بيرين سات

بيرين سات (مواليد 26 فبراير 1984) هي ممثلة تركية من نجوم الصف الأول في التلفزيون والأفلام السينمائية. ولدت ونشأت بيرين في أنقرة. لفتت بيرين انتباه تومريس غيريتلي أوغلو باعتبارها حاصلة على المرتبة الثانية في مسابقة نجوم تركيا التي انضمت إليها في فترة إلتحاقها بجامعة باشكنت. وهكذا بدأت مشوارها الفني في عالم التمثيل المهني. وكانت أولى تجاربها في التلفزيون التركي مسلسل نعم هناك حب الموت عام 2004، ثم اُسند إليها دور البطولة في مسلسل حكاية سمر، الذي أعده تومريس غريتلي أوغلو عام 2006/2005. وزادت شهرتها بعد ذلك من خلال لعبها لأدوار البطولة في مسلسلات عديدة هي مسلسل ياسمين (2006–2008)، العشق الممنوع (2008–2010)، ماذنب فاطمة جول؟ (2010–2012) ومسلسل انتقام (2013–2014). وتعرض مسلسل العشق الممنوع خاصة إلى العديد من الانتقادات المختلفة بين الحين والآخر وعلى الرغم من ذلك، فإنه سجل الرقم القياسي في المشاهدة وتم عرضه في كثير من الدول الأخرى بخلاف تركيا. وبالمثل تعرض مسلسل ماذنب فاطمة جول؟ (فاطمة) لكثير من الانتقادات ولكنه تم مدحه والإشادة به بفضل لفت الانتباه إلى حقوق المرأة.

شاركت بيرين أيضًا في العديد من الأفلام السينمائية بجانب المسلسلات التلفزيونيةوكان فيلم ألم الخريف هو أول أفلامها والذي تم عرضه في 2009، ثم قامت بالبطولة أيضًا في فيلم أجنحة الليل (2009)، موسم وحيد القرن (2012) وفيلم عالمى الخاص (2013). كما أنها شاركت في أفلام عديدة كمغنية بجانب تجسيدها لدور البطولة في الكثير من المسلسلات التى سجلت أرقام قياسية في نسبة مشاهدتها. وبصفة بيرين أنها ممثلة العام فقد كانت ضمن قائمة (الذين وضعوا بصمتهم لعام 2010) التي أعدتها جريدة راديكال. حصلت بيرين على العديد من الجوائز ومن ضمنها حصولها مرتين على جائزة الفراشة الذهبية. تزوجت بيرين من المغني كنعان دوغولو في عام 2014
السنوات الأولى من حياتها
وُلدت بيرين سات في يوم 26 فبراير 1984 في أنقرة، وهي الابنة الثانية لوالدها حسين عونى سات وزوجته ايلا. ولدى بيرين أخ أكبر منها بخمس سنوات واسمه جيم،والذي تخرج من اكاديمية الرياضة. أتمت بيرين دراستها الابتدائية،الأعدادية والثانية في أنقرة،التي نشأت فيها.وحينما كانت تدرس في مدرسة تيد العليا في أنقرة،شاركت في العديد من الأفلام الموسيقية. وقالت بيرين في إحدى المقابلات الصحفية أنها تغني وهي تحمل في يدها زجاجة مزيل العرق وتمثل الأدوار أمام المرآه،وتفكر وتقرأ كثيرا. وبدأت بيرين سات المتفوقة في دراستها،الدراسة في كلية التجارة(ادارة الاعمال)في جامعة باشكنت). وشرحت لصديقها في ذاك الوقت ايفا جوراي الذي لم يكن راضياً عن هذا القسم،وشاركت في مسابقة نجوم تركيا بمساعدته. وبعد الانتهاء من المسابقة التى حصلت منها على المرتبة الثانية،قدمت العديد من الإعلانات التجارية وأهمها إعلان السكر المُسمى ب"توفي" ومثلت في فيلم ترويجي(إعلاني)الذي أخرجه سنان شيتين، ثم لفتت انتباه تومريس جريتلي اوغلو وأخذت بمساعدته أول بطولة لها.

