Google

Google LLC[5] is an American multinational technology company that specializes in Internet-related services and products, which include online advertising technologies, search engine, cloud computing, software, and hardware. It is considered one of the Big Four technology companies, alongside Amazon, Apple and Facebook.[6][7]

Google was founded in 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph.D. students at Stanford University in California. Together they own about 14 percent of its shares and control 56 percent of the stockholder voting power through supervoting stock. They incorporated Google as a California privately held company on September 4, 1998 in California. Google was then reincorporated in Delaware on October 22, 2002.[8] An initial public offering (IPO) took place on August 19, 2004, and Google moved to its headquarters in Mountain View, California, nicknamed the Googleplex. In August 2015, Google announced plans to reorganize its various interests as a conglomerate called Alphabet Inc. Google is Alphabet's leading subsidiary and will continue to be the umbrella company for Alphabet's Internet interests. Sundar Pichai was appointed CEO of Google, replacing Larry Page who became the CEO of Alphabet.

The company's rapid growth since incorporation has triggered a chain of products, acquisitions, and partnerships beyond Google's core search engine (Google Search). It offers services designed for work and productivity (Google Docs, Google Sheets, and Google Slides), email (Gmail/Inbox), scheduling and time management (Google Calendar), cloud storage (Google Drive), instant messaging and video chat (Google Allo, Duo, Hangouts), language translation (Google Translate), mapping and navigation (Google Maps, Waze, Google Earth, Street View), video sharing (YouTube), note-taking (Google Keep), and photo organizing and editing (Google Photos). The company leads the development of the Android mobile operating system, the Google Chrome web browser, and Chrome OS, a lightweight operating system based on the Chrome browser. Google has moved increasingly into hardware; from 2010 to 2015, it partnered with major electronics manufacturers in the production of its Nexus devices, and it released multiple hardware products in October 2016, including the Google Pixel smartphone, Google Home smart speaker, Google Wifi mesh wireless router, and Google Daydream virtual reality headset. Google has also experimented with becoming an Internet carrier (Google Fiber, Google Fi, and Google Station).[9]

Google.com is the most visited website in the world.[10] Several other Google services also figure in the top 100 most visited websites, including YouTube and Blogger. Google was the most valuable brand in the world as of 2017,[11] but has received significant criticism involving issues such as privacy concerns, tax avoidance, antitrust, censorship, and search neutrality. Google's mission statement is "to organize the world's information and make it universally accessible and useful". The company's unofficial slogan "Don't be evil" was removed from the company's code of conduct around May 2018, but reinstated by July 31, 2018
Google began in January 1996 as a research project by Larry Page and Sergey Brin when they were both PhD students at Stanford University in Stanford, California.[14] The project initially involved an unofficial "third founder", Scott Hassan, the original lead programmer who wrote much of the code for the original Google Search engine, but he left before Google was officially founded as a company;[15][16] Hassan went on to pursue a career in robotics and founded the company Willow Garage in 2006.[17][18]

While conventional search engines ranked results by counting how many times the search terms appeared on the page, they theorized about a better system that analyzed the relationships among websites.[19] They called this algorithm PageRank; it determined a website's relevance by the number of pages, and the importance of those pages that linked back to the original site.[20][21] Page told his ideas to Hassan, who began writing the code to implement Page's ideas.[15]

Page and Brin originally nicknamed the new search engine "BackRub", because the system checked backlinks to estimate the importance of a site.[22][23][24] Hassan as well as Alan Steremberg were cited by Page and Brin as being critical to the development of Google. Rajeev Motwani and Terry Winograd later co-authored with Page and Brin the first paper about the project, describing PageRank and the initial prototype of the Google search engine, published in 1998. Héctor García-Molina and Jeff Ullman were also cited as contributors to the project.[25] PageRank was influenced by a similar page-ranking and site-scoring algorithm earlier used for RankDex, developed by Robin Li in 1996, with Larry Page's PageRank patent including a citation to Li's earlier RankDex patent; Li later went on to create the Chinese search engine Baidu.[26][27][28]

Eventually, they changed the name to Google; the name of the search engine originated from a misspelling of the word "googol",[29][30] the number 1 followed by 100 zeros, which was picked to signify that the search engine was intended to provide large quantities of information
The domain name for Google was registered on September 15, 1997,[33] and the company was incorporated on September 4, 1998. It was based in the garage of a friend (Susan Wojcicki[14]) in Menlo Park, California. Craig Silverstein, a fellow PhD student at Stanford, was hired as the first employee.[14][34][35]

Google was initially funded by an August 1998 contribution of $100,000 from Andy Bechtolsheim, co-founder of Sun Microsystems; the money was given before Google was incorporated.[36] Google received money from three other angel investors in 1998: Amazon.com founder Jeff Bezos, Stanford University computer science professor David Cheriton, and entrepreneur Ram Shriram.[37] Between these initial investors, friends, and family Google raised around 1 million dollars, which is what allowed them to open up their original shop in Menlo Park, California [38]

After some additional, small investments through the end of 1998 to early 1999,[37] a new $25 million round of funding was announced on June 7, 1999,[39] with major investors including the venture capital firms Kleiner Perkins and Sequoia Capital.[36]

Growth
In March 1999, the company moved its offices to Palo Alto, California,[40] which is home to several prominent Silicon Valley technology start-ups.[41] The next year, Google began selling advertisements associated with search keywords against Page and Brin's initial opposition toward an advertising-funded search engine.[42][14] To maintain an uncluttered page design, advertisements were solely text-based.[43] In June 2000, it was announced that Google would become the default search engine provider for Yahoo!, one of the most popular websites at the time, replacing Inktomi.

