Calicut University

The University of Calicut, also known as Calicut University, is a state university in India run by the state of Kerala. It is headquartered at Thenjipalam in Malappuram district. Established in 1968, it is the second university to be set up in Kerala after University of Kerala. The university is affiliated by the University Grants Commission of India. The university has off-campus centres in Malappuram, Kozhikode, Thrissur, Palakkad, Wayanad districts, and in Lakshadweep islands. It conducts courses and examinations for the students of the affiliated colleges. It has 30 post graduate departments and 426 colleges.
Calicut University was established in 1968 during the C. H. Muhammed Koya was the Minister of Education (Kerala)[2] and was administered by Dr. M.M. Ghani in the 1970s. The university had especially strong faculty in MBA, Physics, Zoology, Chemistry, Botany, History, Malayalam, English and Physical Education.

The campus locales are spread over 500 acres (2.0 km2) in rural outskirt of Malappuram, and had the feel of a hill station.

In the 1980s, a Cockroft-Walton particle accelerator was put in place on campus.

Departments
Important departments include Commerce and Management Studies, Computer Science & Information Technology, Library and Information science, Statistics, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Nanoscience and Technology, Life Sciences, Environmental Science,Geology, Botany, Zoology, Social Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Biotechnology, Mass communication, Psychology, and Multimedia Communication and Language departments such as Malayalam, English, Sanskrit, Hindi, Russian, Arabic.

School of Drama and Fine Arts
Located in Aranattukara, a suburb of Thrissur city this department of the university provides formal education and training in drama and theatre. The school is affiliated with National School of Drama.[3] The school was established in 1977 as a centre for drama artists in Kerala. Under the leadership of late Professor G. Sankara Pillai, the school within a short period earned the reputation as a highly credible centre for studies in various areas of theatre and also a force behind theatre movement in Kerala. In 2000, the institute started the music department offering Post Graduate and PhD courses.[4][5]

Affiliated colleges
The University of Calicut has about 480 colleges with a total annual intake of nearly 100,000 students. Colleges are spread over Kozhikode district (120 colleges), Thrissur district (101), Malappuram district (130), Palakkad district (86) and Wayanad district (18).[6] 279 of these colleges are private colleges and the rest are government run.[6] Most of these colleges offer only undergraduate degrees, while 88 others also offer postgraduate degrees.[6] Subject-wise they comprise 254 arts and science colleges, 63 training colleges, 40 engineering/technical colleges, 7 medical colleges, 4 paramedical colleges, 6 Ayurveda colleges, 10 law colleges, 33 Arabic/Oriental title colleges, 11 I. H. R. D. centres, 8 management studies colleges, 1 music college, 1 fine arts college, 2 colleges of physical education, 21 nursing colleges, 7 dental colleges, 9 pharmacy colleges, 1 Homoeopathy college and 2 colleges for hotel management.[6] The university published a list of affiliated colleges and courses.[7]

Library
The Calicut University Library was established in 1971 and later renamed after C.H. Mohammed Koya (former Minister for Education, Government of Kerala). It is primarily concerned with the conservation and dissemination of knowledge to its users. It plays an important role in the provision of information to the academic community in the Malabar region. It has a collection of about 95,000 books and subscribes to 218 journals and 10 newspapers.

The library follows the Anglo American Cataloguing Rules II (with slight modifications) for cataloguing and the Dewey Decimal Scheme of Classification for the classification of books.

It has the distinction of being the first fully automated university library in the state of Kerala.

The library is situated at the main campus at Thenhippalam on the side of the NH 17.

Apart from the university library, a study centre library is functioning at Calicut to serve the academic community in the city. All major Malayalam dailies and periodicals are available here.

Pareeksha Bhavan
Pareeksha Bhavan, the branch of the university that oversees the conduct of examinations in over 250 affiliated colleges, and which awards degrees, is the largest wing of the university. The branch has been in the news for expert accomplishments of the tasks entrusted.

Arts and sports
Arts festival
The annual Interzonal festival, 'kalolsavam' is held during the months of January - April or in between. The Interzone[8] is conducted among students within the five districts the university spreads to. The various districts conducts different zonal competitions[9] and the winners gain entry to the interzonal festival. The festivals goes on for a week at the most, where various gifted participants showcase their talents both offstage and onstage.

