Doll Domination (2008) becoming one of the world's best-selling girl groups of all time.

Following the group's breakup, Scherzinger successfully ventured into television winning the tenth season of Dancing with the Stars and becoming a judge on The Sing-Off and on both US and UK versions of The X Factor. Her debut studio album Killer Love (2011) was released to moderate success and was preceded by the number-one single "Don't Hold Your Breath". In 2014, Scherzinger released her second album Big Fat Lie and starred on the West End revival of the musical Cats for which she received a Laurence Olivier Award nomination for Best Actress in a Supporting Role. Since then, she shifted her focus back to television, winning I Can Do That (2015), co-hosting Best Time Ever with Neil Patrick Harris (2015), appearing as panelist on Bring the Noise (2015), and starring in the television film Dirty Dancing (2017). She is currently a judge on the Fox musical competition show The Masked Singer.

Throughout her career, she has sold over 16 million records as a solo artist,[2] and a further 54 million with the Pussycat Dolls.[3] Her other ventures include clothing lines, a fragrance and serves as an ambassador for the Special Olympics and supporter of UNICEF UK.[4]
Early life
Nicole Prescovia Elikolani Valiente was born in Honolulu, on the island of Oahu, Hawai'i, into a Catholic family on 29 June 1978.[5] Her father, Alfonso Valiente,[6] is of Filipino descent,[7] while her mother, Rosemary Elikolani, has Native Hawaiian, Samoan and Ukrainian ancestry.[8] Scherzinger's parents separated when she was still a baby. When she was six years old, her maternal family moved to Louisville, Kentucky,[9] with her sister, Keala, and her German American stepfather, Gary Scherzinger.[10][11] She took her stepfather's surname after he adopted her.[9] She first attended Bowen Elementary, and later attended Meyzeek Middle School as an adolescent. Scherzinger states that, growing up, her family did not have a lot of money, and she credits her mother for supporting her to become what she is today. Scherzinger began performing in Louisville, attending the Youth Performing Arts School at duPont Manual High School, and performing with Actors Theatre of Louisville.[9]

In 2007, she was inducted to DuPont Manual Alumni's Hall of Fame as one of the youngest inductees.[12] Since 2013, Scherzinger endowed her alma mater with a yearly $2,000, namesake scholarship.[13]

After earning her a scholarship of her own, she furthered her studies at Wright State University majoring in theater arts with a dance minor.[12] During this period, Scherzinger garnered the lead roles in regional productions of the musicals Chicago, Guys and Dolls and Show Boat.[14] In 2018, Scherzinger received the 2017 Alumna of the Year Award from the Wright State Alumni Association.[15]

Career
1999–2002: Career beginnings and Eden's Crush
In 1999, Scherzinger was hired by Days of the New band leader Travis Meeks to contribute vocals on their self-titled second studio album and later dropped out of college to tour through the US in support of the album.[16] Meeks claims that after touring, the two grew apart creatively and that despite being an "amazing entertainer", she "just didn't seem to understand music very well … she's just not much of a musician, nor [does she] understand music."[17]

Two years later, after her mother's suggestion, Scherzinger quit the band in order to audition on the WB's television show Popstars.[18] With the aim to chronicle the group's formation until the recording of their debut album,[19] Warner Bros. imprint London-Sire Records signed the group to a recording contract before the band was named and had finalized its membership, due to the hours of network television exposure the group would receive.[20] Initially hesitant at the idea of joining a group, she then opted otherwise as she saw it as an opportunity to travel to Los Angeles.[18] For her audition she sang Whitney Houston's version of "I Will Always Love You" and alongside Ana Maria Lombo, Maile Misajon, Ivette Sosa, and Rosanna Tavarez, established the girl group Eden's Crush.[21] Their debut single, "Get Over Yourself", was released in March 2001 and debuted at number eight on the Billboard Hot 100 and became the first female act to debut at number one on the Hot 100 Singles Sales chart.[22] Their debut studio album, Popstars (2001), debuted at number six on the Billboard 200 chart.[23] They went on to tour with 'N Sync and Jessica Simpson, but, by the end of the year, their label went bankrupt and the group disbanded.[24] During this time, will.i.am approached Scherzinger to become a member of the Black Eyed Peas, but she turned it down as her then-boyfriend declined.[25] In December 2002, Scherzinger worked with Yoshiki of Japanese heavy metal band X Japan on his Violet UK project. She sang the English version of "I'll Be Your Love" live with the Tokyo Symphonic Orchestra.[citation needed]

2003–2009: The Pussycat Dolls and Her Name is Nicole
In August 2003, opting for a solo recording contract, Scherzinger travelled to Arista Records office in New York with a demo CD, under her Hawaiian family name, Nicole Kea, of her own written material. Her performance was interrupted by a citywide blackout, and she was forced to leave. She also did a brief detour into acting which includes a cameo in the independent comedy Love Don't Cost a Thing.[26] Meanwhile, Robin Antin, the creator of the burlesque troupe, the Pussycat Dolls, struck a joint venture with Interscope Records and along with record producers Jimmy Iovine and Ron Fair, launched an open audition for a separate recording group.[27] After will.i.am recommended Scherzinger to Iovine,[25] and in hopes to obtain a solo deal, she successfully auditioned along with Melody Thornton joining Carmit Bachar, Ashley Roberts, Jessica Sutta and Kimberly Wyatt.[26][28] As the lead singer, Scherzinger assumed the majority of the vocals and is the only member of the group to have songwriting credits on their debut album, PCD which was released in September 2005.[28] The album was preceded by "Don't Cha" which became their international breakthrough, peaking at number two on the Billboard Hot 100.[29] The album spawned other number-one hits, "Stickwitu" and "Buttons", the latter of which was nominated for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals at the 49th Annual Grammy Awards.[30]

In February 2006, Scherzinger signed a global publishing agreement with Universal Music Publishing Group, which would cover her future songwriting.[31] Her work as lead singer furthered Scherzinger's popularity as she continued to work on her own music. Scherzinger's first solo recording was a feature on Avant's "Lie About Us" that was released in July 2006 and later collaborated with Diddy on "Come to Me" which became Scherzinger's first solo top-ten hit on the US Billboard Hot 100.[32] In March 2007, Scherzinger announced that her debut studio album would be titled Her Name is Nicole and was initially scheduled for a release in late summer.[28][33] Four singles were released from the project—"Whatever U Like" featuring T.I., "Baby Love" featuring will.i.am, "Supervillain", and "Puakenikeni"—however, all failed to make any significant impact on the Billboard charts,[28] although "Baby Love" was a moderate success in international territories. After a number of push backs,[26] Scherzinger decided not to release any further singles from the album and at her request, Her Name Is Nicole was eventually shelved and shifted back her focus on the Doll's second album.
The Pussycat Dolls' second and final album, Doll Domination was released in the United States on September 23, 2008 and peaked at number four on the Billboard 200.[36] The album included singles "When I Grow Up" and "I Hate This Part" which peaked at number nine and eleven on the Billboard Hot 100, respectively.[37] Both songs were originally recorded for Scherzinger's solo effort.[38] The following year, the group embarked on a worldwide concert tour, Doll Domination Tour which began on January 18, 2009.[39] While on tour, Scherzinger was asked to re-write pop version of "Jai Ho" from the film Slumdog Millionaire (2008).[40] The song was entitled "Jai Ho! (You Are My Destiny)" crediting A. R. Rahman and the Pussycat Dolls while Scherzinger was credited as a featured artist causing dissatisfaction within the group.[41] The song reached number one in 17 countries; in the US, it peaked at number fifteen on the Billboard Hot 100, after charging eighty-five places consequently making the largest weekly leap from number 100.[42] On April 5, 2009, Scherzinger performed "America the Beautiful" at Wrestlemania XXV, at the Reliant Stadium in Houston, Texas.[43] After the tour concluded in August 2009, the group announced a hiatus to further pursue solo careers.[44] In December 2009, Scherzinger was announced as the third judge joining Ben Folds and Boyz II Men band member Shawn Stockman on the first season of The Sing-Off.[45] She returned for the second season before being replaced by Sara Bareilles.[46]

2010–2013: Killer Love and The X Factor
In April 2010, she teamed up with clothing store C&A to launch her own collection of lingerie, shoes, handbags and jewellery at their stores in Brazil.[47] In May 2010, Scherzinger and her dance partner Derek Hough won the tenth season of Dancing with the Stars.[48] In August 2010, Scherzinger portrayed Maureen in the Hollywood Bowl production of the rock musical Rent, directed by Neil Patrick Harris.[49] Her performance in the musical received praise from critics,[50] Charles McNulty of the Los Angeles Times stated that "Scherzinger's powerhouse voice was meant for venues like the Bowl."[51] Meanwhile, following the departure of the four members, Scherzinger announced that she departed the Pussycat Dolls to focus on her solo career.[52]
Her debut studio album, Killer Love, was released on March 21, 2011 in the United Kingdom. The album experienced moderate success in certain territories; on the UK Albums Chart the album debuted and peaked at number eight and by November it sold 140,000 copies.[53] The album's second single, "Don't Hold Your Breath" became Scherzinger's first number-one single as a solo artist in the UK Singles Chart and singles, "Poison" and "Right There" both reached number three.[54] The latter one was remixed featuring 50 Cent and released as the lead single for the US version of Killer Love;[55] however the release was never materialized.[53] It peaked at number thirty-nine, remaining her highest charting single on the Billboard Hot 100 as a lead artist.[56] "Right There" also peaked inside the top ten in Australia.[57] Originally hired to co-host along with Steve Jones the first season of The X Factor US,[58] Scherzinger would later replace Cheryl Cole on the judging panel.[59] She later received further backlash and death threats after sending the result to deadlock in the quarter-final which resulted in Rachel Crow's elimination.[60] She mentored the Over 30s; her final act, Josh Krajcik, was named the runner-up of the season.[61] In December 2011, as part of the 25th anniversary of The Phantom of the Opera, Scherzinger performed the song of the same name at the Royal Variety Performance.[62] Meanwhile, Killer Love was re-released with four additional songs, including the fifth and final single, "Try with Me".[63] She embarked on her first headlining tour in February 2012.[64]