List of Doc Martin episodes

Doc Martin is a British television medical comedy drama series starring Martin Clunes in the title role. It was created by Dominic Minghella[1] after the character of Dr Martin Bamford in the 2000 comedy film Saving Grace.[2] The show is set in the fictional seaside village of Portwenn and filmed on location in the village of Port Isaac, Cornwall, England, with most interior scenes shot in a converted local barn.

Doc Martin has aired on ITV since 2 September 2004, with a first season of six episodes. The episode number for the second series increased to eight. This was followed by a TV film and a third series of seven episodes. The next four series aired eight episodes each. Series 8 began on 20 September 2017. While it was initially reported that the series would end after Series 9 in 2019, Martin Clunes has clarified that it had only been commissioned as far as the next year, thereby not ruling out future plans by the broadcaster.[3]

As of November 8, 2017, 62 episodes of Doc Martin have aired.

Doc Martin

Doc Martin is a British television medical comedy drama series starring Martin Clunes in the title role. It was created by Dominic Minghella[1] after the character of Dr Martin Bamford in the 2000 comedy film Saving Grace.[2] The programme is set in the fictional seaside village of Portwenn and filmed on location in the village of Port Isaac, Cornwall, United Kingdom, with most interior scenes shot in a converted local barn.

Eight series aired between 2004 and 2017, with a television film airing on Christmas Day in 2006. The eighth and most recent series aired on ITV from September 2017, and streamed in the United States and Canada on Acorn TV. Series 9 began filming in Port Isaac in March 2019.[3] While it was initially reported that the series would end after Series 9, Martin Clunes clarified that it had only been commissioned as far as 2019, thereby not ruling out future plans by the broadcaster.[4]

An American TV remake of the series is also being planned.[
Plot
Dr Martin Ellingham (Martin Clunes), a brilliant and successful vascular surgeon at Imperial College London, develops haemophobia (a fear of blood), forcing him to stop practising surgery. He obtains a post as the sole general practitioner (GP) in the sleepy Cornish village of Portwenn, where he had spent childhood holidays with his Aunt Joan (Stephanie Cole), who owns a local farm. Upon arriving in Portwenn – where, to his frustration, the locals address him as "Doc Martin" – he finds the surgery in chaos and inherits an incompetent receptionist, Elaine Denham (Lucy Punch). In Series 2–4, she is replaced by Pauline Lamb (Katherine Parkinson), a new receptionist, and later also a phlebotomist. In Series 5, Morwenna Newcross (Jessica Ransom) takes up the post.

The programme revolves around Ellingham's interactions with the local Cornish villagers. Despite his medical excellence, Ellingham is grouchy, abrupt, and lacks social skills. His direct, emotionless manner offends many of the villagers, made worse by his invariably unpleasant responses to their ignorant, often foolish, comments. They perceive him to be hot-tempered and lacking in a bedside manner, whereas he feels he is performing his duties in a professional and by-the-book manner, not wasting time chatting. Ellingham is very deadpan and dresses formally in a business suit and tie, regardless of the weather or the occasion, and he never takes off his jacket, even when delivering babies. He does not smoke and has no hesitation in pointing out the risks of unhealthy behaviours, both in private and in public gatherings.
The villagers eventually discover his fear of blood, and the frequent and debilitating bouts of nausea and vomiting it causes. In spite of this handicap, Ellingham proves to be an expert diagnostician and responds effectively to various emergencies in his medical practice; thus, he gradually gains grudging respect from his neighbours. Ellingham's aunt, Joan Norton (Stephanie Cole), provides emotional support in the face of the controversy among the villagers caused by his impatient manner. When she dies after a heart attack, her sister Ruth (Eileen Atkins), a retired psychiatrist, comes to Portwenn to take care of her affairs, and eventually decides to use the village as a permanent retreat, offering Martin the support Joan had provided.

Ellingham finds it difficult to express his developing romantic feelings towards primary school teacher Louisa Glasson (Caroline Catz). He often spoils rare tender moments or opportunities to compliment by telling her things like: she looks flushed but her pulse is good. Martin eventually proposes to Louisa, but their relationship remains difficult because of his insensitive nature.

Other noteworthy characters are father and son Bert and Al Large who are always trying to run a small business of various types; Pharmacist Sally Tishell who is infatuated with Martin; Mark Mylow, a quirky police officer who is later replaced in series 3 by Joe Penhale who proves to be even more quirky.