Sports
The annual sports[10] also takes place between the inter colleges among the zones as well as among the zonal colleges. The sports days follow the arts and go on for a week.

Constitution Day

Constitution Day is a holiday to honor the constitution of a country. Constitution Day is often celebrated on the anniversary of the signing, promulgation or adoption of the constitution, or in some cases, to commemorate the change to constitutional monarchy.

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Abkhazia, November 26 (1994).[1] See Constitution of Abkhazia.
Andorra, March 14 (1993).[2] Known locally as Dia de la Constitució. See Constitution of Andorra.
Argentina, May 1 (1853). See Constitution of Argentina. Not a public holiday.
Armenia, July 5 (1995).[3] See Constitution of Armenia.
Australia, July 9 (1900).[4] See Constitution of Australia. Not a public holiday.
Azerbaijan, November 12 (1995).[5] See Constitution of Azerbaijan. Not a public holiday.
Belarus, March 15 (1994).[6] Known locally as Dzień Kanstytucyji. See Constitution of Belarus.
Belgium, July 21 (1890).[7] Known locally as Nationale feestdag van België (in Dutch) and Fête nationale belge (in French).
Day of the Flemish Community, July 11 (Flemish community only). Known locally as Feestdag van Vlaanderen.
French Community Holiday, September 27 (French-speaking community only). Known locally as Fête de la Communauté française.
Wallonia Day, third Sunday of September (Walloon Region only).
Day of the German-speaking Community of Belgium, November 15 (German-speaking community only). Known locally as Feiertag der Deutschsprachigen Gemeinschaft.
Brazil, November 15 (1889). Known in Brazil as Dia da Proclamação da República (Republic Day). See Constitution of Brazil. Public holiday.
Cambodia, September 24 (1993).[8] See Cambodia Constituent Assembly.
Canada Day, July 1 (1867).[9] Also known as Fête du Canada (in French). See Constitution of Canada.
China:
Mainland China, December 4 (1982). See Constitution of the People's Republic of China.
Taiwan Area, December 25 (1947).[10] See Constitution of the Republic of China. Not a public holiday.
Cook Islands, August 4 (1965).[11] Known locally as Te Maeva Nui Celebrations. See Politics of the Cook Islands.
Denmark, June 5 (1849, 1953). Known locally as Grundlovsdag. See Constitution of Denmark.
Dominican Republic, November 6 (1844).[12] See History of the Dominican Republic.
Ethiopia, July 16 (1931). See 1931 Constitution of Ethiopia.[13]
Faroe Islands, June 5 (1849, 1953). Known locally as Grundlovsdag. See Constitution of Denmark.
Federated States of Micronesia, May 10 (1979).
Fiji, September 7 (2013). First observed in 2016.[14] See 2013 Constitution of Fiji.
Finland, July 17 (1919). The first Constitution of Finland, Constitution Act was enacted at that day and Finland became definitively a republic. Not a public holiday like the national day of Finland, Independence Day, December 6 (1917).
Germany, May 23 (1949).[15] See Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany and German Unity Day. Not a public holiday.
Ghana, January 7 (2019).[16] See Constitution of Ghana.
India, November 26 (1949).[17] Indian Constitution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26 November. Celebrated all over India. Known locally as Samvidhan Divas. Not a public holiday.