Scherzinger appeared as Boris' girlfriend in the science fiction action film Men in Black 3, which was released in May 2012.[65] In June 2012, Scherzinger was announced as a judge for the ninth series of The X Factor UK to replace Kelly Rowland for a reported salary of $1.17 million.[66] Scherzinger mentored the Boys category where she had all three of her acts reach the quarter-final. Two of her acts, James Arthur and Jahméne Douglas, reached the last stage of the final, with Arthur winning the series. Additionally, Arthur became the first winner to be in the bottom two.[67] Scherzinger performed "Don't Cry for Me Argentina" live at the Andrew Lloyd Webber: 40 Musical Years tribute show.[68] In March 2013, Scherzinger released "Boomerang" which debuted and peaked at number six on the UK Singles Chart;[69] after its lackluster success, the associated album was scrapped.[70] Scherzinger returned as judge on The X Factor UK for its tenth series for a reported salary of $2.3 million.[71]

2014–present: Big Fat Lie and television ventures
In January 2014, Scherzinger signed with Sony Music Entertainment for a reported $4.5 million record deal.[72] The following month, she announced she signed a multi-album deal with RCA Records.[73] In collaboration with online fashion retailer Missguided, she designed a 30-piece range which was released in March 2014.[74] Their collaboration helped the retailer increase profit by 70%.[75] Scherzinger's second studio album, Big Fat Lie was released in October; on the UK Albums Chart it spent two weeks inside the top 100 peaking at number 17;[76] its poor sales led to her departure from RCA Records.[76] The album was preceded by the singles "Your Love", "Run" and "On the Rocks";[77] the foremost peaked at number six on the UK Singles Chart and was a moderate success on other international markets.[78] In December, Scherzinger made her West End debut starring as Grizabella in the 2014 revival of the musical Cats at the London Palladium where she played the role for a 12-week run until February 8, 2015;[79] her performance received rave reviews from critics particularly praising her rendition of the song standard "Memory" and garnered a Laurence Olivier Award nomination for Best Actress in a Supporting Role in a Musical.[80] She was set to reprise Grizabella in the Broadway revival of Cats but a week before rehearsals she quit after producers refused to give her top billing.[81]

On June 30, 2015, Scherzinger was crowned as the winner of the variety show I Can Do That where six celebrities compete with each other by performing skills that they never knew they had.[82] In July she performed the American national anthem at the A Capitol Fourth concert in Washington, D.C. and during the opening of the 2015 Special Olympics World Summer Games.[83][84] Best Time Ever with Neil Patrick Harris, a live variety show premiered on September 15, 2015 on NBC with Scherzinger as co-host; the show was cancelled after one season due to low ratings.[85] The following month, the music panel show hosted by Ricky Wilson, Bring the Noise premiered on Sky 1 with Scherzinger and Tinie Tempah joining him as team captains.[85] After a 3-year break from The X Factor, Scherzinger returned as a judge for the thirteenth and fourteenth series; for Scherzinger she won the thirteenth series with her contestant Matt Terry who also was in the bottom two in the semi-final.[86][87] She voiced Sina in the animated feature Moana, which was released in November 2016 through Walt Disney Pictures.[88] Scherzinger starred as Penny in ABC's television film Dirty Dancing, a remake of the 1987 film of the same name.[89] It premiered on May 24, 2017.[90] Although the movie received negative reviews from critics, Scherzinger's performance received praise.[91] In September 2017, she launched her debut fragrance, Chosen by Nicole Scherzinger.[92] In 2018, Scherzinger had a voice cameo in Ralph Breaks the Internet.[93] In January 2019, Scherzinger began appearing as a panelist on the reality competition series The Masked Singer to ratings success.[94] In April 2019, Scherzinger began apperaring as a judge on Australia's Got Talent for its 9th season. As of August 2019 she stated on gma that she is still recording music shes in the studio everyday recording new songs and it's about putting them out at the right time so they don't tank

Artistry
Influences
Scherzinger names Whitney Houston as her major musical influence stating, "I always wanted to be Whitney Houston growing up."[95] After receiving a cassette of Whitney Houston's self-titled debut album (1985) at the age of six, she claims that Houston showed her singing was her destiny.[96] As she grew older she also listened to artists such as Ella Fitzgerald, Billie Holiday, Roberta Flack, Sade, Alanis Morissette, and Tina Turner.[95] While on stage Scherzinger borrows personas of Tina Turner and Mick Jagger; "the way he prances around stage and the poise he has on stage. But I love [Turner's] attitude and sass. I steal from her all the time, especially being the lead singer of this group, the Pussycat Dolls, to be fearless and just have that attitude and that soul behind you."[95] She credits Beyoncé as a key inspiration to "wear costumes that aren't much but they are real artists and they put real artistry into what they do and that is how I pride myself."[97] Scherzinger stated that Janet Jackson's The Velvet Rope (1997) influenced the recording process of her second album, Big Fat Lie, while its lead single's music video was inspired by Jackson's Love Will Never Do (Without You) (1989) clip.[98]

When Scherzinger was older, Mariah Carey became a huge influence to her. She also wished to work with the Black Eyed Peas saying she admired their music.[99] Scherzinger is also a fan of Adele.[100] Prince also became a big influence when she was in her teens.[101] Michael Jackson was one of Scherzinger's biggest influences and idols.[101] Paula Abdul, who Scherzinger sat alongside on the judging panel of The X Factor, was one of her influences.[102] When she gained the role on Men in Black 3, Scherzinger said that music was a very big part of her inspiration for the character, which she plays for the film.[103] She said, "I listened to my heavier music and I listened to Led Zeppelin and I kind of got in that frame of mind because music is what inspires me most. I worked with my acting coach a lot and she told me about lots of crazy things to think about while I was in character, but I better not tell you what she said."[103] Scherzinger said that the role has inspired her to record differently on her second studio album.[103] Stylistically, Scherzinger draws inspiration from Jennifer Lopez, Sienna Miller, and Gwen Stefani.[104] During her twenties, Scherzinger tried to emulate Lopez by dying her hair blonde.[105]

Musical style and voice
Scherzinger possesses a lyric-soprano vocal range which spans over four octaves. She is known for her strong soprano vocals and conviction to convey emotion in her tracks.[failed verification][106] A classically trained singer, Scherzinger is comfortable singing in a variety of styles (jazz, theater, classical). Along with control and power, Nicole is able to sing complex melisma throughout her range, expertly alter the dynamics of her voice mid-phrase and, thanks to excellent breath control, hold notes effortlessly. Her mid-range is versatile and can be manipulated to add character and emotional colouring to a vocal.[citation needed] Nicole also possesses a whistle register.[better source needed][107][108][109]

Her music is generally R&B,[110][111] and dance-pop in some of her songs, especially on her album Killer Love.[106] Though Scherzinger releases English language songs, she recorded Hindi lyrics for the Pussycat Dolls' version of "Jai Ho! (You Are My Destiny)".[112] She has received co-writing credits for multiple songs she recorded.[113] Her early songs were female-empowerment themed compositions like "I Don't Need a Man" and "Hush Hush" and transitioned to more mature "break-up" anthems such as "Don't Hold Your Breath".[114] Scherzinger has also received co-writing credits for some of the records in which she has been involved, especially during her solo efforts. She has also been involved in the vocal arrangement and vocal production of a few songs she's written.[115]

Scherzinger's songs are written from personal experiences, as she said they are "personal and heartfelt" tracks.[116] She co-wrote the majority of her first studio album, Killer Love.[114] Scherzinger's earlier songs have been described as "sexual innuendo"[117] and "funky electronica"[118] which are also backed by "electro beats".[119] In August 2010, RedOne revealed that he was working on Scherzinger's debut album, stating: "I just finished her album. Her last one never came out because it wasn't consistent. Her new record – it's the real her."[120] Scherzinger said a lot of her first studio album was about her split with Lewis Hamilton before they reunited.[121] Scherzinger said that she wanted to create songs which "lend themselves to live performances".[122] She said she likes to record "empowering" ballads.[123] She said that she wanted her debut album to be "in your face and strong".[124] She told MTV (about her unreleased debut album Her Name is Nicole) "I've always said that in the Pussycat Dolls, I kind of feel like Superwoman. But that's just one of my alter egos. I've got the vulnerable, lovesick side of me amongst others which all appear on my record."[125]

Stage
Described as being "provocative" when performing on stage, Scherzinger states that her stage persona "comes from a strong place, not a weak place, and there’s a big difference. There’s a big difference when you see someone who still has class and is empowering."[18] Jarett Wieselman of The New York Post placed her at number two on his list of the Five Best Singer/Dancers,[126] while Rolling Stone magazine readers voted Scherzinger as the ninth Favorite Dancing Musician.[127]

Public image
Scherzinger initially rose to fame as a teen idol alongside her colleagues in the short-lived girl group Eden's Crush.[128] The Pussycat Dolls's founder Robin Antin recalls that when Scherzinger first walked in for her audition to join the burlesque troupe, the outfit she donned was way "too conservative" for the group.[129] Scherzinger later admitted she cried when she saw the first and "revealing" outfit she would have to wear as a member of the band, as she was dealing with body image issues at the time.[130] Margeaux Watson of Entertainment Weekly took a major swipe at Scherzinger for her role as lead singer. Watson said, "there are two kinds of girl groups: those anchored by a superstar (the Supremes, Destiny's Child), and those made up of charismatic personalities endowed with limited individual gifts (Spice Girls, TLC). The Pussycat Dolls are neither – they're a brand, not a band. [...] 2005's multi-platinum PCD finds lead Doll Nicole Scherzinger in the spotlight, and she's no Beyoncé."[131] Scherzinger has claimed that she was responsible for both lead and backing vocals on the group's songs, with hardly anything sung by the other members.[132] She commented, "...people don't even know the story. I was in the center because I was singing. I was the one singing."[133]

Scherzinger is also a vocal supporter of gay rights and became a gay icon.[134] Scherzinger's popularity within the gay community increased due to her work with the Pussycat Dolls.[110] One of the songs written by Scherzinger, "I Don't Need a Man", was dedicated to all of her gay fans.[110] She explained: "Whoever I could inspire, I wanted to inspire them. It's about the messages of empowerment and loving yourself for who you are."[110] Scherzinger is also very vocal when it comes to bullying.[135] She believes in acceptance and recalls receiving knock backs and the message of her music releases show how she dealt with them.[136] In 2017, for Gay Pride Month, Billboard asked numerous pop culture luminaries to write 'love letters' to the LGBTQ community, one of whom was Scherzinger. In her letter she expressed her admiration "When I think of the LGBTQ community, I think of a community standing strong against adversity and a community that unites for change."[137]