Cast and Characters
Current Cast
Martin Clunes as Martin Ellingham – village GP doctor
Caroline Catz as Louisa Ellingham (née Glasson) – school headmistress; later, Martin's wife
Ian McNeice as Bert Large – local businessman
Joe Absolom as Al Large – pub landlord
Selina Cadell as Sally Tishell – pharmacist
John Marquez as Joe Penhale (series 3-9) – police officer
Eileen Atkins as Ruth Ellingham (series 5-9) – retired forensic psychiatrist; Martin's aunt
Jessica Ransom as Morwenna Newcross (Series 5-9) – surgery receptionist
Original character
Martin Clunes originally played a character called "Dr Martin Bamford" in the 2000 film Saving Grace and its two made-for-TV prequels, Doc Martin and Doc Martin and the Legend of the Cloutie, which were made by British Sky Broadcasting (BSkyB). The prequels show Bamford as a successful obstetrician, rather than a surgeon, who finds out that his wife has been carrying on extramarital affairs behind his back. After confronting her with his discovery, he escapes London and heads for Port Isaac, a small coastal town in Cornwall which he remembers fondly from his youth. Shortly after he arrives, he is involved in the mystery of the "Jellymaker" and, following the departure of the village's resident GP, decides to stay and fill the vacancy. In these three films the village is not known as Portwenn.

The Martin Bamford character is friendly and laid-back, seeming to enjoy his retreat from the career pressures and conflicts he left behind in London. He drinks and smokes carelessly, including a mild illegal drug, and has no problem getting his hands and clothes dirty by temporarily working as a lobster and crab fisherman aboard a local boat.

The original deal had been to produce two television films per year for three years, but Sky Pictures folded after the first two episodes were made, so Clunes' company tried to sell the franchise to ITV. The new network felt that the doctor character should be portrayed as a "townie", a fish out of water who is uncomfortable in the countryside. They also wanted something darker, so Clunes suggested that the doctor be curmudgeonly, socially inept, and formal. The new doctor's surname was changed to Ellingham, an anagram of the last name of the new writer, Dominic Minghella, who was brought in to rework the doctor's background and create a new cast of supporting characters.

Along with Clunes, the only actors to appear in both versions of Doc Martin are Tristan Sturrock and Tony Maudsley.

Michelle Visage

Michelle Visage (born Michelle Lynn Shupack; September 20, 1968)[1] is an American singer, television host, radio DJ, performer, television producer and media personality. She is most well known for being a member of the band Seduction and appearing as a judge on the American reality competition television series RuPaul's Drag Race since season 3 and on all seasons of the spin-off show RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars. In 2019, she received her first Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Competition Program as a producer of the eleventh season of RuPaul's Drag Race.
Early life
Visage, who grew up in New Jersey, was adopted and was aware of this from an early age.[3][4] She attended an arts high school in South Plainfield, New Jersey, graduating in 1986.[5] She then moved to New York and attended the American Musical and Dramatic Academy in Manhattan for two years.[3] When Visage was 16 she won a Madonna look-alike competition.[6] Shortly after finishing her studies she headed to New York City to pursue a career as an actress.[7] In New York she was active in the club scene and her mother, Arlene, even gave her a fake ID so she could make connections to help further her career.[8] Visage became prominent in the New York ball scene and learned voguing from people including Willi Ninja.[8] She also became involved with Cesar Valentino and the pair appeared voguing together on the television show The Latin Connection in 1988, which they said was the first time voguing had appeared on national TV.[9]

Michelle adopted her surname, Visage, after gaining the nickname "cara" ('face' in Spanish) from the people she spent time with in the New York ball scene. However, because people pronounced it incorrectly she decided to change it to "visage" ('face' in French), a name she has stuck with.[10] Visage also met her future friend and co-star RuPaul for the first time in the late 1980s, when she attended club nights and parties hosted by Susanne Bartsch.[11] In 1989, Visage performed at "The Love Ball", which was organised by Bartsch as a benefit for theDesign Industries Foundation For Aids. It is said that The Love Ball is where Madonna first witnessed voguing, the inspiration for her song "Vogue".[3][12][13] However, participating in New York night life was not Visage's sole occupation and during the day she worked as a receptionist at the shop Casablanca and Fundamental Things in the New York garment district.[8]

Career
Music recording and music videos
Visage auditioned and won a place for Seduction, an R&B and dance vocal trio assembled by Robert Clivilles and David Cole that signed with A&M Records in 1990.[7] The group had several hits, the most famous being "Two to Make It Right". After the group's breakup, Visage collaborated with the freestyle dance act TKA as a guest vocalist on the song "Crash (Have Some Fun)".[14] Visage provided lead vocals and was the recording artist of another dance act assembled by Clivilles and Cole, The S.O.U.L. S.Y.S.T.E.M. The song "It's Gonna Be a Lovely Day", which was a cover version of the Bill Withers song "Lovely Day", was included on the soundtrack to The Bodyguard. "It's Gonna Be a Lovely Day" became a No. 1 dance single and peaked at No. 34 on the Billboard Hot 100 in January 1993.[15]

Visage has also been featured on several of RuPaul's music albums, and appears in the music videos for "New York City Beat" [16] and "From Your Heart", which originally premiered on RuPaul's Green Screen Christmas Special (2015), and were later uploaded to World of Wonder's YouTube channel.[17] Visage has also made guest appearances in the videos for RuPaul's songs "Glamazon",[18] "Responsitrannity",[19] "The Beginning"[20] and "Nothing for Christmas".[21]

Radio and podcasts
Visage was the co-host of The Jamz Session on Hot 92 Jamz (KHHT) in Los Angeles between 2002 and 2005.[22]