Indonesia, August 18 (1945).[18] See Constitution of Indonesia. Not a public holiday.
Ireland, December 29 (1937).[19] See Constitution of Ireland. Not a public holiday.
Italy, January 1 (1948). See Constitution of Italy.
Japan, May 3 (1947).[20] See Constitution of Japan.
Kazakhstan, August 30 (1995).[21] See Constitution of Kazakhstan.
Korea:
North Korea, December 27 (1972).[22] See Constitution of North Korea.
South Korea, July 17 (1948).[23] See Constitution of South Korea.
Kyrgyzstan, May 5 (1993).[24] See Constitution of Kyrgyzstan.
Latvia, May 1 (1920).[25] Day of Inauguration of the Constitutional Assembly of Latvia. See Constitution of Latvia.
Lithuania, October 25 (1992).[26] See Constitution of Lithuania.
Marshall Islands, May 1 (1979).[27] See Compact of Free Association.
Maldives, December 22 (1932).
Mexico, February 5 (1917).[28] Known locally as Día de la Constitución. See Constitution of Mexico. Public holiday for Constitution Day is first Monday of February.[29]
Mongolia, January 13 (1924).[30] See Constitution of Mongolia.
Netherlands, December 15 (1954). Known locally as Koninkrijksdag. See Constitution of the Netherlands. Not a public holiday.
Niue, October 19 (1974). See Niue Constitution Act.
Norway, May 17 (1814).[31] Known locally as Syttande mai. See Constitution of Norway.
Pakistan, March 23 (1973).[32] See Constitution of Pakistan.
Palau, July 9 (1980).[33] See Constitution of Palau.
Philippines, February 2 (1987).[34] See the 1987 Constitution. Known locally as Araw ng Saligang Batas (in Filipino). First observed in 2002.
Poland, May 3 (1791).[35] Known locally as Święto Konstytucji 3 Maja. See Constitution of 3 May 1791.
Puerto Rico, July 25 (1952).[36] Known locally as Día de la Constitución del Estado Libre Asociado. Also commemorated as Occupation Day (1898). See Constitution of Puerto Rico.
Romania, December 8 (1991).[37] See Constitution of Romania. Not a public holiday.
Russia, December 12 (1993).[38] Has been a working holiday since 2005. See Constitution of Russia.
Serbia, February 15 (1835).[39] Known locally as Dan državnosti. See Constitution of Serbia.
Slovakia, September 1 (1992).[40] Known locally as Deň Ústavy Slovenskej republiky. See Constitution of the Slovak Republic.
Spain, December 6 (1978).[41] Known locally as Día de la Constitución. See Constitution of Spain.
Sweden, June 6 (1809, 1974).[42] Known locally as Sveriges nationaldag. Also known as the Day of the Swedish flag. See Basic Laws of Sweden.
Switzerland, September 12 (1848). Adoption of the 1st Federal Constitution.[43] See Swiss Federal Constitution. Not a public holiday.
Tajikistan, November 6 (1994).[44] See Constitution of Tajikistan. Not a public holiday.
Thailand, December 10 (1932).[45] Known locally as Wan Ratthathammanun. See Constitution of Thailand.
Turks and Caicos Islands, August 30 (1976).
Ukraine, June 28 (1996).[46] See Constitution of Ukraine.
United States, September 17 (1787).[47] See United States Constitution. Not a public holiday.
Uruguay, July 18 (1830).[48] Known locally as Jura de la Constitución (de la República Oriental del Uruguay). See Constitution of Uruguay.
Uzbekistan, December 8 (1992).[49] Known locally as Konstitutsiya Kuni (in Uzbek). See Constitution of Uzbekistan.
Vanuatu, October 5 (1979).[50] See Constitution of Vanuatu.

