الأربعاء، 27 نوفمبر 2019

هدى بيوتي

هدى بيوتي (بالإنجليزية: Huda Beauty) هي سلسلة مستحضرات تجميل أطلقتها هدى قطان في عام 2013. تم اختيار المُؤسسة قطان كواحدة من أكثر 25 شخصية مؤثرة على الإنترنت من قبل مجلة تايم في عام 2017 وبوصفها واحدة من أغنى النساء العصاميات وواحدة من أفضل ثلاث مؤثرات جمال من قبل فوربس. في غضون 5 سنوات، بَنت العلامة التجارية سمعة إيجابية على بعض منتجاتها مثل سلسلة الرموش الصناعية، ومجموعة من كريمات الاساس، وبعض مجموعات الظلال للعين والوجه.
معلومات أساسية
بدأت قطان مدونة ذات صلة بالجمال والتي أطلقت عليها اسم هدى بيوتي، بالإضافة إلى قناة على اليوتيوب في نيسان (ابريل) عام 2010. ومنذ ذلك الحين نجحت قطان في تحقيق النجاح على منصات متعددة: في عام 2018 أصبح لدى هدى بيوتي أكثر من 2 مليون مشترك على اليوتيوب والحساب الأول على قسم الجمال في الانستقرام في العالم بأكثر من 30 مليون متابع. محتويات قنوات قطان موجهة نحو تعليم الجمال: تشارك قطان طرق المكياج وروتين العناية بالبشرة ومنتجات التجميل الشخصية المفضلة. هناك أيضًا مشاركات مدعومة على الرغم من أنها تظهر بنسبة أصغر من المحتوى الأساسي مقارنةً بمؤثرين الانترنت ومدونين الجمال.

أطلقت قطان سلسلة مستحضرات تجميل سميت باسم قناتها في عام 2013. أصبحت منذ ذلك الوقت واحدة من أسرع ماركات الجمال التجارية نموا في العالم.

الإطلاق
كان أول منتج لهدى بيوتي عبارة عن مجموعة من الرموش الصناعية التي تم بيعها بواسطة سيفورا في دبي عام 2011 وفي الولايات المتحدة عام 2015. وأفادت التقارير أن الأخوات كارداشيان يستخدمن رموش هدى بيوتي، مما وفر اعلان مبكر ودعم للعلامة التجارية. في عام 2018 تقدرت قيمة شركة هدى بيوتي بقيمة 550 مليون دولار أمريكي وتقدر قيمة الشركة كعمل تجاري بأكثر من مليار دولار وفقاً لفوربس. وفي ديسمبر 2017 تلقت الشركة استثمارات أقلية من تي اس جي لشركاء التجاريون المستهلكون وهي شركة أسهم خاصة استثمرت سابقاً في العلامات التجارية لتجميل مثل "سماشبوكس" و "اتز كوسمتك" (تم شرائهما من قبل شركات التجميل الكبرى إستي لودر ولوريال).

المنتجات
تقدم هدى بيوتي أكثر من 140 منتجًا عبر الإنترنت أو في المتجر. أطلقت العلامة التجارية للجمال مجموعة كاملة من المنتجات والتي تشمل مجموعات أحمر الشفاه ومجموعات الوجه مثل الاضاءه والكونتور، الأظافر الصناعية والرموش الصناعية والمنتج التعاوني مع تويزرمان. وقد صنفت رموش سامانثا منذ إطلاقها كواحدة من أفضل المنتجات مبيعا ونقداً عالياً.

المبيعات مازالت جميع المنتجات التي تم إطلاقها في عام 2018 تجلب 200 مليون دولار على الأقل من الإيرادات السنوية. وقد وصفت مجلة الأخبار تايم هذا "عصر العلامة التجارية للجمال على الإنترنت" حيث استولت منتجات التجميل على الإنترنت على نسبة مئوية كبيرة أكثر من سوق الجمال التقليدي. انهم يمتلكون حصة متزايدة بشكل كبير في السوق كله.

السعر

يعتبر سعر منتجات هدى بيوتي معقولاً على نطاق واسع مقارنة بالمنتجات المماثلة التي تشترك بنفس سوق العمل. على الرغم من أن أسعار منتجات هدى بيوتي مرتفعة نسبياً مقارنةً بالعلامات التجارية للجمال التي أنشأها مستخدمو اليوتيوب أو مدونين الانستقرام. يطلق المدونون في الغالب منتجات الجمال ويحددون سعرًا أقل بقليلاً من سعر السوق العادي ولأنه لم يتم اخنبار أسماء علاماتهم التجارية وجودة منتجاتهم عبر الزمن.

وبالرغم من ذلك تبيع هدى بيوتي كريم الاساس بسعر 65 دولار أسترالي في متاجر سيفورا الأسترالية في حين تقدم "فنتي بيوتي من قبل "ريهانا" كريم اساس مماثلة في الاسواق الحالية المستهدفة بقيمة 50 دولار.

أيضا تبيع شركة التجميل الأولى إستي لودر كريم الاساس "دبل وير" التي تم مراجعته بشكل جيد اقل من 60 دولار في المتاجر مثل ويستفيلد وديفيد جونز في أستراليا.

ومع ذلك فإن منتج هدى بيوتي الأكثر شهرة: الرموش الصناعية "سامانثا" التي ما زال تحقق النجاح في المبيعات على الرغم من ان سعره 35 دولار في استراليا. في حين ان شو ايمورا حاليا الاسم الأول في قسم الجمال المتعلق بالعيون يقدم رموش اصطناعية تقريبا بسعر 25 دولار أستُرالي في المتاجر

التقييم

الرموش الصناعية وكريمات الاساس هي الأكثر رواجًا من منتجات العلامة التجارية وفقاً لكمية بيعها وصافي الدخل وتحمل تصنيف #7. وقد وردت تعليقات واسعة النطاق على ان كريم الاساس خيار كافي لمجموعة واسعة من درجات ألوان البشرة المختلفة. في غضون ذلك فإن مجموعة ظلال العيون ورموش العيون الصناعية هي في الغالب المنتجات التي تم تقيمها بشكل إيجابي. في حين أن مجموعات الوجه وأحمر الشفاه السائل أو غيرها من المنتجات قد شهدت تعادلًا في حصة السوق.

الجدالات والنقد
تفتيح الاعضاء التناسلية

وقد أثارت هدى بيوتي كبرنامج تعليمي على الانترنت وعلامة تجارية جدلا كبيرا حول بعض المواضيع. واجهت العلامة التجارية خلافات شديدة حول المشاركة في مدونة تنصح النساء حول طرق لتفتيح لون أعضائهن التناسلية. نشرت اورجنلي يوم 7 ابريل 2018 صفحة بعنوان " لماذا يصبح المهبل الخاص بك غامق وكيفية تفتيحه" وإشارة إلى بعض النصائح من "خبير موثوق به" ومجلس الامراض الجلدية دوريس داي. تم انتقاد هذه المشاركة باعتبارها غير مهنية ومضللة.

ألوان البشرة المحدودة

تم إلقاء اللوم عموما على هدى بيوتي بسبب سوء تقديمها لـ"كريم الاساس المزيف التصفية" ومجموعة الظل على التويتر. هذا يعني أن العلامة التجارية تحاول إنشاء صورة انها هي الأكثر شمولا في الواقع. وقالت جوتي اينا صانعة محتوى في اليوتيوب في مجال الجمال: إن هذه العلامة التجارية يمكن أن ترضي النساء اللواتي يتمتعن بلون بشرة داكنة. في الواقع كانت هناك تغريدات من نساء داكنات يشيرون إلى تهميش قطان ألوان البشرة الادكن قبل فترة طويلة من تحدث اينا عن المنتج على قناتها.

