Hartal Kerala

Hartal (pronounced [ɦəɽ.t̪ɑːl]), is a term in many Indian languages for a strike action and was used first during the Indian Independence Movement (also known as the nationalist movement). A hartal is a mass protest, often involving a total shutdown of workplaces, offices, shops, and courts of law, and a form of civil disobedience similar to a labour strike. In addition to being a general strike, it involves the voluntary closing of schools and places of business. It is a mode of appealing to the sympathies of a government to reverse an unpopular or unacceptable decision.[1] A hartal is often used for political reasons, for example by an opposition political party protesting against a governmental policy or action.

The term comes from Gujarati (હડતાળ haḍtāḷ or હડતાલ haḍtāl), signifying the closing down of shops and warehouses with the goal of satisfying a demand. Mahatma Gandhi, who hailed from Gujarat, used the term to refer to his anti-British general strikes, effectively institutionalizing the term. The contemporary origins of this form of public protest date back to the British colonial rule in India. Repressive actions by the colonial British Government and the princely states, which infringed on human rights and on peaceful movement protests to demand an end to British rule in India, often triggered such localized public protests, as in Benares and Bardoli.[2]

Hartals are still common in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and in parts of Sri Lanka where the term is often used to refer specifically to the 1953 Hartal of Ceylon. In Malaysia the word is used to refer to various general strikes in the 1940s, the 1950s, and the 1960s such as the All-Malaya Hartal of 1947 and the Penang Hartal of 1967.

Another variant which is common in Hindi-speaking regions is bhukh hartal or hunger strike.

The word is also used in a humorous sense to mean abstaining from work.

Article 14

Reasonable Classification and Non-Arbitrariness
Article 14 guarantees equality to all persons[a], including citizens, corporations, and foreigners.[3][4][5] Its provisions have come up for discussion in the Supreme Court in a number of cases and the case of Ram Krishna Dalmia vs Justice S R Tendolkar reiterated its meaning and scope as follows. Article 14 permits classification, so long as it is 'reasonable', but forbids class legislation. A classification of groups of people is considered reasonable when:[6]

The classification is based upon intelligible differentia that distinguishes persons or things that are grouped from others that are left out of the group, and,
The differential has a rational relation with the objective of the act.
In addition, the classification must be non-arbitrary.[7][8] The Supreme Court in E. P. Royappa (1973) provided guidance on arbitrariness of an act:

"Equality is a dynamic concept with many aspects and dimensions and it cannot be ‘cribbed, cabined and confined’ within the traditional and doctrinaire limits. From the positivistic point of view, equality is antithetic to arbitrariness. In fact, equality and arbitrariness are sworn enemies… Where an act is arbitrary, it is implicit that it is unequal both according to political logic and constitutional law and is therefore violative of Article 14."

Manoj Mukund Naravane

Lieutenant General Manoj Mukund Naravane, PVSM, AVSM, SM, VSM, ADC is the Chief of the Army Staff (COAS) designate, he will succeed General Bipin Rawat, currently he is the 40th Vice Chief of Army Staff (VCOAS) of the Indian Army.[1] He assumed office on 1 September 2019 following the retirement of Lt Gen Devraj Anbu.[2]

Prior to his appointment as VCOAS, he was the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief (GOC-in-C) Eastern Command and before that General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Army Training Command
Early Life and education
Naravane hails from a Marathi family.[5] He completed his school education in Jnana Prabodhini Prashala, Pune. Naravane is an alumnus of National Defence Academy, Pune and Indian Military Academy, Dehradun. He also holds a master's degree in Defence Studies from University of Madras, Chennai and an M.Phil. in Defence and Management Studies from Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore.[6][7]

Career
Naravane was commissioned into 7th Sikh Light Infantry in June 1980. He has vast experience and has served in Counter-Insurgency Operations in Kashmir and Northeast India. He has commanded a Rashtriya Rifles battalion in Jammu and Kashmir; an Infantry brigade; Assam Rifles in Northeast India as Inspector General (North); Kharga Strike Corps the Ambala based Strike Corps; General Officer Commanding (GOC), Delhi Area; and 20th General Officer Commander-in-Chief (GOC-in-C), Army Training Command (1 December 2017 - 30 September 2018). In addition, he was an instructor at the Army War College, Mhow and served as the Indian Defence Attache to Myanmar.[7][6][8] He was also the commander of the 2017 Republic Day Parade.[9][10]

Naravane served as General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Army Training Command from 1 December 2017 to 30 September 2018. Later, he also served as General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Eastern Command from 1 October 2018 to 31 August 2019, succeeding Lt Gen Abhay Krishna.[11][12][7][6]

On 1st September 2019, he was appointed Vice Chief of the Army Staff (VCoAS) when Lt Gen Devraj Anbu retired on 31 August, and became the senior-most serving general after General Bipin Rawat.[13] On 16th December 2019 (Vijay Diwas eve) he was announced as the successor of General Rawat, who will relinquish COAS office on 31st December 2019.[14]

General Naravane is the 3rd officer from Sikh Light Infantry to become Chief of the Army Staff of the Indian Army, the other officers from this regiment were the 19th COAS General Ved Prakash Malik and the 25th COAS General Bikram Singh.

Personal life
Naravane is a Marathi, he hails from Pune, Maharashtra, he likes painting, yoga and gardening. He is married to Veena Naravane who is a teacher and has 25 years of experience. She is the Vice President, Army Wives Welfare Association . They have two daughters

Nicky Morgan

Nicola Ann Morgan (née Griffith; born 1 October 1972) is a British politician serving as Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport since July 2019. A member of the Conservative Party, she was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Loughborough from the 2010 United Kingdom general election until 2019. Morgan served as Secretary of State for Education and Minister for Women and Equalities from 2014 until 2016; the then-new Prime Minister Theresa May removed her from these positions.[1][2]

She previously served as Economic Secretary to the Treasury from October 2013 to April 2014 and as Financial Secretary to the Treasury from April to July 2014. In July 2017, Morgan was elected Chair of the Treasury Select Committee following the 2017 general election,[3] and served until her appointment as Culture Secretary in July 2019.

In October 2019, Morgan announced that she would stand down as an MP at the 2019 general election.[4] In December 2019, it was announced she would be created a life peer and would continue in her role as Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport, despite having previously said she would refuse to serve in a Boris Johnson cabinet
Early life
Morgan was born in Kingston upon Thames, Surrey on 1 October 1972.[6] She grew up in Surbiton and was privately educated at Surbiton High School before reading jurisprudence at St Hugh's College, Oxford.[6] She twice stood unsuccessfully for president of the Oxford University Conservative Association, on the second occasion being defeated by Daniel Hannan, later a prominent Conservative Member of the European Parliament. She was also involved in the Oxford Union society. She was elected treasurer, but failed in her bid for its presidency.

She qualified as a solicitor in 1994 and worked as a corporate lawyer at Travers Smith specialising in mergers and acquisitions before taking on an in-house counsel role advising on corporate law matters.[7]

Political career
Morgan joined the Conservative Party as a teenager in 1989 and was the chairman of Wessex Young Conservatives from 1995 to 1997 and vice-chairman of Battersea Conservatives from 1997 to 1999.[8]

She unsuccessfully contested the Islington South and Finsbury constituency in the 2001 general election. Morgan was selected as the Conservative Party candidate for the Loughborough parliamentary seat in 2004 but was defeated by the Labour incumbent in the 2005 general election, although she achieved a 5% Labour to Conservative swing compared to a national average of 3.1%. This made Loughborough the most marginal seat in the East Midlands. Morgan was reselected for the Loughborough seat in 2006.

Member of Parliament
In the 2010 general election, Morgan was elected as the MP for Loughborough on a swing of 5.5% with a majority of 3,744 votes.[9] She made her maiden speech in a debate on Economic Affairs and Work and Pensions on 8 June 2010.[10] She was re-elected in 2015 and 2017.