أعمالها الفنية
مسلسلي ياسمين والعشق الممنوع(2004:2008)
في2004،جسدت بيرين سات دور نرمين في مسلسل Aşkımızda Ölüm Var أي نعم هناك حب الموت،والتي كانت فيه أخت بيرفين التي جسدته الممثلة ايجا أوصلو،وقام بإخراج المسلسل كلا من نازيف تونش وأُميت ايفا. وفي2005،كانت بطولتها الأولى في مسلسل Aşka Sürgün أي حب في المنفى والمعروف في الدول العربية باسم حكاية سمر،الذي قام بإخراجه جمال شان واعدّه تومريس جريتلي اوغلو،وشاركها في البطولة الممثل محسن كيرميزيجول،وجسدت فيه بيرين دور زيلان شاهفار عزيز اوغلو. شاركت مرة أخرى في مشروع تومريس جريتلي اوغلو عند حلول عام 2006 عقب انتهاء المسلسل الذي استمر لموسمين.أمامسلسل Hatırla Sevgili أي تذكر ياعزيزي والمعروف بأسم ياسمين الذي اخرجه كلا من أومو برهان وفاروق طبر،وقام بكتابته كلا من سبنيم تشيتاك ونيلغون أونيش،وشاركها في بطولته الممثل جانسيل إلتشين واوكان يالابيك.ويسرد هذا المسلسل الأحداث السياسية التي كانت جارية في تركيا من عام1950:1970،وجسدت فيه بيرين دور ياسمين أونسال،وحصل هذا المسلسل على نجاح عظيم في فترة عرضه. ووصف الممثل جانسيل إلتشين بيرين سات في إحدى المقابلات الصحفية أنها"فنانة مبدعة". في 2007،شاركت في مسلسل Avrupa Yakası أى الضفة الأوروبية كضيفة شرف في الحلقة 121. في عام 2008،قامت بيرين سات بدور البطولة في مسلسل Aşk-ı Memnu أى العشق الممنوع،المسلسل الذي حقق اليوم شهرة كبيرة في بلدان كثيرة،وهو مقتبس عن رواية تركية شهيرة بالإسم نفسه للكاتب خالد ضياءأوشاكليجيل،وشاركها البطولة الممثل كيفانتش تاتليتوغ و سلجوق يونتام والممثلة هازل كايا، ويروي هذا المسلسل قصة سمر(بيهتار في النسخة التركية)،التي تعيش قصة حب محرمة تصل إلى العشق مع مهند(بهلول في النسخة التركية)الذي يجسده الممثل كيفانتش تاتليتوغ،وهو ابن أخ زوجها عدنان الذي يجسده الممثل سلجوق يونتام.وقد حقق المسلسل أكبر نسبة مشاهدة في تاريخ التلفزيون التركي على الرغم من كثرة ردود الفعل التي صدرت ضده.وشاهد حلقة الوداع(الحلقة الأخيرة)في مسلسل العشق الممنوع ثلاثة من كل أربع أشخاص، وأشاد جميع النقاد اداء بيرين سات في هذا المشهد وسجل مشهد انتحار بيهتار في المسلسل الرقم القياسي في المشاهدة حيث وصل معدل المشاهدة إلى73.7%. علّقت الممثلة السينمائية التركية سيلدا آلكور على اداء بيرين سات في الحلقة الأخيرة من المسلسل قائلةً"أنني حقا أُهنيء بيرين على أدائها الرائع للغاية في هذه الحلقة،واعتقد أنها ستكون من أهم الممثلات في الساحة الفنية لسنوات عديدة مثلنا،ونالت إعجابى الحلقة الأخيرة". وأصبح المسلسل واحد من المسلسلات التى تم شكواها للمجلس الأعلى للتلفزيون والإذاعة في فترة عرضه،وقد استقبله بعض الوزراء بردود فعل سلبية ومن