Wonder Woman 1984

Wonder Woman 1984 is an upcoming American superhero film based on the DC Comics character Wonder Woman, distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is a sequel to 2017's Wonder Woman and is the ninth installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU). The film is directed by Patty Jenkins, from the script she wrote with Geoff Johns and David Callaham, from the story written by Johns and Jenkins. It stars Gal Gadot in the title role, with Chris Pine, Kristen Wiig, Pedro Pascal, Robin Wright, and Connie Nielsen in supporting roles. It is the fourth live-action theatrical film featuring the title character, following Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016), Wonder Woman and Justice League (2017); it will be the second full-length feature film centered around the character.

Discussion of a sequel began shortly after the release of the first film in June 2017, and the decision to proceed was confirmed the following month. Principal photography began on June 13, 2018 – with filming taking place at Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden in England, as well as the District of Columbia and Northern Virginia in the United States, London and Duxford in England, Tenerife and Fuerteventura in the Canary Islands, and Almería in Andalusia, Spain – and finished on December 22, 2018, after a six-month shoot. Additional filming took place in July 2019.

Wonder Woman 1984 is scheduled to be released in the United States by Warner Bros. Pictures in RealD 3D, Dolby Cinema, IMAX and IMAX 3D on June 5, 2020.
Premise
In 1984, Diana Prince comes into conflict with two formidable foes: Maxwell Lord and the Cheetah.[2][3]

Cast
Gal Gadot as Diana Prince / Wonder Woman: An immortal demigoddess, Amazon princess, and warrior. Diana is the daughter of Hippolyta the Amazonian Queen of Themyscira, and the King of the Olympian Gods, Zeus.[4]
Chris Pine as Steve Trevor: An American pilot, and the love interest of Diana, who had presumably died during the events of the first film.[5]
Kristen Wiig as Barbara Ann Minerva / Cheetah: An archaeologist who befriends Diana, before becoming imbued with Cheetah-like abilities.[6][3][7]
Pedro Pascal as Maxwell Lord: A business man and entrepreneur who is famous for TV infomercials.[8][9]
Robin Wright as Antiope: Hippolyta's deceased sister, general of the Amazon army, and Diana's aunt. She will appear in flashbacks.[10]
Connie Nielsen as Hippolyta: The queen of Themyscira and Diana's mother.[10]
Additionally, Natasha Rothwell, Ravi Patel, Gabriella Wilde, Kristoffer Polaha and Amr Waked have been cast in undisclosed roles.[11][12][13][14]

Production
Development
Gal Gadot, who had originally signed for three feature films with Wonder Woman being her second, had extended her contract beyond that.[4] The director of the first film, Patty Jenkins, who was initially signed for only one film, had expressed interest in returning to direct the sequel.[15][16] In June 2017, during an interview with Variety, comic book writer Geoff Johns revealed that he and Jenkins had started writing the treatment for a Wonder Woman sequel and that he had a "cool idea for the second one".[17][18] While speaking in a Q&A at Women in Film screening of the film, Jenkins confirmed she would indeed direct the sequel.[19] However, Jenkins later tweeted that "it wasn't a confirmation. Just talking about ideas and hopes".[20]

On July 22, 2017, at San Diego Comic-Con, the studio officially announced a sequel would be produced, with Jenkins returning as director; its title was listed as Wonder Woman 2.[21][22] In September 2017, it was officially confirmed that Jenkins would be directing the sequel.[23] On September 13, 2017, it was reported that The Expendables' writer David Callaham would join the film to write the script along with Jenkins and Johns, who were already working on it for several months.[24] On February 28, 2018, it was reported that the film would be shot with IMAX film cameras in select action sequences.[25] By late May 2018, long-time DCEU producer Zack Snyder confirmed on social media platform Vero that he, along with his wife Deborah Snyder, would serve as producers on the Wonder Woman sequel.[26] On June 13, 2018, the title of the film was announced to be Wonder Woman 1984.[5] A source close to Jenkins described it as a stand-alone film "in the same way that Indiana Jones or [James] Bond films are, instead of one continuous story that requires many installments."[27]

Pre-production
Pre-production officially began by early December 2017 in the United Kingdom.[28] That same month, director Patty Jenkins stated that the film would be another great love story.[29] In April 2018, the film was confirmed to be set in the 1980s.[30] The next month, production designer Aline Bonetto (Amélie, Wonder Woman) was announced to be returning for the sequel, as well as Academy Award winner Lindy Hemming, also returning as costume designer.[31]

Casting
In September 2017, Gal Gadot was confirmed to return as the title character.[32] On February 28, 2018, it was reported that Kristen Wiig was in talks with the studio to play Cheetah, the main villain of the film,[6] with director Patty Jenkins confirming her casting the next month.[3] By March 28, Pedro Pascal, who played Ed Indelicato in the pilot of the canceled 2011 Wonder Woman television adaptation, was cast in an undisclosed key role, later revealed to be Maxwell Lord.[8][33] On June 13, Jenkins confirmed the addition of Chris Pine as Steve Trevor through Twitter.[34] On July 24, 2018, Natasha Rothwell was announced to be cast in an undisclosed role.[11] A few days later, on July 27, Ravi Patel and Gabriella Wilde also joined the film, with their roles being kept under wraps as well.[12] By late August, Connie Nielsen and Robin Wright were confirmed to reprise their roles as Hippolyta and Antiope in a flashback sequence.[10] In November 2018, Kristoffer Polaha revealed that he has a role in the film.[13]