In June 2010, she was selected as a Conservative member of the Business, Innovation and Skills Committee but was replaced following promotion in September to Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Universities and Science Minister, David Willetts.[11]

She was appointed assistant whip in September 2012,[12] and Economic Secretary to the Treasury on 7 October 2013.[13]

Minister for Women and Equalities
In 2013, Morgan voted against the introduction of same-sex marriage in England and Wales, arguing that marriage could only be between a man and a woman.[14]

Following the resignation of Maria Miller from the Cabinet, she became Minister for Women (attending Cabinet) on 9 April 2014 and was appointed a Privy Councillor.[15] However, the equalities brief went to Sajid Javid, the culture secretary.[1]

The separation of the equalities portfolio was seen by some as a response to Morgan's vote against the government's proposal to introduce legislation allowing same-sex marriages. This led to accusations that Morgan was merely "minister for straight women".[14][16] On her promotion, she retained her post as Minister for Women and also added the equalities brief to it, thus also becoming Minister for Women and Equalities.[17] However, Downing Street announced that responsibility for implementing the rest of the changes to same-sex marriage would be driven by Nick Boles, a new education minister who is himself gay and is in a civil partnership.[16]

In October 2014, she clarified her views saying she had previously voted against gay marriage as she believed her constituents were opposed to it. However she would now support it and she wished "supporters of same-sex marriage had been more vocal about their position before the vote in July last year."[18] She expressed support for Ireland's "yes" vote on same-sex marriage in May 2015.[19]

Secretary of State for Education
Morgan was appointed Secretary of State for Education in Prime Minister David Cameron's reshuffle in July 2014, replacing Michael Gove.[20]

In September 2014, Morgan was questioned by Parliament's Education Select Committee following a report by London University's Institute of Education on conflicts of interest between academies and their financial backers. The report failed to find evidence that academies were undertaking competitive tendering or that they were being properly monitored by the Education Funding Agency (EFA). It also said that previous reports had also questioned the capability of the EFA to fund and finance academies. Graham Stuart, chairman of the committee, acknowledged that there were loopholes but said the public needed to be sure that sponsors acted exclusively in the interests of their school.[21]

Following concerns from business leaders that children were leaving school without good teamwork skills, Morgan stated that character development is as important as academic achievement. In December 2014, she announced £3.5 million of funding to promote the building of "grit" and "resilience". Some schemes were likely to involve ex-servicemen teaching pupils – particularly those with behaviour problems – the importance of discipline. The Daily Telegraph reported potential concerns about maths, English and science being effectively downgraded.[22]

Morgan was removed from her position of Education Secretary on 14 July 2016 under the new Prime Minister Theresa May.[2]

Criticism by the UK Statistics Authority
In December 2014, Morgan was advised by Sir Andrew Dilnot, chair of the UK Statistics Authority, that she should "reconsider her comments" and possibly "take advice" about misleading information given to parliament. Morgan had claimed that one third of children under the previous Labour government had left primary school unable to read or write. In fact 91% of 11-year-old pupils tested in May 2010 had reached at least level 3 of Key Stage 2 – defined as being able to "read a range of texts fluently and accurately" – whereas 83% achieved level 4, the expected level. The BBC noting that 64% achieved expected results in all subjects tested suggests Morgan had both misunderstood official literacy level definitions and confused literacy results with expected overall attainment levels.[23]

Relationship with Michael Gove
In an interview with The Observer in December 2014, Morgan – who has been engaged in a long running "battle with Michael Gove" over policy – expounded her views on her relationship with her predecessor.[24] Her friends have denied that she is subservient to Gove,[24] whereas Morgan herself has rejected Gove's attitude to the educational establishment, which he had described as "a left wing blob".[25] Morgan told The Observer that although Gove's combative style alienated teachers, she fully supports his key policies: the introduction of free schools and the expansion of academies.[24]

Writing in The Times the following day, Sir Anthony Seldon, headmaster of Wellington College and a key Gove ally, claimed that Morgan knew little about schools and had accepted the education portfolio despite an initial lack of interest. She needed more radical policies to get schools to develop pupils who were "rounded, resilient citizens" but her "probable departure at the election" meant she was unlikely to make any sort of mark.[26]

In 2016 and 2019, Morgan supported Gove for leadership of the Conservative Party.[27]

Row over 2014 school league tables
The 2014 school league tables published in January 2015 excluded some results from fee-paying schools using International GCSEs (IGCSEs) which Morgan regards as not rigorous or challenging enough, a move which placed many of them, including Eton, near the bottom of the tables. Writing to The Daily Telegraph, Simon Lebus, the chief executive of Cambridge assessment, said Morgan had been poorly advised and that admission tutors agreed that the exams were the best preparation for university. He said the Department of Education should encourage competition – a race to the top between the two exam types – rather than "trying to rig the race". Morgan appealed to the fee-paying schools to return to conventional GCSEs.[28]

Religious education in schools
In December 2015, Morgan declared that a High Court ruling that religious teaching should be pluralistic, and that therefore it was unlawful to exclude teaching about atheism and humanism, should be ignored as UK religious traditions are mainly Christian. The Independent newspaper noted that both she and her department had also ignored the Commission on Religion and Belief in British Public Life report that Britain is "no longer predominantly Christian."[29] The British Humanist Association, which supported the legal battle against Morgan, called Morgan's decision to simply ignore the judgment against her "an affront to democracy".[30]

Morgan is a member of the Conservative Christian Fellowship.[31]

Specialist school for deaf children
In December 2015, British Deaf Association chairman Terry Riley expressed regret at the closing of the Royal School for Deaf Children in Margate which closed despite an appeal to Morgan.[32][33] However, an inspection the previous month by the Care Quality Commission had uncovered what the inspectors called "shocking examples of institutionalised failings and abuse" at the nearby Westgate College for Deaf People for students aged 16 and over, which was run by the same educational trust. The trust running the schools subsequently went into administration.[34]

Conversion of all schools to academies
In March 2016, Morgan told a NASUWT conference that the government had made significant improvements to the education system and would not back down. Every school would become an academy by 2022 and she invited the unions to help shape the reforms. NASUWT General secretary, Chris Keates asked her to listen to the concerns raised.[35] Her proposal was also criticised by her own backbenchers as likely to remove parental and local authority involvement, force small rural schools to close, reduce accountability and cost more than the £1.6 billion estimated in the budget. Chair of the 1922 Committee Graham Brady said he would write to Morgan.[36] The plan was dropped days later, except for schools in "underperforming" local authorities.[37]

EU referendum 2016 and Brexit
Morgan supported the 'Remain' campaign in the 2016 referendum. Following the decision to leave and Cameron's resignation she announced she was considering running for the Conservative party leadership. She said the vote had split the country and parliament could not spend the next few years on the single issue of Europe. She wanted a grown up debate on immigration, which included the positive case and not simply problems relating to jobs and housing[38] and criticised Nigel Farage's campaign for "emboldening" racists and bigots.[39] In spite of her stance for Remain in the referendum, Morgan endorsed Leave campaigner Michael Gove as the party leadership candidate on 30 June 2016.[40]

In December 2017, Morgan voted along with fellow Conservative Dominic Grieve and nine other Tory MPs against the government, and in favour of guaranteeing Parliament a "meaningful vote" on any deal Theresa May agrees with Brussels over Brexit.[41] In May 2018, Morgan joined Nick Clegg and David Miliband calling for a soft Brexit.[42]

In the 2019 Conservative Party leadership election, she supported Michael Gove.[43] Morgan during the campaign supported former Conservative Prime Minister John Major's plan for legal action if parliament were suspended to deliver No-deal Brexit. She commented that such a suspension 'would lead to a constitutional crisis' and that it was 'clearly a mad suggestion'.[44][45]

Opposition to additional grammar schools
Following Theresa May's policy statement on new grammar schools, Morgan joined Sir Michael Wilshaw in saying the changes were a retrograde step and a distraction from six years of effort under David Cameron to improve the existing state system via academies and free school reforms.[46]

Constituency issues
Professor Stephen Fisher of Oxford University, writing for the Higher Education Policy Institute think tank, observed in December 2014 that Loughborough was one of 10 or 11 constituencies where the student vote could affect the outcome. Loughborough was one of several Tory marginals with a student population of more than 13% and he noted Morgan as being at risk of losing her seat in 2015.[47] In the event, Morgan increased her majority achieving a 5.25% swing compared to a −0.3% swing nationally.