الادعاءات المتعلقة بالتقليد

بودرة التثبيت مقابل بوتي بيكر 

أطلقت هدى بيوتي سلسلة منتجات تدعى "هدى إيزي بيك" في يونيو 2018. لاحظ البعض أوجه تشابه بين هذا المنتج وبين منتجات بيوتي بيكر وهي علامة سوداء صغيره تابعة لعلامة تجارية هندية امريكيه. عامل مؤثر أخر وهو جيفري ستار الذي أنتقد منتجات هدى بيوتي مرات عديدة. في يوليو 2018 قام ستار بنشر فيديو زعم فيه أن هدى بيوتي قامت بنسخ بودرة التثبيت من العلامة التجارية بيوتي بيكر

لم يتهمها فقط بسرقة الفكرة بل في التغليف وجلسة تصوير المنتج أيضا. في جلسة تصوير هدى قطان ارتدت اللون الزهري وكانت تبدو وكأنها تخبز في المطبخ والتي تبدو مشابه لصورة بيوتي بيكر

لاحقا قام ستار بتصوير مقطع يقارن فيه بين منتج هدى بيوتي ومنتج بيوتي بيكر ومدى التشابه بينهم.

كريم الأساس مقابل فنتي بيوتي

في 2017 , أعلنت هدى بيوتي عن ظهور مجموعة كريم أساس مع مجموعة متنوعة من الظلال. بعد انطلاق المجموعة واجهت الانتقادات من متابعي فنتي بيوتي بسبب نسخهم  لمجموعة كريم الأساس برو فلتر من فنتي بيوتي.

تضم فوكس فلتر من مجموعة كريم الأساس من هدى بيوتي مجموعة مختاره من 30 لونا من الظلال. بينما ماركة ريانا فنتي بيوتي برو فلتر تتضمن 40 لون ظل.

جدال حول آثار حب الشباب

كما في عام 2015 قامت فتاه تدعى إم فورد من الولايات المتحده بنشر فيديو على اليوتيوب باسم (انتي تبدين مقززه). يتكلم الفيديو عن التعليقات السلبية التي كانت تحيط بها بسبب إضفاء الطابع الإنساني من خلف الشاشات لإنهاء أنواع لغة التنمر. حتى الآن في أكتوبر 2018 تم مشاهدة الفيديو أكثر من 28 مليون مشاهده.

قامت هدى بوضع اعلان في اليوتيوب تلوم فيه وتفضح الاقران الأخرين لآثار حب الشباب. وقامت ايضا بنشر اعلان تقول فيه الشيء الوحيد الاسوأ من الإصابة بالطفح الجلدي هي اثار حب الشباب. ومع ذلك استغلت هدى الإيجابية التي حصدها فيديو فورد لتظهر مدى البشاعة التي يمكن ان تخلفها اثار حب الشباب.

بعد ما شاهدت إم فورد ما نشرته هدى قامت بسؤالها بما أنها تمتلك علامة تجارية أذا كانت تود أن تصبح حل لواحده من مشاكل التنمر.

أنتهى ذلك برد قطان بالاعتذار لها.

التسويق
تقدر صناعة منتجات الجمال حوالي 445 مليار دولار. العامل الأساسي لنوها السريع هم مؤثرون المنصات الاجتماعية الذين يعتمدون على التركيز البصري مثل اليوتيوب والانستقرام  بينترست الذي يقوم ببناء مدونات عن العلامات التجارية مثل فنتي بيوتي.

وفقا لمجلة لفورس انخفض عائق دخول مجال التجميل كمقاولين لديهم عدد قوي من المتابعين في مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي. ويستطيعون الاستعانة بمختبرات بعقود أساسية لاختبار المنتجات والقيام ببيعها في المحلات مثل سيفورا والتا. اعتبارا من 2018 أصبحت مدونات العلامات التجاريه للتجميل تأخذ نسبا عاليه في سوق الجمال.

وفقا لأداة الجدوله في الانستقرام التي تنشر قائمة الأغنياء الأشد تأثيرا وتقدر القيم ودخل المؤثرين في الانترنت. تكسب قطان كمالكه لشركة هدى بيوتي لكل منشور 66000 درهم إماراتي. مع ذلك يعتبر نادرا في مسارها. سميت قطان واحده من أهم 25 شخصية مؤثره على الناس في الانترنت بجانب ج.ك رولنج وكيم كارداشيان.

ماركة هدى بيوتي من ضمن أفضل المبيعات لمستحضرات التجميل في سيفورا في الشرق الأوسط وفي هارودز في لندن. وفقا للعاملين في مجال الموضه فإن أصل قطان كمهاجره عراقية في أمريكا تتميز عن غيرها من المؤثرين على الجمال. قامت بدراسة الموارد المالية في أمريكا ومارسة المهنة كخبيرة مكياج في دبي.

العطور
في 2018، ذكر أن هدى بيوتي سوف تدخل في مجال العناية بالبشرة والعطور وأعلنت عن مجموعة جديدة من العطور.

Godfrey Gao

Godfrey Gao (Chinese: 高以翔; pinyin: Gāo Yǐxiáng; 22 September 1984 – 27 November 2019) was a Taiwanese-Canadian model and actor, noted as the first Asian model to appear in a campaign for Louis Vuitton. He was known for his roles as Magnus Bane in the 2013 film adaptation of The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones and for his leading role in Chinese television series Remembering Lichuan.
Early life
Gao was born Tsao Chih-Hsiang in Taipei on 22 September, 1984.[1][2][3] Gao's father is Shanghainese but raised in Taiwan, and worked as a general manager at Michelin Taiwan; his mother is a Peranakan Chinese from George Town who won the Miss Penang beauty pageant in 1970.[4] The youngest of three brothers,[5] Gao moved with his family to Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, during his childhood.[5] He later studied at Capilano University in North Vancouver,[6] where the 6'4" Gao played basketball for the school's team.[5]

Career
Gao returned to Taiwan to work as a model in 2004, and was managed by JetStar Entertainment.[7][8] Gao and fellow male models Sphinx Ting, Victor Chen [zh], and Lan Chun-tien [zh] were collectively nicknamed the "Fashion 4" (F4), and would jointly release a book in 2009.[5] In 2011, he became the first Asian model for the fashion brand Louis Vuitton.[6][9]

Gao began appearing in minor roles in Chinese television dramas in 2006, and had his first starring role in the 2010 television drama Volleyball Lover.[5] In 2013, he made his American film debut as Magnus Bane in the film adaption of The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones.[10] His starring role in the 2016 drama Remembering Lichuan was widely acclaimed, and earned him the nickname of the "nation's husband" in Chinese media.[5][9] Gao's other notable credits include the 2015 film Wedding Bible alongside Korean actress Yoo In-na;[11] and the 2017 romantic comedy film Love is a Broadway Hit, alongside Wang Likun, Wang Chuanjun, Yuan Li and Naren Weiss.[12]

Death
On 27 November 2019 at about 1:45 am, Gao collapsed in Ningbo while filming Chase Me, a sports reality television series broadcast on Zhejiang Television.[13][6] He was taken to a hospital, where after attempts at resuscitation for nearly three hours, he was pronounced dead.[14][15] Gao's death was confirmed on the social media site Sina Weibo by his agency JetStar Entertainment,[16] which said in a statement that "in the early hours of Nov. 27, our beloved Godfrey collapsed while filming on set. Following three hours of rescue efforts, he unfortunately left us. We are very shocked and saddened and even until now find it impossible to accept."[9][15]

The producers of Chase Me said in a statement that Gao died from cardiac arrest.[17][18][19] Gao's death prompted increased scrutiny and criticism of the series, which involves contestants competing in physical challenges often to the point of exhaustion, with director and actor Xu Sheng stating that the series "must be held responsible" for what he claimed were poor safety conditions.[20] In a statement on Sina Weibo, Zhejiang Television stated that they were "deeply regretful and sorry for the ireparable and serious consequences that this incident has caused, and are willing to take up responsibility."[21]

Gao's body was transported to Taipei, Taiwan on 27 November 2019

جوناثان ميلر

جوناثان ميلر (بالإنجليزية: Jonathan Miller) (و. 1934 – م) هو ممثل، وكاتِب، ومخرج مسرحي، من المملكة المتحدة، ولد في لندن، هو عضوٌ في الأكاديمية الأمريكية للفنون والعلوم، وكلية الأطباء الملكية.
التعليم
تعلم في جامعة كامبريدج، وكلية لندن الجامعية، وكلية سانت جونز.