In 2005, Visage returned to New York City, where she served as co-host of The Morning Mix on WNEW-FM until December 2006. She also hosted on Sirius Satellite Radio's The Beat 66 from 2003 to 2006 [23] On March 12, 2007, she became a co-host of the morning show on SUNNY 104.3 in West Palm Beach, Florida.[24] On January 10, 2011, she joined 93.9 MIA in Miami as the host of the new MIA Morning Show.[3] She left Miami and MIA in December 2011, moving back to Los Angeles.[25]

Visage started co-hosting the weekly podcast RuPaul: What's the Tee? on April 9, 2014.[26] The pair interview celebrities and discuss many topics ranging from their personal lives to RuPaul's Drag Race.[27] The podcast won a 2018 Webby Award.[28]

Television
Visage has worked with RuPaul on a variety of television shows throughout her career. In 1996, she became the co-host of RuPaul's VH1 talk show The RuPaul Show.[29] She also co-hosted WKTU's morning show with RuPaul from 1996 to 2002. And when Ru began casting judges for season one of RuPaul's Drag Race he invited Visage to become a permanent member of the show. At the time she was on a five-year contract with a CBS radio station in West Palm Beach and after asking her boss if she could join the show he said no, which Visage put down to the show's links with the LGBT community.[11][30] Two years later Visage was contacted by RuPaul again and invited to appear on season three of the show. After her boss once again said she was not able to appear, she was persuaded by her friend Leah Remini to contact CBS officials who allowed her to join the show as a judge.[31] So on January 24, 2011, Visage debuted as a permanent judge, along with Santino Rice and Billy B, on season three of RuPaul's Drag Race, replacing Merle Ginsberg. She has also appeared on all four seasons of the spin-off show, RuPaul's Drag Race: All-Stars, and will appear on RuPaul's Drag Race UK, which is set to air on BBC Three in 2019.[32]

On January 7, 2015, Visage became one of the contestants on the fifteenth series of the British reality series, Celebrity Big Brother on Channel 5. On February 6, 2015, Visage left the house in fifth place.[33] Since leaving the house she has appeared on some episodes of Celebrity Big Brother's Bit on the Side, a companion show that airs straight after Celebrity Big Brother.[34]

Visage has made several other TV appearances including hosting VH1's red carpet coverage of the 1998 Grammys and in 2002, Grease's 25th-anniversary re-release party.[35] On May 13, 2017, she and Ross Mathews were the commentators for Logo TV's coverage of the Live Grand Final of the Eurovision Song Contest.[36] And most recently she has appeared as a judge on the first two seasons of Ireland's Got Talent, the first of which began airing on TV3 in February 2018.[37][38]

On August 5, 2019, it was announced that she is taking part in series 17 of Strictly Come Dancing in the UK on the BBC.[39] And on September 7 it was confirmed that she was partnered with Giovanni Pernice.

Theatre
Visage performed in her West End debut as "Miss Hedge" in Everybody's Talking About Jamie between October 18, 2018 and January 26, 2019.[40]

Personal life
In her early years, Visage suffered from an eating disorder which she says began when she was around 13 years old and continued into her adult life.[3][41] On Episode 214 of What's the Tee?, her podcast with Ru Paul, Visage says that as an adult, she has had sex with both men and women. "I've been with women; I've had sex with women," she says. "All of it. All of it. Hands, items...not food, no. I don't do the food thing. [...] But I realized I never wanted to have a relationship...it was just sexual for me, 'cause women know what women want--so I understand it--but...or there'd be a man involved, but it was never...I never had a relationship, um, never been offered one, to be honest...so I've never been tempted to be solely that, but I think women are very sexy and sensual and beautiful, so I can still look at a woman and say, 'She's hot.'"

She now lives in California with her husband, author and screenwriter David Case, and her two daughters, Lillie and Lola.[42] On November 10, 2015, she published her first book, The Diva Rules.[43] In late 2019, the book was released in Swedish through the rainbow company Tallbergs Förlag.[44]

In April 2019, Visage revealed she had Hashimoto's disease, which led to getting her trademark breast implants removed

Nigel Benn

Nigel Gregory Benn (born 22 January 1964) is a British professional boxer who competed from 1987 to 1996 and 2019. He held world championships in two weight classes, including the WBO middleweight title in 1990, and the WBC super-middleweight title from 1992 to 1996. Regionally he held the Commonwealth middleweight title from 1988 to 1989. Nicknamed "The Dark Destroyer" for his formidable punching power and aggressive fighting style, he retired with an 83.3% knockout-to-win ratio and is ranked by BoxRec as the fourth best British super-middleweight boxer of all time.
Early years and amateur career
Benn was born in Ilford, London, on 22 January 1964 to parents from Barbados, the sixth of seven brothers.[1] He attended Loxford School of Science and Technology. Benn served for four and a half years in the British Army as an infantryman with the 1st Battalion, Royal Regiment of Fusiliers.[2] He was stationed in West Germany for three years, then Northern Ireland during the Troubles for eighteen months (Royal Fusiliers later made appearances in regimental uniform at certain Benn fights in homage to their fellow comrade-in-arms.) Benn had a record of 41 wins and 1 loss as an amateur boxer, with the loss being against Rod Douglas, whom Benn later defeated.