Thanksgiving 2019

Thanksgiving Day is a national holiday celebrated on various dates in the United States, Canada, some of the Caribbean islands, and Liberia. It began as a day of giving thanks and sacrifice for the blessing of the harvest and of the preceding year. Similarly named festival holidays occur in Germany and Japan. Thanksgiving is celebrated on the second Monday of October in Canada and on the fourth Thursday of November in the United States, and around the same part of the year in other places. Although Thanksgiving has historical roots in religious and cultural traditions, it has long been celebrated as a secular holiday as well.
History
Prayers of thanks and special thanksgiving ceremonies are common among almost all religions after harvests and at other times.[1] The Thanksgiving holiday's history in North America is rooted in English traditions dating from the Protestant Reformation. It also has aspects of a harvest festival, even though the harvest in New England occurs well before the late-November date on which the modern Thanksgiving holiday is celebrated.[1][2]

In the English tradition, days of thanksgiving and special thanksgiving religious services became important during the English Reformation in the reign of Henry VIII and in reaction to the large number of religious holidays on the Catholic calendar. Before 1536 there were 95 Church holidays, plus 52 Sundays, when people were required to attend church and forego work and sometimes pay for expensive celebrations. The 1536 reforms reduced the number of Church holidays to 27, but some Puritans wished to completely eliminate all Church holidays, including Christmas and Easter. The holidays were to be replaced by specially called Days of Fasting or Days of Thanksgiving, in response to events that the Puritans viewed as acts of special providence. Unexpected disasters or threats of judgement from on high called for Days of Fasting. Special blessings, viewed as coming from God, called for Days of Thanksgiving. For example, Days of Fasting were called on account of drought in 1611, floods in 1613, and plagues in 1604 and 1622. Days of Thanksgiving were called following the victory over the Spanish Armada in 1588 and following the deliverance of Queen Anne in 1705.[3] An unusual annual Day of Thanksgiving began in 1606 following the failure of the Gunpowder Plot in 1605 and developed into Guy Fawkes Day on November 5.[3]

In Canada
According to some historians, the first celebration of Thanksgiving in North America occurred during the 1578 voyage of Martin Frobisher from England in search of the Northwest Passage.[4] Other researchers, however, state that "there is no compelling narrative of the origins of the Canadian Thanksgiving day."[5]

The origins of Canadian Thanksgiving are also sometimes traced to the French settlers who came to New France in the 17th century, who celebrated their successful harvests. The French settlers in the area typically had feasts at the end of the harvest season and continued throughout the winter season, even sharing food with the indigenous peoples of the area.[6]

As settlers arrived in Nova Scotia from New England after 1700, late autumn Thanksgiving celebrations became commonplace. New immigrants into the country—such as the Irish, Scottish, and Germans—also added their own traditions to the harvest celebrations. Most of the US aspects of Thanksgiving (such as the turkey) were incorporated when United Empire Loyalists began to flee from the United States during the American Revolution and settled in Canada.[6]

In the United States
Pilgrims and Puritans who emigrated from England in the 1620s and 1630s carried the tradition of Days of Fasting and Days of Thanksgiving with them to New England. The modern Thanksgiving holiday tradition is traced to a well-recorded 1619 event in Virginia and a sparsely documented 1621 celebration at Plymouth in present-day Massachusetts. The 1619 arrival of 38 English settlers at Berkeley Hundred in Charles City County, Virginia, concluded with a religious celebration as dictated by the group's charter from the London Company, which specifically required "that the day of our ships arrival at the place assigned ... in the land of Virginia shall be yearly and perpetually kept holy as a day of thanksgiving to Almighty God." The 1621 Plymouth feast and thanksgiving was prompted by a good harvest, which the Pilgrims celebrated with Native Americans, who helped them get through the previous winter by giving them food in that time of scarcity.[7][8][9]

Several days of Thanksgiving were held in early New England history that have been identified as the "First Thanksgiving", including Pilgrim holidays in Plymouth in 1621 and 1623, and a Puritan holiday in Boston in 1631.[10][11] According to historian Jeremy Bangs, director of the Leiden American Pilgrim Museum, the Pilgrims may have been influenced by watching the annual services of Thanksgiving for the relief of the siege of Leiden in 1574, while they were staying in Leiden.[12] Now called Oktober Feest, Leiden's autumn thanksgiving celebration in 1617 was the occasion for sectarian disturbance that appears to have accelerated the pilgrims' plans to emigrate to America.[13] Later in Massachusetts, religious thanksgiving services were declared by civil leaders such as Governor Bradford, who planned the colony's thanksgiving celebration and fast in 1623.[14][15][16] The practice of holding an annual harvest festival did not become a regular affair in New England until the late 1660s.[17]

Thanksgiving proclamations were made mostly by church leaders in New England up until 1682, and then by both state and church leaders until after the American Revolution. During the revolutionary period, political influences affected the issuance of Thanksgiving proclamations. Various proclamations were made by royal governors, John Hancock, General George Washington, and the Continental Congress,[18] each giving thanks to God for events favorable to their causes.[19] As President of the United States, George Washington proclaimed the first nationwide thanksgiving celebration in America marking November 26, 1789, "as a day of public thanksgiving and prayer, to be observed by acknowledging with grateful hearts the many and signal favours of Almighty God".[20]