مناصب وهيئات
أدار كلية لندن الجامعية، وجامعة ساسكس.

جوائز وترشيحات
حصل على جوائز منها:

جائزة لورنس أوليفيه 
قائد وسام الامبراطورية البريطانية.
ترشح لـ:

جائزة توني لأفضل إخراج مسرحي  (1986).

Jonathan Miller

Sir Jonathan Wolfe Miller, CBE (21 July 1934 – 27 November 2019)[1] was an English theatre and opera director, actor, author, television presenter, humourist, and medical doctor. After training in medicine and specialising in neurology in the late 1950s, he came to prominence in the early 1960s in the comedy revue Beyond the Fringe with Peter Cook, Dudley Moore and Alan Bennett.

Miller began directing operas in the 1970s. His 1982 production of a "Mafia"-styled Rigoletto was set in 1950s Little Italy, Manhattan. In its early days, he was an associate director at the National Theatre. He later ran the Old Vic Theatre. As a writer/presenter of more than a dozen BBC documentaries, Miller became a television personality and public intellectual in Britain and the United States.
Biography
Early life
Miller grew up in St John's Wood, London, in a well-connected Jewish family of Lithuanian descent. His father Emanuel (1892–1970), who suffered from severe rheumatoid arthritis, was a military psychiatrist and subsequently a paediatric psychiatrist in Harley House. His mother, Betty Miller (née Spiro), was a novelist and biographer. Miller's sister Sarah (died 2006) worked in television for many years and retained an involvement with Judaism that Miller, as an atheist, always eschewed.

Miller was educated at Taunton School[2] and St Paul's School, London[3] where he developed an early (and ultimately lifelong) interest in the biological sciences. While at St Paul's School at the age of 12, Miller met and became close friends with Oliver Sacks and Oliver's best friend Eric Korn, friendships which remained crucial throughout the rest of their lives. Miller studied natural sciences and medicine at St John's College, Cambridge (MB BChir, 1959), where he was a member of the Cambridge Apostles before going on to train at University College Hospital in London.[citation needed]

While studying medicine, Miller was involved in the Cambridge Footlights, appearing in the revues Out of the Blue (1954) and Between the Lines (1955). Good reviews for these shows, and for Miller's performances in particular, led to him performing on a number of radio and TV shows while continuing his studies; these included appearances on Saturday Night on the Light, Tonight and Sunday Night at the London Palladium. He qualified as a medical doctor in 1959 and then worked as a hospital house officer for two years, including at the Central Middlesex Hospital as house physician for gastroenterologist Dr.(later Sir) Francis Avery Jones.

1960s: Beyond the Fringe
Miller helped to write and produce the musical revue Beyond the Fringe, which premiered at the Edinburgh Festival in August 1960. This launched, in addition to his own, the careers of Alan Bennett, Peter Cook and Dudley Moore. Miller quit the show shortly after its move from London to Broadway in 1962, and took over as editor and presenter of the BBC's arts programme Monitor in 1965. The Monitor appointment arose because Miller had approached Huw Wheldon about taking up a place on the BBC's director training course. Wheldon assured him that he would "pick it up as he went along
Miller's first experience of directing a stage-play was for John Osborne, whose Under Plain Cover he directed in 1962.[4] In 1964, he directed the play The Old Glory by the American poet Robert Lowell in New York City. It was the first play produced at the American Place Theatre and starred Frank Langella, Roscoe Lee Brown, and Lester Rawlins. The play won five Obie Awards in 1965 including an award for "Best American Play" as well as awards for Langella, Brown and Rawlins.[5][6][7][8]

He wrote, produced, and directed an adaptation for television of Alice in Wonderland (1966) for the BBC. He followed this with Whistle and I'll Come to You (1968) starring Michael Hordern, a television adaptation of M. R. James's 1904 ghost story "Oh, Whistle, and I'll Come to You, My Lad". He produced a National Theatre Company production of The Merchant of Venice starring Sir Laurence Olivier. He later resigned as associate director.

1970s: Medical history and opera
Miller held a research fellowship in the history of medicine at University College London from 1970 to 1973. In 1974, he also started directing and producing operas for Kent Opera and Glyndebourne, followed by a new production of The Marriage of Figaro for English National Opera in 1978. Miller is an opera director with productions being Rigoletto (in 1975 and 1982) and the operetta The Mikado (in 1987).

Miller drew upon his own experiences as a physician as writer and presenter of the BBC television series The Body in Question (1978),[9] which caused some controversy for showing the dissection of a cadaver. For a time, he was a vice-president of the Campaign for Homosexual Equality.[10]

1980s: Shakespeare and neuropsychology
In 1980, Miller was persuaded to join the troubled BBC Television Shakespeare project (1978–85). He became producer (1980–82) and directed six of the plays himself, beginning with a well received Taming of the Shrew starring John Cleese. In the early 1980s, Miller was a popular and frequent guest on PBS' Dick Cavett Show.

Miller wrote and presented the BBC television series, and accompanying book, States of Mind in 1983 and the same year directed Roger Daltrey as Macheath, the outlaw hero of the BBC's production of John Gay's 1728 ballad opera, The Beggar's Opera. He also became chair of Edinburgh Festival Fringe board of directors. In 1984, he studied neuropsychology with Dr. Sandra Witelson at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, before becoming a neuropsychology research fellow at the University of Sussex the following yea
1990s
In 1990, Miller wrote and presented a joint BBC/Canadian production entitled, Born Talking: A Personal Inquiry into Language. The four-part series looked into the acquisition of language, and complexities surrounding language production, with special focus on sign language used by deaf people. This interest was contemporaneous with his friend Oliver Sacks' immersion in, and writing/publishing a book about Deaf Culture and deaf people entitled Seeing Voices. Miller then wrote and presented the television series Madness (1991) and Jonathan Miller on Reflection (1998). The five-part Madness series ran on PBS in 1991. It featured a brief history of madness and interviews with psychiatric researchers, clinical psychiatrists, and patients in therapy sessions. In 1992, Opera Omaha staged the US premiere of the Gioachino Rossini's 1819 opera Ermione, directed by Miller.

2000s: Atheism and return to directing
In 2004, Miller wrote and presented a TV series on atheism entitled Atheism: A Rough History of Disbelief (more commonly referred to as Jonathan Miller's Brief History of Disbelief) for BBC Four, exploring the roots of his own atheism and investigating the history of atheism in the world. Individual conversations, debates and discussions for the series that could not be included due to time constraints were aired in a six-part series entitled The Atheism Tapes. He also appeared on a BBC Two programme in February 2004, called What the World Thinks of God appearing from New York. The original three-part series was slated to air on public television in the United States, starting 4 May 2007, cosponsored by the American Ethical Union, American Humanist Association, Center for Inquiry, the HKH Foundation, and the Institute for Humanist Studies.