She admits it is "frustrating" to read about the media's portrayal of her as "a man-eater".[138] Scherzinger has been linked to a number of different men, but insists none of the rumors are true.[138] In July 2013, Scherzinger posed semi-nude for a "Protect the Skin You're In" T-shirt, part of a campaign by fashion designer Marc Jacobs to raise awareness and cash for melanoma research.[139] All sales benefit the NYU Cancer Institute and NYU Langone Medical Center.[140] The outfits she wore as a Pussycat Doll and sexual dance moves they performed has continued ever since she embarked on her solo career.[141] Scherzinger said: "I think I am able to handle myself in a good manner and hopefully I'm a positive role model for other girls out there."[142] Scherzinger also wore the first Twitter dress at the EE launch party.[143]

Scherzinger has developed an image as a sex symbol and "one of the hottest women on the planet."[144] Since 2006 has been featured on FHM's "100 Sexiest Women" list peaking at number nine in 2011 and 2014.[145] In 2012, VH1 ranked her the eight on their list of "100 Sexiest Artists",[146] while Complex magazine ranked her the twenty-ninth on their list of "The 100 Hottest Female Singers of All Time".[147]

Impact
Described as the "driving force" behind The Pussycat Dolls, Scherzinger is credited for the result of the group's international success in the music industry, during a time when girl groups were grossly underrepresented.[148][149] With only two studio albums, the band became the best-selling girl group of the past decade,[150] digital era,[151] and fourth of all time.[152] Since beginning her career with the group in 2003, Scherzinger has sold 54 million records worldwide,[153][154] and another 16 million as a solo artist.[2] Scherzinger has been given several pop culture titles, including, "Pop Princess"[155] and the "Hawaiian Pop Goddess"[156] becoming an international pop culture icon following her debut.[157]

Scherzinger's television and music video impact has also been acknowledged in pop culture where she is known for her music videos, which often incorporate raunchy outfits and dance breaks. Critics generally favor Scherzinger's intricate choreography.[158] She is considered a sex symbol through her music videos.[159] Simon Cowell praised Scherzinger's performance ability, respectively calling her "one of the best live performers I've ever seen" and "if you want an example of how you do it right... its Nicole. It's focus, performance, vocals...".[160] American recording artist Lady Gaga has been influenced by Scherzinger's role in the Pussycat Dolls saying, "There's something that's very humbling about being able to work with a powerhouse group like that. Probably the biggest influence they've had on me is making me want to be a better writer."[161]

Scherzinger has received many accolades throughout her career. In February 2013, Scherzinger was honored by the Harvard Foundation as "2013 Artist of the Year" for her contributions in performing arts, support for breast cancer research and initiatives for adults and children with special needs.[162] In April 2013, she was awarded with the "Outstanding Achievement in Music Award" at the Asian Awards for "inspiring achievements in the fields of business, sport, entertainment, philanthropy and popular arts and culture".[163] She has been hailed as one of the sexiest artists.[164] In 2013, Fuse included Scherzinger on the list of 50 Girls Who Run the World,[165] and the Top 100 Pop Breakthroughs.[166]

Personal life
Scherzinger's early years in the Pussycat Dolls were marred with difficulties. During her first photo shoot with the group, she was required to wear nothing more than a bra, underwear and garters; uncomfortable with her own body she started to suffer from bulimia.[130] In order to overcome her struggle with bulimia, she saw therapists and life coaches and recorded a PSA for the website Half of Us to raise awareness about the eating disorder.[16][167] The eating disorder lasted for eight years, remarking that it would have destroyed her life.

I had started losing my voice, I couldn’t sing at shows, and then I remember my manager finding me passed out on the floor in Malta or in the south of France. I thought, ‘I’m going to lose everything I love if I don’t love myself.’ One day when you feel like you’ve reached the end, you just say, ‘I’m not doing this anymore.’ It’s sad to see how I wasted my life. I had such a great life on the outside, the Dolls were on top of the world but I was miserable on the inside. I’m never letting that happen again; you only get one life – I was 27 only once.

— Scherzinger, Cosmopolitan, July 2014[168]
Scherzinger was engaged to Nick Hexum, lead singer of 311, whom she dated from 2000 to 2004.[169] Scherzinger commenced a high-profile relationship with future Formula 1 World Champion Lewis Hamilton after they met at the 2007 MTV Europe Music Awards in Munich.[170] Their on and off relationship of seven years was a tabloid fixture in the British press.[171][172] They separated for the final time in February 2015.[173] She began dating Bulgarian tennis player Grigor Dimitrov in 2016.
Following the 2010 Haiti earthquake, along with various other artists, she was featured on the charity single "We Are the World 25 for Haiti", and participated in George Clooney's and Wyclef Jean's Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief telethon which benefited people affected by the tragedy.[174][175] In October 2010 she portrayed Trixie at the 35th anniversary concert of The Rocky Horror Picture Show which raised money for the Painted Turtle, a Hole in the Wall Foundation camp for kids with serious medical conditions.[176] Inspired by her aunt who has Down syndrome, she became a global ambassador for the Special Olympics and recorded "O Holy Night" for A Very Special Christmas (2013) with all proceeds benefiting the organization.[177] Since 2014 Scherzinger is an UNICEF UK supporter and has traveled to Guyana, Manila, Philippines, and Kenya, where she visited the organization's supported centers benefiting children in poverty.[178] She later performed "Brave" with the SU2C choir for Stand Up 2 Cancer to raise money for cancer research on October 17, 2014.[179]

Scherzinger along with numerous other artists were featured on the single "Love Song to the Earth", which was released in September 2015 ahead of the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference, as part of the global campaign to raise awareness on climate change.[180] In September 2016, Scherzinger along with numerous other artists were featured on the remake of the Black Eyed Peas song "Where Is the Love?" where all proceeds went towards will.i.am's non-profit foundation, i.am.angel Foundation.[181]

Scherzinger endorsed President Barack Obama's 2008 presidential campaign; she appeared in the music video for rapper will.i.am's song, "Yes We Can" (2008), which was inspired by Obama's speech after the 2008 New Hampshire primary.[182]

Other ventures
Endorsements
In cooperation with Unilever, Scherzinger recorded Duran Duran's "Rio" (1982).[183] In December 2011, Scherzinger began endorsing the imPress Nails manicure line and has her own signature series.[184][185] From 2012 to 2014, Scherzinger was the ambassador for Herbal Essences.[186] In March 2013, she was announced as an ambassador for British Airways promoting first class routes to Moscow.[187] In April 2013, it was announced that Scherzinger will be the face of Müller Corner, a range of luxury yogurts and front TV and print campaigns.[188] In September 2014, Scherzinger joined Proactiv+ as the new celebrity ambassador for the skin care company.[189]

On November 29, 2016 Scherzinger was announced as the new face of Perfectil, a vitamin product.[190] She featured in a television commercial for Vitabiotics' new Perfectil advertising campaign in March 2017.[191]

Discography
Main article: Nicole Scherzinger discography
See also: Eden's Crush discography and The Pussycat Dolls discography
Killer Love (2011)
Big Fat Lie (2014)
Filmography
Main article: Nicole Scherzinger videography
Television

Popstars (2001)
Sabrina the Teenage Witch, Episode: Finally! Series 5 (2001)
My Wife and Kids (2002)
Half & Half (2002)
Wanda at Large (2003)
The Pussycat Dolls Present (2007–2008)
Dancing with the Stars (2010)
How I Met Your Mother (2011)
The X Factor (US) (2011)
The X Factor (UK) (2012–2013, 2016–2017, 2019–)
I Can Do That (2015)
Best Time Ever with Neil Patrick Harris (2015)
Bring the Noise (2015)
Lip Sync Battle (2017, 2018)
Drop the Mic (2017)
The Masked Singer (2019–present)
Australia's Got Talent (2019–present)
Films

Chasing Papi (2003)
Love Don't Cost a Thing (2003)
Men in Black 3 (2012)
Moana (2016)
Dirty Dancing (2017)
Ralph Breaks the Internet (2018)

ميشيل دوكري

ميشيل دوكري (بالإنجليزية: Michelle Dockery) مواليد 15 ديسمبر 1981 في لندن، المملكة المتحدة، هي ممثلة إنجليزية بدأت مسيرتها الفنية عام 2004
الأعمال
2012: آنا كارنينا
2012: أميريكان داد!
2014: بلا توقف
هنري الرابع
هنري الرابع
المفتش العام (الدور: يلينا)
العم فانيا (الدور: أوفيليا)
هاملت

Michelle Rockery

Michelle Suzanne Dockery[1] (born 15 December 1981) is an English actress and singer. She is most widely known for her leading performance as Lady Mary Crawley in the ITV (UK) television period drama series Downton Abbey (2010–15), for which she was nominated for a Golden Globe Award and three consecutive Primetime Emmy Awards in the category of Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series.[2]

Dockery made her professional stage debut in His Dark Materials in 2004. For her role as Eliza Doolittle in the 2007 London revival of Pygmalion, she was nominated for the Evening Standard Award.[3] For her role in the 2009 play Burnt by the Sun, she earned an Olivier Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress.[4]

Dockery has also had starring roles in films, such as Hanna (2011), Anna Karenina (2012) and Non-Stop (2014).[5]

On television, Dockery played lead roles on the drama series Good Behavior and the Netflix miniseries Godless, for which she received her fourth Emmy nomination.
Early life
Dockery was born at Rush Green Hospital in Rush Green, Essex.[6] She grew up in Romford, in Essex, and she still has traces of an Estuary accent.[7] She says, "I'll never sound like Lady Mary, although my Essex accent has softened over the years. But it comes back if I've had a couple of drinks or if I am around my family".[8]

Dockery has two older sisters, Louise and Joanne. She was educated first at Chadwell Heath Academy, and later at the Finch Stage School.[9]

Dockery confirmed in a 2017 interview with Parade that if you asked her parents when she began performing they would answer that it was when she was 2 or 3 years old. “I wanted to entertain from such a young age, doing impersonations and putting on plays with my sisters,” says Dockery. “I always had it in me and loved it.” She remembers being 9 and performing for family members when they came to visit.[10]

