نادي بشكتاش

نادي بشكتاش (بالتركية: .Beşiktaş J.K) أو كما يعرف باسم نادي بشكتاش للجمباز (بالتركية: Beşiktaş Jimnastik Kulübü) هو نادٍ رياضي تركي من بشكطاش في إسطنبول، ويبرز الفريق في لعبة كرة القدم بشكل أكبر. تأسس في 3 مارس من عام 1903. ولكن تسجيله رسمياً بعد سبع سنوات من تأسيسه أي في سنة 1910 كأول نادي تركي يتم تدوينه في كرة قدم. يلعب حالياً في الدوري التركي الممتاز، ويخوض مبارياته الرسمية على ملعب فودافون ارينا والذي يتسع لجلوس 41,903 متفرج. للنادي نشاطات أخرى بجانب كرة القدم وهي كرة السلة، كرة اليد، الكرة الطائرة، السباحة، العاب القوى وغيرها من الفروع الرياضية.

تاريخ القميص والشعار
جاءت فكرة وضع قمصان موحدة لفريق كرة القدم بعد ثلاث أو أربع سنوات من تأسيس النـادي وكانت باللونين الأحمـر والأبيـض، وتم ممارسة مختلف الأنشطة الرياضية للنادي بهذه الألوان لمدة 8 سنوات، ولكن وبما أن النادي يملك في عروقه روح الإنتماء لتركيا غير اللون الأحمر إلى الأسود حداداً على فقدان بعض الأراضي التركية والبلقان في عامي 1912 - 1913، فكانت هذه بصمة حقيقية في تاريخ الرياضة التركية ككل ووسام على صدر منقطة بيشكتاش في إسطنبول قبل أن تخلد في أرشيف النـادي فكان موقفأً نبيلاً يبين أن بيشكتاش نادي تركي نابع من أجل تركيا.

كتكريم لهذا النادي العظيــم تم منحه الشرف بأنه النادي الوحيد الذي يمكنه وضع العـلم التركي داخل شعاره، لأنه لطالما كان نبيلاً من أجل وطنه حتى أنه كان يمثل المنتخب التركـي الأول بجميع لاعبيه فنال هذا الشرف الذي لا يملكه أي ناد سواه.

لعل أكثر شيء مؤلم والذي يبين طبع الوفاء للوطن في تاريخ هذا النادي الأسطوري هو وفاة الفريق بأكمله في الحرب العالمية الأولـى، حيث خرجوا بإسم الوطن وضحوا بأنفسهم لأجل تركيــا، فتم تغيير اللونين الأصلين الأحمر والأبيض إلى الأبيض والأسود، وفاءً وتخليداً لذكراهم.. لكن سرعان ما عاد الفريق بقوة ووقف على أقدامه من جديد مباشرةً بعد الحرب العالميـة الأولـي وهو ما مثل نقطة تحول كبيرة في تاريخ هذا النادي التركي العريق الذي يمتلك شعبية جارفة في تركيا وأوروبا والعالم.

ملعب الفريق
إينونو بشيكتاش
ملعب إينونو بشيكتاش هو ملعب كرة قدم يقع في مدينة إسطنبول التركية. شيّد ملعب من قبل عصمت إينونو الرئيس الثاني لجمهورية تركيا وقد تم إفتتاحه رسمياً في 19 مايو 1947، ويتسع هذا الملعب ل أكثر من 41,903 مشجع. في نهاية موسم 2013/2012 تم هدمه بالكامل ليتم تشييد ملعب آخر مكانه، ومن ومن المقر الإنتهاء من أعمال البناء في سبتمبر 2014، بتكلفة تقدر حوالي 80 مليون دولار. يستضيف الفريق في هذه الفترة في جميع مبارياته على ملعب رجب طيب أردوغان بإستثناء الديربيات التي تلعب على ملعب أتاتورك الأولمبي
فودافون أرينا هو ملعب كرة قدم متعدد الأغراض يقع في بشكطاش، إسطنبول، تركيا، يتسع لجلوس 41،903 متفرج. تم وضع حجر الأساس للملعب في 2013. بدأ بناؤه في أكتوبر 2013 وافتتح في 10 أبريل 2016.

مشاركات الفريق الأوروبية

Besiktas

Beşiktaş Jimnastik Kulübü (English: Beşiktaş Gymnastics Club), also known simply as Beşiktaş (Turkish pronunciation: [beˈʃiktaʃ]), is a Turkish sports club founded in 1903, and based in the Beşiktaş district of Istanbul, Turkey.

The club's football team is one of the most successful teams in Turkey, having never been relegated to a lower division. The team last won the Turkish Süper Lig championship during the 2016–17 season.

The home ground of Beşiktaş is Vodafone Park, a 41,903 capacity all-seater stadium located next to Dolmabahçe Palace.

The club also competes in other branches including basketball, volleyball, handball, athletics, boxing, wrestling, chess, bridge, gymnastics, rowing, table tennis, paralympic sports, Esports, and beach football
Bereket Gymnastics Club was founded on 4 March 1903 under special permission from the authorities.[12] Their sporting activities gained more freedom with the declaration of the Constitutional Monarchy in 1908. After the political events of 31 March 1909, Fuat Balkan and Mazhar Kazancı, who were in Edirne, came to Istanbul with the Movement Army. After the restoration of political order, Fuat Balkan, a proven fencing coach, and Mazhar Kazancı, a good wrestler and weight lifter, found the youths involved in gymnastics in Serencebey and persuaded them to train together. Refik and Şerafettin Beys, friends of Fuat Bey, were also good fencers. Fuat Balkan made the first floor of his home in Ihlamur the Club's headquarters, and the title of Bereket Gymnastics Club was changed to Beşiktaş Ottoman Gymnastics Club. Thus, a stronger sports club, where gymnastics, wrestling, boxing, fencing and athletics were emphasized, was formed. Founding member Mehmet Şamil Şhaplı was elected the first president of the club.[13]

In the meantime, Beşiktaş Ottoman Gymnastics Club became the first registered Turkish sports club on 13 January 1910 with the encouragement of Beyoğlu Governor Muhittin Bey. The interest among the youths of the neighborhood in the sports club grew and the number of members involved in sports quickly grew to 150. The headquarters of the club was moved from Ihlamur to Building 49 in Akaretler. When this building became too small, Building 84, also in Akaretler, became their headquarters. The yard behind this building was turned into a sports pitch.

Some of the young patriots from the Beşiktaş district of Istanbul formed two football clubs called "Valideçeşme" and "Basiret" under the leadership of Şeref Bey. The Valideçeşme and Basiret football clubs joined under the roof of Beşiktaş Ottoman Gymnastics Club in 1911. In a very short time, football became the foremost branch in the club.