In July 2010, Morgan asked the Prime Minister to join her in congratulating Loughborough University Student Union Rag Committee on raising more money on behalf of the Royal British Legion than any other rag in the country.[48] Both agreed it was an example of the Big Society in action.[48]

Student fees
On 7 November 2010, Morgan appeared on the Politics Show with Lucy Hopkins, Loughborough Students' Union President, to continue an earlier on-campus debate on the tripling of student tuition fees. Morgan agreed costs could be daunting but said student numbers were unsustainable, it was fair to ask people to invest in their own education and people should ask more questions about how courses would improve prospects. Hopkins accepted that the Government had tried to find fair options but said students were taking on "excessive debts" which they would still be paying off when their own children went to university, they had no guarantee of a better job and those from poor homes would either have to choose an affordable university or not attend. In response, Morgan said that university was not a rite of passage, and that there were other ways of continuing education and she herself had taken eight years to pay off her debts.[49]

Donations to constituency
In May 2015, The Guardian highlighted a donation of £3,220 from Paul Mercer, a Conservative activist, former councillor and constituent who runs a local radio campaign on Morgan's behalf. According to The Guardian, Mercer is known to have worked for a "secretive corporate security firm" with a history of infiltrating and spying on political campaigners and had passed confidential legal advice to their opponents.[50]

Attitude towards politics
In January 2014, speaking at a meeting of the Bright Blue Tory think tank, Morgan said Conservatives must send out an optimistic message and not just "the language of hate" if they were to win the next general election. Her comments were thought to show concern at right-wing backbenchers' criticisms of Cameron on immigration, welfare, and the EU, though a party source insisted that she was talking about very few people.[51]

Trousergate and Handbaggate
In early December 2016, Theresa May was interviewed and photographed by the Sunday Times. Among the photos, May posed in a pair of brown leather trousers which cost £995. The photos and May's fashion choices were discussed widely in Tory circles, with the cost of the trousers deemed excessive and giving May an air of being out of touch with the electorate.

Among May's critics was Nicky Morgan who expressed concerns about the leather trousers. Morgan said that she would feel concerned about how she would justify such expense to constituents in Loughborough Market. Morgan was disinvited from a meeting about Brexit at Number 10.[52] The falling-out became known on social media as #Trousergate. Following the falling-out, Morgan withdrew from a scheduled appearance on Have I Got News for You, explaining that she wished to "keep a low profile". She was replaced by a handbag, referring to an equally expensive handbag she allegedly owned.[53]

Positions on gambling addiction
Morgan opposed delays till October 2019 in stake reduction for fixed odds betting terminals; she cited Tracey Crouch that two people commit suicide daily through gambling addiction. Morgan said, "It is the case that the government has prioritised the preservation of jobs in the gambling industry over the addiction of those who suffer from these machines." Morgan also said, "The trouble with that very rational analysis […] is that it doesn’t really help the expected 300 people who may end up taking their lives, suffering mental health problems from gambling addiction."[54]

Personal life
Morgan lives in rural Leicestershire and London. She is married to Jonathan Morgan, a former architect and current leader of Charnwood Borough Council.[55][56] Her husband is the Conservative Borough Councillor for Loughborough Outwoods Ward and County Councillor for Loughborough South West. They have a son, who was born in 2008. Her hobbies include recreational running

Mary Berry

Mary Rosa Alleyne Hunnings[3] CBE (née Berry; born 24 March 1935), known professionally as Mary Berry, is a British food writer and television presenter. After being encouraged in domestic science classes at school, she studied catering and institutional management at college. She then moved to France at the age of 21 to study at Le Cordon Bleu school, before working in a number of cooking-related jobs.

She has published more than 75 cookery books, including her best-selling Baking Bible in 2009. Her first book was The Hamlyn All Colour Cookbook in 1970. She hosted several television series for the BBC and Thames Television. Berry is an occasional contributor to Woman's Hour and Saturday Kitchen. She was a judge on the BBC One (originally BBC Two) television programme The Great British Bake Off from its launch in 2010 until 2016 when it relocated to Channel 4.
Early life
Berry was born on 24 March 1935, the second of three children, to Margaret (‘Marjorie’, née Wilson; 1905–2011) and Alleyne William Steward Berry (1904–1989). Alleyne was a surveyor and planner who served as Mayor of Bath in 1952 and was closely involved in establishing the University of Bath at Claverton Down. Mary's great-great-grandfather on her father's side, Robert Houghton, was a master baker in the 1860s who provided bread for a local workhouse in Norwich.[4] Her mother died in 2011 aged 105.[5]

At the age of 13, Mary Berry contracted polio and had to spend three months in hospital. This resulted in her having a twisted spine, a weaker left hand and thinner left arm. She has said that the period of forced separation from her family while in hospital "toughened [her] up" and taught her to make the most of every opportunity she would have.[6][7]

Berry attended Bath High School, where she described her academic abilities as "hopeless" until she attended domestic science classes with a teacher called Miss Date, who was particularly encouraging of her cooking abilities.[1] Her first creation in the class was a treacle sponge pudding which she took home, and her father told her that it was as good as her mother's.[1]

She then studied catering and institutional management at Bath College of Domestic Science.[1]

Career
Berry's first job was at the Bath electricity board showroom and then conducting home visits to show new customers how to use their electric ovens. She would typically demonstrate the ovens by making a Victoria sponge, a technique she would later repeat when in television studios to test out an oven she had not used before.[1] Her catchment area for demonstrations was limited to the greater Bath area, which she drove around in a Ford Popular supplied as a company car.[1]

Her ambition was to move out of the family home to London, something which her parents would not allow until she was 21. At the age of 22, she applied to work at the Dutch Dairy Bureau, while taking City & Guilds courses in the evenings.[1] She then persuaded her manager to pay for her to undertake the professional qualification from the French Le Cordon Bleu school.[8]

She left the Dutch Dairy Bureau to become a recipe tester for PR firm Benson's, where she began to write her first book. She has since cooked for a range of food-related bodies, including the Egg Council and the Flour Advisory Board. In 1966 she became food editor of Housewife magazine. She was food editor of Ideal Home magazine from 1970 to 1973.[9]

Her first cookbook, The Hamlyn All Colour Cookbook, was published in 1970.[10] She launched her own product range in 1994 with her daughter Annabel. The salad dressings and sauces were originally only sold at Mary's AGA cooking school, but have since been sold internationally around Britain, Germany and Ireland with retailers such as Harrods, Fortnum & Mason and Tesco each stocking the product ranges.[11]

She has also appeared on a BBC Two series called The Great British Food Revival, and her solo show, Mary Berry Cooks, began airing on 3 March 2014.[12]

In December 2012, Berry became the first president of the new Bath Spa University Alumni Association.[13]

In her own kitchen, she uses a KitchenAid mixer which she describes as being the one gadget she could not live without.[14] She has always had an AGA cooker,[15] and used to run cooking courses for AGA users.[16] She describes Raymond Blanc's restaurant Le Manoir aux Quat' Saisons as one of her favourites as well as the Old Queen's Head, local to where she lives in Penn, High Wycombe.[14]

In February 2015 Berry featured in a programme in aid of the Third World charity Comic Relief.[17] In May 2015 she began presenting a new BBC Two series called Mary Berry's Absolute Favourites. In November 2015 she was the subject a two-part biographical documentary entitled The Mary Berry Story.[18]

Starting on 30 November 2015, she was one of the two judges for a four-week American edition of the popular baking competition The Great Holiday Baking Show on ABC, which followed a similar format to the British competition.[19]

In November 2016, it was announced that Berry would present a new six-part series, Mary Berry Everyday in which she would share her cooking tips, family favourites and special occasion recipes. The show aired on BBC Two, it has since been shown on BBC One on Saturday mornings.[20]

In April 2017, Berry launched a series of cakes that could be bought from supermarkets. The cakes contain emulsifiers and preservatives that Berry has previously described as "unwanted extras".[21]

On 27 September 2017, Berry opened the newest Chesham Grammar School Food Tech kitchen.[22][23]

From 22 November 2017 to 13 December 2017, Berry presented a 4 part series called Mary Berry's Country House Secrets on BBC One. In this series, she ventured to four of the UK's most prestigious stately homes and explored each through the prism of food and history. The locations included Highclere Castle, Scone Palace, Powderham Castle and Goodwood House.[24][25]

In 2018, Berry was a judge on Britain's Best Home Cook alongside chef Dan Doherty and Chris Bavin.