In 2007, Miller directed The Cherry Orchard at The Crucible, Sheffield, his first work on the British stage for ten years. He also directed Monteverdi's L'Orfeo in Manchester and Bristol, and Der Rosenkavalier in Tokyo and gave talks throughout Britain during 2007 called An Audience with Jonathan Miller in which he spoke about his life for an hour and then fielded questions from the audience. He also curated an exhibition on camouflage at the Imperial War Museum. He has appeared at the Royal Society of the Arts in London discussing humour (4 July 2007) and at the British Library on religion (3 September 2007).

In January 2009, after a break of twelve years, Miller returned to the English National Opera to direct his own production of La Bohème, notable for its 1930s setting. This same production ran at the Cincinnati Opera in July 2010, also directed by Miller.

2010s
On 15 September 2010 Miller, along with 54 other public figures, signed an open letter published in The Guardian, stating their opposition to Pope Benedict XVI's state visit to the UK.[11] In April and May 2011, Miller directed Verdi's La Traviata in Vancouver, Canada,[12] and in February and March 2012, Mozart's Cosi fan tutte in Washington, DC.[13]

On 25 November 2015 the University of London awarded Miller an honorary degree in Literature.[14]

Personal life
Miller married Rachel Collet in 1956. They had two sons and a daughter.[15] He lived in Camden Town, north London.[16] In November 2019 Miller died after a long battle with Alzheimer's.[17]

Parodies and representations
Stevie Smith included a thinly-disguised and uncomplimentary version of Miller, aged nine, in her short story 'Beside the Seaside: A Holiday with Children' (1949).
Private Eye (which had a falling-out with Miller[citation needed][clarification needed]) occasionally lampooned him under the name 'Dr Jonathan', depicting him as a Dr Johnson-like self-important man of learning.
In the film for television Not Only But Always about the careers of Peter Cook and Dudley Moore, Jonathan Aris played Jonathan Miller as a young man; Aris reprised the role in the BBC Radio 4 play Good Evening (2008) by Roy Smiles.
Along with the other members of Beyond the Fringe, he is portrayed in the play Pete and Dud: Come Again, by Chris Bartlett and Nick Awde.
In the BBC Radio Four series The Burkiss Way edition 35, broadcast on 2 April 1979, he was impersonated by Nigel Rees in a fairly lengthy parody "The Blood Gushing All over the Screen in Question", in which the history of nasty diseases was traced and the style of Miller's presentation was sent up. It was written by Andrew Marshall and David Renwick
In the 1980s a puppet of Miller appeared frequently in Spitting Image sketches, most notably "Bernard Levin and Jonathan Miller Talk Bollocks".
Honours and awards
Special Tony Award (1963), with co-stars Alan Bennett, Peter Cook, Dudley Moore, "for their brilliance which has shattered all the old concepts of comedy" in the musical revue Beyond the Fringe.
Distinguished Supporter, Humanists UK.
Honorary Associate, National Secular Society.[18]
Honorary Fellow, University College London.
Honorary Fellow, Royal College of Art.
Associate member, Royal Academy of Dramatic Art.
Honorary Fellow, St John's College, Cambridge (1982).
Honorary Fellow, Royal College of Physicians (London and Edinburgh).
Honorary D.Phil., University of Cambridge.
Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE; 1983).
Nomination: Best Director Tony Award (1986), for his revival of O'Neill's Long Day's Journey into Night.
Knight Bachelor (2002), for services to music and the arts.
Nominated artist of honour at Bornholm thanks to his instruction in Rønne Theater (Opera Island Bornholm; 2003).
Foreign Member, American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
President, Rationalist Association (2006–present)[19]
Lifetime Achievement Award, Medical Journalists' Association (2012)
Bibliography
Books
Miller, Jonathan (1971). McLuhan. Fontana Modern Masters.
Miller, Jonathan (1971). Censorship and the Limits of Personal Freedom. Oxford University Press.
Miller, Jonathan (1972). Freud: The Man, His World and His Influence. Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
Miller, Jonathan (1974). The Uses of Pain (Conway memorial lecture). South Place Ethical Society.
Miller, Jonathan (1978). The Body in Question. Jonathan Cape.
Miller, Jonathan (1982). Darwin for Beginners. Writers and Readers Comic Book/2003 Pantheon Books (USA). ISBN 0-375-71458-8.
Miller, Jonathan (1983). The Human Body. Viking Press. (1994 Jonathan Cape [pop-up book])
Miller, Jonathan (1983). States of Mind. Conversations with Psychological Investigators. BBC /Random House.
Miller, Jonathan (1984). The Facts of Life. Jonathan Cape. (pop-up book intended for children)
Miller, Jonathan (1986). Subsequent Performances. Faber.
Miller, Jonathan & John Durrant (1989). Laughing Matters: A Serious Look at Humour. Longman.
Miller, Jonathan (1990). Acting in Opera. Applause Theatre & Cinema Books. (The Applause Acting Series)
Miller, Jonathan (1992). The Afterlife of Plays. San Diego State Univ Press. (University Research Lecture Series No. 5)
Miller, Jonathan (1998). Dimensional Man. Jonathan Cape.
Miller, Jonathan (1998). On Reflection. National Gallery Publications/Yale University Press (USA). ISBN 0-300-07713-0.
Miller, Jonathan (1999). Nowhere in Particular. Mitchell Beazley. ISBN 1-84000-150-X. [collection of his photographs]
Editor
Miller, Jonathan (1968). Harvey and the Circulation of Blood: A Collection of Contemporary Documents. Jackdaw Publications.
Miller, Jonathan (1990). The Don Giovanni Book: Myths of Seduction and Betrayal. Faber.
Contributor
Miller, Jonathan; Alan Bennett; Peter Cook; Dudley Moore (1963). Beyond the Fringe. A Revue. Souvenir Press/Samuel French.
Miller, Jonathan; Margaret Drabble; Richard Hoggart; Adrian Mitchell; et al. (1969). The Permissive Society. Panther.
Miller, Jonathan; Alan Bennett; Peter Cook; Dudley Moore (1987). The Complete Beyond the Fringe. Methuen. ISBN 0-413-14670-7.
Sokol, B.J. (ed.) (1993). The undiscover'd country: New Essays on Psychoanalysis and Shakespeare. Free Association Books. ISBN 1-85343-197-4. – Jonathan Miller: 'King Lear in Rehearsal: A Talk' and seven other essays
Silvers, Robert B. (ed.); Jonathan Miller; Stephen Jay Gould; Daniel J Kevles; RC Lewontin; Oliver Sacks (1997). Hidden Histories of Science. Granta Books.
Silvers, Robert B. (ed.) (2000). Doing It : Five Performing Arts. New York Review of Books (USA). ISBN 0-940322-75-7. Essays by Jonathan Miller Geoffrey O'Brien, Charles Rosen, Tom Stoppard and Garry Wills
Introductions and forewords
Lowell, Robert (1966). Old Glory, The: Endecott and the Red Cross; My Kinsman, Major Molineux; and Benito Cereno. (directors note)
Rothenstein, Julian (2000). The Paradox Box: Optical Illusions, Puzzling Pictures, Verbal Diversions. Redstons Press / Shambhala Publications (USA).
Scotson, Linda (2000). Doran: Child of Courage. Macmillan.
Discography
Actor
"Bridge on the River Wye" (1962 Parlophone LP; as American Announcer, American G.I., American Lieutenant, British Sergeant)
Filmography
Actor
Beyond the Fringe (1964), TV version.
One Way Pendulum (1964)
Sensitive Skin (as "Dr Cass", 2 episodes, 2005)[20]
Director
Alice in Wonderland (1966; BBC television drama; Also writer and producer; Provides commentary track on DVD version)
Whistle and I'll Come to You (1968; BBC television drama).
Take a Girl Like You (1970, starring Hayley Mills).
BBC Television Shakespeare[21] (1978–85):
The Taming of the Shrew (1980), starring John Cleese.
Timon of Athens (1981), starring Jonathan Pryce.
Antony and Cleopatra (1981), starring Colin Blakely.
Othello (1981), starring Anthony Hopkins and Bob Hoskins.
Troilus and Cressida (1981) .
King Lear (1982), starring Michael Hordern.
The Beggar's Opera (1983; BBC television opera), starring Roger Daltrey and Bob Hoskins.
Presenter-writer
Monitor (1962; also editor).
The Zoo in Winter (1969), BBC, directed by Patrick Garland.
The Body in Question (1978–79), 13 episodes.
Equinox - Prisoner of Consciousness (1986)
Born Talking: A Personal Inquiry into Language (1990), 4 episodes.
Madness (1991).
Equinox - Moving Pictures (1991)
Jonathan Miller's Opera Works (1997), 6 episodes.
Jonathan Miller on Reflection (1998).
Absolute Rubbish with Jonathan Miller (2004)
Atheism: A Rough History of Disbelief (2004), 3 episodes.
The Atheism Tapes (2004).
Interviewee
In 1988 Miller made an extended appearance on the discussion programme After Dark, described here.
BBC. Great Composers of the World. Miller appears on the Puccini and Bach DVDs of this BBC series. In the Bach episode, he discusses his affection for the famous "Erbarme Dich" aria of the St Matthew Passion.
PBS. Vermeer: Master of Light. Miller appears in this one-hour program on the painter.
Selected stage productions
Musical revue
Beyond the Fringe (performer, writer, producer; Edinburgh Festival; 1960).
Beyond the Fringe (performer, writer; Fortune Theatre, London; 1961–62).
Beyond the Fringe (performer, writer; John Golden Theatre. NYC; 27 October 1962 to 30 May 1964; 667 performances).[22]
Oratorio
St. Matthew Passion (Director; St. George's Theatre, London, February 1994) with Paul Goodwin. A dramatised production of J.S. Bach's masterpiece, recorded for BBC Television.This production was also revived at London's National Theatre in September/October 2011 with Southbank Sinfonia, conducted by Paul Goodwin.
Drama
The Old Glory (Director; American Place Theatre, 1964) starring Frank Langella, Roscoe Lee Brown, and Lester Rawlins.
The Merchant of Venice (Director; Cambridge Theatre, 1970) starring Laurence Olivier.
Danton's Death (Director; 1972) starring Christopher Plummer.
Long Day's Journey into Night (Director; Broadhurst Theatre, 28 April to 29 June 1986; 54 performances), starring Jack Lemmon.
Camera Obscura (Director; Almeida Theatre, 13 May to 8 June 2002; Theatre Royal, Bath, 11 to 15 June 2002; Theatre Royal, Winchester, 18 to 22 June 2002; The Oxford Playhouse 25 to 29 June 2002, starring Peter Eyre, and Diana Hardcastle.
King Lear (Director; Vivian Beaumont Theater 4 March to 18 April 2004; 33 performances).
The Cherry Orchard (Director; Crucible Theatre, 2007).
Opera
Over four decades, Miller has directed more than 50 operas in cities including London, New York, Florence, Milan, Berlin, Munich, Zurich, Valencia and Tokyo.