For years, the original colours of Beşiktaş were believed to be Red and White; and then temporarily changed into Black and White as a sign of mourning for the dead in the Balkan Wars, which included some players of the club. Although most written sources endorse this claim, a detailed study carried out for Beşiktaş's 100th anniversary documentary had shown that red was never used in club's first colors; and Beşiktaş's colours were always Black and White.[14]

Initial years of footballWith football becoming the main sport of the Ottoman Empire around 1910, Beşiktaş members slowly started to give more attention to football. In August 1911, Ahmed Şerafettin started the football team. With the outbreak of World War I following the Balkan Wars, sporting activities at the club effectively came to a halt as many athletes left to serve on the front lines.[15] While the end of the war allowed surviving athletes to return, the team faced a difficult period during the Occupation of Istanbul, but was able to recover with the hard work of Şeref Bey.[16] Beşiktaş didn't enter the Istanbul Friday and Sunday leagues, and didn't have any championships until 1918, when they won the Istanbul Turkish 1st Sports League. In 1921, that particular league's final season, they won it again. In 1924, Beşiktaş entered the Istanbul Football League along with Galatasaray, Fenerbahçe and other Istanbul teams. Beşiktaş became the league's first champion in 1924, but was not able to have more success in the league. Galatasaray and Fenerbahçe were the two dominant teams through the middle of the 1930s.

Beşiktaş won their second Istanbul League championship in 1934, as well as their first Turkish Football Championship in the same year. In 1937, the Turkish National League was formed. In the Istanbul League season prior to the National League's inaugural season, Beşiktaş finished in fourth place, which earned them a berth in the National League. Beşiktaş finished third place in the National League, behind Fenerbahçe and Galatasaray. In 1938, Beşiktaş finished in third place in the Istanbul League and second place in the National League, behind Güneş. Beşiktaş won a record five consecutive Istanbul League championships between 1939 and 1943. In the National League, Beşiktaş finished fourth in 1939, fifth in 1940, first in 1941 and third in 1943 (in 1942 the league was not held). The club won the Istanbul League in 1945 and 1946, as well as the national league in 1944 and 1947.

After 1959
In 1959, the Turkish First League was formed, the nation's first professional football league. In the inaugural year, Beşiktaş came in third place, while in 1960 it won the league title. In 1960, the club also participated in the European Cup, becoming the first Turkish team ever to participate in the tournament. In subsequent years, Beşiktaş finished third in both 1961 and 1962, as well as second in 1963, 1964 and 1965. In 1966 and 1967, meanwhile, the club won back-to-back championship titles, and in the later year, they also won their first Turkish Super Cup. In 1968, Beşiktaş finished second.

Silent 1970s
After 1967, Beşiktaş's performance declined slightly, finishing in 8th, 12th, 5th, 4th many times, while Trabzonspor, Fenerbahçe and, occasionally Galatasaray continued their success. Beşiktaş only finished in second place once in the decade, in 1975.

1980s Revival
Beşiktaş put an end to their poor performances in 1982 with a surprise Turkish championship, earning another in 1986. They finished the league as runners-up four times in the second half of the decade. Hooliganism was a major problem that had started in Europe and had also spread throughout Turkey. Beşiktaş fan hooliganism had been an issue with many fights inside and outside the stadium, although this has become less of an issue in more recent years.

Gordon Milne era: 1987–1993
Beşiktaş had their most successful run in the Süper Lig with three consecutive championships under the management of Gordon Milne in the early 1990s. Three players of the squad – Metin Tekin, Ali Gültiken and Feyyaz Uçar – were notable for significant contributions to the team during this period. These players had been called Metin-Ali-Feyyaz ("MAF") and they formed the front of the team's line-up. The supporters composed various chants for the trio devoted to their delighting style on the pitch, their goals, and above all for their friendship and modesty. The trio is regarded by supporters as the best ever attacking line of the club.

The only three-in-a-row title term in club history occurred in the 1989–90, 1990–91 and 1991–92 seasons. Most notably, Beşiktaş became the first and only undefeated champions in Süper Lig history.[17][18]

Under Milne, the team adopted the 4–4–2 system. By playing down the lines, crossing and winning balls in the air, the team were in fine form and scored many goals. On 15 October 1989, Beşiktaş broke the Süper Lig record for the biggest winning margin in a game with a 10–0 victory over Southern Turkey team Adana Demirspor.[19] This match was designated as one of the 16 biggest matches in club history.[20]

Legend of the Black Eagles
There is a legend surrounding the nicknaming of the team as "The Black Eagles". Beşiktaş, the title holder of the previous two seasons, started the 1940–41 season with a young and renewed team. As the weeks went by, the team had built up a sizeable lead at the top of the league table. With five weeks remaining in the season, the opponent was Süleymaniye. Beşiktaş had started the game in Şeref Stadium on Sunday 19 January 1941, with the following players: Faruk, Yavuz, İbrahim, Rıfat, Halil, Hüseyin, Şakir, Hakkı, Şükrü, Şeref, Eşref. The team went ahead in the first half. Midway through the second half of the game, Beşiktaş attacked continuously, despite being in front. And then, according to legend, a voice was heard from the stands towards which Beşiktaş was attacking. The voice said, "Come on, Black Eagles! Attack, Black Eagles!" The story goes that the owner of the voice from the stands was a fisherman called Mehmet Galin. Beşiktaş finished the game with a 6–0 win. The Beşiktaş players, who had very successfully defeated their opponents that season, were being described as "Black Eagles", and the football they played was being compared to "Attacking like Black Eagles". The comparison resonated with the team and the fans, and so it was adopted by the Beşiktaş community as their team's nickname.[21]

Davy Gilles

Davy Gilles, artiestennaam van Davy Vrancken (Rillaar, 10 februari 1976), is een Vlaams acteur en (musical)zanger.
Biografie
Gilles heeft geacteerd in verschillende Vlaamse televisieseries, zoals Vennebos, Hallo België, Rupel, Verschoten & Zoon, Zone Stad en LouisLouise. Van 1998 tot 2006 vertolkte hij de rol van cafébaas Rik Ghyselinck in de Vlaamse televisieserie Familie. Van 2005 tot 2008 speelde hij de rol van verpleger Jasper Landuyt in de Vlaamse televisieserie Wittekerke.