The Great British Bake Off
From 2010 to 2016 she was one of the judges on BBC One's (formerly, BBC Two's) The Great British Bake Off alongside baker Paul Hollywood, who specialises in bread. Berry says that since working together, she has learned from him. However, some viewers were outraged during the first series when a decision was made to make the contestants use one of Hollywood's recipes for scones instead of one of Berry's.[1] Her work on the show with Hollywood has led to The Guardian suggesting that it is the best reality TV judging partnership ever.[26] In September 2016, Love Productions announced that a three-year deal to broadcast the show on Channel 4 instead of the BBC from 2017 had been agreed.[27][28] Co-hosts Mel Giedroyc and Sue Perkins announced that they would not be continuing with Bake Off on its new network.[29] Berry announced she was also leaving Bake Off[30] on the same day that fellow judge Paul Hollywood announced he would be staying with the show.[31]

Awards
Berry was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2012 Birthday Honours for services to culinary arts.[32][33] In July 2012, she was given an honorary degree for her lifelong achievements in her field by Bath Spa University which incorporates the former Bath College of Domestic Science.[34]

On Saturday 7 June 2014, Berry was awarded the Freedom of the City of Bath, during the Mayor Making ceremony at Bath Abbey;[35][36] and, having already received the Freedom of the City of London, on 19 November 2014, she was clothed with the livery of the Worshipful Company of Bakers.

She was awarded the Specsavers National Book Awards "Outstanding Achievement" prize in December 2014.[37]

On 25 January 2017, Berry won the award for Best TV Judge at the National Television Awards for Great British Bake Off.[38]

Personal life
Berry married Paul John March Hunnings in 1966.[39] He later worked for Harvey's of Bristol and sold antique books. He is now retired. The couple have three children: Thomas Alleyne March, a tree surgeon and a father of two, and Annabel Mary March (married to Charles William Dan Bosher, a master builder), a mother of three who went into business with her mother to market salad dressings.[citation needed] A second son, William John March, died in 1989, in a car accident aged 19 while a student at Bristol Polytechnic.[40] Thomas and William both attended Gordonstoun School.[1] Berry is a patron of Child Bereavement UK.[41]

In March 2013, Berry was placed second in a list of the fifty best-dressed over 50s by The Guardian.[42] In September 2014 Berry was the subject of the BBC genealogy series Who Do You Think You Are? and discovered among her ancestors illegitimacy, bankruptcy and a baker.[43]

Berry is a member of the Church of England and has been worshipping at Holy Trinity Church in Penn since 1989. She wrote about the church, and her membership, on the "UK's favourite churches" website.[44] Her mother, who died in 2011, had also been an active church member.[45] As part of the BBC2 programme "Mary Berry's Easter Feast" at Easter 2016, Berry visited Bishopthorpe Palace, the official residence of the Archbishop of York who is the second most senior cleric in the Church of England, and filmed a special "Cooking with the Archbishop" segment.[46]

Publications
Berry has written more than seventy cook books since her first book was published in 1970,[47] and has sold over five million cook books.[10] She regularly works on her cook books with Lucy Young, who has been her assistant for over twenty years.[48] Her best-selling Baking Bible was rated one of the ten best baking books by The Independent.[49]

Since September 2014, Berry's recipes have also been packaged in an interactive mobile app called "Mary Berry: In Mary We Trust".[50]

Her autobiography, Recipe for Life, was published in 2013 by Michael Joseph

كارلو أنشيلوتي

كارلو أنشيلوتي (بالإيطالية: Carlo Ancelotti) (من مواليد 10 يونيو 1959 في ريدجولو بمقاطعة ريدجو إميليا) هو لاعب كرة قدم إيطالي سابق، و‌مدرب حالي لنادي الجنوب الإيطالي نابولي. يعتبر كارلو أنشيلوتي وبوب بيزلي وزين الدين زيدان المدربون الذين فازوا بالبطولة في ثلاث مناسبات ووصل إلى أربع نهائيات (ثلاث نهائيات وفوزان مع إيه سي ميلان، وفوز واحد مع ريال مدريد). ويُعتبر أحد أفضل المدربين في تاريخ كرة القدم وأحد أكثرهم نجاحًا
حياته الشخصية
يملك كارلو أنشيلوتي إبنان وهما الابنة كاتيا والإبن دافيد، والذي لعب في فريق الشباب في ميلان ثم انضم إلى نادي بروجومانيرو. كان متزوجاً من لويسا جيبيليني لمدة 25 سنة، لكنه انفصل عنها في عام 2008، قبل أن يتزوج عام 2014 من سيدة الأعمال الكندية ماريان بارينا، كما عرف عنه موقفاً مهماً أثناء مرض والده وتدريبه لتشلسي في لندن، حيث كان يسافر بشكل دوري ومتكرر كي يكون قرب والده المريض، والذي توفي لاحقاً في عام 29 سبتمبر 2010 عن عمر يناهز 87 عام، وعن ذلك قال أنشيلوتي "أنا مطالب بأن أكون قريباً من والدي بقدر ما أنا مطالب بإدارة الفريق، لا أواجه مشاكل في الأمرين".

مسيرته الكروية
روما
بدأ مسيرته مع كرة القدم في عام 1976 في نادي بارما، وفي عام 1979 انتقل انشلوتي إلى نادي روما الموسم الأول لأنشيلوتي كان 1979-1980 ومن أول موسم يحقق أولى البطولات حيث حقق مع الفريق بطولة كأس إيطاليا لعب في ذلك الموسم 27 لقاء حقق 3 أهداف خلالها. في موسمه الثاني حقق كأس إيطاليا مع فرقة الذئاب من جديد لعب هذا الموسم 29 لقاء أحرز خلالها هدفين. موسمه الثالث (1981–1982) لم يلعب حينها أنشي سوا 5 لقاءات فقط، لم يحقق أي هدف وكان موسما سيئا لروما فلم يحقق أي لقب يذكر في ذلك الموسم. الموسم الرابـع 1982–1983 لم يكن موسما بسيطا للاعب الوسط أنشي فها هو يحقق مع روما بطولة الدوري الإيطالي الممتاز وهو الإنجاز الأبرز له مع روما. الموسم الخامس 1983-1984 الفريق يصل إلى نهائي دوري الأبطال في وجه نادي ليفربول وقدم الفريق أداء رائعا ولكنه خسر بركلات الترجيح واحتل الوصافة الأوروبية وحقق الفريق كأس إيطاليا وأنشيلوتي لعب 9 لقاءات فقط وبدون أي هدف شخصي. الموسم السادس 1984-1985 لعب أنشيلوتي 22 لقـاء وأحرز 3 أهداف ولم يحقق روما أي لقب ذلك الموسم. الموسم السابع وقبل الأخير لأنشيلوتي مع الذئاب من جديد فريق العاصمة يحقق كأس إيطاليا هذا الموسم لعب أنشيلوتي 29 لقاء ولم يحرز أي هدف. الموسم الأخير 1986-1987 م لعب أنشي 27 لقاء وأحرز هدفين. ليكون مجموع المباريات التي لعبها أنشي 171 لقاء مع روما في ثمان مواسم سجل فيها 12 هدفا. وكانت تلك نهاية فترة في مسيرة أنشيلوتي لتبدأ مسيرة عظمى في ميلان حيث فاز بالعديد من الألقاب.