After her A Levels, she enrolled at the Guildhall School of Music & Drama, where she was awarded the Gold Medal for Drama at her graduation in 2004.[11]

Career
Stage
Dockery was a member of the National Youth Theatre. She made her professional debut in His Dark Materials at the Royal National Theatre in 2004.[12] In 2006, she was nominated for the Ian Charleson Award for her performance as Dina Dorf in Pillars of the Community at the National Theatre.[13] She appeared in Burnt by the Sun at the National Theatre, for which she received an Olivier Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress.[14]

She won second prize at the Ian Charleson Awards for her performance as Eliza Doolittle in Peter Hall's production of Pygmalion at the Theatre Royal, Bath, which toured the UK and transferred to The Old Vic in 2008,[15] and for the same production was nominated Best Newcomer at the Evening Standard Awards 2008.[16]

In 2010, she played Ophelia in Hamlet at the Crucible Theatre alongside John Simm.[17]

Film and television
Dockery made her television debut as Betty in Fingersmith in 2005.[18] In 2006, she starred as Susan Sto Helit in a two-part adaptation of Terry Pratchett's novel Hogfather.[19] In 2008, Dockery played Kathryn in Channel 4's The Red Riding Trilogy and played the guest lead of tormented rape victim Gemma Morrison in BBC's Waking the Dead. In 2009, she appeared in the two-part Cranford Christmas special for the BBC, and she also starred as the lead character, as the young governess, in a modernised BBC adaptation of The Turn of the Screw with her future Downton Abbey co-star Dan Stevens, in the role of her psychiatrist.[20]

Dockery came to public prominence in 2010 when she played Lady Mary Crawley in Julian Fellowes' series Downton Abbey. Downton Abbey was filmed from February–August 2010–15. The series was broadcast on ITV September–November, with a special Christmas night episode for Series 2–6 in 2011–15, with a later airing schedule in the U.S. for PBS.

For her role as Lady Mary Crawley in the Downton Abbey series, Dockery received three consecutive Emmy Award nominations in the category for Outstanding Lead Actress In Drama Series – 2012,[21] 2013,[22] and 2014.[23] She also earned a Golden Globe nomination in 2013.[2]

Dockery's first big screen role was as False Marissa in Hanna (2011). In 2012, she appeared as Princess Myagkaya in the film adaptation of Anna Karenina and starred with Charlotte Rampling in a two-part dramatisation of William Boyd's spy thriller Restless on BBC One.[24] In January 2014, she appeared in the action thriller feature film Non-Stop alongside co-stars Liam Neeson, Julianne Moore, and Lupita Nyong'o.[25][26]

In 2014, Dockery was made Fellow of the Guildhall School in recognition of her achievements in television.[27] In 2014, Dockery was listed in The Sunday Times Britain's 500 Most Influential People, which is a compilation of the most significant individuals in the UK who have demonstrated outstanding qualities of influence, achievement and inspiration.[28][29]

A departure from her portrayal as Lady Mary in Downton Abbey, Dockery advanced her Hollywood career with a 2015 performance in sci-fi thriller feature film Self/less with Ryan Reynolds.[25]

Beginning in November 2016, Dockery stars in the lead role of Letty Raines in Good Behavior, an American drama series based on the novella series by Blake Crouch. Letty is a drug-addicted thief and con-artist who, released early from prison on good behaviour, is attempting to get her life under control. This is complicated by a chance meeting and subsequent entanglement with a charismatic hitman, played by Juan Diego Botto. The 10-episode first season, airing on U.S. basic-cable network TNT, was filmed in and around Wilmington, North Carolina. In January 2017, the show was picked up for a second season.[30] In November 2018, the series was cancelled after two seasons.[31]

In 2017, Dockery starred alongside Jim Broadbent, Charlotte Rampling, Harriet Walter, and Emily Mortimer in the British film The Sense of an Ending from CBS Films, based on the Booker-winning novel of the same name by Julian Barnes. She plays Susie Webster, the daughter of Tony Webster (Jim Broadbent), a man who lives in quiet unquestioning solitude until he confronts secrets of his past. "The film is a beautiful adaptation of the book which I love. And I jumped at the chance to work with director Ritesh Batra, who also filmed The Lunchbox (2013)", explains Dockery.[32][10]

Later that year, Dockery played a lead role in the Netflix western miniseries Godless.[33] She will be starring alongside Chris Pratt and Bryce Dallas Howard in Dark Horse.

Music
Dockery is a trained singer. She sang at the 50th Anniversary of Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club in London and has occasionally sung with Sadie and the Hotheads, a band formed by Elizabeth McGovern, who played her mother in Downton Abbey.[34] Dockery cites her musical influences as Peggy Lee, Melody Gardot and Billie Holiday in her more melancholy moods. In 2014, she revealed her music influences varied from the likes of Oasis to Joni Mitchell and Frank Sinatra, noting that, "My family bought me some old vinyl records for my 30th birthday, so I'm gradually building my own collection. "I've got some Joni Mitchell, Oasis and the Doors, old standards like Frank Sinatra and Nina Simone, and then what I listened to as a teen", she confirmed to the Mirror UK.[35]

Charity work
On World Humanitarian Day 2014, Oxfam announced Dockery as its first ever Humanitarian Ambassador.[36] Dockery is also a patron of Changing Faces[37] and supports a host of other charities.[38]

In 2014, Dockery was one of nine British celebrities featured in a short film promoting Stand Up to Cancer UK.[39]

Personal life
Dockery started a relationship with John Dineen, from Waterfall, Ireland, in 2013. The actress had been introduced to Dineen, then a public relations director at FTI Consulting in London, by Irish actor Allen Leech, who starred alongside Dockery in Downton Abbey. Leech was quoted as saying "John's like family to me and I knew he'd really get on with Michelle. She's a great girl – probably as far from Lady Mary as you could imagine".[40][41]

The couple were first pictured together when they were on holiday in Venice, Italy, during the 2013 Venice International Film Festival. The couple made headlines in 2015, when it was reported that they were engaged, with Dockery showing off a diamond ring to her co-stars during screen tests. But they guarded their privacy closely, with Dockery only briefly referencing, in an interview in 2013, that she had a "wonderful man in my life from Ireland". In an interview in November 2015, she mentioned "I've got people around me who I can turn to for advice: my mum, and my partner, John."[40]

Dineen died from a rare form of cancer on 13 December 2015, at age 34, in Marymount Hospice in Cork, with Dockery at his bedside.[41]

In 2016, Dockery stated that her fiancé's death was not something she wanted to talk about, but she allowed that acting served as a "release" and "Home is wherever I'm working at the moment."[42][7] "I just enjoy acting, whatever area – theatre, film, television.

مستر أولمبيا

مستر أولمبيا (بالإنجليزية: Mr. Olympia)، هي أكبر لقب للمحترفين في الاتحاد الدولي لكمال الأجسام واللياقة البدنية (IFBB). أقيمت النسخة الأولى في 18 سبتمبر 1965 بأكاديمية بروكلين للموسيقى، في مدينة نيويورك
مقدمة
فكر جو ويدر بتكريم أصدقائه الأبطال المحترفين لرياضة كمال الأجسام، ولم يجد طريقة أفضل من إقامة بطولة كبرى تجمعهم، ينال الفائز بينهم لقبها؛ الذي أراد له أن يكون الأبرز في عالم هذه الرياضة، وقد سماها بأولمبيا تيمناً بالجبل اليوناني الذي كان ملهماً لكل الرياضيين قديماً وحديثاً.

أصحاب اللقب
نال الأمريكي لاري سكوت اللقبين الأولين (1965، و1966)، ثم تبعه الكوبي سيرجيو أوليفا فنال ثلاثة ألقاب متوالية هي (1967، و1968، و1969).

حين شارك أرنولد شوارزنيجر النمساوي الأصل في البطولة توقع له الجميع مستقبلاً كبيراً نظراً للضخامة والتناسق والتكامل في جسمه، وكان الأمر كذلك حيث حصد أرنولد ستة ألقاب متتالية في السنوات (1970، 1971، 1972، 1973، 1974، 1975) وقد دخل بعد ذلك عالم الشهرة والسينما من أوسع أبوابه، فاعتزل المشاركة في البطولة وترك الفرصة لزملائه في السنوات المقبلة لنيل اللقب.

فاز باللقب سنة 1976 الإيطالي فرانكو كولومبو، ثم تلاه الأمريكي فرانك زين في السنوات (1977، و1978، و1979). بعد ذلك قيل أن أرنولد لن يتمكن من الفوز بأوليمبيا مرة أخرى، فشارك متحدياً سنة 1980 وفاز باللقب للمرة السابعة، وأثبت للجميع أنه الأسطورة الخالدة في دنيا كمال الأجسام.

نجح الإيطالي فرانكو كولومبو بنيل اللقب للمرة الثانية سنة 1981، ثم فاز كل من كريس ديكرسون من الولايات المتحدة وسمير بنوت من لبنان بلقبي 1982، و1983 على التوالي. ليأتي بعد ذلك لي هاني الأمريكي الجبار ليفوز باللقب ثماني مرات متتالية محطماً رقم أرنولد عدداً وتتابعاً، وذلك في بطولات 1984، 1985، 1986، 1987، 1988، 1989، 1990، 1991.

غير البريطاني دوريان يتس مفهوم كمال الأجسام، فحوّلها إلى كثافة وضخامة غير معهودتين من قبل وفاز باللقب ست مرات متتالية، 1992، 1993، 1994، 1995، 1996، 1997.

في السنوات 1998، 1999، 2000، 2001، 2002، 2003، 2004، 2005، فاز العملاق الأمريكي روني كولمان باللقب ليتساوى مع لي هاني بثمانية ألقاب متتابعة لكل منهما.

بعد ذلك سيطر أربعة أبطال جميعهم من الولايات المتحدة على ألقاب البطولة وهم جيه كتلر في السنوات 2006، 2007، 2009، 2010، وديكستر جاكسون سنة 2008، وفيل هيث في السنوات 2011، 2012، 2013، 2014، 2015، 2016، 2017، وشون رودين سنة 2018.

العرب في "مستر أولمبيا"
شارك عرب كثيرون في أوليمبيا لكنهم لم يحظوا بمراكز متقدمة باستنثاء سمير بنوت الذي أحرز اللقب سنة 1983، ومحمد مكاوي الذي نال المركز الثاني في نفس السنة.