ضمنهم وزير الثقافة والسياحة. وحظت بيرين على شهرة كبيرة في الشرق الأوسط واوروبا من خلال عرض المسلسل في خارج وطنها. اجتمع الكثير من الناس في وسائل الاعلام الاجتماعية في العام التالي فيما يتعلق بوفاة بهيتار في الحقلة الأخيرة التي تم عرضها في 26 يونيو 2010؛وذلك من أجل ذكرى وفاتها السنوية في المسلسل وتبادلوا العديد من الرسائل. أرادت قناة تلفزيونية عمل شريط وثائقي عن حياة الفنانة بيرين سات وذلك لشهرتها الكبيرة في مصر،وأجرت مقابلة صحفية مع حمدى آلكان عضو لجنة تحكيم مسابقة نجوم تركيا في اسطنبول للشريط الوثائقي،وبالفعل تم الحصول على معلومات عن بيرين سات بالتفصيل. وأصبحت بيرين ممثلة العام شائعة الصيت في البحوث التي أجراها مركز الرصد الاعلامي في نهاية عام 2010،والذي يهدف لظهور الممثلين ومسلسلاتهم الأكثر شهرة لهذا العام. وشاركت باعتبارها ممثلة العام في القائمة"الذين وَسَموا لعام 2010"التي أعدّها راديكالي. وقالت بيرين في إحدى المقابلات الصفحية فيما يتعلق بدور (بيهتار )التي جسدته في مسلسل العشق الممنوع علمني كثيرا ماكتبه كتّاب السيناريست بخصوص حالة بيهتار النفسية". وفازت بيرين بجائزة الفراشة الذهبية لعامين على التوالي عن دورها في هذا المسلسل.تم بيع سيناريو المسلسل عقب إنتهائه للايطاليا في 2010 وللولايات المتحدة الأمريكية في 2012،واُعيد تصوير المسلسل مرة أخرى في هاتين الدولتين.

أفلامها السينمائية ومسلسل ما ذنب فاطمة جول؟(2009-2012)
أول تجارب بيرين سات في السينما هو فيلم آلام الخريف،الذي قام بإخراجه تومريس جريتلي اوغلو وشاركها البطولة كلا من الممثل مراد يلدرم،اوكان يالابيك وبلسم بيلغين،وتم عرض الفيلم في 2009،وجسدت بيرين فيه دور الفتاة اليونانية(إيلينا). أما في فيلم Gecenin Kanatlarıأى أجنحة الليل قامت بتجسيد دور(جيجا)وهو للمخرج سيردار أكار وللكاتب محسون قرمز غل،وشاركها البطولة الممثل مراد أنالمش،يافوز بينجول وأركان بتك قايا. وقد تم التحدث كثيراً عن رؤية صدر بيرين سات في مشهد الجنس التي مثلته مع مراد أنالمش،مجال للحديث ولم ترض بيرين بوجود هذه الصور ضمن لقطات الإعلان عن الفيم؛لذلك لم تحضر ليلة العرض الأول للفيلم،ورفع منتج الفيلم دعوى على بيرين سات بموجب العقد المبرم بينهما.وفي 2013،تنازل منتج الفيلم عن الدعوى. وأدّت بيرين صوت باربي باللغة التركية في فيلمOyuncak Hikayesi 3 أى حكاية لعبة3،والذي حقق أيضا أعلى إيردات في العالم لعام2010. في صيف عام 2010،قامت بعمل إعلان عن شيبسي اسمه(باتوس)،وأصبح الإعلان مجال للحديث حيث زادت نسبة مبيعات هذا الشيبسي بنسبة 45%. وفي 2011،شاركت أيضاً في فيلم ترويجي من أجل شيبسي باتوس.وبالإضافة إلى ذلك،قامت في نفس هذه الآونه بعمل إعلان عن ريكسونا(مزيل للعرق). 