Hij speelde ook in verschillende musicals mee. Zo vertolkte hij in 2002 de rol van Jonathan in de musical Doornroosje (Studio 100) en in 2003 de rol van Romeo in de musical Romeo en Julia, van Haat tot Liefde. In 2006 speelde hij Sky in Mamma Mia, in 2007 stond hij op het podium als de prins van Sneeuwwitje en in 2008 speelde hij Danny in de musical Grease.

In 2002 scoorde Gilles, samen met Mark Tijsmans en Dieter Verhaegen, een nummer 1-hit in de Vlaamse Top 10 met het lied De koningen, afkomstig uit de musical Romeo en Julia. Naar aanleiding van dit succes wierp hij het idee op om een boyband op te richten: De Romeo's. In plaats van Tijsmans en Verhaegen vormde Gilles deze groep samen met Chris Van Tongelen en Gunther Levi, met wie hij samen speelde in Familie. De groep werd een succes en in 2017 namen De Romeo's een speelfilm op: H.I.T..

Gilles is getrouwd met zangeres en musicalactrice Sasha Rosen, met wie hij sinds 2011 tevens een muzikaal duo vormt. Zij hebben samen een zoon (2011) en een dochter (2014). Ook heeft Gilles twee kinderen uit eerdere verhoudingen.
Als je bij me bent (1995)
Elke nacht (1996)
Helemaal van jou (1997)
Dicht bij jou (1999)
Zonder woorden (1999)
Hoe mooi (1999)
Altijd weer thuis (2000)
Niet denken maar doen (2009)
Album:

Samen sterker (2010)
De Romeo's
Zie De Romeo's voor de discografie van De Romeo's

Friends Ross

Ross Eustace Geller, Ph.D.,[1] is a fictional character from the NBC sitcom Friends, portrayed by David Schwimmer. Ross is considered by many to be the most intelligent member of the group and is noted for his goofy but lovable demeanor.[2] His relationship with Rachel Green was included in TV Guide's list of the best TV couples of all time, as well as Entertainment Weekly's "30 Best 'Will They/Won't They?' TV Couples".[3] Kevin Bright, one of the executive producers of the show, had worked with Schwimmer before, so the writers were already developing Ross's character in Schwimmer's voice; hence, Schwimmer was the first person to be cast on the show.
Appearances
Ross is a paleontologist and has a Ph.D. from Columbia University. His romantic feelings toward Rachel Green, which began as a high-school infatuation, are an ongoing theme of his narrative arc. Likewise, their on-again, off-again romantic relationship is a nearly constant theme of Friends.

Born on October 18, 1967 (although in one episode he claims his birthday is in December and in episode 4 of season 1 he says that it is Oct 20th and his birthday was 7 months ago), and raised on Long Island, Ross is the elder brother of Monica Geller. Ross and Monica are Jewish and see themselves as at least cultural Jews, with Ross taking a more active role in wanting to teach his son, Ben, about the faith. Ross gets divorced and is newly single in the very first episode because his wife, Carol, has realized she's a lesbian. Later in the series, he dates Rachel Green, but their relationship results in a break-up. After his relationship with Rachel ends, Ross gets married to Emily Waltham, the niece of Rachel's boss. The marriage doesn't last long. In season 5, Ross marries Rachel in Las Vegas when the two are drunk, and ultimately that marriage results in a divorce as well. Throughout the whole series, Ross gets divorced 3 times.

A running theme in Ross's narrative is his competition with his younger sister, manifested through wrestling and paranoia. As children, they took part in an American football match for the Geller Cup every Thanksgiving. This tradition ended in its sixth year, after Monica "accidentally" broke Ross's nose. The siblings came up with a dance in primary school called "The Routine", which they performed as adults at Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve in a New Year's Eve TV broadcast.[5]

When they were kids, Monica used to hate Ross because he always got his way and she felt he was loved more than her, as their parents’ first child. However, as time passed and they grew up, she actually liked Ross as a person and loved him more than out of a sense of family obligation. As adults they became close, though the competition between them was still visible as seen in the season three episode, "The One with the Football".

Ross often comes into conflict with Phoebe Buffay. His rationality and Phoebe's eccentricity lead to conflict over evolution, gravity, and whether Phoebe's mother was reincarnated as a cat. It is also revealed that Phoebe once mugged Ross (stealing a copy of the comic book Science Boy that Ross had created) when they were teenagers. The two are roommates for a few weeks when a fire forces Phoebe to move out of her apartment. She first moves into Chandler Bing and Monica's apartment, but then decides she wants to give the newly engaged couple some privacy, so she moves in with Ross. In a "flashback" episode, they are alone at a bar and start kissing, but the moment quickly passes when Ross keeps bumping his head. Phoebe also helps Ross on numerous occasions, ultimately making him realize that he loves Rachel and they both are meant to be together.

Since college, Ross' best friend has been Chandler Bing. In college, they were in a band called Way/No Way, and Ross blamed Chandler when he was caught smoking marijuana. They become brothers-in-law after Chandler marries Monica. Though they are best friends, at times Chandler gets annoyed with Ross's geeky behavior.

Ross is friends with Rachel Green, whom he has had a crush on since high school. Rachel viewed Ross as ‘Monica’s geeky older brother’ during high school. During the first episode of the series, when they meet after years apart, he rediscovers his feelings for her. They become close and have an on-and-off romantic relationship through the series. In the final season of the show, Rachel tells him that he means more to her than any other member of their group.

He is also close friends with Joey Tribbiani and helps him with acting auditions. He kisses Joey once in order to help him practice a role as a gay man, only to find out that Joey had already done the audition and didn't get the part. Joey and Ross also briefly try to cut Chandler out of their friend group after Chandler ignores them. They once fall asleep together on the couch after watching Die Hard. Toward the end of the series, however, Ross and Joey become closer friends, often hanging out together after Chandler gets married.

Ross often tries to bring out the best of his friends in difficult situations. For instance, in season 2, he encourages Joey to audition for Another World after being fired from Days of Our Lives despite Joey's refusal to audition for a two-line part of a secondary character. In season 7, he buys Phoebe the bike of her dreams but threatens to take it away from her because of her reluctance to learn how to ride it. Also, when he discovers that Joey has a crush on Rachel, he tells him to tell her about it and go for it instead of hiding it, even though he finds it difficult to accept the idea of Joey and Rachel being together. Above all, Ross is portrayed as a very sweet, loving and adorable character who is always looking out for everyone's best interests and often the most mature compared to the rest of the gang (despite his ego, outbursts, and paranoia).

He has two children. Ross's son, Ben, was conceived while Ross and Carol were still married and born at the end of Season 1. Ross shares joint custody of Ben with his ex-wife Carol and her wife Susan.