من مصر شارك كل من محمد مكاوي وناصر السنباطي (شارك باسم يوغوسلافيا)، وممدوح السبيعي (شارك في البداية باسم الكويت، ثم باسم مصر)، وإبراهيم سامي فهيم.

ومن لبنان شارك كل من سمير بنوت، وإدوارد قواق، وأحمد حيدر وجورج فرح، وفؤاد أبيض (يحمل الجنسية الكندية)، ومحمد بنوت.

ومن الجزائر محمد بن عزيزة، ومن الأردن مصطفى حسنين، ومن العراق أحمد أحمد (يحمل الجنسية السويدية)، ومن الإمارات عيسى عبيد، ومن البحرين سامي الحداد.

متفرقات
لاري سكوت (2)، أرنولد شوارزنيجر (7)، فرانكو كولومبو (2)، فرانك زين (3)، سمير بنوت (1)، دوريان ييتس (6)، جيه كتلر (4) من العرق الأبيض (25/54 - حتى نهاية 2018). وسيرجيو أوليفا (3)، كريس ديكرسون (1)، لي هاني (8)، روني كولمان (8)، ديكستر جاكسون (1)، فيل هيث (7)، شون رودين (1) من العرق الأسود (29/54 - حتى نهاية 2018).
بين عامي 1974، و1979 عقدت ست نسخ من مستر أولمبيا بوزنين هما الخفيف والثقيل، ثم بطل الأبطال للوزنين معاً، ثم أعيد الحال إلى ما كان عليه سابقاً من وزن مفتوح واحد فقط سنة 1980.
عقدت أولمبيا حتى نهاية 2018 (44 مرة) داخل الولايات المتحدة (نيويورك (10)، كولومبوس (6)، لوس أنجيلوس (2)، شيكاغو (2)، أورلاندو (1)، أطلانطا (3)، لاس فيغاس (20))، ومرتين في ألمانيا (إيسن، وميونيخ)، ومرة في كل من فرنسا (باريس)، وجنوب أفريقيا (بريتوريا)، وأستراليا (سيدني)، والمملكة المتحدة (لندن)، وبلجيكا (بروكسل)، والسويد (غوتنبرغ)، وإيطاليا (ريميني)، وفنلندا (هلسينكي).
هناك من لم يكونوا من حاملي الجنسية الأمريكية حين فازوا بلقب مستر أولمبيا، وهم: سيرجيو أوليفا (كوبا)، أرنولد شوارزنيجر (النمسا)، فرانكو كولومبو (إيطاليا)، سمير بنوت (لبنان)، دوريان ييتس (بريطانيا) (19/54 حتى نهاية 2018).
فرانك زين هو الوحيد من بين حاملي لقب أولمبيا صاحب جسم من نوع (EctoMorph) الرفيع.
أكبر فائز سناً بمستر أولمبيا هو شون رودين وكان عمره 43 سنة حين فاز بها سنة 2018، وقد سبق بذلك كريس ديكرسون حامل لقب سنة 1982.
أصغر متنافس في أولمبيا كان الأمريكي هارولد بول صاحب المركز الثاني في أوليمبيا 1965، و1966، وكان عمره 21 سنة.
شارك كل من أرنولد شوارزنيجر وفرانكو كولومبو بأفلام سينمائية شهيرة.
شروط التأهل لمنافسات مستر أولمبيا
يجب أن ينال المتأهلون إلى هذه البطولة أحد الألقاب التالية:

الستة الأوائل في بطولة أرنولد كلاسيك.
بطل سابق في مستر أولمبيا (بعد مرور خمس سنوات لا بد من الحصول على موافقة الاتحاد الدولي IFBB).
الخمسة الأوائل في بطولة "نيويورك برو".
الثلاثة الأوائل في أي بطولة أخرى للمحترفين ينظمها اتحاد IFBB في الموسم السابق لمستر أولمبيا.
الستة الأوائل في مستر أولمبيا للسنة السابقة.
الأول ببطولة العالم للهواة للاتحاد الدولي لكمال الأجسام واللياقة البدنية.

Priti Patel

Priti Sushil Patel[1] (born 29 March 1972) is a British politician who has been Home Secretary since 24 July 2019 and the Member of Parliament (MP) for Witham in Essex since 2010. She was International Development Secretary from 2016 to 2017; her first tenure in the Cabinet ended due to revelations of unauthorised meetings with the Government of Israel.[2][3][4][5][6] A member of the Conservative Party, she is ideologically positioned on the party's right wing.[7]

Patel was born in London to a Ugandan-Indian family. She was educated at Keele University and the University of Essex. She was initially involved with the Referendum Party before switching allegiance to the Conservatives. She worked for the public-relations consultancy firm Weber Shandwick for several years, as part of which she lobbied for the tobacco and alcohol industries.[8] Intending to switch to a political career, she unsuccessfully contested Nottingham North at the 2005 general election.

After David Cameron became Conservative leader, he recommended Patel for the party's "A-List" of prospective candidates. She was first elected MP for Witham, a Conservative safe seat, at the 2010 general election, before being re-elected in 2015 and 2017. Under Cameron's government, Patel was appointed Minister of State for Employment. A longstanding Eurosceptic, Patel was a leading figure in the Vote Leave campaign during the build-up to the 2016 referendum on UK membership of the European Union.

Following Cameron's resignation, Patel backed Theresa May as Conservative leader; May subsequently appointed Patel International Development Secretary. In 2017 she was involved in a political scandal involving unauthorised meetings with the Israeli government, ending her time as International Development Secretary.[3][5][6] Under Boris Johnson's leadership, she assumed the role of Home Secretary in 2019, the fourth woman and first woman of ethnic-minority descent to hold the office.

A sometimes outspoken figure, Patel has been criticised by political opponents for defending the tobacco and alcohol industries,[8] and for advocating threatening the Republic of Ireland with food-shortages during Brexit negotiations.[9][10] Patel said her comments were "taken out of context" and she did not refer specifically to the risk of food-shortages
Early life
Priti Patel was born on 29 March 1972 to Sushil and Anjana Patel, in the London Borough of Islington,[12] while her parents were resident in Harrow.[13] Her paternal grandparents were born in Tarapur, Gujarat, before emigrating to Uganda, and establishing a shop in Kampala.[14] In the 1960s her parents emigrated to the UK and settled in Hertfordshire, several years before President Idi Amin came to power and expelled Ugandan Asians in November 1972.[15] They established a chain of newsagents in London and the South East of England.[16][17][18]

Patel attended Watford Grammar School for Girls,[19] a non-selective comprehensive at the time[a] despite its name,[20][21][22] before studying Economics at Keele University, and then pursuing postgraduate studies in British Government and Politics at the University of Essex.[23][24]

The Conservative Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher became her political heroine: according to Patel, she "had a unique ability to understand what made people tick, households tick and businesses tick. Managing the economy, balancing the books and making decisions – not purchasing things the country couldn't afford".[16] She first joined the Conservative Party as a teenager, when John Major was Prime Minister.[15]

Early career
After graduating, Patel became an intern at Conservative Central Office (now known as Conservative Campaign Headquarters), having been selected by Andrew Lansley (then Head of the Conservative Research Department).[25] From 1995 to 1997, headed the press office of the Referendum Party, a single-issue Eurosceptic party.[24]

In 1997, Patel left to join the Conservative Party having been offered a post to work for the new leader William Hague in his press office, dealing with media relations in London and the South East of England.[26] In August 2003, the Financial Times published an article citing quotes from Patel and alleging that "racist attitudes" persisted in the Conservative Party, and that "there's a lot of bigotry around".[27] Patel wrote to the FT countering its article stating that her comments had been misinterpreted to imply that she had been blocked as a party candidate because of her ethnicity.[28]

In 2000, aged 28, Patel left the employment of the Conservative party to work for Weber Shandwick, a PR consulting firm.[29] According to an investigative article published by The Guardian in May 2015, Patel was one of seven Weber Shandwick employees who worked on British American Tobacco (BAT) – a major account. The team had been tasked with helping BAT manage the company's public image during the controversy around the Burma factory being used as source of funds by its military dictatorship and poor payment to factory workers. The crisis eventually ended with BAT pulling out of Burma in 2003. The article went on to quote BAT employees who felt that though a majority of Weber Shandwick employees were uncomfortable working with them, Patel's group was fairly relaxed. The article also quoted internal documents specifying that a part of Patel's job was also to lobby MEPs against EU tobacco regulations. She worked for Weber Shandwick for three years.[30]

Patel then moved to the British multinational alcoholic beverages company, Diageo, and worked in corporate relations between 2003 and 2007.[31] In 2007, she rejoined Weber Shandwick as Director of Corporate and Public Affairs practices. According to their press release, during her time at Diageo, Patel had "worked on international public policy issues related to the wider impact of alcohol in society."[32]

Parliamentary career
Member of Parliament for Witham: 2010–present
In the 2005 general election, she stood as the Conservative candidate for Nottingham North, losing to the incumbent Labour MP Graham Allen.[33][34] Despite her unsuccessful parliamentary campaign, Patel was identified as a promising candidate by new party leader David Cameron, and was offered a place on the "A-List" of Conservative prospective parliamentary candidates (PPC).[27] In November 2006, she was adopted as the PPC for the notionally safe Conservative seat of Witham—a new constituency in central Essex created after a boundary review[35][36]—before gaining a majority of 15,196 at the 2010 general election. She was drafted into the Number 10 Policy Unit in October 2013,[37] and was promoted as Exchequer Secretary to the Treasury the following summer
Along with fellow Conservative MPs Kwasi Kwarteng, Dominic Raab, Chris Skidmore and Elizabeth Truss, Patel was considered one of the "Class of 2010" who represented the party's "new Right".[38] Together they co-authored Britannia Unchained, a book published in 2012. This work was critical of levels of workplace productivity in the UK, making the controversial statement that "once they enter the workplace, the British are among the worst idlers in the world". The authors suggested that to change this situation, the UK should reduce the size of the welfare state and seek to emulate the working conditions in countries like Singapore, Hong Kong, and South Korea rather than those of other European nations.[39][40]