Amateur accomplishments
Amateur boxing: 41 wins, 1 loss (avenged.)
Undefeated Welterweight for the First Battalion, The Royal Regiment of Fusiliers between 1982 and 1984 – won titles all the way up to heavyweight and trained others in his regiment's boxing team
1986 ABA Middleweight Champion, avenging a previous loss to Rod Douglas.
Professional career
Benn turned professional in 1987 and began a streak of consecutive knockout wins. This ensured a rapid rise through the professional ranks and during this time, Benn won the vacant Commonwealth middleweight title with a second round win over Abdul Umaru, at Alexandra Pavilion on April 20th 1988.

At 22-0 (22 KOs), Benn defended his Commonwealth title against Michael Watson in a heavily hyped bout in May 1989 at Finsbury Park, London. The fight even appeared on national television in the US. Throwing virtually nothing but hooks, Benn repeatedly failed to get through Watson's tight guard, and gradually tired whilst being stunned numerous times himself.

In the sixth round, Watson knocked Benn down with a jab and Benn was counted out as he rose to his feet, albeit by a somewhat hasty referee's count.

His next fight, against Jorge Amparo in Atlantic City, U.S., was his first fight abroad and also the first to last the full distance, with Benn winning a 10-round decision.

WBO middleweight champion
Main article: Nigel Benn vs. Chris Eubank
After two more wins, against Sanderline Williams and Jose Quinones, Benn fought WBO middleweight title holder Doug DeWitt of the USA in Atlantic City. Benn was knocked down in round two, but came back to knock DeWitt down in round three, then score three knockdowns in round eight to win the title.

His first defence came in August 1990 against former WBC champion Iran Barkley, whom he floored three times and stopped on the three-knockdown rule at the end of the first round. Benn returned to the UK and met British rival Chris Eubank. They fought in Birmingham on 18 November 1990. Benn lost his title to Eubank when the referee stopped the fight in the ninth round.

WBC super-middleweight champion
Benn then went on a winning streak of six fights leading up to another world title challenge. In 1991, he beat Marvin Hagler's half brother, Robbie Sims, by a knockout in round seven, followed by a close, disputed decision win against Thulani Malinga, and a one-punch KO victory against Dan Sherry.

On 10 October 1992, Benn challenged Mauro Galvano for the WBC super-middleweight title in Palaghiaccio de Marino, Marino, Lazio, Italy. After a controversial dispute at ringside over the official result after Galvano was unable to continue due to a severe cut, Benn was declared the winner and won the title by a fourth-round TKO.

Main article: Nigel Benn vs. Chris Eubank
While still a dangerous, and damaging puncher, Benn's move to the higher weight limit saw him refine his fight strategy and adopt a more considered approach. The aggression remained but he relied less on one punch knockout power and became a more effective, and adaptable fighter. He defended his title against fellow Britons Nicky Piper and Lou Gent, and a rematch victory over Mauro Galvano, before again boxing great rival Chris Eubank, who was now WBO super-middleweight champion, in a unification bout on 9 October 1993. In a closely fought contest they boxed to a disputed draw, with both fighters retaining their respective titles. Benn successfully defended his title twice more in 1994 with unanimous decisions against fellow Briton Henry Wharton and Juan Carlos Giminez

Benn vs McClellan
Main article: Nigel Benn vs. Gerald McClellan
In February 1995, Benn defended his 168 lb title against WBC middleweight champion Gerald McClellan in a highly anticipated bout billed as "Sudden Impact". Most American experts gave Benn little chance against the hard punching challenger. In an epic, thrilling fight Benn was knocked through the ropes in the first round but fought his way back into the contest which developed into a brutal war. Benn was knocked down again in the eighth round, but an exhausted and drained McClellan was unable to follow up and Benn rallied to stop McClellan in the tenth round. At the time of the stoppage, two judges had McClellan ahead and one had the fight even.

McClellan was severely injured as a result of the fight. After collapsing in his corner after the fight had finished, McClellan was rushed to hospital where it was discovered he had developed a blood clot on the brain. To this day McClellan is almost completely blind and uses a wheelchair, although he has regained some movement and can walk with a cane. In 2007, McClellan, his wife and children attended a benefit dinner organised and hosted by Benn to help McClellan with his ongoing medical expenses.

Two more defences followed against future WBC title-holder Vincenzo Nardiello and American Danny Perez, before Benn lost his title with an uncharacteristically lacklustre performance to old rival Malinga in 1996.

Benn twice attempted to take the WBO super-middleweight title from Steve Collins but failed in both attempts: losing by TKO in four in the first fight after sustaining an ankle injury. He retired following the second loss to Collins in 1996, retiring on his stool at the end of the sixth-round.

Life after boxing
After his professional boxing career, Benn became an internationally recognised DJ. He later appeared in the first series of the ITV reality TV show I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here!.

Benn has since developed a strong faith and is a born again Christian. Benn now lives with his family in Sydney, Australia, where he has been studying theology, sports coaching and sports development. He is still active in the international boxing scene mentoring, developing and training both amateur and professional boxers in Australia.

Benn was entered into the World Boxing Council (WBC) Boxing Hall of Fame in 2013 and was honoured alongside fellow Brit Joe Calzaghe as the WBC's greatest super middleweight champion in history. His image is now enshrined upon the sixth generation WBC super middleweight belt.[3][4]

Benn works with youth at risk in Blacktown, NSW[5] and is dedicated to his charity work. He is an ambassador to the New South Wales Police Citizens Youth Club's (PCYC)[6] and is an advocate for healthy living.[3]

Benn ran the 2013 City to Surf to raise funds for the most underfunded PCYC gym in Redfern, Sydney[7] and has undertaken many fund raisers for the charity since improving the boxing facilities in the most impoverished areas of Sydney. Benn regularly assists Christian groups, counselling individuals suffering from addiction[8] and along with wife Carolyne counsels couples who are facing marriage issues.