Filming
Principal photography began on June 13, 2018, under the working title Magic Hour.[35] Filming took place at Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden in England, and at a number of locations around the District of Columbia and Northern Virginia in the United States, including the Landmark Mall in Alexandria, Virginia and Georgetown during June and July 2018,[36][37][38] with scenes shot in Alexandria from June 18 through July 14.[39] Filming occurred outside the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C., during mid-June.[40] Other filming locations around D.C. included the Penn Quarter neighborhood, McPherson Square, the DAR Constitution Hall near the White House, the Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian), and the Lincoln Memorial.[41][42][43] By mid-July, production in the United States was completed and moved to England.[44] In August, filming on location took place in several places around London, including St. Andrew's Place, Regent's Park and the Royal College of Physicians.[45][46] Between September and October 2018, production also took place at Almería, in Andalusia, southern Spain,[47][48] as well as Fuerteventura and Tenerife in the Canary Islands.[49][50] From September 5 to 11, filming occurred at the Alcazaba of Almería fortified complex and the Wall of Jayran in Almería.[51] Production moved to Fuerteventura from September 13 through September 26, with the Corralejo Dunes National Park, Parque Holandés, El Jablito, La Oliva and the Jandía Natural Park as filming locations.[52][53] Filming in Tenerife began during the last week of September, lasting two weeks at various different locations on the island.[54][55]

Production went back to England in October, with shooting on location taking place at the Imperial War Museum in Duxford, and Hyde Park and the Savoy Hotel in Central London.[56] By the end of the month, filming occurred at Torrington Square, adjacent to Birkbeck, University of London.[57] By mid-November 2018, Pedro Pascal finished filming his role.[58] Principal photography was completed on December 22, 2018, after a six-month shoot.[59][60] Additional photography began in London at Warner Bros. Studios on July 28, 2019.[61]

Post-production
Richard Pearson will serve as the editor for Wonder Woman 1984.[35] John Moffatt (Harry Potter and Life) will serve as the overall visual effects supervisor for the film.[62][63] Double Negative (DNEG), Framestore and Method Studios will provide the visual effects for the film.[64][65][66] Alexis Wajsbrot is serving as the visual effects supervisor for Framestore.[67]

Music
On August 22, 2018, Hans Zimmer was announced as the composer for Wonder Woman 1984, replacing Rupert Gregson-Williams who scored the first film. Zimmer previously scored Man of Steel and Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, the first and second films in the DC Extended Universe.[68]

Release
Wonder Woman 1984 is scheduled to be released by Warner Bros. Pictures in the United States in RealD 3D, Dolby Cinema, and IMAX 3D on June 5, 2020.[69] It was previously set for December 13, 2019, and then moved to November 1, 2019, before settling on its mid-2020 release date.[70][71]

Marketing
On June 22, 2018, it was reported that Gal Gadot would be attending Warner Bros' DC presentation at San Diego Comic-Con (SDCC) 2018, and some footage from the film would be shown to promote it.[72] Director Patty Jenkins and actors Gadot and Chris Pine attended the Wonder Woman 1984 panel at SDCC on July 21, 2018, where a short clip of the film was shown.[73] New footage was shown during CinemaCon 2019 in Las Vegas, Nevada, with a first look at Kristen Wiig in the film.[74] In June 2019, Warner Bros. screened an extended look to European exhibitors at CineEurope in Barcelona, Spain.[75]

A teaser poster debuted on June 5, 2019, one year ahead of the film's release date.[76] In October 2019, it was announced that the film's first trailer would debut during Comic Con Experience CCXP 2019 on December 8, with Gal Gadot and director Patty Jenkins attending the event in São Paulo, Brazil.[77] By the end of the month, WarnerMedia Entertainment debuted new footage from the film during the HBO Max presentation to the press.[78] The first trailer debuted on December 8, at the 2019’s Comic Con Experience (CCXP), with the show being livestreamed on Twitter around the world in real time.[79]

Future
In January 2019, after principal photography on Wonder Woman 1984 was completed, director and co-writer Patty Jenkins announced that the plot for a third Wonder Woman film is currently mapped out. The filmmaker stated that the next installment could possibly take place in a more contemporary setting

Crisis on Infinite Earths

Crisis on Infinite Earths is an American comic book published by DC Comics. The series, written by Marv Wolfman and pencilled by George Pérez, was first serialized as a 12-issue limited series from April 1985 to March 1986. As the main piece of a crossover event, some plot elements were featured in tie-in issues of other publications. Since its initial publication, the series has been reprinted in various formats and editions.

The idea for the series stemmed from Wolfman's desire to abandon the DC Multiverse depicted in the company's comics—which he thought was unfriendly to readers—and create a single, unified DC Universe (DCU). The foundation of Crisis on Infinite Earths developed through a character (the Monitor) introduced in Wolfman's The New Teen Titans in July 1982 before the series itself started. Pérez was not the intended artist for the series, but was excited when he learned of it and called illustrating it some of the most fun he ever had.

At the start of Crisis on Infinite Earths, the Anti-Monitor (the Monitor's evil counterpart) is unleashed on the DC Multiverse and begins to destroy the various Earths that it comprises. The Monitor tries to recruit heroes from around the Multiverse but is murdered, while Brainiac collaborates with the villains to conquer the remaining Earths. However, both the heroes and villains are eventually united by the Spectre; the series concludes with Kal-L, Superboy-Prime, and Alexander Luthor Jr. defeating the Anti-Monitor and the creation of a single Earth in place of the Multiverse. Crisis on Infinite Earths is noted for its high death count; hundreds of characters died, including DC icons Kara Zor-El (the original Supergirl) and Barry Allen (the Flash of the Silver Age). The story's events resulted in the entire DCU being rebooted.

The series was a bestseller for DC and has been reviewed positively by comic book critics, who praised its ambition and dramatic events. The story is credited with popularizing the idea of a large-scale crossover in comics. "Crisis on Infinite Earths" is the first installment in what became known as the Crisis trilogy; it was followed by Infinite Crisis (2005–2006) and Final Crisis (2008–2009). The story will serve as inspiration for "Crisis on Infinite Earths", an Arrowverse crossover event consisting of an episode of each series: Arrow, The Flash, Supergirl, Legends of Tomorrow, and Batwoman. The event will also include characters from the television series Black Lightning, Smallville, and Birds of Prey.
Background
DC Comics is an American comic book publisher best known for its superhero stories featuring characters including Batman, Superman, and Wonder Woman.[1] The company debuted in February 1935 with New Fun: The Big Comic Magazine.[2] Most of DC's comic books (as well as some published under its imprints Vertigo[3] and Young Animal[4]) take place within a shared universe called the DC Universe (DCU) allowing plot elements, characters, and settings to cross over with each other.[5] The concept of the DCU has provided DC's writers some challenges in maintaining continuity, due to conflicting events within different comics that need to reflect the shared nature of the universe.[2] "The Flash of Two Worlds" from The Flash #123 (September 1961), which featured Barry Allen (the Silver Age Flash) teaming up with Jay Garrick (the Golden Age Flash) was the first DC comic to suggest that the DCU was a part of a multiverse.[6][7]