إيه سي ميلان
وفي عام 1987 انتقل كارلو أنشيلوتي إلى نادي إيه سي ميلان. ميلان وأنشيلوتي. ارتبط هذين الاسمين منذ ذلك الوقت. عندما استلم أريغو ساكي زمام الأمور بعد طلب السيد سيلفيو برلسكوني علما بأنها تجربة الرجل الأولى في الدرجة الأولى قام بغربلة كاملة في الفرقة الإيطالية الحمراء. قام بإحضار النجوم وعمل بخطط جعلت من الفريق الميلاني ذلك الوقت من أفضل الفرق في التاريخ بشهادة الفيفا فقد كان فريقا قويا ممتعا لامثيل له. فقد أحضر المدرب أنشيلوتي وأحضر النجمين الهولنديين ماركو فان باستن وفرانك ريكارد ناهيك عن وجود فرانكو باريزي وباولو مالديني وروبيرتو دونادوني ورود خوليت وغيرهم. منذ الموسم الأول لأنشيلوتي هناك وفي وجود تلك الكوكبة النادرة بدأ الفريق في حصد الألقاب المتوالية فالموسم الأول 1987- 1988 م أحرز الدوري الإيطالي الممتاز تاركا خلفه نابولي بقيادة أسطورة الكرة العالمية الأرجنتيني دييغو مارادونا .. كما حقق الفريق كأس السوبر الإيطالي من أمام سامبدوريا .. لعب ذلك الموسم أنشيلوتي 27 لقـاء وسجل فيها هدفين ..الموسم الثاني " 1988-1989 م " بدأت الفرقة الميلانية تعطي الاستحقاقات العالمية اهتماما أكبر بعد أن حصد الفريق الكالتشيو بتميز في موسم ساكي الأول.. ففي الكالتشيو حقق المركز الثالث ولكنه حقق البطولة الأكبر حقق دوري أبطال أوروبا أمام ستيوا بوخارست و برباعية ما ميز أنشيلوتي أنه من اللاعبين الذي لا يفرط به المدرب أبدا لا بتغير ولا بنحوه وعرف عنه ثبات المستوى والتميز في الأداء وشمولية في الوسط. لعب ذلك الموسم أنشيلوتي 28 لقاء وسجل هدفين بالاجمال ابن الـ 30 عاما يصل لـ الموسم الثالث مع الميلان " 1989-1990 م " .. مرة أخرى الفريق يبهر ويمتع .بداية في الكالتشيو حقق الوصافة بفارق نقطتين فقط عن نابولي المتصدر كما حقق الفريق وصافة كأس إيطاليا لكرة القدم من أمام يوفنتوس .لم يكتف الفريق بما لديـه بل حقق دوري أبطال أوروبا من جديد بعد انتصاره امام بنفيكا ولم يكتف أيضا بذلك بل حقق كأس السوبر الأوروبي وفي كأس العالم للأندية انتصر أمام أتلتيكو الكولومبي ليصبح بطلا للعالم .لعب ذلك الموسم 24 لقاء و سجل 3 أهداف الموسم الرابع وقبل الأخير لأنشيلوتي كلاعب " 1990 – 1991 م " .. بدايـة في الكالتشيو حقق الفريق الوصافة بعد سامبدوريا بفارق 5 نقاط وهي الوصافة التي تكررت من جديد. ولكن الفريق من جديد يعلنها من بأنه بطل للعالم للسنة الثانية على التوالي أمام أوليمبكا من الباراجوي كما حقق كأس السوبر وكان الفريق قد خرج من دور ربع النهائي من دوري الأبطال. لعب ذلك الموسم 21 لقاء وسجل هدف وحيد .تلك الفترة هي أفضل فترة في تاريخ أنشيلوتي كلاعب. الموسم الأخير " 1991 – 1992م " .يصل إلى ميلانو مدرب جديد وهو المخضرم فابيو كابيلو خلفا لأريغو ساكي. كان آخر موسم لأنشيلوتي ختام كالمسك فبعد أن كان أول موسم له يحقق فيه الكالتشيو لم يرض إلا أن يختتم مسيرته بلقب الكالتشيو مجددا. حينها كان قد وصل لسن الـ 33. لعب في موسمه الأخير 12 لقاء سجل فيها هدفين. لينهي أنشيلوتي تلك المسيرة الناجحة مع ميلان .. ليكون إجمال ما لعب مع ميلان 112 لقاء سجل فيها جميعا 10 أهداف. ويسطر أسمه كلاعب من أنجح اللاعبين على الخارطة الحمراء .

مسيرته التدريبية
بداياته
بعد اعتزاله لكرة القدم، توجه إلى مهنه التدريب، وقد درب في بدايته نادي ريجيانا وصعد بهم الی الدرجة الاولى ، وقد ساعدهم على الصعود إلى دوري الدرجة الأولى الإيطالي، وفي عام 1996 انتقل إلى تدريب نادي بارما وحقق المركز الثاني خلف يوفنتوس بثلاثة نقاط ، أما في موسمه الثاني حقق المركز السادس ، وفي عام 1999 انتقل لتدريب نادي يوفنتوس خلفا للمدرب مارتشيلو ليبي ولم يحالفه الحظ في موسمين متتالين واصطدم بنادي لاتسيو التاريخي وأصبح وصيفه بفارق نقطة ،اما موسمه الثاني حل في الوصافة أيضا خلف روما كابيلو بفارق نقطتين فقط وحقق بطولة كأس إنترتوتو .

إيه سي ميلان
وفي عام 2001 انتقل إلى تدريب إيه سي ميلان، وفي أول مواسمه مع إيه سي ميلان، قاد الفريق للعودة إلى البطولات الأوروبية، فقادهم إلى الحصول على المركز الرابع في كأس الاتحاد الأوروبي، وفي الموسم الذي تلاه دعم الفريق بلاعبي خط الوسط أندريا بيرلو وروي كوستا، وفي ذلك الوقت كان المهاجمين أندريه شيفشينكو وفيليبو إنزاغي يعيشان أفضل فتراتهما، مما ساعد إيه سي ميلان على الفوز بكأس إيطاليا ودوري أبطال أوروبا، وقد جلب لاعب خط الوسط البرازيلي كاكا إلى إيه سي ميلان، مما أدى إلى زيادة حظوظه في الدوري المحلي، وقد استطاع أن يفوز بالدوري في ذلك الموسم، بعد ذلك قاده للفوز بدوري أبطال أوروبا مرة أخرى بالإضافة إلى كأس السوبر الأروبي و بطولة العالم للأندية عام 2007.

تشيلسي
وفي 2009 انتقل إلى تدريب نادي تشيلسي الإنكليزي و حقق في أولى مواسمه معهم ′ ثنائية ′ الدوري والكأس الدوري الإنجليزي و كأس الاتحاد الإنجليزي لأول مرة في تاريخ نادي تشيلسي

باريس سان جيرمان
اتجه من نادي تشيلسي إلى باريس سان جيرمان وقادهم إلى تحقيق الدوري الفرنسي، وإلى ربع نهائي دوري أبطال أوروبا

ريال مدريد
بعد نجاحه مع باريس سان جيرمان و حصده الدوري الفرنسي، طلبه رئيس نادي ريال مدريد فلورنتينو بيريز. وقد كان بيريز يحلم بالتعاقد مع أنشيلوتي منذ فترة طويلة، وفي أول مواسمه قاد ريال مدريد لتحقيق لقبه العاشر في بطولة دوري ابطال أوروبا 2013/2014 وكأس ملك أسبانيا 2013/2014 وبدأ موسمه الثاني بتحقيق كأس السوبر الأوروبي موسم 2014/2015 وأيضاً قام بتحقيق كأس العالم للأندية موسم 2014/2015. تم الإعلان عن إقالته من قبل فلورينتينو بيريز في الخامس والعشرين من شهر مايو عام 2015 بسبب انهاءه لموسم خالٍ من الألقاب.

بايرن ميونخ
مع انتهاء موسم 2015/2016 رحل بيب جوارديولا عن تدريب بايرن ميونخ لتدريب مانشستر سيتي بعد مسيرة تدريبية استمرت 3 سنوات خرج بدون أي بطولات أوروبية وتم تعيين كارلو أنشيلوتي مدربًا للعملاق البافاري.