Debate about the nation's first celebrations
The question of where the first Thanksgiving was held in the United States has been a subject of debate, primarily between New England and Virginia, complicated by the concept of Thanksgiving as a holiday celebration versus a religious service. James Baker maintains, "The American holiday's true origin was the New England Calvinist Thanksgiving. Never coupled with a Sabbath meeting, the Puritan observances were special days set aside during the week for thanksgiving and praise in response to God's providence."[10] Baker calls the debate a "tempest in a beanpot" and "marvelous nonsense" based on regional claims.[10] However, the day for Thanksgiving services specifically codified in the founding charter of Berkeley Hundred in 1619 was instrumental in President John F. Kennedy's attempt to strike a compromise between the regional claims, by issuing Proclamation 3560 on November 5, 1963, stating, "Over three centuries ago, our forefathers in Virginia and in Massachusetts, far from home in a lonely wilderness, set aside a time of thanksgiving. On the appointed day, they gave reverent thanks for their safety, for the health of their children, for the fertility of their fields, for the love which bound them together, and for the faith which united them with their God."[21]

Other claims include an earlier religious service by Spanish explorers in Texas at San Elizario in 1598.[22] Robyn Gioia and Michael Gannon of the University of Florida argue that the earliest Thanksgiving service in what is now the United States was celebrated by the Spanish on September 8, 1565, in current Saint Augustine, Florida.[23][24]

Fixing date
Canada
The earlier Thanksgiving celebrations in Canada has been attributed to the earlier onset of winter in the North, thus ending the harvest season earlier.[25] Thanksgiving in Canada did not have a fixed date until the late 19th century. Prior to Canadian Confederation, many of the individual colonial governors of the Canadian provinces had declared their own days of Thanksgiving. The first official Canadian Thanksgiving occurred on April 15, 1872, when the nation was celebrating the Prince of Wales' recovery from a serious illness.[25] By the end of the 19th century, Thanksgiving Day was normally celebrated on November 6. However, when World War I ended, the Armistice Day holiday was usually held during the same week. To prevent the two holidays from clashing with one another, in 1957 the Canadian Parliament proclaimed Thanksgiving to be observed on its present date on the second Monday of October.[6]

United States
Thanksgiving in the United States was observed on various dates throughout history. From the time of the Founding Fathers until the time of Lincoln, the date Thanksgiving was observed varied from state to state. The final Thursday in November had become the customary date in most U.S. states by the beginning of the 19th century, coinciding with and eventually superseding the existing holiday of Evacuation Day (a day commemorating the British exit from the United States following the Revolutionary War).[26] Modern Thanksgiving was first officially called for in all states in 1863 by a presidential proclamation of Abraham Lincoln. Influenced by the campaigning of author Sarah Josepha Hale, who wrote letters to politicians for around 40 years trying to make it an official holiday, Lincoln proclaimed a national Thanksgiving on the final Thursday in November, explicitly in celebration of the bounties that had continued to fall on the Union and for the military successes in the war.[27] Because of the ongoing Civil War, a nationwide Thanksgiving date was not realized until Reconstruction was completed in the 1870s.

On October 31, 1939, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed a presidential proclamation changing the holiday to the next to last Thursday in November, for business reasons.[28] On December 26, 1941, he signed a joint resolution of Congress changing the national Thanksgiving Day from the last Thursday in November to the fourth Thursday.[29]

Since 1971, when the American Uniform Monday Holiday Act took effect, the American observance of Columbus Day has coincided with the Canadian observance of Thanksgiving.[30][31]

Observance
Australia
In the Australian external territory of Norfolk Island, Thanksgiving is celebrated on the last Wednesday of November, similar to the pre–World War II American observance on the last Thursday of the month. This means the Norfolk Island observance is the day before or six days after the United States' observance. The holiday was brought to the island by visiting American whaling ships.[32]

Canada
Thanksgiving (French: l'Action de grâce), occurring on the second Monday in October, is an annual Canadian holiday to give thanks at the close of the harvest season. Although the original act of Parliament references God and the holiday is celebrated in churches, the holiday is mostly celebrated in a secular manner. Thanksgiving is a statutory holiday in all provinces in Canada, except for New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. While businesses may remain open in these provinces, the holiday is nonetheless recognized and celebrated regardless of its status.[33][34][35][36][37]

Grenada
In the West Indian island of Grenada, in the Caribbean, there is a national holiday known as Thanksgiving Day which is celebrated on October 25. Even though it bears the same name, and is celebrated at roughly the same time as the American and Canadian versions of Thanksgiving, this holiday is unrelated to either of those celebrations. Instead the holiday marks the anniversary of the U.S.-led invasion of the island in 1983, in response to the deposition and execution of the socialist Grenadian Prime Minister Maurice Bishop[38] by a military government from within his own party.