In October 2014, Patel criticised the plan of the Academies Enterprise Trust to merge the New Rickstones and Maltings Academies, claiming that to do so would be detrimental to school standards.[41] Patel lodged a complaint with the BBC alleging one-sided coverage critical of Narendra Modi on the eve of his victory in 2014 Indian elections.[42][43] In January 2015, Patel was presented with a "Jewels of Gujarat" award in Ahmedabad, India, and in the city she gave a keynote speech at the Gujarat Chamber of Commerce.[44]

In the general election of May 2015—a Conservative victory—Patel retained her parliamentary seat with 27,123 votes, increasing her majority by 4,358.[45] During the campaign, she had criticised Labour Party rival John Clarke for referring to her as a "sexy Bond villain" and a "village idiot" on social media; he apologised.[46] After the election, Patel rose to Cabinet-level as Minister of State for Employment in the Department for Work and Pensions,[47] and was sworn of the Privy Council on 14 May 2015. In December 2015, Patel voted to support Cameron's planned bombing of Islamic State targets in Syria.[48]

Brexit campaign: 2015–2016
Following Cameron's announcement of a referendum on the UK's continuing membership of the European Union (EU), Patel was widely touted as a likely "poster girl" for the Vote Leave campaign.[49] Patel said that the EU is "undemocratic and interferes too much in our daily lives". She publicly stated that immigration from elsewhere in the EU was overstretching the resources of UK schools.[50] She helped to launch the Women For Britain campaign for anti-EU women; at their launch party, she compared their campaign with that of Emmeline Pankhurst and the Suffragettes, for which she was criticised by Emmeline's great-granddaughter Helen Pankhurst.[51]

Following the success of the "Leave" vote in the EU referendum, Cameron resigned, resulting in a leadership contest within the party. Patel openly supported Theresa May as his successor, claiming that she had the "strength and experience" for the job, while arguing that May's main challenger Andrea Leadsom would prove too divisive to win a general election.[52] In November 2017, Patel was critical of the UK government Brexit negotiations and stated: "I would have told the EU in particular to sod off with their excessive financial demands".[53]

Secretary of State for International Development: 2016–2017
After becoming Prime Minister, in July 2016 May appointed Patel to the position of International Development Secretary. Patel described herself as being "delighted" with the post despite a statement made in 2013 suggesting that the Department for International Development should be scrapped and replaced with a Department for International Trade and Development.[54] Many staff at the department were concerned about Patel's appointment, both because of her support for Brexit and because of her longstanding scepticism regarding international development and aid spending.[55]

On taking the position, Patel stated that too much UK aid was wasted or spent inappropriately, declaring that she would adopt an approach rooted in "core Conservative principles" and emphasise international development through trade as opposed to aid.[56] In September, Patel announced that the UK would contribute £1.1 billion to a global aid fund used to combat malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS, but added that any further aid deals would include "performance agreements" meaning that the British Government could reduce aid by 10% if specific criteria were not met by the recipient country.[57]

In September 2016 she expressed opposition to the construction of 28 affordable homes at the Lakelands development in Stanway, referring to it as an "unacceptable loss of open space" and criticising Colchester Borough Council for permitting it.[58] That same month, the council's chief executive Adrian Pritchard issued a complaint against Patel, claiming that she had acted "inappropriately" in urging Sajid Javid to approve the construction of an out-of-town retail park after it had already been rejected by Colchester Council.[59]

Also in September, proposals were put forward for a change to the boundaries of parliamentary constituencies across the UK. As a result of the plans, Patel's seat of Witham would be merged with neighbouring Maldon. This would potentially require her to compete against Maldon MP John Whittingdale for the new seat of Witham and Maldon.[60]

Patel was critical of the UK's decision to invest DFID funds to support the Palestinian territories through UN agencies and the Palestinian Authority. In October 2016 Patel ordered a review of the funding procedure, temporarily freezing approximately a third of Britain's aid to the Palestinians during the review. In December 2016, DFID announced significant changes concerning future funding for the Palestinian Authority. DFID stated that future aid would go “solely to vital health and education services, in order to meet the immediate needs of the Palestinian people and maximise value for money.' This move was widely supported by Jewish groups, including the Jewish Leadership Council and the Zionist Federation.[61][62]

On 9 January 2017, Patel was one of two UK winners (the other being Labour MEP Neena Gill) of the Pravasi Bharatiya Samman, the highest honour given to NRIs by the Indian government. She was given the award for her public service.[63]

Meetings with Israeli officials and resignation
On 3 November 2017, the BBC's Diplomatic correspondent James Landale broke the news that Patel had held meetings in Israel in August 2017 without telling the Foreign Office. She was accompanied by Lord Polak, honorary president of Conservative Friends of Israel (CFI). The meetings, up to a dozen in number, took place while Patel was on a "private holiday". Patel met Yair Lapid, the leader of Israel's centrist Yesh Atid party, and reportedly made visits to several organisations where official departmental business was discussed. The BBC reported that "According to one source, at least one of the meetings was held at the suggestion of the Israeli ambassador to London. In contrast, British diplomats in Israel were not informed about Ms Patel's plans."[64]

It was also reported that, following the meetings, Patel had recommended that the Department for International Development give international aid money to field hospitals run by the Israeli army in the Golan Heights. Although these hospitals have been described by the British Prime Minister's official spokesman as "provid[ing] medical support for Syrian refugees",[65] Israeli officials have refused to identify who they treat in them, and whether they are regime forces, rebels or civilians.[66] Western media reports suggest that Israel is aiding and funding Syrian opposition organisations in the Syrian civil war.[67][68]

On 4 November 2017, in an interview with The Guardian, Patel stated

Boris [Johnson] knew about the visit. The point is that the Foreign Office did know about this, Boris knew about [the trip]. I went out there, I paid for it. And there is nothing else to this. It is quite extraordinary. It is for the Foreign Office to go away and explain themselves. The stuff that is out there is it, as far as I am concerned. I went on holiday and met with people and organisations. As far as I am concerned, the Foreign Office have known about this. It is not about who else I met; I have friends out there.[69][70]

Patel faced calls to resign, with numerous political figures calling her actions a breach of the ministerial code, which states: "Ministers must ensure that no conflict arises, or could reasonably be perceived to arise, between their public duties and their private interests, financial or otherwise".[71] Labour MP Jon Trickett said, "She met with the prime minister, and all sorts in Israel, with a lobbyist – I don't think it is good enough to apologise as I really think this is a serious breach of the ministerial code. The Prime Minister really should be sacking her, or at the very very minimum referring it to the Cabinet Office for investigation".[71]

On 6 November, Patel was summoned to meet the Prime Minister Theresa May, who then said that Patel had been "reminded of her responsibilities" and announced plans for the ministerial code of conduct to be tightened.[72] Patel released an apology for her actions, and corrected her remarks to The Guardian, which she said gave the false impression that the Foreign Secretary knew about the trip before it happened, and that the only meetings she had had were those then in the public domain.[73] According to Downing Street, May learned of the meetings when the BBC broke the story on 3 November.[74] When May hosted Netanyahu the previous day for the Balfour Declaration centenary, she was not aware that her minister had had meetings with him in August.

In the days after Patel's meeting with the Prime Minister and public apology, there were further revelations about her contacts with Israel, including details of two more undisclosed meetings with Israeli officials in Westminster and New York in September 2017,[75] that Patel had not disclosed when she met the Prime Minister on 6th.[2] As a result of these further revelations Patel was summoned to Downing Street once more on 8 November, where she met with the Prime Minister and subsequently resigned from her cabinet position, after 16 months in the post.[76] She was replaced by pro-Brexit MP Penny Mordaunt the following day.[77] Patel claimed that, following her resignation, she was "overwhelmed with support from colleagues across the political divide" and from her constituents.[78][79]

Backbencher: 2017–2019
In May 2018, Patel questioned the impartiality of the Electoral Commission and called for it to investigate Britain Stronger in Europe or to end its inquiry into the Vote Leave campaign. Patel expressed concern that Britain Stronger in Europe had been provided with services by other remain campaigns without declaring the expenditure in the appropriate way.[80] In August 2018, the Electoral Commission reported that there was no evidence that Britain Stronger in Europe had breached any laws on campaign spending.[81]

In December 2018, during the UK's Brexit negotiations, a government report was leaked which indicated that food supplies and the economy in the Republic of Ireland could be adversely affected in the event of a no-deal Brexit. Following the report, Patel commented: "This paper appears to show the government were well aware Ireland will face significant issues in a no-deal scenario. Why hasn't this point been pressed home during negotiations?" Some sections of the media reported her comments as a suggestion that Britain should exploit Ireland's fear of damage to its economy and food shortages to advance its position with the EU. She was criticised for insensitivity by several other MPs in the light of Britain's part in Ireland's Great Famine in the 19th century, in which a million people died. Patel said her comments had been taken out of context.[82][11] Irish EU Commissioner Phil Hogan said that a food blockade would result in Britain starving, not Ireland, since 43% of food consumed in the UK comes from Ireland.[83] Journalist Eilis O'Hanlon criticised the media's characterisation of Patel's comments as a "manipulative, sinister media-manufactured campaign of character assassination", further elaborating that the "divide between fact and comment broke down entirely in response to Priti Patel's comments."[84]

In February 2019, Patel tweeted supportive messages for Turning Point UK.[85][86] In March 2019, Patel backed a pamphlet published by the TaxPayers' Alliance which called for the international development budget to be reformed, and for the UK alone to decide what constitutes aid, rather than international organisations.[87]

Home Secretary: 2019–present
Patel was appointed Home Secretary by Boris Johnson in July 2019.[88] Shortly after her appointment, news had transpired that, in May 2019, Patel began working for Viasat as a strategic adviser on a salary of £5,000 a month for five hours’ work a month, without seeking prior approval from the government's Advisory Committee on Business Appointments, leading to accusations that she has broken the ministerial code for a second time.[89]

Political ideology and views
Patel is considered to be on the right-wing of the Conservative Party,[7] with the Total Politics website noting that some saw her as a "modern-day Norman Tebbit".[90] In The Guardian, the economics commentator Aditya Chakrabortty characterised her as "an out-and-out right-winger" who has no desire to "claim the centre ground" in politics.[91] Patel has cited Thatcher as her political hero,[16] and has described herself as a "massive Thatcherite" ("I apologise to no one for that"),[92] with various news sources characterising her as a Thatcherite,[16][38][93] and while profiling Patel for The Independent, Tom Peck wrote that she "could scarcely be more of a Thatcherite".[94] She served on the 1922 Committee before appointment as a Minister, and is an officer of Conservative Friends of Israel.[95]