إنجازاته
لاعب
روما
الدوري الإيطالي الممتاز (1): 1982-82
كأس إيطاليا (4): 1979–80، 1980–81، 1983–84، 1985–86
ميلان
دوري أبطال أوروبا (2): 1988–89، 1989–90
كأس السوبر الأوروبي (2): 1989، 1990
الدوري الإيطالي الممتاز (2): 1987-88، 1991-92
كأس السوبر الإيطالي (1): 1988
كأس الإنتركونتيننتال (2): 1989، 1990
مدرب
يوفنتوس
كأس انترتوتو (1): 1999
إيه سي ميلان
الدوري الإيطالي الممتاز (1): 2003-04
كأس إيطاليا (1): 2002-03
كأس السوبر الإيطالي (1): 2004
دوري أبطال أوروبا (2): 2003، 2007
كأس السوبر الأوروبي (2): 2003، 2007
كأس العالم للأندية (1): 2007
تشيلسي
الدوري الإنجليزي الممتاز (1): 2009-10
كأس الاتحاد الإنجليزي (1): 2009-10
الدرع الخيرية (1): 2010
باريس سان جيرمان
دوري الدرجة الأولى (1): 2012-13
ريال مدريد
كأس ملك إسبانيا (1): 2013–14
دوري أبطال أوروبا (1): 2013–14
كأس السوبر الأوروبي (1): 2014
كأس العالم للأندية (1) : 2014
بايرن ميونخ
الدوري الألماني (1): 2016–17
كأس السوبر الألماني (1): 2016
إنجازات فردية
أفضل مدرب في الدوري الإيطالي : 2001، 2004
جائزة المقعد الذهبي : 2003، 2004
أفضل مدرب في الدوري الفرنسي : 2013
مدرب الشهر في إنجلترا (4) : نوفمبر 2009، اغسطس 2010، مارس 2011، ابريل 2011
أفضل مدرب في أوروبا : 2003
أفضل مدرب في العالم : 2007
مدرب العام 2003 مجلة (world soccer)
جائزة ميغيل مونيوز (1): 2014–15

Carlo Ancelotti

Carlo Ancelotti OSI[3] (Italian pronunciation: [ˈkarlo antʃeˈlɔtti]; born 10 June 1959) is an Italian former professional footballer and current manager, last in charge of Napoli.

Ancelotti is one of only three managers to have won the UEFA Champions League three times (twice with Milan and once with Real Madrid), and one of only two to have managed teams in four finals. He has won the FIFA Club World Cup twice, managing Milan and Real Madrid.[4][5] Ancelotti is also one of seven people to have won the European Cup or Champions League as both a player and a manager. He is regarded as one of the best and most successful managers of all time.[6][7][8]

Nicknamed Carletto,[9] Ancelotti played as a midfielder and began his career with Italian club Parma, helping the club to Serie B promotion in 1979. He moved to Roma the following season, where he won a Serie A title and four Coppa Italia titles, and also played for the late 1980s Milan team, with which he won two league titles and two European Cups, among other titles. At international level he played for the Italian national team on 26 occasions, scoring once, and appeared in two FIFA World Cups, finishing in third-place in the 1990 edition of the tournament, as well as UEFA Euro 1988, where he helped his nation to reach the semi-finals.

As a manager, he has worked for Reggiana, Parma, Juventus, Milan, Chelsea, Paris Saint-Germain, Real Madrid, Bayern Munich and Napoli, and has won domestic titles in Italy, England, France, Spain, and Germany.
Club career
Parma
Ancelotti began his career in 1974 with Parma. He made his professional debut in Serie C during the 1976–77 season, at the age of 18. Under manager Cesare Maldini, he was often deployed behind the forwards, or as a second striker, due to his eye for goal. Ancelotti excelled in this role and helped Parma to a second place in the Serie C1 girone A during the 1978–79 season, which qualified the team for the Serie B play-offs. In the decisive match in Vicenza, against Triestina, with the score tied at 1–1, he scored two goals, which gave Parma a 3–1 victory and sealed their place in Serie B the following season.[10][11][12][13]

Roma
After attracting strong interest from Inter Milan, in mid-1979, Ancelotti transferred to Roma, and made his Serie A debut in a 0–0 draw against Milan on 16 September.[10][11][14] Under manager Nils Liedholm, he was deployed as a winger or central midfielder and became one of the club's most important players in a team which featured the likes of Brazilian star midfielders Falcão and Toninho Cerezo, as well as Italian footballers Roberto Pruzzo, Bruno Conti, Agostino Di Bartolomei, and Pietro Vierchowod, immediately winning consecutive Coppa Italia titles in his first two seasons with the club. During his eight seasons at the club, he won the Coppa Italia a total of four times (1980, 1981, 1984, and 1986). After struggling with knee injuries, and managing second- and third-place league finishes in 1981 and 1982, Ancelotti helped lead the team to win a historic Italian championship in 1983, the club's second ever league title in their history.[11] The following season, he even helped Roma to win another Coppa Italia title and reach the European Cup final in 1984, although missed the final through injury as Roma were defeated by Liverpool on penalties at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome.[10][11][14] He was named the team's captain in 1985 under new club manager Sven-Göran Eriksson, and served as a mentor to the young midfielder Giuseppe Giannini, as Roma won the Coppa Italia, but once again narrowly missed out on the league title during the 1985–86 Serie A season, finishing in second place behind Juventus.[10][11][13]

Milan
From 1987 until 1992, Ancelotti played for Milan, and was a key part of the successful squad that won the Serie A title in 1988, consecutive European Cups in 1989 and 1990, two European Super Cups, two Intercontinental Cups and a Supercoppa Italiana under manager Arrigo Sacchi.[10] During this time, Milan played with one of their finest teams ever assembled in that decade under the financial backing of club president Silvio Berlusconi, with Paolo Maldini, Franco Baresi, Mauro Tassotti and Alessandro Costacurta as defenders; Frank Rijkaard, Ruud Gullit and Roberto Donadoni as midfielders; and Marco van Basten upfront.[11] One of Ancelotti's most memorable moments with Milan was when he received a pass from Ruud Gullit, dribbled around two Real Madrid players and netted a powerful long-range shot during the Rossoneri's 5–0 thrashing of Real Madrid in the 1989 European Cup semi-finals.[15] He went on to play all 90 minutes in Milan's 4–0 dismantling of Steaua București in the final.[16]

The following season, Ancelotti suffered an injury to his left knee in the quarter-finals of the European Cup against KV Mechelen which forced him to miss the semi-finals, although he was able to return in time to help Milan defend their title against Benfica in the final, held in Vienna.[11] Following Sacchi's departure, he won a second Serie A title under replacement manager Fabio Capello during the 1991–92 Serie A season, as Milan won the title undefeated, but persistent knee injuries and competition from youngster Demetrio Albertini limited his playing time, and eventually forced him into premature retirement at the end of the season, at the age of 33. He played the final match of his career with the club in a 4–0 home win over Hellas Verona on 17 May 1992, in which he came off the bench in the final 20 minutes of the game and scored two goals, and was given an ovation by the fans.[10][11][13]

International career
Under manager Enzo Bearzot, Ancelotti made his Italy national team debut and scored his first and only goal on 6 January 1981 in a one-off tournament against the Netherlands, which ended in a 1–1 draw.[11][14] He was very likely to be capped for the 1982 World Cup campaign, but a dramatic knee injury forced him away for several months, as Italy went on to win the tournament without him.[11][14] He was a part of Italy's World Cup squad in the 1986 World Cup, where he did not make a single appearance, however, as both he and Paolo Rossi struggled during the team's fitness tests, due to the altitude of the region, and were replaced in the starting line-up by Fernando De Napoli and Giuseppe Galderisi respectively.[17]