Liberia
In the West African country of Liberia, which began in 1820 with the colonization of freed African Americans (Americo-Liberians) from the United States, Thanksgiving is celebrated on the first Thursday of November.[39]

Netherlands
Many of the Pilgrims who migrated to the Plymouth Plantation had resided in the city of Leiden from 1609–1620, and had recorded their births, marriages, and deaths at the Pieterskerk (St. Peter's church). To commemorate this, a non-denominational Thanksgiving Day service is held each year on the morning of the American Thanksgiving Day in the Pieterskerk, a Gothic church in Leiden, noting the hospitality the Pilgrims received in Leiden on their way to the New World.[40]

Besides this, Thanksgiving is observed by orthodox Protestant churches in The Netherlands on the first Wednesday in November (Dankdag [nl]). It is not a public holiday. Those who observe the day either only go to church in the evening or take the day off and go to church in the morning (and occasionally afternoon) too.

Philippines
The Philippines, while it was an American colony in the first half of the 20th century, celebrated Thanksgiving as a special public holiday on the same day as the Americans. During the Japanese occupation during World War II, both the Americans and Filipinos celebrated Thanksgiving in secret. After Japanese withdrawal in 1945, the tradition continued until 1969. It was revived by President Ferdinand Marcos, but the date was changed to be on every September 21, when martial law was imposed in the country. After Marcos' ouster in 1986, the tradition was no longer continued, due to the controversial events that occurred during his long administration.[41]

Today Thanksgiving Day is now recently being celebrated as a commercial and cultural holiday, albeit stripped of its official status. SM Supermalls led the way in the slow revival of Thanksgiving Day on the same day as in the US, as in the old days. Many malls and hotels offer special sales on this day, which is part of the long celebration of Christmas in the Philippines, which begins in September (unlike on Black Friday in the United States).

Saint Lucia
The nation of Saint Lucia celebrates Thanksgiving on the first Monday in October.[42]

United States
Thanksgiving, currently celebrated on the fourth Thursday in November by federal legislation in 1941, has been an annual tradition in the United States by presidential proclamation since 1863 and by state legislation since the Founding Fathers of the United States. Historically, Thanksgiving has traditionally been a celebration of the blessings of the year, including the harvest.[43] What Americans call the "Holiday Season" generally begins with Thanksgiving.[44] Thanksgiving is celebrated both with family and in public places with parades such as Macy's Thanksgiving Parade[45] in New York City, ABC Dunkin' Donuts Thanksgiving Day Parade[46] in Philadelphia, America's Hometown Thanksgiving Parade in Plymouth, Massachusetts, McDonald's Thanksgiving Parade in Chicago, and Bayou Classic Thanksgiving Parade[47] in New Orleans. This first day after Thanksgiving Day—Black Friday (shopping)—marks the start of the Christmas shopping season

SSC CGL

Staff Selection Commission - Combined Graduate Level Examination, often referred to as SSC CGL is an examination conducted to recruit staff to various posts in ministries, departments and organisations of the Government of India. It is conducted by the Staff Selection Commission for selecting staff for various Group B and Group C posts. The Staff Selection Commission was established in 1975
Prerequisites
Candidates applying for the various posts need to have a bachelor's degree from a recognised university at the time of applying. The age requirements are between 20 and 30 years.[3][4] The age limits may vary depending on the position applied. For instance, the position for Inspector of Central Bureau of Narcotics which had an age range from 18 to 27 years, was extended to 30 years in September 2018.[5][6] The application fee for 2017 is Rs. 100. All women candidates and candidates belonging to Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribe, Physically Handicapped, and Ex-Servicemen eligible for reservation are exempted from paying application fee.[7]

Structure
The examination has several Tiers which are conducted over different days with results posted after each Tier. Previous exams also included an interview tier, but following a government order, interviews have been dispensed off for all non-gazetted posts in the central government as of 1 January 2016. A computer proficiency test or a skill test was also added as a Tier for some posts.[8][9] There are four major tiers for the 2018 exam.