Ben appeared in a total of 24 episodes (25 if you include uncut episodes) and was played chronologically as follows: as an infant by Michael Gunderson Season 1 to 2, by brothers Charles Thomas Allen and John Christopher Allen from Season 3 to 5, and by Cole Sprouse from Season 6 to 8.

Ross's daughter with Rachel, Emma Geller-Green, was born at the end of Season 8. Rachel's pregnancy was originally revealed in the season finale of Season 7. The conception of Emma was predominantly the result of a one-night stand, which was later revealed in the Season 8 episode, "The One With The Videotape".

Ross claims to have "given up a career in basketball" to become a paleontologist, and claims that the ideas for Jurassic Park and Die Hard were stolen from him. He also had major interest in music, playing keyboard for hours in the basement of their house in Long Island.

Ross had a pet in the earlier seasons of the show: a white-headed capuchin monkey named Marcel.

Relationships
Over the course of the show, Ross dates a considerable number of women. He married three times and is divorced three times. His proclivity to marry and divorce is a running gag within the series.

Julie: An old graduate school colleague, portrayed by Lauren Tom. She first appears in the final scene of the season 1 finale, returning with Ross from an archeological dig in China. They start dating in season 2 but break up after Ross discovers Rachel's feelings for him and decides he wants to be with her instead.
Bonnie: A love interest (played by Christine Taylor) introduced to Ross by Phoebe, Bonnie is formerly a militant bald woman who no longer shaves her head. She enjoyed a sex-filled relationship with Ross, until a conniving Rachel broke them up by first encouraging Bonnie up to shave her head again, which she knows will bother Ross, and later by revealing she was interested in reuniting with Ross.
Mona: A love interest he met at Monica and Chandler's wedding (portrayed by Bonnie Somerville). Ross becomes paranoid after Mona proposes to send out Christmas cards together, and in a panic decides to give her a key to his apartment. It is later revealed that Mona is unable to say "I love you" yet, and delivers what the female friends refer to as "an emotional slap in the face" with "I love spending time with you". The relationship ends when Mona discovers that Rachel is living in Ross's apartment, after Ross neglects to tell her this himself.
Chloe: Ross's only relationship with Chloe (referred to in a few prior episodes as "The cute girl from the copy place with the belly button ring") was a one-night stand during a "break" with his relationship with Rachel, which interferes with their attempt to get back together. Although only covered over two episodes in season 3, Ross' fling with Chloe would be the basis of the "We were on a break!" running joke that would last until the very end of the series.
Janice: Ross has a brief fling with Janice, Chandler's ex-girlfriend, in season 5. Phoebe said they would have very hairy children. Janice ironically dumps Ross because he whines too much. Ross, worried about how he would react, tells Chandler, who laughs. Janice breaks it off with Ross because she thinks he whines to much. After dumping him, she exclaims,"2 out of three." and then looks at Joey, meaning she's going to date him next.
Elizabeth Stevens: A pretty 20-year-old student who Ross teaches during his first year as a professor. The two go through a tremendous amount of effort to keep their relationship a secret from the faculty, as Ross would get fired for dating a student. He even tries to get on good terms with Elizabeth's father Paul (Bruce Willis), who in turn threatens to report him to the university. Ross eventually manages to blackmail Paul into pretending to like him by threatening to reveal Paul's embarrassing mirror dance routine to Rachel (who dates him briefly). Despite Paul no longer being a threat, Ross eventually realizes he sees no future in his relationship with Elizabeth and decides to break up with her due to her immaturity.
Charlie Wheeler: Ross meets Charlie (Aisha Tyler) in "The One With The Soap Opera Party".[6] She is a paleontologist who has recently joined Ross's department. She initially dates Joey before breaking up with him and gravitating toward Ross, after realizing she has more things in common with Ross. She eventually reconciles with her ex-boyfriend and breaks up with Ross.
Cheryl: A very attractive woman that Ross briefly dates. He decides he wants to pursue a relationship with her, but is stifled by her incredibly filthy apartment. Despite her own living quarters being littered with garbage and infested with all kinds of pests, she can't stand the "weird smell" of Ross' apartment, which is why she doesn't like being there. After Ross breaks off the relationship after being covered in all kinds of trash in an attempt to make out with Cheryl, Monica later visits her and offers to clean her apartment, revealing she "couldn't sleep" after Ross told her about it.
Jill Green: Ross very briefly dates Rachel's spoiled younger sister Jill (played by Reese Witherspoon) after her father sends her to New York to take lessons from Rachel in self-sufficiency. Although Jill actually finds Ross a geek, she dates him out of spite because Rachel is uncomfortable with it and tells her "she's always wanted what she couldn't have".
Rachel Green
Rachel is Ross's most significant relationship during the series. His attraction to her is established early on; Ross met Rachel through his sister Monica, who was Rachel's best friend in high school. He developed an unrequited crush on her, but never followed through on it. After leaving college, Ross married Carol, whom he had met at college, and had seemingly put his feelings for Rachel aside before he met her again in The Pilot.

They have an on-again, off-again dynamic throughout most of the show.

In the Season 1 finale, Ross has to go to China for his work so he asks Chandler to give Rachel a present on her birthday which he had bought for her. Chandler does give the present to Rachel during her birthday celebration while Ross is in China but also accidentally reveals Ross's feelings for Rachel, prompting Rachel to panic and start thinking about Ross in a romantic way. After Ross arrives back from China, Rachel goes to the airport to receive him on realising that she likes him, but she sees him with Julie and reluctantly backs off.

In Season 2 episode The One Where Ross Finds Out, Rachel is on a date with a guy when she confesses to Ross over the phone in a drunken state that she had feelings for him but now she is over him. Ross hears this message the next day at Monica's apartment with Rachel begging him not to check his messages. Later, in the same episode they share a passionate kiss at the doors of Central Perk. Later he breaks up with Julie but Rachel decides she doesn't want to be with him after finding out that he had made a list, on the insistence of Chandler, comparing the good and bad qualities about her and Julie.

The two begin dating each other only from Episode 15 of Season 2 after in the earlier episode The One with the Prom Video it is revealed that Ross despite being two years senior to Rachel had decided to be her date on her and Monica's prom, as Rachel's date had not arrived, only to be left disappointed as her date arrives and they both along with Monica and her date take off for the prom. Rachel famously kisses Ross on learning this revelation. However, they take a break from their relationship on their one-year anniversary together. That night, Ross has a one-night stand with Chloe, which officially ends their relationship. They get together again at the end of Season 3 but again break up at the start of Season 4. Some of the later episodes show them to be still in love with each other such as when Ross cancels his Discovery channel show appearance to be with Rachel when she breaks her rib or when Rachel flies to London to tell Ross before his wedding with Emily, that she's still in love with him, only to realize that it would be better not to tell.