Under new Italy manager Azeglio Vicini, he was also a key member of the Italy squad that reached the semi-finals of UEFA Euro 1988, and was also set to represent his nation at the Summer Olympics in Seoul that summer. An injury to the meniscus of his right knee, however, prevented him from taking part in the tournament, where Italy ultimately managed a fourth-place finish.[11] Ancelotti later went on to play in the 1990 World Cup on home soil under Vicini at the age of 31, although an injury in the second group match against Austria once again limited his appearances in the competition to just three, and kept him on the sidelines until the third-place final against England, in which he returned to help Italy to a 2–1 win.[11] Ancelotti made a total of 26 performances for the Italian national side, and announced his retirement from international football in 1991, making his final Italy appearance under Arrigo Sacchi.[11][14][13]

Style of play
A world-class player, Ancelotti was a creative, cautious, and efficient midfielder who was known for his leadership, skill, composure on the ball, and organisational ability; he is regarded as one of the best Italian midfielders of his generation.[10][11][12] Although he lacked pace, as well as notable physical and athletic characteristics, he was a highly talented, yet hard-working, combative, and tenacious team-player, who was competent defensively, but who above all possessed excellent technical ability, tactical intelligence, vision and passing range, as well as a powerful and accurate shot from outside the area; his wide range of skills enabled him to contribute to his team's offensive play with goals and assists. A versatile midfielder, he was capable of being deployed in several positions: while he was usually deployed as a playmaker in the centre of the pitch during his time with Milan under Arrigo Sacchi, he often played on the wings during his time with Roma, and was also capable of playing as an attacking midfielder, or even in a box-to-box role; in his youth, he was often deployed in a more advanced role as a forward, usually as a second striker.[11][14][18] As with Milan he was often deployed in front of the back-line, as a central or defensive midfielder, a position which allowed him to set the tempo of his team's play after winning back possession, he is regarded as having been the mentor and predecessor of Demetrio Albertini and Andrea Pirlo in the deep-lying playmaking role at the club. Despite his ability, his career was affected by several injuries, which limited his playing time, and forced him into retirement in 1992 at the age of 33.[11][18][13][19][20][21]

Managerial career
Reggiana
Ancelotti undertook his coaching studies at Coverciano, where he penned a research article entitled "Il Futuro del Calcio: Più Dinamicità"[22] (English: "The Future of Football: More Dynamism"). After serving as an assistant manager with the Italy national team under his former Milan coach Arrigo Sacchi between 1992 and 1995, and reaching the 1994 World Cup final,[10][12][14] Ancelotti began his managerial career with Serie B side Reggiana in 1995,[23] where he immediately aided the team in achieving promotion to Serie A;[14] he left after the 1995–96 Serie B season,[23] finishing with a record of 17 wins, 14 draws, and 10 losses in his only season with the club.[24]

Parma
Ancelotti joined Parma the following season,[27] a team which had recently enjoyed several years of domestic and European success under the previous manager Nevio Scala, and which contained several promising young players, including future Italy stars Gianluigi Buffon and Fabio Cannavaro.[28] Ancelotti made his debut in the Coppa Italia in a 3–1 loss to Pescara.[29] Ancelotti made several changes at the club, implementing a rigorous Sacchi-inspired 4–4–2 formation, and initially deploying creative forward Gianfranco Zola out of position on the left wing in order to accommodate Hristo Stoichkov up-front, although both players were later eventually sold by the club after lack of playing time due to struggling to perform in this system.[30] With the new attacking partnership of Enrico Chiesa and Hernán Crespo, Parma finished second in Serie A during the 1996–97 season under Ancelotti, which guaranteed them a place in the next edition of the UEFA Champions League.[28][31] The following season, the club had agreed to sign another Italian creative forward, Roberto Baggio, but Ancelotti impeded the transfer as he once again did not feel that a player like Baggio would fit into his tactical plans.[28][30][32] Ancelotti later stated that he regretted this decision, stating that at the time he believed that the 4–4–2 was the ideal formation for success, and that offensive playmakers were not compatible with this system.[33] After suffering a first round elimination in the 1997–98 Champions League, and a semi–final appearance in the Coppa Italia,[34] Ancelotti was only able to guide Parma to a sixth-place finish in Serie A during the 1997–98 season, and was sacked at the end of the season, despite qualifying the team for next season's UEFA Cup.[27][28][35]

Juventus
In February 1999, Ancelotti was appointed Juventus manager, where he both succeeded and preceded Marcello Lippi, who returned to the club when Ancelotti left.[36][37] With Juventus, Ancelotti became less rigorous with the team's formation, abandoning his favoured 4–4–2 in order to accommodate star French playmaker Zinedine Zidane in his preferred free role behind the forwards in the team's starting line-up.[30] His first full season at Juventus began promisingly, as he immediately won the Intertoto Cup with the club by beating Rennes 4–2 on aggregate,[38] although Juventus suffered a round of 16 elimination in the UEFA Cup, and lost the league title to Lazio by a single point on the final match-day of the season; this was after surrendering a five-point lead with three games remaining, which drew strong criticism from the fans and the board of directors.[14][35] The following season, Ancelotti went trophyless, finishing runner-up in Serie A yet again, to Roma, and he was sacked by Juventus.[14][16] Ancelotti's dismissal was announced by Juventus at half-time in the final league game of the season at home against Atalanta, on 17 June 2001, even though they were still within a chance of winning the title; Juventus won the match 2–1, although the result was not enough to prevent them from finishing behind Roma in the league.[35][39] Ancelotti finished his tenure with Juventus with a record of 63 wins, 33 draws and 18 losses.[40]

Milan
Ancelotti was appointed Milan manager on 5 November 2001, after Fatih Terim was sacked due to poor results.[10][12][14][41] He was inheriting another recently trophyless team in Milan, as the Rossoneri had floundered domestically and in Europe since their last Scudetto victory in 1999. In the 2001–02 season, Ancelotti led Milan to qualify for the Champions League once again, as the team managed a fourth-place finish in Serie A,[42] and also reached semi-finals of the UEFA Cup, their best ever finish in the competition, losing out to Borussia Dortmund,[43][44] and also suffered a semi-final elimination in the Coppa Italia to Juventus.[43]

The following season, Ancelotti - who was heavily criticised by club owner Silvio Berlusconi due to his supposedly defensive tactics - was able to adopt a creative play in Milan while making several changes to the team's squad. He made Dida - still maligned for his 2000–01 Champions League howler against Leeds United - his new starting goalkeeper barely a month into the season, while converting budding attacking midfielder Andrea Pirlo to a defensive midfielder, playing him behind the number 10 (either Rui Costa or Rivaldo) in front of the team's back-line as a deep-lying playmaker in a 4–3–1–2 or 4–1–2–1–2 formation.[13][45][46][47] At the same time, Filippo Inzaghi and Andriy Shevchenko proved to be dominant and dynamic strikers, who were prolific in front of goal.[48]

Milan won the 2003 Champions League final,[49] beating Juventus 3–2 on penalties at Old Trafford,[50] and also won the 2003 Coppa Italia Final over Roma.[10] It was a sweet revenge for him as Juventus had brutally sacked him and to add insult, Marcello Lippi was re-hired for a second tenure and won back-to-back Serie A titles.[30] The following season, with the addition of Brazilian attacking midfielder Kaká, and Ancelotti's formidable four-man back-line of Cafu, Costacurta, Alessandro Nesta and Maldini, Milan took home the UEFA Super Cup in 2003 over Porto,[51] followed by the Scudetto in 2004 with an Italian record of 82 points from 34 games,[52] while Shevchenko finished the season as the league's top-scorer.[10][53][54] The Rossoneri, however, suffered penalty-shootout defeats to Juventus in the 2003 Supercoppa Italiana,[55] and to Boca Juniors in the 2003 Intercontinental Cup.[56] They were also knocked out by Deportivo de La Coruña in the 2003–04 UEFA Champions League.[57]