Così fan tutte (Stage director; Kent Opera, 1974). The first of seven operas Miller directed for Kent Opera.
Rigoletto (Stage director; 1975). Set in the 19th century.
L'Orfeo (Stage director; Glyndebourne, 197?).
Le nozze di Figaro (Stage director; English National Opera, 1978). A televised version was made in 1991.
Rigoletto (Stage and video director; English National Opera, 1982). Set in 1950s Little Italy, Manhattan.
The Mikado (Stage and video director; English National Opera, 1987) starring Eric Idle.
La traviata (Stage director; Glimmerglass Opera, 1989).
La fanciulla del West (Stage and video director; 1991).
Rodelinda (Stage director; Salomons Science Theatre, Tunbridge Wells, 1996).
Le nozze di Figaro (Stage director and producer; Metropolitan Opera, 1998)
ctor; 2000).
Tamerlano (Stage and video director; 2001).
Die Entführung aus dem Serail (Stage and video director; 2003).
Falstaff (Stage director; New National Theatre Tokyo, 2004).
Jenůfa (Stage director; Glimmerglass Opera with New York City Opera in Cooperstown, New York, 29 July to 29 August 2006).
L'Orfeo (Stage director; Manchester and Bristol productions, 2007).
Der Rosenkavalier (Stage director; New National Theatre Tokyo, 2007).
La traviata (Stage director; Glimmerglass Opera, 2009).
La bohème (Stage director; Cincinnati Opera, 2010).
Pelléas et Mélisande (Stage director; Metropolitan Opera, 2005 and 2010).
La traviata (Director; Vancouver Opera, 2011)).
Miller's most recent opera productions in England were Cosi fan Tutte and Don Pasquale at the Royal Opera House (both revived in 2012) and La Boheme and L'Elisir d'Amore at the English National Opera. His production of Rigoletto at the ENO is still being revived after 28 years and his production of The Mikado is about to return in its 25th year. His 1987 ENO production of The Barber of Seville has often been revived, most recently in 2017.
Museum and gallery exhibitions
Miller curated an exhibition on "Reflexion" (1998) at the National Gallery and one on "Motion in Art and Photography" at the Estorick Gallery in Islington.
Miller had three exhibitions of his own art work at Flowers East, the Boundary Gallery and at the Katz Gallery in Bond Street, London.Die Zauberflöte (Stage and video dire

Clive James

Clive James AO CBE FRSL (7 October 1939 – 24 November 2019)[1] was an Australian author, critic, broadcaster, poet, translator and memoirist. He lived and worked in the United Kingdom from 1961 until his death in 2019Early life
James was born Vivian Leopold James in Kogarah, a southern suburb of Sydney. He was allowed to change his name as a child because "after Vivien Leigh played Scarlett O'Hara the name became irrevocably a girl's name no matter how you spelled it".[3] He chose "Clive", the name of Tyrone Power's character in the 1942 film This Above All.[4]

James's father (Albert Arthur James) was taken prisoner by the Japanese during World War II. Although he survived the prisoner-of-war camp, he died when the aeroplane returning him to Australia crashed in Manila Bay; he was buried at Sai Wan War Cemetery in Hong Kong.[5] James, who was an only child, was brought up by his mother (Minora May, née Darke), a factory worker,[6] in the Sydney suburbs of Kogarah and Jannali, living some years with his English maternal grandfather.[3][7]

In Unreliable Memoirs, James said an IQ test taken in childhood scored him at 140.[8] He was educated at Sydney Technical High School (despite winning a bursary award to Sydney Boys High School) and the University of Sydney, where he studied English and Psychology from 1957 to 1960, and became associated with the Sydney Push, a libertarian, intellectual subculture. At the university, he edited the student newspaper, Honi Soit, and directed the annual Union Revue. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts with Honours in English in 1961. After graduating, James worked for a year as an assistant editor for The Sydney Morning Herald.