The DC Multiverse concept was expanded in later years with the DCU having infinite Earths; for example, the Golden Age versions of DC heroes resided on Earth-Two, while DC's Silver Age heroes were from Earth-One.[8] Since "Crisis on Earth-One!" (1963), DC has used the word "Crisis" to describe important crossovers within the DC Multiverse.[9] Over the years, various writers took liberties creating additional parallel Earths as plot devices and to house characters DC had acquired from other companies, making the DC Multiverse a "convoluted mess".[8] DC's comic book sales were also far below those of their competitor Marvel Comics.[10] According to ComicsAlliance journalist Chris Sims, "the [DC] multiverse . . . felt old-fashioned. . . . Marvel, on the other hand, felt contemporary and when you stack them up against each other, there's one difference that sticks out above anything else: Marvel feels unified."[11]

During the Bronze Age of Comic Books, writer Marv Wolfman became popular among DC's readers for his work on Weird War Tales and The New Teen Titans.[8] George Pérez, who illustrated The New Teen Titans, also began to rise to prominence in this era.[12] In 1984, Pérez entered into an exclusive contract with DC, which was later extended one year.[13] Although The New Teen Titans was a major success for DC,[8] the company's comic book sales were still below Marvel's.[10] Wolfman began to attribute this to the DC Multiverse, feeling "The Flash of Two Worlds" had created a "nightmare":[2] it was not reader-friendly for new readers to be able to keep track of[14] and writers struggled with the continuity errors it caused.[2] In The New Teen Titans #21 (July 1982), Wolfman introduced a new character: the shadowy, potentially villainous Monitor; this laid the foundation for Crisis on Infinite Earths.[15]

Development
In 1981, Wolfman was editing Green Lantern. He got a letter from a fan asking why a character did not recognize Green Lantern in a recent issue despite the two having had worked together in an issue three years earlier.[16] Soon afterward,[17] Wolfman pitched Crisis on Infinite Earths as The History of the DC Universe,[16] seeing it as a way to simplify the DCU and attract new readers.[14] The History of the DC Universe's title was changed to Crisis of Infinite Earths because its premise, involving the destruction of entire worlds, sounded more like a crisis.[17]

Wolfman said when he pitched the series to DC, he realized it was going to be a completely new beginning for the DCU.[18] "I knew up front, and they did too, how big this was going to be," he said. "But, no-one knew how well it would sell, or whether it would sell at all. It was a risk DC was willing to take, because my thoughts were that DC needed a lot of help at that time, and they did too."[19] Wolfman also said he saw it as an attempt to improve DC's reputation for storytelling. Many readers at the time saw them as old-fashioned.[20]

The crossover was fleshed out and coordinated at a meeting attended by president Jenette Kahn, Paul Levitz, vice president and executive editor Dick Giordano and DC's editors.[21] In 1982, DC hired a researcher to go through their library and read every comic the company had published, a task that took two years.[16] The series was delayed to 1983 due to the time for research,[20] and again to 1985 when it was still not ready for 1983[20] and to coincide with DC's fiftieth anniversary.[8] As an event like Crisis on Infinite Earths had never happened before, those working on it met for around two hours a week; at the time, this was uncommon.[17]

The groundwork for the series was laid the year before it was published.[15] One of the greatest challenges for Wolfman and Giordano was coming up with a story. Wolfman cited making use of every DC character and creating a plot that was fun to read and filled with surprises as difficulties, as the series needed to sell well; if it did not, it could have caused a disaster for DC. Plotting became easier once a beginning and an ending had been determined and when Pérez became involved. Crisis on Infinite Earths was DC's first mainstream maxiseries, which was still a relatively new concept.[17]

Early in planning for Crisis on Infinite Earths, a list was made of characters that were part of the DCU;[21] characters from other universes, such as those that formerly belonged to Charlton Comics, also were used.[22] According to Wolfman, one of the purposes of Crisis on Infinite Earths was to showcase all the characters DC had.[19] The series is infamous for its high death count.[7] Hundreds of characters died; among the most noted was Barry Allen's. Wolfman has said he did not want to kill Allen, but DC ordered him to because it perceived the character as dull. Therefore, he conceived Allen's death—in which he runs through time before vanishing—as a way to make the character seem more interesting and hopefully spare him.[23] Wolfman wanted to make the series unforgettable; he said that many writers had expressed interest in simplifying DC's continuity and he wanted to be the one to do so.[2]

Pérez says he was not the intended artist for Crisis on Infinite Earths,[24] but was excited when he learned about it, seeing it as an opportunity for "revenge" against Marvel, which he blamed for blocking the JLA/Avengers crossover he had been working on.[a][20] He enjoyed working with Wolfman again, and took a leave of absence from The New Teen Titans to draw the series.[25] DC initially did not know Pérez would want to work on it. According to Pérez, he was motivated by the fact that DC did not know if the series was going to be a success. He also wanted "to draw everybody I could get my hands on" and called illustrating the series some of the most fun he ever had. Pérez was excited because not only did he get to draw the Teen Titans again, but also obscure characters he was not familiar with, saying he could possibly have never gotten another chance.[24] One panel in Crisis on Infinite Earths shows the Marvel Universe being destroyed with other earths.[26] When Giordano (the series' initial inker) had difficulty meeting deadlines while continuing as DC vice president and executive editor, editorial coordinator Pat Bastienne reassigned the inking to Jerry Ordway despite Giordano's objections.[21]