Under Ancelotti's reign, Milan also won the 2004 Supercoppa Italiana,[58] and were also back-to-back Serie A runners-up to Juventus in 2004–05[59] and 2005–06[60] (both Scudetti were later wiped from the record books of Juventus due to the club's involvement in the Calciopoli scandal). During the 2004–05 season, Ancelotti also led Milan to the 2005 Champions League final, where they lost out to Liverpool 2–3 on penalties after a 3–3 draw in normal time.[16][61] In the Coppa Italia, the team was unable to get past the quarter finals.[62] The following season, Milan once again faced disappointment as they lost out to Barcelona in the Champions League semi-finals,[63] and only reached the quarterfinals of the Coppa Italia
After the departure of striker Andriy Shevchenko at the beginning of the 2006–07 season, Ancelotti was forced to redesign Milan's line-up once again, devising a 4–3–2–1 system that would later be known as his "Christmas Tree" formation. Milan's line-up used Inzaghi as a lone striker, supported by attacking midfielders Clarence Seedorf and Kaká, in front of a three-man midfield which featured Andrea Pirlo as a creative playmaker, supported by hard-working defensive midfielders Gennaro Gattuso and Massimo Ambrosini.[65] Milan received an eight-point deduction during the 2006–07 Serie A season for their role in the Calciopoli scandal,[66] which virtually put the team out of the title race, and instead led Ancelotti to focus on winning the Champions League.[67] On 23 May 2007, Milan avenged their defeat to Liverpool two years earlier with a 2–1 win at the Olympic Stadium in Athens in the 2007 Champions League final,[68] leading to Ancelotti's second Champions League trophy as Milan coach and his fourth title overall, having also won it twice as a Milan player in 1989 and 1990.[16] During the 2006–07 season, Milan also finished fourth in Serie A,[69] and lost out to eventual champions Roma in the Coppa Italia semi-final.[70] The next season, Ancelotti also won the 2007 UEFA Super Cup,[71] as well as the club's first ever FIFA Club World Cup in 2007, becoming the first manager to do so with a European side.[10] After finishing the league in fifth place,[72] Milan missed out on Champions League qualification,[73] and also suffered round of 16 eliminations in the Champions League[74] and Coppa Italia (to Arsenal and Catania respectively).[75]

In Ancelotti's final season at the club, Milan managed a third-place finish in Serie A behind Juventus and cross-city rivals Inter, sealing a place in the next season's Champions League,[76] while they were eliminated in the round of 32 of the UEFA Cup,[74] and the round of 16 of the Coppa Italia.[77] After previously denying rumours that he would be leaving the club, on 31 May 2009 Ancelotti announced his resignation from Milan - less than an hour after their 2–0 victory over Fiorentina in the final match of the season.[16][76] In total, Ancelotti led Milan for 423 games; only Nereo Rocco has been in charge of the club for more matches.[10]

Chelsea
On 1 June 2009, Ancelotti succeeded interim manager Guus Hiddink when he was confirmed as the new Chelsea manager after agreeing to a three-year contract, and formally assumed his duties on 1 July.[78] His salary at Chelsea was initially reported to be more than £5 million per year.[79] Ancelotti became the club's fourth permanent manager in 21 months, following José Mourinho, Avram Grant and Luiz Felipe Scolari. He was also the third Italian to manage Chelsea, after Gianluca Vialli and Claudio Ranieri.

On 9 August 2009, Ancelotti won his first trophy as Chelsea manager, the Community Shield, beating Manchester United on penalties, following a 2–2 draw. His first Premier League game in charge of the Blues ended in a 2–1 home victory over Hull City on 15 August 2009.[80] Chelsea lost their first match under Ancelotti at the DW Stadium away to Wigan Athletic on 26 September, losing 1–3. They were eliminated from the League Cup on 2 December, reaching the quarter-finals stage, after a penalty shootout defeat to Blackburn Rovers after a 3–3 draw at Ewood Park.
In the Champions League, Ancelotti returned to the San Siro for the first time since his departure from Milan, when his team faced Inter Milan, who was at the time coached by ex-Chelsea manager José Mourinho, at the Round of 16 stage. Ancelotti and Mourinho had a tense relationship from the previous season, as managers of Milan and Inter respectively.[81] Chelsea was eliminated from the Champions League on 16 March 2010 after a 1–3 aggregate loss to Inter, having lost 1–2 away and 0–1 at Stamford Bridge.[82][83]

On 9 May 2010, Ancelotti led Chelsea to the Premier League title, beating Manchester United by one point[84] and setting scoring records. The team finished the campaign with 103 goals, becoming the first team in the Premier League to score more than 100 goals in a season, and the first since Tottenham Hotspur in the 1962–63 season.[85] Chelsea secured the title with an 8–0 victory over Wigan at Stamford Bridge.[86] Ancelotti also became the first Italian manager to win the Premier League[87] and only the fifth manager overall in the League's 18 seasons. On 15 May 2010, Ancelotti led Chelsea to victory in the 2009–10 FA Cup, beating Portsmouth 1–0 in the final at Wembley Stadium; Chelsea's third victory in the FA Cup in four years, equaling a record set by Arsenal between 2002 and 2005. The FA Cup win secured Chelsea's first ever domestic double.

The following season, after having lost to Manchester United in the 2010 FA Community Shield in August, Ancelotti led Chelsea to the top of the table on the first weekend of the season thanks to a 6–0 rout of newly promoted West Bromwich Albion. Chelsea followed up this result with another 6–0 win, this time over Wigan, while Stoke City were beaten 2–0 in the next match. Chelsea had a good start to the season, winning their first five matches. Chelsea then lost 3–4 against Newcastle United on 23 September 2010 in the League Cup.[88] They then went on to lose against Manchester City in the Premier League 0–1 after a cleverly-taken strike by City captain Carlos Tevez. Chelsea made a good start in Europe by beating MŠK Žilina and Marseille 4–1 and 2–0, respectively, in the 2010–11 UEFA Champions League. Chelsea then defeated fourth-placed Arsenal 2–0 on 3 October 2010, courtesy of a goal from Didier Drogba and a free-kick by defender Alex.

Chelsea's next defeat of the season came against Liverpool at Anfield on 7 November 2010, where they lost 0–2 with both goals coming from Fernando Torres. A week later, Chelsea suffered their second Premier League defeat in three matches with a remarkable 0–3 home defeat to Sunderland. In their following five league games, they lost two and drew three games, culminating in a 1–3 loss to Arsenal at the Emirates Stadium. On 5 January 2011, Chelsea suffered a shock 0–1 defeat at struggling Wolverhampton Wanderers, leaving them fifth in the League and in real danger of missing out on a Champions League place for the first time since 2002.[89] This result led to Ancelotti ruling out Chelsea's chances of retaining the title, insisting that he did not fear that he would be sacked.[90] But after this match, however, Chelsea's form began to improve. First with a 7–0 thrashing of Ipswich Town in the FA Cup at Stamford Bridge and then a 2–0 victory over Blackburn, followed by emphatic away wins against Bolton Wanderers and Sunderland, putting them in fourth position in the league, though still ten points behind leaders Manchester United.

On 31 January 2011, Chelsea signed Liverpool striker Fernando Torres for a British record £50 million and Benfica defender David Luiz for £22 million. Chelsea lost 0–1 to Liverpool at Stamford Bridge but beat league leaders Manchester United on 1 March in a 2–1 comeback win that saw David Luiz net his first goal for Chelsea, which was followed by a 3–1 win away to Blackpool. Chelsea were later defeated by Manchester United at home and away (aggregate of 1–3) in the Champions League quarter-finals.

Following their defeat in the Champions League, Chelsea made a remarkable comeback in the league, defeating Wigan 1–0 at home, West Brom 3–1 away, Birmingham City 3–1, West Ham United 3–0 and Tottenham 2–1 at home. Chelsea, who at one point were fifth and 15 points behind leaders Manchester United, vaulted into the second position the league, just three points behind them with three games left of the season.

On 8 May, however, Chelsea lost 1–2 against Manchester United at Old Trafford to stay second in the league, now six points behind the leaders with just two more games to play.[91]

Ancelotti was sacked less than two hours after a 0–1 away defeat against Everton on 22 May 2011, Chelsea's last Premier League match of the season.[92] They had finished the 2010–11 Premier League in second place.[93] He reportedly received a severance payment of £6 million from Chelsea.[94] Ancelotti finished with a record of 67 wins, 20 draws and 22 losses in 109 matches.[95] Ancelotti's win percentage at Chelsea is the third-highest in Premier League history, behind only José Mourinho and Sir Alex Ferguson