In early 1962, James moved to England, where he made his home. During his first three years in London, he shared a flat with the Australian film director Bruce Beresford (disguised as "Dave Dalziel" in the first three volumes of James's memoirs), was a neighbour of Australian artist Brett Whiteley, became acquainted with Barry Humphries (disguised as "Bruce Jennings") and had a variety of occasionally disastrous short-term jobs – sheet metal worker, library assistant, photo archivist and market researcher.

James later gained a place at Pembroke College, Cambridge, to read English literature. While there, he contributed to all the undergraduate periodicals, was a member and later President of the Cambridge Footlights, and appeared on University Challenge as captain of the Pembroke team, beating St Hilda's, Oxford, but losing to Balliol on the last question in a tied game. During one summer vacation, he worked as a circus roustabout to save enough money to travel to Italy.[9] His contemporaries at Cambridge included Germaine Greer (known as "Romaine Rand" in the first three volumes of his memoirs), Simon Schama and Eric Idle. Having, he claimed, scrupulously avoided reading any of the course material (but having read widely otherwise in English and foreign literature), James graduated with a 2:1—better than he had expected—and began a Ph.D. thesis on Percy Bysshe Shelley.[5]

Career
Critic and essayist
James became the television critic for The Observer in 1972,[6] remaining in the role until 1982. Selections from the column were published in three books — Visions Before Midnight, The Crystal Bucket and Glued to the Box – and finally in a compendium, On Television.

He extensively wrote literary criticism for newspapers, magazines and periodicals in Britain, Australia and the United States, including, among many others, The Australian Book Review, The Monthly, The Atlantic Monthly, the New York Review of Books, The Liberal and the Times Literary Supplement. John Gross included James's essay "A Blizzard of Tiny Kisses" in the Oxford Book of Essays (1992, 1999).

The Metropolitan Critic (1974), his first collection of literary criticism, was followed by At the Pillars of Hercules (1979), From the Land of Shadows (1982), Snakecharmers in Texas (1988), The Dreaming Swimmer (1992), Even As We Speak (2004), The Meaning of Recognition (2005) and Cultural Amnesia (2007), a collection of miniature intellectual biographies of over 100 significant figures in modern culture, history and politics. A defence of humanism, liberal democracy and literary clarity, the book was listed among the best of 2007 by The Village Voice.

Another volume of essays, The Revolt of the Pendulum, was published in June 2009.

He also published Flying Visits, a collection of travel writing for The Observer.

For many years, until mid-2014, he wrote the weekly television critique page in the "Review" section of the Saturday edition of The Daily Telegraph.

Poet and lyricist
James published several books of poetry, including Poem of the Year (1983), a verse-diary, Other Passports: Poems 1958–1985, a first collection, and The Book of My Enemy (2003), a volume that takes its title from his poem "The Book of My Enemy Has Been Remaindered".[10]

He published four mock-heroic poems — The Fate of Felicity Fark in the Land of the Media: a moral poem (1975), Peregrine Prykke's Pilgrimage Through the London Literary World (1976), Britannia Bright's Bewilderment in the Wilderness of Westminster (1976) and Charles Charming's Challenges on the Pathway to the Throne (1981) — and one long autobiographical epic, The River in the Sky (2018).[11]

During the 1970s he also collaborated on six albums of songs with Pete Atkin:

Beware of the Beautiful Stranger (1970)
Driving Through Mythical America (1971)
A King at Nightfall (1973)
The Road of Silk (1974)
Secret Drinker (1974)
Live Libel (1975).
A revival of interest in the songs in the late 1990s, triggered largely by the creation by Steve Birkill of an Internet mailing list "Midnight Voices" in 1997, led to the reissue of the six albums on CD between 1997 and 2001, as well as live performances by the pair. A double album of previously unrecorded songs written in the seventies and entitled The Lakeside Sessions: Volumes 1 and 2 was released in 2002 and Winter Spring, an album of new material written by James and Atkin was released in 2003.[citation needed] This was followed by Midnight Voices, an album of remakes of the best Atkin/James songs from the early albums, and, in 2015, by The Colours of the Night, which included several newly completed songs.

James acknowledged the importance of the Midnight Voices group in bringing to wider attention the lyric-writing aspect of his career. He wrote in November 1997, "That one of the midnight voices of my own fate should be the music of Pete Atkin continues to rank high among the blessings of my life".[12]

In 2013, he issued his translation of Dante's Divine Comedy. The work, adopting quatrains to translate the original's terza rima, was well received by Australian critics.[13][14] Writing for The New York Times,[15] Joseph Luzzi thought it often fails to capture the more dramatic moments of the Inferno, but that it is more successful where Dante slows down, in the more theological and deliberative cantos of the Purgatorio and Paradiso.

Novelist and memoirist
In 1980 James published his first book of autobiography, Unreliable Memoirs, which recounted his early life in Australia and extended to over a hundred reprintings. It was followed by four other volumes of autobiography: Falling Towards England (1985), which covered his London years; May Week Was in June (1990), which dealt with his time at Cambridge; North Face of Soho (2006), and The Blaze of Obscurity (2009), concerning his subsequent career as a television presenter. An omnibus edition of the first three volumes was published under the generic title of Always Unreliable.

James also wrote four novels: Brilliant Creatures (1983), The Remake (1987), Brrm! Brrm! (1991), published in the United States as The Man from Japan, and The Silver Castle (1996).

In 1999, John Gross included an excerpt from Unreliable Memoirs in The New Oxford Book of English Prose. John Carey chose Unreliable Memoirs as one of the fifty most enjoyable books of the twentieth century in his book Pure Pleasure (2000).


Television
James developed his television career as a guest commentator on various shows, including as an occasional co-presenter with Tony Wilson on the first series of So It Goes, the Granada Television pop music show. On the show when the Sex Pistols made their TV debut, James commented: "During the recording, the task of keeping the little bastards under control was given to me. With the aid of a radio microphone, I was able to shout them down, but it was a near thing ... they attacked everything around them and had difficulty in being polite even to each other".[16]

James subsequently hosted the ITV show Clive James on Television, in which he showcased unusual or (often unintentionally) amusing television programmes from around the world, notably the Japanese TV show Endurance. After his defection to the BBC in 1988, he hosted a similarly-formatted programme called Saturday Night Clive (1988–1990) which initially screened on Saturday evening, returning as Saturday Night Clive on Sunday in its second series when it changed screening day and then Sunday Night Clive in its third and final series. In 1995 he set up Watchmaker Productions to produce The Clive James Show for ITV, and a subsequent series launched the British career of singer and comedian Margarita Pracatan. James hosted one of the early chat shows on Channel 4 and fronted the BBC's Review of the Year programmes in the late 1980s (Clive James on the '80s) and 1990s (Clive James on the '90s), which formed part of the channel's New Year's Eve celebrations.

In the mid-1980s, James featured in a travel programme called Clive James in... (beginning with Clive James in Las Vegas) for LWT (now ITV) and later switched to BBC, where he continued producing travel programmes, this time called Clive James's Postcard from... (beginning with Clive James's Postcard from Miami) – these also eventually transferred to ITV. He was also one of the original team of presenters of the BBC's The Late Show, hosting a round-table discussion on Friday nights.

His major documentary series Fame in the 20th Century (1993) was broadcast in the United Kingdom by the BBC, in Australia by the ABC and in the United States by the PBS network. This series dealt with the concept of "fame" in the 20th century, following over a course of eight episodes (each one chronologically and roughly devoted to one decade of the century, from the 1900s to the 1980s) discussions about world-famous people of the 20th century. Through the use of film footage, James presented a history of "fame" which explored its growth to today's global proportions. In his closing monologue he remarked, "Achievement without fame can be a rewarding life, while fame without achievement is no life at all."