Tier I: Preliminary
The Tier I exam consists of a written objective multiple-choice exam with four sections, covering the subjects of:

General Intelligence and Reasoning
General Awareness
Quantitative Aptitude
English Comprehension
The exam was typically scored with maximum 50 Marks per section for a total of 200 Marks.[10][11] The latest versions of this exam such as with 2018 have been conducted online.[12]

Based on results from Tier I, qualified candidates can then take the Tier II and Tier III exams.[13]

Tier II: Mains Exam
Also known as the Mains Exam, the Tier II exam consists of written objective multiple-choice exam, in four sections (also called "Papers"), covering the subjects of:

Quantitative Aptitude
English Language and Comprehension
Statistics
General Studies, which is subdivided into:
Finance & Accounting
Economics & Governance.
The exam was typically scored with maximum 200 Marks per section. Most positions required the candidate to take only the first two sections (Paper-I: Quantitative Aptitude, Paper-II: English Language and Comprehension), but certain positions require the third or fourth section.[10][11][13] The latest versions of this exam such as the 2018 edition have been conducted online.[12]

Tier III exam: Descriptive Paper
A pen-and-paper "offline" exam in which candidates are to do writing in the form of essay writing and letter writing, and sometimes précis and application writing. The exam can be done in English or Hindi.[12][14]

Tier IV exam: Data Entry Skill Test / Computer Proficiency Test
In 2016, a fourth tier was added with two possible exams depending on the positions applied:[11][15][12]

Data Entry Speed Test (DEST): candidates enter data at the rate of 2000 key presses in 15 minutes. This is mainly for positions such as Tax Assistant. (Central Excise & Income Tax)[16]
Computer Proficiency Test (CPT): covering the topics of word processing, spreadsheets, and making slides.
Other exams
Other exams are required for certain positions. The types included:[10][11][12]

Personality Test / Interview (discontinued starting 2016)
Physical Endurance Test / Medical Examination for Central Police Organization (CPO)
Logistics
The 2016 exam was held in 44 batches across 96 cities.[17] There were 3.8 million applicants, of which 1.48 million took the Tier 1 exam. 149,319 candidates passed Tier 1,[18][19] and 35,096 candidates passed Tier 2.[20] The final number of positions for the 2016 exam was estimated to be about 10,661.[21]

Candidates were allowed to view their answer sheets and point out errors in the grading of answers for a fee of Rs. 100 per question.[22][23]

For the 2017 exam, the SSC said about 3,026,598 candidates filled in the online application,[24] of which 1,543,418 candidates took the exam. 226,229 candidates passed Tier 1,[25] and 47,003 candidates passed Tier 2.[26]

Controversies
On 21 February 2018, it was reported that the screenshots of the question paper of the 2017 SSC Tier 2 exam appeared on social media before the exam began.[27][28] This led to massive protests.[27] The authorities canceled the exam, and Central Bureau of Investigation conducted an investigation, releasing a First information report that named several entities including employees at Sify Technologies that allegedly participated in the leak.[27][29][30] The Tier 3 exam for that year was also postponed.[16]

Exam delays
Postponements in exam dates and/or results have been a regular occurrence. In addition to the delays in launching the 2017 Tier 1 exams,[31][32] the 2016 exam final appointments were delayed.[33][21] The 2014 exam was also delayed[34] and the 2018 Tier 1 exams are being postponed

Angela Rayner

Angela Rayner (née Bowen; born 28 March 1980) is a British Labour Party politician who has been Member of Parliament (MP) for Ashton-under-Lyne since 2015.[1] She has served in the Shadow Cabinet as Shadow Secretary of State for Education since 2016.