Benn is also a Patron of the Shannon Bradshaw Trust, a UK children's charity based in the North West of England, helping children with life-threatening conditions and their families.

Benn's autobiography, published in 2001, is called Dark Destroyer.

One of Benn's sons, Conor Benn, turned professional in 2016 and is currently fighting at light-welterweight. Another son, Harley, has also turned professional with a debut at middleweight set for November 2016.[9]

As of 24th of September 2019, Nigel has announced his return to the world of boxing and his career will recommence on the 23rd of November 2019. There is some speculation that his first fight will be against Sakio Bika on his return

Richard Keogh

Richard John Keogh (born 11 August 1986) is a professional footballer who plays as a defender for Championship club Derby County and the Republic of Ireland national football team. He plays primarily as a centre-back but can also play at right-back.

Keogh began his career as a trainee at Ipswich Town and Stoke City, making his professional debut on loan from the latter at Icelandic club Víkingur in 2004. He joined Bristol City on a free transfer in 2005 and made his Football League debut in September of that year. He made several more appearances that season before spending a month on loan at Wycombe Wanderers, then going on to appear sporadically for Bristol City at the end of the season, scoring his first goal in April 2006. Keogh was a regular in the first team the following season, playing 43 times in all competitions and scoring four goals. However, he found himself out of favour in the 2007–08 season, spending time out on loan at Huddersfield Town, Carlisle United and Cheltenham Town. At the end of the season, he joined Carlisle United for an undisclosed fee.

Keogh was a first-team regular for Carlisle, playing 95 times and scoring six goals in all competitions for the Cumbrians over two seasons and also a short loan spell. He also won the club's Player of the Year Award for the 2009–10 season. At the end of the season, he joined Coventry City on a free transfer and was again a near ever-present, playing 95 league and cup matches across two seasons, scoring one goal. Keogh was named the Player of the Year for the 2011–12 season, although the club was relegated from the Championship.[4] However, he remained in the league, signing for Derby County for a fee of over £1 million. He has played over 300 matches for the club, won the club's Player of the Year Award for the 2012–13 and 2015–16 seasons[5] and was named in the 2014–15 PFA Team of the Year.

Although Keogh was born in England, his paternal family are Irish. He has represented the Republic of Ireland at under-19, under-21 and senior level.
Club career
Early career
Keogh was born in Harlow, Essex.[2] Having been a schoolboy in Ipswich Town's academy and a ballboy at Portman Road,[6] Keogh moved on to the Stoke City youth set-up in January 2003. Shortly after his arrival, he was an unused substitute in a 3–0 FA Cup win against Bournemouth on 28 January after the squad was hit by a virus. Manager Tony Pulis quipped that "I think he had to get a bus to get here."[7][8] Keogh was highly thought of at Stoke: he won the Young Player of the Year Award for the 2002–03 season and played a major role in the reserves winning the 2003–04 Pontins League Championship.[9]

At the time, Stoke was owned by an Icelandic consortium and in June 2004, Keogh and striker Jermaine Palmer were sent out on loan to Icelandic club Knattspyrnufélagið Víkingur.[10] Initially loaned out for two months, they later had their spells extended to a year.[11] Víkingur had just been promoted to the Úrvalsdeild, the top league in Icelandic football, and in the 2004 season, Keogh played in 9 of the club's 18 league matches. Víkingur finished the season 9th out of 10 clubs and was relegated back down to the 1. deild karla. Keogh also played in 2 Icelandic Cup matches before returning to England in May 2005. He was released by Stoke City at the end of the 2004–05 season, without having made a first team appearance for the club.[12]

Bristol City
After leaving Stoke City, Keogh joined up with Burnley for pre-season training.[13] He was known to Burnley manager Steve Cotterill and his assistant Dave Kevan from their time at Stoke and they were keen to sign him. After impressing in pre-season, Keogh was offered a two-year contract and was poised to sign, but he had a change of heart and turned the offer down.[14][15][16] Instead, just days later, Keogh signed a two-year contract with League One club Bristol City.[17][18]

Keogh made his debut on 3 September 2005, starting and keeping a clean sheet as Bristol City drew 0–0 at home to Colchester United. However, the next match, in which Keogh also played 90 minutes, ended in a 7–1 defeat at Swansea City and saw manager Brian Tinnion step down. Keogh missed the next match but started the one after, a 3–1 defeat to Nottingham Forest on 20 September.