She has taken robust stances on crime, garnering media attention after she argued for the restoration of capital punishment on the BBC's Question Time in September 2011,[96][97] although in 2016 she said she no longer held this view.[98] She opposes prisoner voting. She has also opposed allowing Jeremy Bamber, who was convicted of murder in her constituency, access to media to protest his innocence.[99] Patel had a mixed voting record on allowing same-sex marriage.[100] She ultimately voted against the 2013 Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Bill.[101][100]

Patel has been criticised by some for raising issues in the House of Commons related to her time working for the tobacco and alcohol industries.[8] As a parliamentarian, Patel has been consistently supportive of tobacco industry viewpoints: in October 2010, she voted for the smoking ban to be overturned; in December 2010, she signed a letter requesting that plain packaging for cigarettes be reconsidered. Patel has also campaigned with the drinks industry, holding a reception in parliament for the Call Time On Duty Campaign in favour of ending the alcohol duty escalator supported the Wine and Spirit Trade Association, the Scotch Whisky Association and the TaxPayers' Alliance.[102]

Speaking on BBC Radio Kent in March 2018, Patel said that she found the commonly-used abbreviation BME (for Black and Minority Ethnic) to be "patronising and insulting". This was because being born in Britain, she considered herself British first and foremost.[103]

She has served as a Vice-chair of Conservative Friends of Israel.[104]

Personal life
Patel has been married to Alex Sawyer since 2004.[105] Sawyer is a marketing consultant for the stock exchange NASDAQ. He is a Conservative councillor and Cabinet Member for Communities on the council of the London Borough of Bexley.[106][107][108] Sawyer also worked part-time as her office manager from February 2014 to August 2017.[108][109] Together they have a son born in August 2008

Everton

Everton Football Club (/ˈɛvərtən/) is an English professional football club based in Walton, Liverpool, that competes in the Premier League, the top flight of English football. The club has competed in the top division for a record 116 seasons, missing the top division only four times (1930–31, 1951–52, 1952–53, and 1953–54) since The Football League was created in 1888. The club has won the League Championship nine times (fourth most), the FA Cup five times (ninth most), and the UEFA Cup Winners Cup once.

Formed in 1878, Everton was a founding member of The Football League in 1888 and won its first League Championship two seasons later. Following four League Championship and two FA Cup wins, Everton experienced a lull in the immediate post World War II period, until a revival in the 1960s saw the club win two League Championships and an FA Cup. The mid-1980s represented its most recent period of sustained success, with two League Championships, an FA Cup, and the 1985 European Cup Winners' Cup. The club's most recent major trophy was the 1995 FA Cup.

The club's supporters are known as Evertonians. Everton has a rivalry with Liverpool, and the two sides contest the Merseyside derby. The club has been based at Goodison Park in Walton since 1892, after moving from Anfield following a row over its rent. The club's home colours are royal blue shirts with white shorts and socks.
Everton were founded as St Domingo FC in 1878[2][3] so that members of the congregation of St Domingo Methodist New Connexion Chapel in Breckfield Road North, Everton could play sport year round – cricket was played in summer. The club's first game was a 1–0 victory over Everton Church Club.[4] The club was renamed Everton in November 1879 after the local area, as people outside the congregation wished to participate.[4][5]

The club was a founding member of the Football League in 1888–89 and won their first League Championship title in the 1890–91 season. Everton won the FA Cup for the first time in 1906 and the League Championship again in 1914–15. The outbreak of the First World War in 1914 interrupted the football programme while Everton were champions, which was something that would again occur in 1939
It was not until 1927 that Everton's first sustained period of success began. In 1925 the club signed Dixie Dean from Tranmere Rovers. In 1927–28, Dean set the record for top-flight league goals in a single season with 60 goals in 39 league games, which is a record that still stands. He helped Everton win their third League Championship that season.[8] However, Everton were relegated to the Second Division two years later during internal turmoil at the club. The club quickly rebounded and was promoted at the first attempt, while scoring a record number of goals in the Second Division. On return to the top flight in 1931–32, Everton wasted no time in reaffirming their status and won a fourth League Championship at the first opportunity.[9][10] Everton also won their second FA Cup in 1933 with a 3–0 win against Manchester City in the final. The era ended in 1938–39 with a fifth League Championship.[11][12]

The outbreak of the Second World War again saw the suspension of league football, and when official competition resumed in 1946, the Everton team had been split up and paled in comparison to the pre-war team. Everton were relegated for the second time in 1950–51 and did not earn promotion until 1953–54, when they finished as runners-up in their third season in the Second Division. The club have been a top-flight presence ever since
Everton's second successful era started when Harry Catterick was made manager in 1961. In 1962–63, his second season in charge, Everton won the League Championship.[14] In 1966 the club won the FA Cup with a 3–2 win over Sheffield Wednesday.[15] Everton again reached the final in 1968, but this time were unable to overcome West Bromwich Albion at Wembley.[16] Two seasons later in 1969–70, Everton won the League Championship, finishing nine points clear of nearest rivals Leeds United.[17] During this period, Everton were the first English club to achieve five consecutive years in European competitions – covering the seasons from 1961–62 to 1966–67.[18]

However, the success did not last; the team finished fourteenth, fifteenth, seventeenth and seventh in the following seasons. Harry Catterick retired, but his successors failed to win any silverware for the remainder of the 1970s despite finishing fourth in 1974–75 under manager Billy Bingham, third in 1977–78 and fourth the following season under manager Gordon Lee. Lee was sacked in 1981
Howard Kendall took over as manager and guided Everton to their most successful era. Domestically, Everton won the FA Cup in 1984 and two League Championships in 1984–85 and 1986–87. In Europe, the club won its first, and so far only, European trophy by securing the European Cup Winners' Cup in 1985.[20] The European success came after first beating University College Dublin, Inter Bratislava and Fortuna Sittard. Then, Everton defeated German giants Bayern Munich 3–1 in the semi-finals, despite trailing at half time (in a match voted the greatest in Goodison Park history), and recorded the same scoreline over Austrian club Rapid Vienna in the final.[21] Having won both the League and Cup Winners' Cup in 1985, Everton came very close to winning a treble, but lost to Manchester United in the FA Cup final.[20] The following season, 1985–86, Everton were runners-up to neighbours Liverpool in both the League and the FA Cup, but did recapture the League Championship in 1986–87.

After the Heysel Stadium disaster and the subsequent ban of all English clubs from continental football, Everton lost the chance to compete for more European trophies. A large proportion of the title-winning side was broken up following the ban. Kendall himself moved to Athletic Bilbao after the 1987 title triumph and was succeeded by assistant Colin Harvey. Harvey took Everton to the 1989 FA Cup Final, but lost 3–2 after extra time to Liverpool.

Everton were founding members of the Premier League in 1992, but struggled to find the right manager. Howard Kendall had returned in 1990, but could not repeat his previous success. His successor, Mike Walker, was statistically the least successful Everton manager to date. When former Everton player Joe Royle took over in 1994, the club's form started to improve; his first game in charge was a 2–0 victory over derby rivals Liverpool. Royle dragged Everton clear of relegation and led the club to the FA Cup for the fifth time in its history by defeating Manchester United 1–0 in the final. The cup triumph was also Everton's passport to the Cup Winners' Cup – their first European campaign in the post-Heysel era. Progress under Royle continued in 1995–96 as they climbed to sixth place in the Premiership.[20] A fifteenth-place finish the following season saw Royle resign towards the end of the campaign, and he was temporarily replaced by club captain Dave Watson.

Howard Kendall was appointed Everton manager for the third time in 1997, but the appointment proved unsuccessful as Everton finished seventeenth in the Premiership. The club only avoided relegation due to their superior goal difference over Bolton Wanderers. Former Rangers manager Walter Smith then took over from Kendall in the summer of 1998, but only managed three successive finishes in the bottom half of the table.[20] The Everton board finally ran out of patience with Smith, and he was sacked in March 2002 after an FA Cup exit at Middlesbrough and with Everton in real danger of relegation.[22] His replacement, David Moyes, guided Everton to a safe finish in fifteenth place.[23][24]

In 2002–03 Everton finished seventh, which was their highest finish since 1996. It was under Moyes' management that Wayne Rooney broke into the first team before being sold to Manchester United for a club record fee of £28 million in the summer of 2004.[25] A fourth-place finish in 2004–05 ensured that Everton qualified for the UEFA Champions League qualifying round. The team failed to make it through to the Champions League group stage and were then eliminated from the UEFA Cup. Everton qualified for the 2007–08[26] and 2008–09 UEFA Cup competitions, and they were runners-up in the 2009 FA Cup Final. During this period, Moyes broke the club record for highest transfer fee paid on four occasions: signing James Beattie for £6 million in January 2005,[27] Andy Johnson for £8.6 million in summer 2006,[27] Yakubu for £11.25 million in summer 2007,[28] and Marouane Fellaini for £15 million in September 2008.[29]

At the end of the 2012–13 season, Moyes left his position at Everton to take over at Manchester United. He was replaced by Roberto Martínez,[30] who led Everton to 5th place in the Premier League in his first season while amassing the club's best points tally in 27 years with 72.[31] The following season, Martínez led Everton to the last 16 of the 2014-15 UEFA Europa League, where they were defeated by Dynamo Kyiv,[32] whilst domestically finishing 11th in the Premier League. Everton reached the semi-finals of both the League Cup and the FA Cup in 2015–16, but were defeated in both. After a poor run of form in the Premier League, Martínez was sacked following the penultimate game of the season, with Everton lying in 12th place.[33]

Martínez was replaced in the summer of 2016 by Ronald Koeman, who left Southampton to sign a 3-year contract with Everton.[34] In his first season at the club he guided them back into the group stages of the Europa League, after finishing 7th. A poor start to the following season left Everton in the relegation zone after nine games, and Koeman was sacked on 23 October following a 5–2 home defeat to Arsenal.[35] After a five-week period with David Unsworth acting as caretaker manager, Sam Allardyce was appointed as Everton manager in November 2017,[36] but he resigned at the end of the season amid fan discontent at his style of play.[37] Marco Silva was named Everton manager in May 2018.[38]

On 8 November 2018, Everton was banned from signing academy football players from their youth clubs for 2 years.[39]

Colours
Everton's traditional home colours are royal blue shirts, white shorts and white socks. However, during the first decades of their history, Everton had several different kit colours. The team originally played in white and then blue and white stripes, but as new players arriving at the club wore their old team's shirts during matches, confusion soon ensued. It was decided that the shirts would be dyed black, both to save on expenses and to instill a more professional look. However, the kit appeared morbid, so a scarlet sash was added.[40] When the club moved to Goodison Park in 1892, the colours were salmon pink and dark blue striped shirts with dark blue shorts. The club later switched to ruby shirts with blue trim and dark blue shorts. Royal blue jerseys with white shorts were first used in the 1901–02 season.[40] The club played in sky blue in 1906; however, the fans protested, and the colour reverted to royal blue. Occasionally, Everton have played in lighter shades than royal blue (such as in 1930–31 and 1997–98).[41] The home kit today is royal blue shirts with white shorts and socks. The club may also wear all blue to avoid any colour clashes. The home goalkeeper attire for the 2014–15 season was all yellow.