Publication
The idea for Crisis on Infinite Earths was first noted in the December 1981 issue of The Comics Journal, which mentioned a twelve-part maxiseries scheduled for 1982.[16] The series was announced in Giordano's "Meanwhile..." column DC ran in its titles in June 1984. Giordano warned readers that "odd occurrences" would begin to happen throughout DC's comics. He also clarified it would commemorate DC's fiftieth anniversary and would provide the company "wonderful stepping-stones" for new characters and comics.[2] The series was marketed with the tagline "Worlds will live, worlds will die and nothing will ever be the same".[22][27]

The series began in January 1985 and lasted for twelve issues, ending in December 1985 (issues cover dated April 1985 through March 1986). [8] The close spacing of Crisis on Infinite Earths and Marvel's similar crossover Secret Wars caused some fans to create conspiracy theories about idea theft.[26] According to writer Steve Gerber, the series "got virtually no promotion ... How many handouts did you see? How many posters did you see in people's windows? How much information was really distributed to the press and how much was gotten just by individual reporters going to Marv Wolfman and [Crisis artist] George Pérez?"[28]

Tie-ins
Elements to set up Crisis on Infinite Earths were put in DC's comics years before the crossover took place;[29] an example of this was the Monitor's appearance in The New Teen Titans.[15] In a January 3, 1983 memo, Giordano, Wolfman, and Len Wein instructed editors and writers to use the Monitor twice in the coming year but not to show him: "Because this series involves the entire DC Universe we do ask that each Editor and writer cooperate with the project by using a character called The Monitor in their books twice during the next year". This served to set up the series.[2][15] When Wolfman and Giordano reiterated this in a 1984 meeting, some editors were not pleased; one was so miffed he did not speak for the rest of the meeting.[17]

Tie-ins for Crisis on Infinite Earths were published in DC's ongoing series. Unlike the 1991 Marvel crossover storyline The Infinity Gauntlet, where Marvel only published tie-ins in titles that needed a boost in sales, the vast majority of DC's comics featured events that directly tied to the crossover.[30] The following comic book issues were labeled as part of the crossover; their covers contained a banner that read "Special Crisis Cross-Over", along with the logo for DC's fiftieth anniversary.

All-Star Squadron #50–56
Amethyst (vol. 2) #13
DC Comics Presents #86–88
Blue Devil (DC Comics) #17-18
The Fury of Firestorm #41–42
Green Lantern (vol. 2) #194–195; #198
Infinity, Inc. #18–24; Annual #1
Justice League of America #244–245; Annual #3
JLA: Incarnations #5 (released in 2001)
Legion of Super-Heroes #18
The Losers Special #1
The New Teen Titans (vol. 2) #13–14
The Omega Men #31
Superman #414–415
Swamp Thing #46
Wonder Woman #327–329
Legends of the DC Universe : Crisis on Infinite Earths #1
Collected editions
Crisis on Infinite Earths #1–12 (April 1985 – March 1986) was published in hardcover (December 1998; ISBN 1-56389-434-3) and trade paperback (January 2001; ISBN 1-56389-750-4) editions, with cover art by George Pérez and Alex Ross.
Crisis on Infinite Earths: The Absolute Edition (November 2005; ISBN 1-4012-0712-X) is a slipcased, hardcover edition. The first volume reprints the limited series, and the second volume includes scripts, commentaries, retrospectives, Official Crisis on Infinite Earths Index, and Official Crisis on Infinite Earths Cross-Over Index.
Crisis on Infinite Earths Deluxe Edition (October 2015, ISBN 1401258417). Includes the series and the two-issue series History of the DC Universe, alongside other bonus material.
Crisis on Infinite Earths Companion Deluxe Edition Vol. 1 (November 2018, ISBN 1401274595). Compiles the tie-in stories released alongside the series.
Crisis on Infinite Earths Companion Deluxe Edition Vol. 2 (May 14, 2019, ISBN 1401289215). Compiles the tie-in stories released alongside the series.
Crisis on Infinite Earths Companion Deluxe Edition Vol. 3 (October 2019, ISBN 1401294480). Compiles the tie-in stories released alongside the series.
Synopsis
The conflicting stories of the DCU are explained as a Multiverse, containing many parallel universes and alternate versions of the characters, with the primary DC continuity referred to as Earth-One. A cosmic being from the beginning of time known as the Monitor catalogues these realities, but he has an evil counterpart, the Anti-Monitor, who comes from an antimatter universe. After an accident with antimatter on one universe, the Anti-Monitor begins destroying many of the realities with a wave of antimatter, planning on becoming sole ruler of all realities.

To combat this, the Monitor recruits heroes from across time and space to set up five towers, to help merge the multiverse back into one to make it stronger. However, he is murdered by his protégée, Harbinger, who is possessed by one of the Anti-Monitor's demons. His death releases enough energy to project the last five parallel Earths into a protective limbo. The Anti-Monitor recruits Psycho-Pirate to his cause, infusing him with part of his power to manipulate the heroes of Earth-4, Earth-S and Earth-X against the rest; this fails when all five Earths enter the limbo universe. Harbinger then recruits heroes from the remaining Earths to lead an assault on the Anti-Monitor in the antimatter universe, using Alexander Luthor Jr.'s powers to open a portal between the limbo and antimatter universes. Pariah tracks down the Anti-Monitor at his fortress, and the heroes destroy a converter, powered by stellar energy, to destroy the last five Earths; the injured Anti-Monitor retreats and Supergirl dies.

During a lull in the war, the villains unite under Brainiac, who kills Earth-Two's Alexei Luthor while recruiting the Earth-One Lex Luthor to conquer the remaining Earths. The Anti-Monitor meanwhile creates a new body for himself, and tries to use an antimatter cannon to penetrate the limbo universe and destroy the five partially merged Earths. The Flash (Barry Allen) dies stopping this attempt. A furious Anti-Monitor absorbs the energy of millions of worlds and vows to travel back through time to prevent the creation of the multiverse. The Spectre unites the heroes and villains by warning them about the Anti-Monitor's plan; the heroes travel back in time to stop the Anti-Monitor, while the villains travel back in time to the ancient planet Oa to prevent renegade scientist Krona from creating the technology necessary for the Anti-Monitor's plan to succeed. The villains fail, and Krona continues his experiment. The Anti-Monitor waits for Alex Luthor to reopen the portal between the positive and antimatter universes, capturing the heroes, but a magically empowered Spectre creates an energy overload which shatters space and time. The five Earths merge into a single shared universe, and the superheroes return to the present; only those present at the dawn of time remember the original realities.