Loan to Wycombe Wanderers
After brief substitute appearances in defeats against Brentford on 24 September and Chesterfield on 26 October, Keogh was sent out on loan by new manager Gary Johnson to League Two side Wycombe Wanderers on 9 November 2005.[19][20] Keogh had an inauspicious debut, scoring an own goal in a 1–1 draw at Darlington on 12 November, though BBC Sport reporter Ian Stringer noted that "credit should go to the Darlington winger Simon Johnson" for a great cross and that Keogh was not at fault as he had "no option" but to put it past his own keeper.[21] He played twice more in his six-week loan spell, starting in a 3–1 win against Grimsby Town on 19 November and coming on as a late substitute in a 3–0 win over Rochdale on 10 December. City manager Gary Johnson declined to let Wycombe extend the loan and Keogh returned to his parent club on 10 December.[22]

Back at Bristol
After his loan spell ended, Keogh finally returned to Bristol City on 10 March 2006, coming off the bench in a 1–0 win at MK Dons. He had to wait almost a month for his next appearance, coming on in the 71st minute against Walsall on 8 April and scoring his first professional goal in the 90th minute to round out a 3–0 win. He made another late substitute appearance in the next match, a 2–1 win over Hartlepool United on 15 April, and his final appearance of the season came on the last day of the season, starting in a 1–0 defeat to Southend United on 6 May.

Keogh appeared sporadically at the start of the 2006–07 season, not featuring in the first three matches after suffering a head injury in a reserve match which required 15 stitches.[23] He finally recovered to come on as a substitute in a 4–2 defeat to Blackpool on 19 August. He started in a 2–1 League Cup defeat to Cheltenham on 22 August but it was a 3–1 win against Northampton Town that was to change his fortunes. Right-back Bradley Orr was sent off on the stroke of half-time after brawling with and attempting to headbutt his own teammate, Louis Carey. Keogh was brought on at half-time as City went on to score twice to win the match.[24][25][26]

Three days later, Orr was jailed for 28 days, one of three City players to be imprisoned for his part in a brawl outside a Bristol nightclub the previous October.[27] Keogh started his first league match of the season on 2 September as Bristol City beat Brighton 1–0. He was an ever-present at right-back as the club hit a rich vein of form, starting 7 consecutive matches that resulted in 5 wins and 2 draws. Keogh kept his place after Orr was released early on 14 September.[28] The latter returned to the starting line-up on 6 October, with Keogh moved to centre-back. Keogh was then an unused sub in the next game, a 2–1 win against Crewe on 14 October and played the last half an hour on 28 October as City beat Doncaster Rovers 1–0.

He returned to the starting XI in a 3–1 Football League Trophy win against Leyton Orient on 1 November, scoring in the 90th minute to complete a comeback win. He started 8 of the next 9 matches which saw City win five, draw three and lose one, with Keogh scoring again on 18 November, City's first in a 3–1 win against Gillingham. On 23 and 26 December, Keogh missed back-to-back games for the first time since August. He then made appearances from the bench in a 2–1 win against Port Vale on 30 December and a 1–1 draw with Leyton Orient on 1 January. He started at centre-back in a 3–3 draw at home to Coventry City on 6 January 2007 and was then consigned to coming off the bench for the next four league and cup matches.

He started in the middle of defence again on 27 January, scoring City's first as they came from 2–0 down to draw 2–2 against Premier League side Middlesbrough in the FA Cup, securing a replay at Riverside Stadium. Despite his heroics, he played only one of the three league matches before the replay, coming on in the 83rd minute of a 1–0 defeat to Scunthorpe United on 5 February. He played every minute of the replay, which finished 2–2 after extra time and saw City knocked out 5–4 on penalties. He kept his place in defence for the next 6 consecutive League and Cup matches, rotating between right-back and centre-back as another good run of form saw City win four, draw one and lose one. He scored in the last match of that series, the opener in a 3–1 win at Chesterfield on 7 March. He then missed the next three matches with injury and was an unused substitute for two more before coming on at half-time in a 0–0 draw with Swansea City on 7 April.

His season petered out somewhat as he started just once and came on twice out of City's last five matches. However, the season ended in success as Bristol City were promoted to the Championship as League One runners-up and Keogh was voted the club's Young Player of the Year. Out of contract at the end of the season,[29] Keogh also had the one-year extension clause activated in his contract and was offered a new two-year deal,[30] though he did not sign it.[31]

Various loan spells
Upon Bristol City's return to the Championship, Keogh found himself frozen out, as manager Gary Johnson preferred Orr or Carey at right-back and two from Carey, Liam Fontaine, Jamie McAllister and Brian Wilson at centre-back. Keogh played in only one of the club's first five League and Cup matches, a 3–0 League Cup win against Brentford on 14 August. It was the only match he played for City all season. Thus, he was loaned out to League One side Huddersfield Town on 31 August for an initial one-month spell,[32] which was later extended for a second month.[33] During his time at the club, he played in 10 of a possible 11 matches and scored a 90th-minute consolation goal in a 3–2 defeat to Cheltenham Town on 15 September. Huddersfield declined to extend his loan for a third month and so Keogh returned from his loan on 29 October.[34]

When he returned from the loan spell, Keogh did not even make the bench, so he was loaned out again on 21 November for six weeks, this time to Carlisle United, also of League One. Keogh pronounced himself delighted with the move, saying that he "couldn't wait" to get playing regular football again and that he was relishing the prospect of playing for a club that were "top of the league and flying at the moment... [manager] John Ward must think I'm capable of doing a good job."[35] He started in all seven of the club's matches during his loan spell, helping the club to three wins and two draws. Keogh's loan spell ended on 2 January and Carlisle were sufficiently impressed to make an offer to sign Keogh permanently two days later, but it was rejected as City manager Gary Johnson thought it was "nowhere near our valuation".[36]