A well known fan of motor racing, James presented the 1982, 1984 and 1986 official Formula One season review videos produced by the Formula One Constructors Association, more commonly known as FOCA. James, who attended most F1 races during the 1980s and was a friend of former FOCA boss Bernie Ecclestone, added his own humour to the reviews which became popular with fans of the sport. He also presented The Clive James Formula 1 Show for ITV to coincide with their Formula One coverage in 1997.

Summing up the medium, he said: "Anyone afraid of what he thinks television does to the world is probably just afraid of the world".

Radio
In 2007, James started presenting the BBC Radio 4 series A Point of View, with transcripts appearing in the "Magazine" section of BBC News Online. In this programme James discussed various issues with a slightly humorous slant. Topics covered included media portrayal of torture,[17] young black role models[18] and corporate rebranding.[19] Three of James's broadcasts in 2007 were shortlisted for the 2008 Orwell Prize.[20]

In October 2009 James read a radio version of his book The Blaze of Obscurity, on BBC Radio 4's Book of the Week programme.[21] In December 2009 James talked about the P-51 Mustang and other American fighter aircraft of World War II in The Museum of Curiosity on BBC Radio 4.[22]

In May 2011 the BBC published a new podcast, A Point of View: Clive James, which features all sixty A Point of View programmes presented by James between 2007 and 2009.

He posted vlog conversations from his internet show Talking in the Library, including conversations with Ian McEwan, Cate Blanchett, Julian Barnes, Jonathan Miller and Terry Gilliam. In addition to the poetry and prose of James himself, the site featured the works of other literary figures such as Les Murray and Michael Frayn, as well as the works of painters, sculptors and photographers such as John Olsen and Jeffrey Smart.

Theatre
In 2008 James performed in two self-titled shows at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe: Clive James in Conversation and Clive James in the Evening. He took the latter show on a limited tour of the UK in 2009.

Famous lines
He famously described Arnold Schwarzenegger, in his bodybuilding days, as looking like "a brown condom full of walnuts".[23] He described the romantic novelist Barbara Cartland as having "Twin miracles of mascara, her eyes looked like the corpses of two small crows that had crashed into the white cliffs of Dover." He also used to call the Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat by the female name 'Yasmin Arafat'.

Honours
In 1992, James was made a Member of the Order of Australia (AM). This was upgraded to Officer level (AO) in the 2013 Australia Day Honours. James was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2012 New Year Honours for services to literature and the media.[24] In 2003 he was awarded the Philip Hodgins Memorial Medal for Literature. He received honorary doctorates from the Universities of Sydney and East Anglia. In April 2008, James was awarded a Special Award for Writing and Broadcasting by the judges of the Orwell Prize.[25]

He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 2010.[26] He was an Honorary Fellow of Pembroke College, Cambridge (his alma mater). In the 2015 BAFTAs, James received a special award honouring his 50-year career.

In 2014, he was awarded the President's Medal by the British Academy.[27]

Political views
James's political views were prominent in much of his later writing. While critical of communism for its tendency towards totalitarianism, he still identified with the left. In a 2006 interview in The Sunday Times,[28] James said of himself: "I was brought up on the proletarian left, and I remain there. The fair go for the workers is fundamental, and I don't believe the free market has a mind." In a speech given in 1991, he criticised privatisation: "The idea that Britain's broadcasting system—for all its drawbacks one of the country's greatest institutions—was bound to be improved by being subjected to the conditions of a free market: there was no difficulty in recognising that notion as politically illiterate. But for some reason people did have difficulty in realising that it was economically illiterate too."[29]

Overall, James identified as a liberal social democrat.[30] He strongly supported the 2003 invasion of Iraq, saying in 2007 that "the war only lasted a few days" and that the continuing conflict in Iraq was "the Iraq peace".[31] He also wrote that it was "official policy to rape a woman in front of her family" during Saddam Hussein's regime and that women have enjoyed more rights since the invasion.[32] He was also a Patron of the Burma Campaign UK, an organisation that campaigns for human rights and democracy in Burma.[33]

James was noted for expressing views sympathetic to climate change scepticism.[34][35]

Describing religions as "advertising agencies for a product that doesn't exist", James was an atheist and saw it as the default and obvious position.[36][37]

Personal life
In 1968, at Cambridge,[38] James married Prudence A. "Prue" Shaw,[2] an emeritus reader in Italian studies at University College London and the author of Reading Dante: From Here to Eternity. James and Shaw had two daughters. In April 2012, the Australian Channel Nine programme A Current Affair ran an item in which the former model Leanne Edelsten admitted to an eight-year affair with James beginning in 2004.[39] Shaw threw her husband out of the family home following the revelation.[2] Prior to this, for most of his working life, James divided his time between a converted warehouse flat in London and the family home in Cambridge. He maintained a general policy of not talking publicly about his family although he made occasional self-deprecating comments in his various memoirs about some of his experiences of living in a house with three women.

After the death of his friend Diana, Princess of Wales, James wrote a piece for The New Yorker entitled "Requiem", recording his overwhelming grief.[40] The article is also available here.[41] Since then he mainly declined to comment about their friendship, apart from some remarks in his fifth volume of memoirs Blaze of Obscurity.

James was able to read, with varying fluency, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Russian and Japanese.[42] A tango enthusiast, he travelled to Buenos Aires for dance lessons and had a dance floor in his house.[36]

Health
For much of his early life, James was a heavy drinker and smoker. He recorded in May Week Was in June his habit of filling a hubcap ashtray daily.[43][44] At various times he wrote of attempts – intermittently successful – to give up drinking and smoking.[45] He admitted smoking 80 cigarettes a day for a number of years.[46] In April 2011, after media speculation that he had suffered kidney failure,[47] James confirmed that he was suffering from B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and had been in treatment for 15 months at Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge.[48] In an interview with BBC Radio 4 in June 2012, James admitted that the disease "had beaten him" and that he was "near the end".[49] He said that he was also diagnosed with emphysema and kidney failure in early 2010.[50]

On 3 September 2013, an interview with journalist Kerry O'Brien, Clive James: The Kid from Kogarah, was broadcast by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.[51] The interview was filmed in the library of his old college at Cambridge University.[51]

In a BBC interview with Charlie Stayt, broadcast on 31 March 2015, James described himself as "near to death but thankful for life".[52] However, in October 2015, he admitted to feeling "embarrassment" at still being alive thanks to experimental drug treatment.[53]

Until June 2017, he wrote a weekly column for The Guardian entitled "Reports of My Death...".[54]

Death
James died on 24 November 2019 at his home in Cambridge.[55][56][57]Cite error: There are <ref> tags on this page without content in them (see the help page).