Rayner left secondary school aged 16 whilst pregnant and without any recognised qualifications. She later trained as a care worker, eventually becoming a trade union representative within Unison, during which time she joined the Labour Party. Shortly after her election to parliament in 2015, she was described in the media as being part of the Labour Party's soft left, and has since been considered by some as a possible future Labour leader.[2][3][4] During her time as shadow education secretary, Rayner has proposed the creation of a National Education Service (NES), modelled after the National Health Service
Early life and education
Rayner was born on 28 March 1980 in Stockport, Greater Manchester.[6] She attended Avondale School in Stockport, leaving the school aged 16 after becoming pregnant, and did not obtain any qualifications.[7][8] She later studied part-time at Stockport College, learning British Sign Language, and qualifying as a social care worker.[6]

Early career
After leaving college, Rayner worked for Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council as a care worker for a number of years. During this time, she was also elected as a trade union representative for Unison.[9] She was later elected as convenor of Unison North West, becoming the union's most senior official in the region.[10][11]

The Guardian featured a lengthy profile of Rayner in 2012, as part of an article on a trade union officer's working life.[12]

Member of Parliament
In 2014, Rayner was selected to become Labour's candidate for the seat of Ashton-under-Lyne, after the retirement of David Heyes. She won the seat at the 2015 general election, increasing both the Labour majority and its share of the vote in the constituency.[13] She delivered her maiden speech in the House of Commons on 3 June 2015. In the 2017 general election held on Thursday 8 June 2017, Rayner successfully defended her Ashton-under-Lyne seat, increasing both the Labour majority and vote share.

Rayner nominated Andy Burnham in the 2015 Labour leadership election, but the following year became one of just 18 MPs to back the incumbent Jeremy Corbyn against challenger Owen Smith in the 2016 leadership election.[14]

On 1 July 2016, after a series of resignations from the Shadow Cabinet, Corbyn appointed Rayner to the position of Shadow Secretary of State for Education.[10]

Political views
In a 2017 interview discussing her political beliefs, Rayner highlighted her pragmatism, described herself as being part of the "soft left" of the Labour Party.[2] As shadow education secretary, Rayner has championed the policy of a "National Education Service", which would be modelled along similar lines to the UK National Health Service, as well as promoting an increase in funding to early years education. She has previously written that decreasing teachers' salaries would lead to shortages in those joining the profession.[15]

Personal life
In 2010, she married Mark Rayner, a Unison official.[6] She has three sons: Ryan, who was born when she was aged 16; Jimmy; and Charlie.[7] Charlie was born prematurely at 23 weeks and Rayner says that the care he received demonstrated the importance of the NHS to her.[11][16] Rayner lives in her constituency of Ashton-under-Lyne with her family. She became a grandmother in November 2017.[17]

In an interview with Evan Davis of the BBC in 2018, Rayner said that her mother had been unable to read or write; a repeat of part of a tribute she made to her mother in 2016.[18]

In March 2019, Rayner revealed that she had fitted panic buttons at her home after rape and death threats were sent to her a few weeks earlier

CamelCamelCamel

Camelcamelcamel is a website that tracks prices of products sold on Amazon.[1][2] It was voted as the most popular price tracking tool among Lifehacker readers in 2015.[3]

Due to a failure of three hard drives on the database server on January 26, 2019, the service was unavailable for several days. The service itself listed a breakdown of the costs needed to recover the service.

روبي سافاج

روبرت ويليام سافاج، من مواليد 18 أكتوبر 1974 في وركسهام في ويلز، لاعب كرة قدم ويلزي.

بدأ مسيرته الكروية مع نادي مانشستر يونايتد الإنجليزي في موسم 1993/1994، وفي عام 1994 انتقل إلى نادي كرو ألكساندريا الإنجليزي، ولعب معهم حتى عام 1997، وشارك معهم في 77 مباراة وسجل 10 أهداف، وفي عام 1997 انتقل إلى نادي ليستر سيتي الإنجليزي، ولعب معهم حتى عام 2002، وشارك معهم في 174 مباراة وسجل 8 أهداف، وفي عام 2002 انتقل إلى نادي برمنغهام سيتي الإنجليزي، ولعب معهم حتى عام 2004، وشارك معهم في 82 مباراة وسجل 11 هدف، ومنذ عام 2004 وهو يلعب مع نادي بلاكبيرن روفرز الإنجليزي.

و قد لعب مع منتخب ويلز لكرة القدم بين عامي 1995 و2005، وشارك معهم في 39 مباراة وسجل هدفين.