Ross and Rachel also marry each other after getting heavily drunk in Las Vegas. This marriage ends in a divorce after a failed application for an annulment.

In the 7th-season premiere, after the news of Monica and Chandler's engagement, a passionate moment between them leads to Ross and Rachel kissing. Monica is hurt by this as she believed that Rachel was trying to “steal her thunder”. The kiss is later revealed to have happened because Rachel was upset thinking about the fact that she was “not even close” to being engaged.

In beginning of season 8, it is revealed on the day of Monica and Chandler's wedding that Rachel is pregnant, with the father unknown to everyone but her. In the season 8 finale, Ross's daughter with Rachel named Emma Geller-Green is born, as a result of their one night stand prior to Chandler and Monica's wedding.

In the final episode of the show, when Rachel is moving to Paris for her job with a new fashion brand, Ross tells her at the airport that he loves her and asks not to leave. Rachel initially doesn't heed his feelings, but when the plane is about to take off, she realizes that she loves him too and gets off the plane. They profess their love for each other and decide to be together once and for all. In the spin-off series Joey, it is mentioned that Ross and Rachel eventually re-married shortly after the series finale.

Carol Willick
Carol (Anita Barone for pilot episode, Jane Sibbett thereafter) is Ross's first wife and the mother of his son Ben. In the very first episode, Carol has just moved out of their apartment after coming out of the closet as a lesbian and leaving Ross for a woman named Susan Bunch, whom she later marries.

In the early days, however, Ross and Carol seemed to have had a very passionate relationship. Carol is the only woman he's ever had sex with (and hence lost his virginity to) at the start of the series. It is also revealed they shared a steamy session at Disneyland behind the "Dutch children" in It's a Small World, which got them a lifetime ban from the theme park. In the third season episode, "The One with the Flashback", it is revealed that Carol met Susan at her gym, and it is implied that they had a short affair before Carol could no longer bring herself to cheat on Ross, who innocently believed they were just friends, and told him the truth.

Ross maintains a fairly healthy relationship with Carol after their divorce and both decide to raise Ben together through shared parenting, but he doesn't hide his contempt for Susan as he believes she destroyed their marriage and since she initially wanted to keep him out of Ben's life, having once told him to his face that the baby was not his anymore. He briefly considers getting back together with Carol and they even share a kiss at a sushi restaurant, but Carol makes it clear that she can't reciprocate his feelings and has chosen to be with Susan.

Carol's lack of romantic feelings towards Ross is reinforced in the alternate timeline episode "The One that Could have Been" (season 6). Exploring what could have happened if Ross and Carol never got divorced, it is revealed that they have been on a sexual dry spell that has lasted for months. Carol is very excited when Ross proposes they have a threesome with another woman. Picking Susan, whom she met at her gym just like in the real timeline, the two girls end up mostly having sex without Ross. He explains to Joey that he felt like a third wheel and ended up being so bored he made himself a sandwich. Ross realizes his wife is a lesbian when Rachel's "could have been" character states outright that Carol "sounds gay."

Emily Waltham
During the fourth season, Ross meets and falls in love with Emily Waltham (Helen Baxendale), a British woman who is set up with Ross by Rachel. Six weeks into their relationship, Ross spontaneously asks Emily to move in with him. This escalates into a marriage proposal. The two plan a wedding in London, to which Rachel is invited.

During the ceremony, Ross, upon seeing Rachel, has a slip of the tongue and says Rachel's name instead of Emily's during his vows. Emily is furious and exits her own wedding. Later, however, she decides to forgive Ross, and reaches the airport in time to leave for their honeymoon, but is upset when she sees Ross and Rachel boarding the plane together after Ross, having given up on meeting Emily at the airport, invites Rachel on their honeymoon as friend. She flees again, and Ross unsuccessfully tries to follow her, and Rachel ends up going on their honeymoon alone. Emily, later, calls Ross only to confront him by saying that he has to stop calling / harassing her relatives, but Ross makes her reveal her love for him. She said that she will return only if Ross stops being friends with Rachel. Unable to do so, Ross ends his marriage with Emily.

Shortly before Emily gets remarried to an anonymous man (although it might be assumed it is former lover Colin, whom she previously dumped to be with Ross), she gets cold feet and calls Ross to ask if their divorce wasn't a mistake.

While Ross is on a police ride-a-long with Phoebe's cop boyfriend Gary, Rachel hears and accidentally deletes Emily's message on the answering machine. Despite Monica pleading to keep Ross in the dark about it, Rachel tells him that Emily called, as she believes he should be in charge of his own happiness.

When he starts to doubt whether or not he should return Emily's call, however, Rachel is quick to convince him not to. From this point onwards, Emily is never seen or mentioned in the show again.

Reception
Ross Geller has become a well-known figure in pop culture, in particular due to his relationship with Rachel Green, his neurotic nature, and his love for dinosaurs.

In 2015, a play titled Ross & Rachel debuted at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival.[7]

In October 2016, Ross Geller was voted "the Best Friends Character" in an international poll held by Comedy Central, during six weeks of "FriendsFest" on the channel

Hauswinkelspinne

Die Hauswinkelspinne (Tegenaria domestica, Syn.: T. derhami, T. domesticus), auch Kellerspinne oder „Hausspinne“ genannt, ist eine von mindestens acht in Mitteleuropa heimischen Arten der Gattung der Winkelspinnen (Tegenaria) aus der Familie der Trichterspinnen (Agelenidae).

Der deutsche Trivialname „Hausspinne“ wird landläufig bei vielen Spinnen der Gattung Tegenaria und verwandter Gattungen (z. B. Eratigena) verwendet, die auch oft in Häusern zu finden sind. Neben der Hauswinkelspinne sind das:

die Mauerwinkelspinne (Tegenaria parietina),
die Rostrote Winkelspinne (Tegenaria ferruginea),
und die Große Winkelspinne (Eratigena atrica, Syn.: Tegenaria atrica).
Die Hauswinkelspinne Tegenaria domestica kann leicht mit anderen Arten der Gattung verwechselt werden. Zur Unterscheidung ist die Zeichnung des Sternums heranzuziehen.
Lebensraum und Verbreitung
Die Hauswinkelspinne Tegenaria domestica ist auf der nördlichen Hemisphäre wahrscheinlich in allen gemäßigten Klimaten anzutreffen.