Bibliography
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Non-fiction
James, Clive (1974). The Metropolitan Critic.
— (1977). Visions before midnight : television criticism from The Observer 1972–76.
— (1979). At the Pillars of Hercules.
— (1980). First Reactions : critical essays 1968–79.
— (1981). The crystal bucket : television criticism from The Observer 1976–79.
— (1982). From the land of shadows.
— (1983). Glued to the box : television criticism from The Observer.
— (1984). Flying visits : postcards from The Observer, 1976–83.
— (1988). Snakecharmers in Texas : essays 1980–87.
— (1991). Clive James on television.[58]
— (1992). The dreaming swimmer : non-fiction, 1987–1992.
— (1993). Fame in the 20th Century.
— (2001). Reliable essays : the best of clive james.
— (2003). As of this writing : essays 1968–2000.
— (2004). Even as we speak : new essays 1993–2001.
— (2005). The meaning of recognition : new essays 2001–2005.
— (2007). Cultural amnesia : necessary memories from history and the arts.
— (2009). The revolt of the pendulum : essays 2005–2009.
— (2011). A Point of View.[59]
— (2013). Cultural cohesion : essential essays.
— (2014). Poetry notebook 2006–2014.
— (2015). Latest readings.
— (2016). Play all.
— (2019). Somewhere becoming rain: Collected writings on Philip Larkin.
Memoirs
James, Clive (1980). Unreliable memoirs.
— (1985). Falling towards England.
— (1990). May Week was in June.
— (2006). North Face of Soho.
— (2009). The blaze of obscurity.
Novels
James, Clive (1983). Brilliant creatures.
— (1987). The remake.
— (1991). Brrm! Brrm!.[60]
— (1996). The Silver Castle.
Poetry
Epics
— (1975). The fate of Felicity Fark in the land of the media: a moral poem.
— (1976). Peregrine Prykke's pilgrimage through the London literary world.
— (1976). Britannia Bright's bewilderment in the wilderness of Westminster.
— (1981). Charles Charming's challenges on the pathway to the throne.
— (1983). Poem of the Year.
— (2016). Gate of lilacs: A verse commentary on Proust.
— (2018). The River in the Sky.
Collections
— (1977). Fan-mail: seven verse letters.
— (1986). Other passports: poems 1958–1985.
— (2003). The book of my enemy.[61]
— (2008). Angels over Elsinore: collected verse 2003–2008.
— (2009). Opal sunset: selected poems 1958–2009.
— (2012). Nefertiti in the flak tower.
— (2015). Sentenced to life.
— (2016). Collected poems 1958–2015.
— (2017). Injury time.
Translations
Dante Alighieri (2013). Dante's divine comedy. Translated by Clive James

غاري رودس

غاري رودس (بالإنجليزية: Gary Rhodes) هو طاهٍ ومقدم تلفزيوني بريطاني، ولد في 22 أبريل 1960 في لندن في المملكة المتحدة.

Gary Rhodes

Gary Rhodes OBE[1] (22 April 1960 – 26 November 2019)[2] was a British restaurateur and television chef, known for his love of British cuisine and ingredients and for his distinctive spiked hair style. He fronted shows such as MasterChef, MasterChef USA, Hell's Kitchen, and his own series, Rhodes Around Britain. As well as owning four restaurants, Rhodes also had his own line of cookware and bread mixes.[3] Rhodes went on to feature in the ITV1 programme Saturday Cooks, as well as the UKTV Food show Local Food Hero.
Early years
Rhodes was born in south London in 1960. He moved with his family to Gillingham, Kent, where he went to The Howard School in Rainham.[4] He then went on to catering college in Thanet where he met his wife Jennie.[5]

Career
His first job was at the Amsterdam Hilton Hotel.[6] He was hit by a transit van in Amsterdam leaving him with serious injuries. He then toured Europe in various jobs before becoming sous chef at the Reform Club, Pall Mall and then on to the Michelin-starred Capital Hotel in Knightsbridge where he worked under Brian Turner.[7] Rhodes became the head chef at the Castle Hotel, Taunton in Somerset. He retained the hotel's Michelin star at the age of 26.[8]

In 1990 Rhodes returned to London with his family to become Head Chef at the Greenhouse Restaurant in Mayfair. The menu became known for reviving British classics, including faggots, fish cakes, braised oxtails and bread and butter pudding.[4] He was awarded a Michelin star for the Greenhouse in January 1996. In 1997 he opened his first restaurant, City Rhodes, and in 1997 Rhodes in the Square – both with global contract catering company Sodexo. This partnership expanded into the brasseries of Rhodes and Co in Manchester, Edinburgh and Crawley.[9]

He then opened Rhodes Twenty Four in one of London's tallest buildings, Tower 42. Rhodes described his hopes for the restaurant on launch: "If we never get a Michelin star here, I will be very disappointed, but what I really want is customers."[10] It won a Michelin star in 2005,[11] which it retained until it closed as one of two Michelin starred restaurants for Rhodes in London.[12]

Rhodes also owned Arcadian Rhodes on the P&O superliner Arcadia, Cumberland Rhodes, and Rhodes Calabash, in Grenada.[9] He was also a contributor to the BBC Good Food magazine.[13]

His first TV appearance was at the age of 27, courtesy of Glynn Christian on Hot Chefs; this led to Rhodes Around Britain and Gary's Perfect Christmas.[14] For two seasons, 2000 and 2001, Rhodes hosted the original MasterChef USA on PBS.[15] Rhodes ran a TV series New British Classics reintroducing classic British cuisine, and published a book of the same name.[16][17]

Rhodes starred in the television series Rhodes Across India,[18] with apprentices Bushra Akram, Scott Davis and Kalwant Sahota, and Rhodes Across China, which explored Chinese cuisine, with sous chefs Melissa Syers and Teresa Tsang.[19]

Rhodes appeared in a commercial tie-in with Tate & Lyle in the late 1990s, and his recipes endorsed sugar and treacle products accordingly; his name was printed on every Tate & Lyle sugar sachet across the country.[20] Rhodes was associated with a Cooking in Schools campaign with Flora UK and appeared in television adverts for Flora margarine, some of which featured him "driving a van topped with a giant styrofoam crumpet" which were banned.[21]

He was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) on 17 June 2006.[6] In the same year he competed, representing the South of England, in the BBC's Great British Menu, but lost to Atul Kochhar.[22]

Rhodes appeared on the BBC Two spoof game show Shooting Stars, during which hosts Vic Reeves and Bob Mortimer asked him to 'represent fire through the medium of dance'.[23] He also competed, with professional partner Karen Hardy, in the sixth series of Strictly Come Dancing which began on 20 September 2008, and finished in 14th place.[6]

In 2011 he moved to Dubai. He headed Rhodes Mezzanine (the forerunner to Rhodes W1) at the Grosvenor House hotel,[24] and another called Rhodes Twenty10 at Le Royal Meridien Beach Resort.[9] In 2013 he opened his first restaurant in Abu Dhabi.[25] Rhodes was a supporter of Manchester United FC.

Death
Rhodes died in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, on 26 November 2019; he was aged 59.[9] Rock Oyster Media and Goldfinch TV said, in a statement to the PA news agency, that Rhodes was taken ill very suddenly at home, during a break in filming a new television series, and died a short time afterward.[26]

Many fellow celebrity chefs paid tribute, including Marcus Wareing, Aldo Zilli, Ainsley Harriott,[27] Gordon Ramsay, and Jamie Oliver, who said he was "a massive inspiration to me as a young chef", adding that he "reimagined modern British cuisine with elegance and fun."[28] Tom Kerridge described Rhodes as "one of the greatest British chefs who almost single handedly put British food on the world stage."[29]

Restaurants
Rhodes Calabash – located in the Calabash hotel, in Grenada[30]
Arcadian Rhodes – aboard the P&O liner Arcadia[31]
Oriana Rhodes at the Curzon – aboard the P&O liner Oriana[32]
Rhodes D7 Restaurant in Dublin – closed in 2009[33]
Rhodes W1 (Grosvenor House; London) – closed[34]
Rhodes Twenty10 (Le Royal Meridien Beach Resort & Spa and Dubai, United Arab Emirates)[35]
Rhodes 44 (St. Regis Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates) – closed in 2014[36]
Rhodes at the Dome, Plymouth Hoe, Plymouth - ended involvement in Jan 2016

زياد علي

زياد علي محمد