Everton's traditional away colours were white shirts with black shorts, but from 1968 amber shirts and royal blue shorts became common. Various editions appeared throughout the 1970s and 1980s. Recently, black, white, grey and yellow away shirts have been used. The away shirt for the 2011–12 season was reverted to an amber shirt with navy blue shorts.[42] The current away kit is a black shirt with a pink trim, while their third kit is a white shirt with a blue design on the front in the shape of Prince Ruperts Tower.

Crest
At the end of the 1937–38 season, Everton secretary Theo Kelly, who later became the club's first manager, wanted to design a club necktie. It was agreed that the colour be blue, and Kelly was given the task of designing a crest to be featured on the necktie. He worked on it for four months until deciding on a reproduction of Everton Lock-Up, which stands in the heart of the Everton district.[43] The Lock-Up has been inextricably linked with the Everton area since its construction in 1787. It was originally used as a bridewell to incarcerate mainly drunks and minor criminals, and it still stands today on Everton Brow. The Lock-Up was accompanied by two laurel wreaths on either side and, according to the College of Arms in London, Kelly chose to include the laurels as they were the sign of winners. The crest was accompanied by the club motto, "Nil Satis Nisi Optimum", meaning "Nothing but the best is good enough".[43] The ties were first worn by Kelly and the Everton chairman, Mr. E. Green, on the first day of the 1938–39 season.[43]

The club rarely incorporated a badge of any description on its shirts. An interwoven "EFC" design was adopted between 1922 and 1930 before the club reverted to plain royal blue shirts until 1972 when bold "EFC" lettering was added. The crest designed by Kelly was first used on the team's shirts in 1978 and has remained there ever since, while undergoing gradual change to become the version used today.

In May 2013, the club launched a new crest to improve the reproducibility of the design in print and broadcast media, particularly on a small scale.[44] Critics[who?] suggested that it was external pressure from sports manufacturer Nike, Inc. that evoked the redesign as the number of colours had been reduced and the radial effect was removed, which made the kit more cost efficient to reproduce.[citation needed] The redesign was poorly received by supporters, with a poll on an Everton fan site registering a 91% negative response to the crest.[45] A protest petition reached over 22,000 signatures before the club offered an apology and announced a new crest would be created for the 2014–15 season with an emphasis on fan consultation. Shortly afterwards, the Head of Marketing left the club. The latest crest was revealed by the club on 3 October 2013. After a consultation process with the supporters, three new crests were shortlisted. In the final vote, the new crest was chosen by almost 80% of the supporters that took part[46][47] and began being used in July 2014.
Nickname
Everton's most widely recognised nickname "The Toffees" or "The Toffeemen", which came about after Everton had moved to Goodison. There are several explanations for how this name came to be adopted with the best known being that there was a business in Everton village, between Everton Brow and Brow Side, named Mother Noblett's, which was a toffee shop that sold sweets including the Everton Mint. It was also located opposite the lock up which Everton's club crest is based on. The Toffee Lady tradition in which a girl walks around the perimeter of the pitch before the start of a game tossing free Everton Mints into the crowd symbolises the connection. Another possible reason is that there was a house named Ye Anciente Everton Toffee House in nearby Village Street, Everton, run by Ma Bushell. The toffee house was located near the Queen's Head hotel in which early club meetings took place.[49]

Everton have had many other nicknames over the years. When the black kit was worn, Everton were nicknamed "The Black Watch" after the famous army regiment.[50] Since going blue in 1901, Everton have been given the simple nickname "The Blues". Everton's attractive style of play led to Steve Bloomer calling the team "scientific" in 1928, which is thought to have inspired the nickname "The School of Science".[51] The battling 1995 FA Cup winning side were known as "The Dogs of War". When David Moyes arrived as manager, he proclaimed Everton as "The People's Club", which has been adopted as a semi-official club nickname.[52]

Stadium
Everton originally played in the southeast corner of Stanley Park. The first official match took place in 1879. In 1882, a man named J. Cruitt donated land at Priory Road which became the club's home. In 1884 Everton became tenants at Anfield, which was owned by John Orrell, a land owner who was a friend of Everton F.C. member John Houlding. Orrell lent Anfield to the club in exchange for a small rent. Houlding purchased the land from Orrell in 1885 and effectively became Everton's landlord by charging the club rent, which increased from £100 to £240 a year by 1888 – and was still rising until Everton left the ground in 1892.[53][54] The club regarded the increase in rent as unacceptable.[54] A further dispute between Houlding and the club's committee led to Houlding attempting to gain full control of the club by registering the company, "Everton F.C. and Athletic Grounds Ltd". Everton left Anfield for a new ground, Goodison Park, where the club have played ever since. Houlding attempted to take over Everton's name, colours, fixtures and league position, but was denied by The Football Association. Instead, Houlding formed a new club, Liverpool F.C.[55]

Goodison Park, the first major football stadium to be built in England, was opened in 1892.[56] Goodison Park has staged more top-flight football games than any other ground in the United Kingdom and was the only English club ground to host a semi-final at the 1966 FIFA World Cup. It was also the first English ground to have under soil heating and the first to have two tiers on all sides. The church grounds of St Luke the Evangelist are adjacent to the corner of the Main Stand and the Howard Kendall Gwladys Street End.[57]

On match days, in a tradition going back to 1962, players walk out to the theme song for Z-Cars, which is named "Johnny Todd".[58] It is a traditional Liverpool children's song collected in 1890 by Frank Kidson and tells the story of a sailor betrayed by his lover while away at sea.[59] On two separate occasions in 1994, the club walked out to different songs. In August 1994, the club played 2 Unlimited's song "Get Ready For This". A month later, the club used a reworking of the Creedence Clearwater Revival classic "Bad Moon Rising". Both songs were met with complete disapproval by Everton fans.[60]

Training facilities
Further information: Finch Farm
From 1966 to 2007, Everton trained at Bellefield in the West Derby area of Liverpool.[61] They moved to the Finch Farm training complex in Halewood in 2007. The training ground houses both the Everton first team and the youth academy.

Proposed new stadia
There have been indications since 1996 that Everton will move to a new stadium. The original plan was for a new 60,000 seat stadium, but in 2000 a proposal was submitted to build a 55,000 seat stadium as part of the King's Dock regeneration. This proposal was unsuccessful as Everton failed to generate the £30 million needed for a half stake in the stadium project, and the city council rejected the proposal in 2003.[62] Late in 2004, driven by the Liverpool Council and the Northwest Development Corporation, the club entered talks with Liverpool F.C. about sharing a proposed stadium on Stanley Park. However, negotiations broke down as Everton failed to raise 50% of the costs.[63] On 11 January 2005, Liverpool announced that ground-sharing was not a possibility and proceeded to plan their own Stanley Park Stadium.[64]

Everton entered into talks with the Knowsley Council and Tesco in June 2006 over the possibility of building a new 55,000 seat stadium, expandable to over 60,000, in Kirkby.[65] The plan became known as The Kirkby Project. The club took the unusual move of giving its supporters a say in the club's future by holding a ballot on the proposal with the results being in favour of it, 59% to 41%.[66] Opponents to the plan included other local councils concerned by the effect of a large Tesco store being built as part of the development and a group of fans demanding that Everton should remain within the city boundaries of Liverpool.[66] Following a public inquiry into the project,[67] the central government rejected the proposal.[68] Local and regional politicians attempted to put together an amended rescue plan with the Liverpool City Council calling a meeting with Everton F.C. The plan was to assess some suitable sites short listed within the city boundary.[69][70] However, the amended plan was also not successful.

The Liverpool City Council Regeneration and Transport Select Committee meeting on 10 February 2011 featured a proposal to open the Bootle Branch line using "Liverpool Football Club and Everton Football Club as priorities, as economic enablers of the project".[71] This proposal would place both football clubs on a rapid transit Merseyrail line that would circle the city and ease transport access. In September 2014 the club, working with the Liverpool City Council and Liverpool Mutual Homes, outlined initial plans to build a new stadium in Walton Hall Park.[72] However, those plans were later scrapped in May 2016 with the prospect of two new sites being identified for the club.[73] At the Annual General Meeting in January 2017, the chairman, Bill Kenwright revealed that Bramley-Moore Dock was the preferred site for the new stadium, with a new railway station and a new road being funded by the City Council.[74] The choice of the Bramley Moore Dock site was endorsed in a public consultation exercise conducted in 2018.[75] Architect Dan Meis has been charged with designing a new stadium for Everton,[76] and the endeavour, called The People's Project, is now in its second stage of consultation.[77]

Supporters and rivalries
Further information: Everton F.C. supporters
Everton have a large fanbase, with the eighth highest average attendance in the Premier League in the 2008–09 season.[78] The majority of Everton's matchday support comes from the North West of England, primarily Merseyside, Cheshire, West Lancashire and parts of Western Greater Manchester along with many fans who travel from North Wales and Ireland. Within the city of Liverpool, support for Everton and city rivals Liverpool is not determined by geographical basis with supporters mixed across the city. Everton also have many supporters' clubs worldwide[79] in places such as North America,[80] Singapore,[81] Indonesia, Lebanon, Malaysia,[82] Thailand, India and Australia.[83][84] The official supporters club is FOREVERTON,[85] and there are also several fanzines including When Skies are Grey and Speke from the Harbour, which are sold around Goodison Park on match days.

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