Upon his return to City, he still wasn't named in a single matchday squad and so returned to League One on loan for a third time on 11 March, this time with Cheltenham Town. He went straight into the starting XI on the day of his arrival, helping the club to a 2–1 win away at Leeds United. His one-month loan was later extended to the end of the season[37] and he played every minute of the 10 Cheltenham matches that his loan period covered. Manager Keith Downing said that he was "very pleased" with Keogh's performances, calling him a "tremendous asset" who "strengthened the defence" and formed a partnership at centre-back with Shane Duff that was as good as any in the League.[37] Keogh helped the club to four wins and two draws, The Robbins finished 19th and three points above the relegation zone. In July 2008, with Keogh out of contract at the end of the season, clubs began to show an interest in signing him, though due to his age City were entitled to compensation.[38] Keogh was again offered a new contract[38][39] but the club openly admitted that they expected him to leave,[31] with newly promoted Championship club Doncaster Rovers and League One clubs Southend United and Carlisle United interested in signing him.[38][40]

Carlisle United
Keogh spent time on trial with Doncaster Rovers[40] but on 20 August 2008, it was announced that he had returned to Carlisle United on a permanent transfer from Bristol City, signing a two-year contract for an undisclosed fee.[41] Keogh said that although he spoke to a lot of clubs, "in my heart of hearts I always wanted to come back to Carlisle."[42] Manager John Ward said that he was "delighted" to have re-signed Keogh, calling him an "excellent signing".[43]

After not making the matchday squad for the first three matches of the season, Keogh came off the bench in the 90th minute against Leyton Orient on 23 August after the Cumbrians had been reduced to 10 men. As of May 2016, it is the last time Keogh has made a substitute League appearance. All of his subsequent 300+ League appearances have been starts. He was an unused substitute for the next four League and Cup matches, making his first start of the season on 20 September, in a 2–0 defeat to Leeds United. Keogh came in because of an injury to centre-back Peter Murphy and said that Murphy's injury was "unfortunate", "from a selfish point of view though it was a great opportunity for me and I feel like I did well." He said that he was determined to push on and remain in the starting XI.[44]

He was indeed an ever-present for the next six League and Cup matches, until he was sent off for the first time in his career, receiving a straight red card in a 1–0 defeat to Hereford United on 21 October. He elbowed Hereford striker Steve Guinan and was suspended for three matches.[45] Carlisle were enduring a torrid run of form and manager John Ward feared that the club were being pulled into a relegation dogfight.[46] After winning four of their first five league matches, they had then lost six of their last eight and went on to lose thrice more during Keogh's suspension. After the third loss, a 3–0 defeat at Stockport United, Ward left by mutual consent.[47]

Keogh returned from suspension to be an unused sub during an FA Cup match with Grays Athletic on 8 November that ended 1–1. He returned to the first eleven in the next match, a 3–1 win over Brighton on 15 November. Keogh played in all of the next seven matches as well, Carlisle finishing with three wins, a draw and four defeats. Keogh was rested to the bench for a 3–0 win at home to Huddersfield Town on 26 December, returning for the following match, a 0–0 draw away at Oldham on 28 December. However, Keogh then fell out of favour and was an unused substitute for the next five matches.

He was an ever-present for the remaining eighteen matches of the season, beginning with a 1–1 draw at home to Walsall on 10 February[48] and he scored his first goal for Carlisle in a 2–0 win away to Brighton on 14 February. The team only lost six of the last eighteen, but only won two, seven of the eight draws finishing 1–1. The Cumbrians finished the season 20th, one place and one point above the relegation zone. A 2–0 win away at Millwall on 2 May on the final day of the season secured their survival, their first win in two months. Although, had Northampton won as well, they would have survived instead.

Keogh started the first four matches of the season, from which Carlisle finished with two wins and a draw. However, he then suffered an ankle ligament injury in a 2–1 win at Stockport County on 18 August,[49] which kept him out of action for over a month, missing seven League and Cup matches.[50] He made his comeback as a late substitute in a 3–1 League Cup defeat to Portsmouth on 22 September. He stepped up his recovery by playing 68 minutes of a reserve match against Oldham on 23 September, impressing his manager Greg Abbott with his hard work, determination and fitness levels.[51] The next first team match was against Southampton on 26 September and Keogh started that and every other League and Cup match for the rest of the season, being named man-of-the-match against The Saints

جاك شيراك

جاك رينيه شيراك (بالفرنسية: Jacques Chirac) ‏(29 نوفمبر 1932 - 26 سبتمبر 2019)، سياسي فرنسي ينتمي لحزب الاتحاد من أجل حركة شعبية. انتخب لمنصب رئاسة الجمهورية الفرنسية في 1995 وجدد له في 2002، انتهت رئاسته بتاريخ 17 مايو 2007. وكان قبل ذلك عمدة باريس لمدة 18 عاماً من 1977 إلى 1995. كما تولى رئاسة وزارة فرنسا مرتين:

من 27 مايو 1974 إلى 26 أغسطس 1976.
من 20 مارس 1986 إلى 10 مايو 1988.
تم الحكم عليه بالسجن لسنتين مع وقف التنفيذ في 15 ديسمبر 2011 و ذلك بعد إدانته بالفساد و تبديد المال العام
جاك شيراك