Sie lebt vor allem in Häusern in der Nähe des Menschen, in Kellern, Schuppen, Scheunen oder leerstehenden Gebäuden. In schwer zugänglichen und dunklen Ecken, die über längere Zeit ungestört sind, wie hinter Schränken und in Hohlräumen, baut sie ihre Wohnhöhle, die in einen Trichter übergeht, vor dem ein Gespinstteppich mit Stolperfäden gewoben ist. Die Hauswinkelspinne ist an geschützten Orten im Sommer auch draußen, an Steinhaufen und Mauern, anzutreffen.

Erscheinungsbild
Die Weibchen erreichen eine Körperlänge von bis zu 11,5 Millimetern, die Männchen bis neun Millimeter, haben aber längere Beine, die eine Spannweite von acht Zentimetern erreichen können. Der hell-ocker bis braun-graue Körper ist heller gefärbt als bei anderen Arten der Gattung Tegenaria. Das Mal auf dem Brustschild ist in der Mitte einmal eingeschnürt, die vier seitlichen Flecken variieren stark. Der wesentlich rundlichere Hinterleib erscheint nur auf den ersten Blick hellbraun bis hellgrau, hat jedoch auch ein ähnliches Muster wie Eratigena atrica: Die hellen „Winkelflecken“ sind größer. Der Körper ist dicht mit weichen Haaren besetzt. Die behaarten und beborsteten Beine sind undeutlich geringelt oder gefleckt.

Literatur
Barbara Baehr, Martin Baehr: Welche Spinne ist das? Die bekanntesten Arten Mitteleuropas. 2., überarbeitete und aktualisierte Auflage, Kosmos, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-440-09210-0.

VfL Wolfsburg

Verein für Leibesübungen Wolfsburg e. V., commonly known as VfL Wolfsburg (pronounced [ˌfaʊ ʔɛf ʔɛl ˈvɔlfsbʊɐ̯k]) or Wolfsburg, is a German sports club based in Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony. The club grew out of a multi-sports club for Volkswagen workers in the city of Wolfsburg. It is best known for its football department, but other departments include badminton, handball and athletics.

The men's professional football team play in the Bundesliga, the top tier of the German football league system. Wolfsburg have won the Bundesliga once in their history, in the 2008–09 season, the DFB-Pokal in 2015 and the DFL-Supercup in 2015.

Professional football is run by the spin-off organization VfL Wolfsburg-Fußball GmbH, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Volkswagen Group.[1][2] Since 2002, Wolfsburg's stadium is the Volkswagen Arena.
History
A new team in a new city
The city of Wolfsburg was founded in 1938 as Stadt des KdF-Wagen to house autoworkers building the car that would later become famous as the Volkswagen Beetle. The first football club affiliated with the autoworks was known as BSG Volkswagenwerk Stadt des KdF-Wagen, a works team. This team played in the first division Gauliga Osthannover in the 1943–44 and 1944–45 seasons.

On 12 September 1945, in the aftermath of World War II, a new club was formed and was known briefly as VSK Wolfsburg. This side began play in the green and white still worn by VfL today; local youth trainer Bernd Elberskirch had ten green jerseys at his disposal and white bed sheets donated by the public were sewn together by local women to make shorts.

On 15 December 1945, the club went through a crisis that almost ended its existence when all but one of its players left to join 1. FC Wolfsburg. The only player remaining, Josef Meyer, worked with Willi Hilbert to rebuild the side by signing new players. The new group adopted the moniker VfL Wolfsburg, VfL standing for Verein für Leibesübungen. This can be translated as "club for gymnastics" or "club for exercises." Within a year they captured the local Gifhorn title. In late November 1946, the club played a friendly against longtime Gelsenkirchen powerhouse Schalke 04 at the stadium owned by Volkswagen, emerging as the successor to BSG as the company sponsored side.

Postwar play
The club made slow but steady progress in the following seasons. They captured a number of amateur level championships, but were unable to advance out of the promotion playoffs until finally breaking through to the top tier Oberliga Nord in 1954 with a 2–1 victory over Heider SV. Wolfsburg, however, struggled in the top flight, narrowly missing relegation each season until finally being sent down in 1959. When Germany's first professional football league, the Bundesliga, was formed in 1963, Wolfsburg was playing in the Regionalliga Nord (II) having just moved up from the Verbandsliga Niedersachsen (III), reaching the German Amateur Championship Final that same year (0–1 vs. VfB Stuttgart Amat.).

Second division and advance to the Bundesliga
Wolfsburg remained a second division fixture over the next dozen years with their best performance being a second-place finish in 1970. That finish earned the club entry to the promotion round playoffs for the Bundesliga, where they performed poorly and were unable to advance. From the mid-1970s through to the early 1990s, Die Wölfe played as a third division side in the Amateur Oberliga Nord. Consecutive first-place finishes in 1991 and 1992, followed by success in the promotion playoffs, saw the club advance to the 2. Bundesliga for the 1992–93 season.

Wolfsburg continued to enjoy some success through the 1990s. The team advanced to the final of the German Cup in 1995 where they were beaten 0–3 by Borussia Mönchengladbach, but then went on to the top flight on the strength of a second-place league finish in 1997.

Early predictions were that the club would immediately be sent back down, but instead, the Wolves developed into a mid-table Bundesliga side. In the 1998–99 season, Wolfsburg, under Wolfgang Wolf, were holding onto the fifth spot in the 33rd round of fixtures, and they had hopes of making fourth place, to gain UEFA Champions League participation. Losing 6–1 away to MSV Duisburg in the final fixture, the Wolves finished in sixth place with 55 points and qualified for next season's UEFA Cup. They also qualified for the Intertoto Cup in 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004 and 2005, enjoying their best run in 2003 after reaching the final in which they lost to Italian side Perugia. This was followed by a couple of seasons of little success for the club, just narrowly avoiding relegation with two 15th-place finishes in the 2005–06 and 2006–07 seasons.

2008–present
For the 2007–08 season, the club hired former Bayern Munich manager Felix Magath, with whom they managed to finish in fifth place at the end of the season, the highest finish for the club at the time. This also enabled the Wolves to qualify for the UEFA Cup for only the second time in their history.

In the 2008–09 season, under Magath, Wolfsburg claimed their biggest success by winning their first Bundesliga title after defeating Werder Bremen 5–1 on 23 May 2009. During this campaign, Wolfsburg equalled the longest winning streak in one Bundesliga season with ten successive victories after the winter break. They also became the only team in the Bundesliga to have had two strikers scoring more than 20 goals each in one season, with Brazilian Grafite and Bosnian Edin Džeko achieving this feat in their title-winning season, scoring 28 and 26, respectively, with Zvjezdan Misimović adding record 20 assists.[3] As a result of their title win, Wolfsburg qualified for the UEFA Champions League for the first time in their history.