A cosmically empowered Anti-Monitor attacks again, transporting the new Earth to the antimatter universe and summoning a horde of shadow demons. He falls in a carefully planned counterattack, culminating in a battle with Kal-L (the Earth-Two Superman) Alexander Luthor of Earth-Three and Superboy of Earth-Prime, with help from New Gods adversary Darkseid. In this final battle the Anti-Monitor, reduced to a flaming head, crashes into a star and is killed by the Earth-Two Superman. As they are the only four who remember the original past, Alex sends Earth-Two Superman, Earth-Two Lois Lane, Earth-Prime Superboy and himself to a pocket "paradise" dimension, leaving the heroes of the remaining Earth to sort out the aftermath of this crisis.

Reception
Despite relatively limited marketing[28] and DC being unsure if the series would be successful, Crisis on Infinite Earths was a bestseller.[2]

IGN's Hilary Goldstein summarized the series as "a crucial turning point for DC Comics" and credited it with saving the company. Goldstein called Wolfman's idea to simplify the DCU bold and unprecedented, noting the story's exceptional size and saying the story was "unbelievable", if somewhat aged. He also praised Pérez's detailed artwork, saying no other artist could have possibly illustrated it as well as he did and gave the book a "must have" rating.[29] Fellow IGN writer Jesse Schedeen named Crisis on Infinite Earths one of the best DC crossovers, agreeing it was unprecedented and dramatic.[31]

Marc Buxton of Comic Book Resources named "Crisis on Infinite Earths" the greatest comic book crossover ever, saying that no crossover has been bigger or as ambitious: "where some events seem hesitant to actually leave a mark on their respective universes, Crisis did it with aplomb". He praised the series for exploring the entire DCU and felt it was a fitting event for DC's fiftieth anniversary.[32] Nerdist News noted that many of the series' central events—such as the deaths of Supergirl and Barry Allen—have become iconic moments in DC's history.[33]

Not all reviewers have been as positive. Chris Sims wrote the series was messy and built awkwardly, describing it as "a textbook definition of style over substance". Sims said it was far from the best work of Wolfman and Pérez; however, he still thought it was groundbreaking, saying, "It's the first time in comics history that EVERYTHING was in danger".[11]

Merchandise
A novelization of Crisis on Infinite Earths was written by Wolfman and published by iBooks in 2005, with cover art by Pérez and Alex Ross. The book follows the events of the original series; most of the story is presented from Barry Allen's point of view, while parts where he is not present are told from a third-person perspective. It also added some details, including internal monologue and updates to make the story more modern, such as characters having cell phones.[34] In 2008, WizKids issued a toy pack centered around the Anti-Monitor as a part of its DC HeroClix toy line. The pack came with a large Anti-Monitor figure with LED-lit eyes, several smaller figures, and a map. An exclusive variant, based on the Sinestro Corps, was available at the San Diego Comic-Con and Gen Con Indy conventions that year.[35]

Legacy
Though it was not the first large-scale comic book crossover,[b] Crisis on Infinite Earths is generally credited with popularizing the idea.[8][36] Comics historian Matthew K. Manning wrote that Crisis on Infinite Earths paved way for all future crossovers of similar scale,[8] and Andrew J. Friedenthal said "Crisis showed the two major superhero comic book publishers (DC Comics and Marvel Comics) how they could utilize the continuity established by decades' worth of stories to weave together a cohesive, metatextual tapestry that both appealed to long-time readers and brought in massive amounts of money".[2] The series' success inspired DC to begin a tradition of "summer crossovers"; some of these include Invasion! (1988–1989), Armageddon 2001 (1991), Zero Hour: Crisis in Time! (1994), and Identity Crisis (2004), and some mention the events of Crisis on Infinite Earths.[8][37] The second part of one of DC's later crossovers, Convergence (2015), heavily references the series and sees DC's superheroes travel back to its era. The writers of Convergence all had fun writing stories set during Crisis on Infinite Earths, calling the series an exciting time for DC.[38] [39]

The series had an immediate effect on DC, dividing the company's history into two eras: "Pre-Crisis" and "Post-Crisis".[24] Wolfman and Pérez teamed again to produce the History of the DC Universe limited series to summarize the DCU's new history.[8] Many of DC's characters had their histories rebooted. Wonder Woman's comic was relaunched entirely by Pérez, Wein, and Greg Potter.[40] Superman was first re-envisioned in the limited series The Man of Steel by John Byrne; his comic was retitled The Adventures of Superman to make way for a new Superman series.[8] Batman was minimally affected by the reboot, and his comic was not relaunched. However, he was still given an updated origin, courtesy of Frank Miller.[10] In addition, Wally West replaced Barry Allen as the Flash, the Justice League's roster was changed, and characters DC acquired from other companies, such as Fawcett Publications and Charlton Comics, were integrated into the DCU.[22][41] The practice of re-envisioning characters in the new DCU lasted well into 1989, with properties such as Green Lantern, Hawkman, Black Orchid, and the Suicide Squad all being rebooted.[8][37] The revamp raised sales 22% in the first year, and DC beat Marvel in direct market sales for the first time in August and September 1987.[42] The Man of Steel #1 was the bestselling comic book issue of 1986.[43]

Crisis on Infinite Earths has been referenced several times in the various television series that comprise the Arrowverse, starting with the first episode of The Flash which aired in October 2014. It features a newspaper from 2024 that reads "Flash Missing, Vanishes in Crisis". Grant Gustin, who plays the Flash on the show, has said he thinks the goal of the series is to reach "Crisis on Infinite Earths": "Obviously we'd have to go, I think 10 years to reach that, so there's a possibility for sure. It'll be fun to get there." The concept of a multiverse has been explored several times throughout the history of the franchise.[36] Talking in 2014, Geoff Johns, when discussing the difference between the DC Extended Universe and the Marvel Cinematic Universe, said "We look at it as the multiverse. We have our TV universe and our film universe, but they all co-exist. For us, creatively, it's about allowing everyone to make the best possible product, to tell the best story, to do the best world. Everyone has a vision and you really want to let the visions shine through ... It's just a different approach."[44] The storyline will inspire the 2019 Arrowverse crossover, also titled "Crisis on Infinite Earths",[45] with the original date seen in the pilot episode of The Flash having been moved up by five years as a side effect of time travel.[46]