In the 2009–10 season, Wolfsburg dismissed their newly appointed trainer Armin Veh after the winter break due to lack of success, with the club sitting tenth in the league. In the Champions League, they came third in their group, behind Manchester United and CSKA Moscow, losing the chance for a place in the competition's successive round. As a result, they qualified for the Round of 32 phase of the UEFA Europa League. They defeated Spanish side Villarreal 6–3 on aggregate and Russian champions Rubin Kazan 3–2. In the quarter-finals, however, they were beaten 3–1 by eventual finalists Fulham.

On 11 May 2010, the permanent head coach's position was filled by former England manager Steve McClaren. After having guided Twente to their first ever Dutch title, he was rewarded by becoming the first English coach to manage a Bundesliga side. On 7 February 2011, however, it was announced that McClaren had been sacked and that Pierre Littbarski would be taking over.[4] Wolfsburg lost four times in five matches under him and they finally slipped into the relegation places.

On 18 March 2011, Wolfsburg confirmed that Felix Magath would return as head coach and sporting director, almost two years since he led them to the Bundesliga title and just two days after being fired from his position at Schalke 04. He signed a two-year contract with the club.[5] Magath steered the club to safety, but though the club invested heavily, Magath could only achieve a mid-table finish in the following 2011–12 season. After only five points in eight matches (and no goals and points in the last four games) in the 2012–13 season, Magath left the club by mutual consent and was temporarily replaced by former Wolfsburg reverse team coach Lorenz-Günther Köstner. On 22 December 2012, the former 1. FC Nürnberg head coach Dieter Hecking was appointed as Wolfsburg's new head coach on a contract lasting until 2016.

On 2 February 2015, Wolfsburg purchased the German international forward André Schürrle for a fee of €30 million from Chelsea, at the time the most expensive transfer for the club.[6] With a reinforced squad, the club finished as runners-up in the 2014–15 Bundesliga behind Bayern Munich, thus automatically qualifying for the 2015–16 Champions League group stage. On 30 May, the team then won the 2015 DFB-Pokal Final 3–1 against Borussia Dortmund, the first German Cup victory in the history of the club.

On 1 August, to begin the 2015–16 season, Wolfsburg defeated the Bundesliga champions Bayern Munich in the 2015 DFL-Supercup on penalties. At the end of the 2015 summer transfer window, Wolfsburg sold the 2014–15 German Footballer of the Year Kevin De Bruyne to Manchester City for a reported Bundesliga record fee of €75 million.
The 2015–16 campaign saw Wolfsburg finish in eighth place. The Bundesliga match between Bayern and Wolfsburg saw an extraordinary five goals in nine minutes by Robert Lewandowski.[7] In the Champions League, they reached the quarter-finals for the first time, where they faced Real Madrid and, despite a two-goal aggregate lead from the first match, were eliminated after losing 3–0 at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in Madrid.

In January 2017, Wolfsburg signed a letter of intent to partner the American Chattanooga FC, which includes women's football, youth development and local social responsibility. The two teams mentioned the future possibility of international friendlies.[8]

Wolfsburg struggled through the 2016–17 season, rotating through several managers and eventually finishing in 16th place in the Bundesliga with only 37 points, putting them in a playoff against Eintracht Braunschweig, which they won 2–0 on aggregate to remain in the top flight.

The 2017–18 season proved to be another disappointing season, in which they finished 16th place in the Bundesliga, putting them in a play-off against Holstein Kiel, a game that they won 4–1 on aggregate.

In the 2018–19 season, Wolfsburg finished 6th in the Bundesliga, thus automatically qualifying for the 2019–20 UEFA Europa League.

Stadium
Wolfsburg plays at the Volkswagen Arena, a multi-purpose stadium which seats a total capacity of 30,000 spectators. Before construction was finished in 2002, Wolfsburg played their home games at the 21,600 capacity VfL-Stadium. The stadium is currently used mostly for the home games of Wolfsburg, and is the site where they won their first Bundesliga title in the 2008–09 season. The amateur squad and the women's association football section is playing since 2015 at the newly built AOK Stadion with a capacity of 5200 people. There is also a new VfL-Center with offices and training areas and the VfL-FußballWelt, an interactive exhibition about the VfL.

Honours
Domestic
Bundesliga:
Winners: 2008–09
Runners-up: 2014–15
DFB-Pokal:
Winners: 2014–15
Runners-up: 1994–95
DFL-Supercup:
Winners: 2015
Regional
Deutsche Amateurmeisterschaft:
Runners-up: 1963
Amateuroberliga Niedersachsen-Ost (II):
Winners: 1952, 1954, 1963
Regionalliga Nord (II):
Runners-up: 1970
Oberliga Nord (III):
Winners: 1991, 1992
Runners-up: 1976, 1978, 1988
Lower Saxony Cup (Tiers 3–5)
Winners: 1962, 2002, 2003
Youth
German Under 19 championship
Winners: 2010–11, 2012–13
Runners-up: 2007–08
Under 19 Bundesliga North/Northeast
Winners: 2007–08, 2010–11, 2011–12, 2012–13
Under 17 Bundesliga North/Northeast
Winners: 2008–09, 2015–16

Renate Künast

Renate Elly Künast (born 15 December 1955) is a German politician of Alliance '90/The Greens. She was the Minister of Consumer Protection, Food and Agriculture from 2001 to 2005 and subsequently served as chairwoman of her party's parliamentary group in the Bundestag
Personal life
Künast was born in Recklinghausen, North Rhine-Westphalia. She studied social work in Düsseldorf and worked from 1977 to 1979 in this profession in a jailhouse in Berlin. After that she studied law at the Free University of Berlin until 1985. During her student years, she often protested against the Gorleben nuclear-fuel reprocessing plant.[1] She later worked as lawyer specializing on aliens law and criminal law.

Political career
Since 1979, Künast has been a member of the German Green Party (Bündnis 90/Die Grünen), first in the Alternative List in West Berlin. In the 1990s she was member of parliament and chairwoman of the Green Party's group in the state parliament of Berlin. During that time, she won cross-party respect for her leading role in drafting a new democratic constitution for the reunified city-state.[2] Künast eventually became the party’s spokeswoman for legal issues. In 1998, she re-assumed the floor leadership post alongside Michaele Schreyer.[3]

In national politics, Künast came to be known as a tough negotiator for her work in drafting the national red-green coalition agreement after the 1998 federal parliamentary elections. In October 1999, she was the Green’ front-runner in Berlin’s parliamentary race.