Sequels
Main articles: Infinite Crisis and Final Crisis
Crisis on Infinite Earths is the first installment in what became known as the Crisis trilogy.[8] The second part of the trilogy, the seven-part Infinite Crisis, was written by Geoff Johns and illustrated by Phil Jimenez, Pérez, Ivan Reis, and Jerry Ordway. It was published from October 2005 to June 2006, with a number of tie-in issues.[47] In the series, Kal-L, Alexander Luthor, and Superboy-Prime escape from the pocket dimension they were left in at the end of the original series; Luthor, having gone insane, attempts to recreate the multiverse using the Anti-Monitor's corpse. Whereas Crisis on Infinite Earths discarded the DC Multiverse, Infinite Crisis restored it.[8]

The conclusion to the trilogy, Final Crisis,[8] began in May 2008 and ended in January 2009.[48] The series was written by Grant Morrison,[49] with art by J. G. Jones, Carlos Pacheco, Marco Rudy, and Doug Mahnke.[50] In Final Crisis, Darkseid arrives on Earth and begins a conquest to overthrow reality, as part of a plan by Libra to conquer the Multiverse. The Justice League and Green Lantern Corps join forces in a desperate attempt to stop the upcoming onslaught

ملكة جمال الكون 2019

ملكة جمال الكون 2019، هي مسابقة ملكة جمال الكون الثامنة والستين في تاريخ مسابقة ملكة جمال الكون منذ انطلاقتها عام 1952، التي ستُعقد في 8 ديسمبر 2019 في تايلر بيري ستوديوز في أتلانتا ، جورجيا في الولايات المتحدة. هذه هي المرة السادسة والثلاثين التي تستضيف فيها الولايات المتحدة مسابقة ملكة جمال الكون منذ بدايتها في عام 1952. في نهاية الحدث توجت زوزيبيني تونزي من جنوب إفريقيا من قبل ملكة جمال الكون السابقة كاتريونا جراي من الفلبين . استضاف المسابقة ستيف هارفي في عامه الخامس على التوالي من ملكة جمال الكون. ستكون هذه المسابقة السنة الأولى التي سيتم فيها استخدام تاج جديد من صنع مجوهرات معوض الفاخرة ، وسيتقاعد بشكل فعال تاج ميكيموتو
الخلفية
الموقع
في ديسمبر 2018 ، صرح السياسي ورجل الأعمال الفلبيني شافيت سينغسون ، الذي مول ملكة جمال الكون 2016 ، أن نسخة 2019 من المسابقة ستُعقد في سيول ، كوريا الجنوبية ، التي استضافت سابقًا مسابقة مهرجان 1980. وأضاف أنه سيساعد في الإعداد لعقد المسابقة في كوريا الجنوبية ، على الرغم من عدم الانتهاء من التفاصيل ؛ لم تؤكد منظمة ملكة جمال الكون هذا مطلقًا. في وقت لاحق ، في أبريل 2019 ، أفيد أن كل من الفلبين وريو دي جانيرو ، البرازيل أصبحت مهتمة باستضافة المسابقة أيضًا. ازداد الاهتمام بالفلبين بعد فوزها بالفلبينية كاتريونا غراي في مسابقة ملكة جمال الكون 2018 ، التي تتطلع إلى الحصول على لقبها خلفا لها في بلدها الأصلي ، مثلما فعلت بيا فورتزباخ في مسابقة ملكة جمال الكون 2016. وفي الوقت نفسه ، سيتم إعلان ريو دي جانيرو عاصمة عالمية الهندسة المعمارية لليونسكو لعام 2020 ، ويقال إنها تتطلع لاستضافة المزيد من الأحداث الدولية في المدينة تحسبا لهذا اللقب.

في مايو 2019 ، صرحت ريشيل سينغسون مايكل ، ابنة شافيت سينغسون ، وكانت واحدة من القضاة في مسابقة ملكة جمال الكون 2018 ، أن الفلبين كانت واحدة من العديد من البلدان التي كانت تسعى لاستضافة مسابقة 2019 ، وأن أعمال عائلتها LCS كانت المجموعة ملتزمة بالاستضافة في الفلبين أو كوريا الجنوبية. لم تصدر منظمة منظمة ملكة جمال الكون أية بيانات تتعلق بالمكان الذي ستستضيف فيه المسابقة اعتبارًا من 9 يوليو 2019.

اختيار المشاركين
اعتبارًا من 14 يوليو 2019 ، تم اختيار وفود من 34 دولة وإقليم للتنافس في المسابقة ؛ من بين هؤلاء المندوبين ، تم تعيين هوانغ توي من فيتنام على اللقب بعد اختيار داخلي من قبل المدير الوطني في البلاد دونج ترونج تيين لين. حصل ثوي على المركز الثاني في مسابقة ملكة جمال الكون في فيتنام 2017. تم اختيار باقي المندوبين بعد الفوز بمسابقاتهم الوطنية. ستشهد نسخة 2019 عائدات جزر كوك والأتراك وكايكوس وسيراليون والعراق وتنزانيا ؛ جزر كوك لم تتنافس منذ عام 1999 ، جزر تركس وكايكوس منذ عام 2014 ، سيراليون منذ عام 2016 ، في حين أن الجزر الأخرى لم تتنافس منذ عام 2017. سوف تنسحب غانا من المنافسة بعد تعليق منظمة ملكة جمال الكون غانا مؤقتًا ؛ سوف يستأنفون العمليات في عام 2020

المنافسة
آلية المسابقة
كما تم تقديم مسابقة عام 2018 ، سيتم اختيار عشرين متسابقة من المجموعة الأولى التي تضم 90 مندوبة من خلال مقابلة مغلقة ومنافسة أولية تضمنت متسابقين يتنافسون في ملابس السباحة وثوب مسائي. بعد غياب لمدة عامين ، سيعود التصويت عبر الإنترنت ، مع قدرة الجمهور على التصويت لمرشح من بين العشرين الأوائل من خلال التصويت عبر الإنترنت.

لجنة الإختيار
غابي إسبينو - ممثلة فنزويلية.
سوزان هندريكس - سيدة أعمال أمريكية وشخصية في وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي.
ريو موري - ملكة جمال الكون 2007 من اليابان.
كارا موند - ملكة جمال أمريكا 2018 .
بوزوما سانت جون - سيدة أعمال وتسويقية أمريكية .
كريستل ستيوارت - الممثلة الأمريكية وملكة جمال الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية 2008 .
بولينا فيغا - ملكة جمال الكون 2014 من كولومبيا.

Miss Universe 2019

Miss Universe 2019, the 68th edition of the Miss Universe competition, was held on December 8, 2019 at Tyler Perry Studios in Atlanta, Georgia, the United States. Catriona Gray of the Philippines crowned her successor Zozibini Tunzi of South Africa by the end of the event. This is South Africa's third win after their recent victory in 2017.

The pageant was hosted by Steve Harvey in his fifth consecutive year, with Olivia Culpo and Vanessa Lachey as backstage corespondents, and with a performance by Ally Brooke.[1][2][3][4] The new Mouawad Power of Unity crown made its debut
Location
In December 2018, Filipino politician and businessman Chavit Singson, of the LCS Group of Companies[7][8] which financed Miss Universe 2016,[8][7] stated that the 2019 edition of the pageant would be held in Seoul, South Korea, which previously hosted Miss Universe 1980. He added that he would assist in preparations for holding the competition in South Korea, although the details were not finalized; the Miss Universe Organization had never confirmed this.[9] Later, in April 2019, it was reported that both the Philippines and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil had become interested in hosting the competition as well. Interest in the Philippines grew following the win of Filipina Catriona Gray in Miss Universe 2018, looking to have her crown her successor in her home country, much like Pia Wurtzbach did at Miss Universe 2016. Meanwhile, Rio de Janeiro will be declared the World Capital of Architecture by UNESCO for 2020, and is reportedly looking to host more international events in the city in anticipation of this title.[10] In August 2019, it emerged that Israel was also interested in hosting the competition. With a plan created by producers Danny Benaim and Assaf Blecher, talks regarding hosting the competition in Israel emerged after Tel Aviv successfully hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2019. They stated that Israel was also interested in hosting the competition in 2020.[11] Hosting the competition in Israel would cause difficulties regarding the numerous participants from countries that do not recognize Israel; these entrants would require special permission to enter the country.[12]

In May 2019, Richelle Singson-Michael, the daughter of Chavit Singson, stated that the Philippines was one of several countries bidding to host the 2019 competition, and that her family's business LCS Group was committed to hosting either in the Philippines or in South Korea.[13][non-primary source needed]

On October 31, 2019, the Miss Universe Organization confirmed that the competition will be held on December 8, 2019 in Atlanta, Georgia at Tyler Perry Studios.[14]

Selection of participants
Delegates from 90 countries and territories have been selected to compete in the pageant; six of these delegates were appointed to their national titles. Angeline Flor Pua, who had been crowned Miss Belgium 2018, was appointed to represent Belgium after Elena Castro Suarez, the winner of Miss Belgium 2019, chose to compete at Miss World 2019.[15] Maëva Coucke, who had been crowned Miss France 2018, was appointed to the title by the Miss France organization after Vaimalama Chaves, the winner of Miss France 2019, opted not to compete in an international pageant.[16] Vartika Singh of India was appointed to the title by the Miss Diva organization. Singh had previously represented India at Miss Grand International 2015.[17] Olga Buława was appointed to represent Poland by the Miss Polski organization after the Miss Polonia organization relinquished the franchise. Buława had been crowned Miss Polski 2018.[18] Fiona Tenuta of Uruguay was appointed by Osmel Sousa, the national director of Miss Universe Uruguay, through a casting process, after they could not find enough sponsors to hold an actual competition.[19] Hoàng Thùy of Vietnam was appointed to the title following an internal selection by Dương Trương Thiên Lý, the country's national director. Thùy had placed as the first runner-up at the Miss Universe Vietnam 2017 pageant.[20] The remainder of the delegates were selected after winning their respective national pageants, or receiving a designated supplementary title at a national pageant.

The 2019 edition will see the debuts of Bangladesh[21] and Equatorial Guinea,[22] and the returns of Lithuania, Romania, Sierra Leone and Tanzania; Lithuania has not competed since 2014, Sierra Leone since 2016, and the others since 2017. Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Russia, Sri Lanka, Switzerland and Zambia have withdrawn from the competition. Prior to the competition, the Miss Universe Ghana organization was temporarily suspended; they will resume operations in 2020.[23] Greece withdrew after their selected delegate Erika Kolani was unable to compete for undisclosed reasons.[24] Kyrgyzstan withdrew from the competition after their selected delegate Elmara Buranbaeva, chose not to compete in any international pageant.[citation needed] Lebanon withdrew after the Miss Lebanon 2019 competition was continuously postponed and ultimately canceled due to the 2019 Lebanese protests.[25] Alina Sanko, who was crowned Miss Russia 2019, was originally going to be sent to both Miss Universe and Miss World 2019, but was unable to do so due to overlapping dates. The Miss Russia organization was unable to finalize replacement plans for Miss Universe due to the length of time it took for the Miss Universe Organization to publish details about its date and venue, which would have made it difficult for the Russian entrant to receive an American visa.[26] Zambia withdrew from the competition after Didia Mukwala who was crowned Miss Universe Zambia 2019 and the Miss Universe Zambia organization failed to book Mukwala's trip to Atlanta due to the Miss Universe Zambia organization's financial situation.[27] While Guatemala, Hungary, Sri Lanka and Switzerland withdrew after their respective organizations failed to hold a national competition or appoint a delegate.[citation needed]