From June 2000 to March 2001, Künast was co-chair of Bündnis 90/Die Grünen on the national level, together with Fritz Kuhn. Since her party at the time did not allow the combination of functions in the party and the government in one person, she resigned when she became Minister for Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection in the second government of Germany Gerhard Schröder in 2001. By naming someone with no experience in farming to head a ministry with such sweeping powers, Schröder was widely considered gambling that any loss of support among farmers would be more than compensated by support from ecologically conscious Germans alarmed by the discovery of mad cow disease.[4]

Following the 2002 elections, Künast was part of the Green Party’s team in the negotiations with the Social Democrats on a coalition agreement for the second government under the leadership of Chancellor Gerhard Schröder. She held the office of Minister for Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection until 2005, over time becoming known for increasing consumer protection, supporting organic farming, and expanding animal welfare. During her time in office, she ranked behind only Schröder and Foreign Minister Joschka Fischer in public opinion polls.[5]

After the 2005 federal election, Künast became co-chair of the Green Party's parliamentary group, again together with Fritz Kuhn and later with Jürgen Trittin.

Künast announced on 5 November 2010 that she we would be the candidate for Governing Mayor of Berlin for Alliance '90/The Greens in the 2011 Berlin state election.[6] At the time of the announcement, her party was eight percentage points ahead of the Social Democrats in the opinion polls.[7] Under her leadership, the Green Party came third with 17.6 percent of the vote, ten percentage points behind the Social Democrates but still up from the 13.1 percent they won in the previous election.[8] However, incumbent Klaus Wowereit from the Social Democrats chose to enter a coalition with the conservative CDU, leaving Künast without any role in Berlin state politics.

After the 2013 federal elections, the resignation of Künast and Jürgen Trittin as co-leaders of the Green Party's group in parliament cleared the way for the election of Katrin Göring-Eckardt and Anton Hofreiter.[9] She unsuccessfully ran against Claudia Roth for the office of Vice President of the German Bundestag. Instead, she served as chairwoman of the Committee on Legal Affairs and Consumer Protection from 2014 until 2017. Since 2018, she has been a member of the Committee on Food and Agriculture. Already since 2005, she also been serving on the Committee on the Election of Judges (Wahlausschuss), which is in charge of appointing judges to the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany.

Other activities
Alice Salomon University of Applied Sciences, Member of the Board of Trustees
Association of German Foundations, Member of the Parliamentary Advisory Board
German Forum for Crime Prevention (DFK), Member of the Board of Trustees
German Foundation for International Legal Cooperation (IRZ), Member of the Board of Trustees
Humanist Union, Member[10]
KfW, Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Supervisory Directors (2003-2005)[11]
In addition, Künast serves on the board of trustees of the Berlin-based AIDS-Hilfe (AIDS-Help) group,[12] and is an honorary member of the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation[13] and the Angelo Roncalli Committee within that organization.[14]

Political positions
Human rights
In 2010, Künast criticized Chancellor Angela Merkel for speaking at an award ceremony for Danish cartoonist Kurt Westergaard in Potsdam, arguing that while it was true that the right to freedom of expression also applies to Westergaard’s controversial Muhammad cartoons "if a chancellor also makes a speech on top of that, it serves to heat up the debate."[15]

In August 2012, Künast was one of 124 members of the Bundestag to sign a letter that was sent to the Russian ambassador to Germany, Vladimir Grinin, expressing concern over the trial against the three members of Pussy Riot. “Being held in detention for months and the threat of lengthy punishment are draconian and disproportionate,” the lawmakers said in the letter. “In a secular and pluralist state, peaceful artistic acts -- even if they can be seen as provocative -- must not lead to the accusation of serious criminal acts that lead to lengthy prison terms.”[16][17]

In 2015, Künast was the initiator of a bill in favor of legalizing assisted suicide, arguing that "a punishment of commercial euthanasia would expose doctors to the severe risk of legal investigations." However, the Bundestag later voted to criminalize organizations that assist patients seeking to terminate their lives in return for payment and makes assisting a suicide punishable by up to three years in prison.[18]

Economic policy
Amid the financial crisis of 2007–08, Künast proposed to solve the state-owned banks' financial woes and to merge the Germany’s then eight regional banks into one institution, which would concentrate on regional economic development. In a 2008 interview with newspaper Welt am Sonntag: "The regional banks should be merged into one and their functions need to be clearly laid out."[19] Ahead of the 2009 federal elections, in an attempt to come up with an antidote to the other political parties’ hijacking of green ideas, Künast and her fellow lead candidate Jürgen Trittin backed up their critique of incumbent Chancellor Angela Merkel's government with a "Green New Deal", calling for €20 billion ($27.4 billion) a year to be invested in climate protection, environmental technology and education.[20]

Consumer protection
In 2010, Künast called for a ban on advertising for sweets aimed at children.[21]

Relations with the CDU
Over the course of her career, Künast has regularly dismissed prospects for an alternative coalition between the Greens and Angela Merkel’s Christian Democratic Union on a national level.[22]

Recognition
In 2010, Künast – along with Cécile Duflot, Monica Frassoni, and Marina Silva – was named by Foreign Policy magazine to its list of top global thinkers,[23] for taking Green mainstream.

Controversy
In July 2009 she was accused of antisemitism by the Jerusalem Post, after she had allegedly been overheard calling the pro-Israel "Stop The Bomb" organisation a "Mossad front", which she denied.[24][25]

In October 2015 Künast advised the police officer Tania Kambouri during a talk show that the police should take their shoes off before raids in mosques. Kambouri had published a book about her experience with the raising violence of Muslim men against law enforcement and especially against women.[26]

In July 2016 Künast posted a Tweet in which she questioned the shooting of an Afghan refugee and ISIS sympathiser who severely injured five people with an axe. She was criticized for publicly accusing the police of wrongdoing without knowing the details and before the official investigation was started. Members from her party distanced themselves from the statement and said that they trusted the German police.[27][28] Police union chief Rainier Wendt called her a "parliamentary smart aleck".[29]

Bibliography
Die Dickmacher. Warum die Deutschen immer fetter werden und was wir dagegen tun müssen. Riemann Verlag, 2004, ISBN 3-570-50062-4.
Klasse statt Masse. Die Erde schätzen, den Verbraucher schützen. Econ Ullstein List Verlag, München 2002.
Der Mordfall Schmücker und der Verfassungs„schutz“. Dokumentation seit dem 29. September 1986, vorgelegt von Renate Künast (MdA), Februar 1987. Alternative Liste für Demokratie und Umweltschutz, Fraktion des Abgeordnetenhauses von Berlin, 1987.