Pageant
Format
As was introduced in the 2018 competition, twenty semifinalists will be chosen from the initial pool of 90 delegates through a closed-door interview and a preliminary competition, which featured contestants competing in swimsuit and evening gown. After a two-year absence, Internet voting will return, with the public being able to vote a candidate into the top twenty through online voting.[28]

Selection committee
Gaby Espino – Venezuelan actress[29]
Sazan Hendrix – American businesswoman and social media personality[30]
Riyo Mori[a] – Miss Universe 2007 from Japan[32]
Cara Mund – Miss America 2018[33]
Bozoma Saint John – American businesswoman and marketing executive[34]
Crystle Stewart[a] – American actress and Miss USA 2008[35]
Paulina Vega – Miss Universe 2014 from Colombia

وزارة الشؤون البلدية

وزير البلديات هو الوزير المختص بإدارة جميع فروع البلديات في شتى المدن. البلد الذي يتولى فيه هذه الوزارة والبلدية أو تسمى في بعض الدول وزارة الشؤون البلدية. وتهتم بجميع الشؤون البلدية مثل متابعة التراخيص البلدية والصحية للمنشئات التجارية والسكنية وتهتم بتزيين وتشجير الشوارع وترصيف الشوارع ومراقبة جميع الأمور التي تتعلق بها مثل متابعة واستقبال الشكاوى من المستهلكين ضد المطاعم التي ترتكب انتاهاكات في إعداد أطعمتها مما يؤدي إلى تسمم أو تلوث.

القمة الخليجية

القمة الخليجية الاستثنائية الرابعة، هي قمة قادة دول مجلس التعاون لدول الخليج العربية، عقدت في 30 مايو 2019 في مكة المكرمة، بالمملكة العربية السعودية، برئاسة الملك سلمان بن عبد العزيز، وبحثت التدخلات الإيرانية في المنطقة، بعد الهجوم على سفن تجارية قرب المياه الإقليمية لدولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة، وهجوم الحوثييين على محطتي ضخ نفطيتين بالسعودية.

المشاركون
الشيخ صباح الأحمد الجابر الصباح. أمير دولة الكويت.

الملك حمد بن عيسى آل خليفة. ملك مملكة البحرين.

الشيخ محمد بن زايد آل نهيان. ولي عهد أبوظبي، نائب القائد الأعلى للقوات المسلحة بالإمارات العربية المتحدة.

السيد شهاب بن طارق آل سعيد. مستشار سلطان عُمان.

الشيخ عبد الله بن ناصر بن خليفة آل ثاني. رئيس مجلس الوزراء ووزير الداخلية بدولة قطر.

الدكتور عبداللطيف بن راشد الزياني. الأمين العام لمجلس التعاون لدول الخليج العربية.

أبرز النتائج
1 – إدانة الهجمات الحوثية الإرهابية باستخدام طائرات مسيرة مفخخة استهدفت محطتي ضخ نفط في محافظتي الدوادمي وعفيف بمنطقة الرياض بالمملكة العربية السعودية.

2 – إدانة إطلاق الصواريخ الباليستية من قبل الميليشيات الحوثية والتي بلغ عددها أكثر من 225 صاروخاً باتجاه السعودية، ومنها ما استهدف مكة المكرمة، وأكثر من 155 طائرة مسيرة بدون طيار.

3 – إدانة تعرض أربع سفن تجارية مدنية لعمليات تخريبية في المياه الإقليمية للإمارات العربية المتحدة، والتي طالت ناقلة نفط إماراتية وناقلتي نفط سعوديتين وأخرى نرويجية.

4 – التأكيد على قوة وتماسك ومنعة مجلس التعاون، ووحدة الصف بين أعضائه، لمواجهة هذه التهديدات.

5 – استعراض السياسة الدفاعية لمجلس التعاون لدول الخليج العربية القائمة على مبدأ الأمن الجماعي المتكامل والمتكافل لغرض الدفاع عن كيان ومقومات ومصالح دوله وأراضيها وأجوائها ومياهها الإقليمية

عبدالله الحمدان

عبد الله الحمدان، لاعب كرة قدم سعودي وهو ابن لاعب الشباب السابق عبد الرحمن الحمدان، يلعب في نادي الشباب، درس في مدارس الرياض و دخل أكاديمة نادي الشباب من سن مبكر ليكبر بموهبته ويصبح واحد من أفضل المواهب السعودية الصاعدة  .

إحترافه في إسبانيا
أعلنت هيئة الرياضة السعودية عن رحيل 9 لاعبين للتواجد في اسبانيا والانضمام لأندية مختلفة في الدوري الاسباني ودوري الدرجة الأولى من أجل اعدادهم لكأس العالم 2018 في روسيا.

وتتواجد المملكة العربية السعودية في المجموعة الأولى مع منتخبات روسيا ومصر وأوروجواي بالمونديال الروسي 2018.

وشهدت المملكة حضور 25 عضوا من أعضاء رابطة "لا ليجا" الإسبانية مراسم توقيع إعارة اللاعبين السعوديين، وذلك في خطوة احترافية فريدة من نوعها.

وسبق وتم الإعلان عن شراكة لتطوير الكرة السعودية بمشاركة الهيئة العامة للرياضة والاتحاد السعودي لكرة القدم ورابطة لا ليجا الإسبانية.

ومن المقرر أن يتواجد 9 لاعبين من الدوري السعودي في اعارة لنهاية الموسم مع انديتهم قبل التواجد في معسكرات المنتخب السعودي استعدادا للمونديال.

وانتقل فهد المولد لاعب الاتحاد السعودي لصفوف ليفانتي، وسالم الدوسري لصفوف فياريال، ويحيى الشهري لصفوف ليجانيس وعبد المجيد الصليهم لصفوف رايو فايكانو، ونوح الموسى لصفوف بلد الوليد.

وانضم جابر عيسى لصفوف فياريال "ب"، ومروان عثمان بليجانيس "ب"، وعبد الله الحمدان في سبورتينج خيخون، وأخيراً علي النمر لنومانسيا.