20 في سبتمبر 2010،جسدت بيرين شخصية (فاطمة جول ريتانجي ايلجاز)في مسلسل ماذنب فاطمة جول؟المقتبس من سيناريو فيلم انتاج 1986 للكاتب Vedat Türkali،واُسند اخراج المسلسل للمخرجة هلال سيرال وكتبه كلا من اجى يورانتش وملك جينش اوغلو،وشاركها البطولة في المسلسل الممثل انجين أكيوريك وهوصديقها مذُ مسابقة نجوم تركيا، وشارك أيضاً في المسلسل فراد جليك،موسى اوزونلار،سردار جوكهان ودينيز توركالي.وسجل المسلسل أرقام قياسية في المشاهدة.((الذي تكلم كثيرا عن مشهد الاغتصاب الدراماتيكي الذي تم في الحقلة الأولى،الرقم القياسي في المشاهدة)).يعتبر المسسلسل أحد المسلسلات التي قدمت أفضل بداية في السنوات الأخيرة بنسبة الشعبية التي حصل عليها بعد عرض الحلقة الأولى.وتلقت بيرين دعم نفسي مع بعض أصدقاء الدور قبل مشهد الاغتصاب. ويعتبر مسلسل فاطمة أول مسلسل يتم مناقشته في البرلمان التركي بسبب مشاهد الجنس الذي يحتويها المسلسل،وانطلقت الحملات لإيقاف عرضه. أعلن بعض نواب المجلس الاتحادي الألماني دعمهم للمسلسل من خلال بيان مكتوب لأنه يركز على حقوق المرأة. وبدأت بيرين سات بعد بداية عرض المسلسل في خارج وطنها،بالظهور في أغلفة المجلات الصادرة في مختلف البلدان. حوّل موقع انترنت شخصية فاطمة جول التي جسدتها بيرين في المسلسل،إلى لعبة كمبيوتر ونشرها على الانترنت،واحتلت اللعبة التي هى عبارة عن أحداً ما يجعل بيرين ترتدي من الدولاب الأشياء التي بداخله كالملابس،حذاءوبروكة شعر،مكان في الصف الأول من بين الألعاب الأكثر لعباً في فترة نشرها على النت. تم ترشيح بيرين سات لجائزة أفضل ممثلة دراما في جوائز التلفزيون في أنطاليا عن دورها في المسلسل. في أواخر عام2012،قامت بتمثيل فيلم Gergedan Mevsimi أى موسم وحيد القرن الذي أخرجه المخرج الإيراني باهمان غوباى وقام أيضاً بكتابة السيناريو وجسدت فيه بيرين دور بوسا أبنة مونيكا بيلوتشي في الفيلم.وشارك في الفيلم بعض الممثلين الإيرانيين مثل الممثل أراش والممثل بهروز وتوفي بجانب الممثلين الأتراك مثل بلسم بيلغين،يلماز أردوغان وجانير جيندوروك. كان العرض الأول للفيلم في مهرجان تورونتو السينمائي الدولي،وقامت بتأدية صوت شخصية(مريدا)باللغة التركية في الفيلم الكرتوني المُسمى بأسطورة مريدا وهو من انتاج بيكسار،والذي تم عرضه لأول مرة في شهر سبتمبر لعام 2012.

2013-حتى الآن:مسلسل انتقام،فيلم عالمي الخاص ومسلسل السلطانة كوسيم
في أواخر عام2012،قبلت بيرين سات العرض المعروض عليها بتمثيل مسلسل تركي مقتبس من مسلسل أمريكى اسمه الانتقام،وبالفعل عادت بيرين إلى الشاشة التركية بعد ستة شهور بمسلسل الانتقام. وتلقت دروس خاصة في فن القتال لدورها في المسلسل وجسدت فيه دور يامور أوزدين/درين تشليك،وشاركها في البطولة الممثل إيغيت أوزينير،ميرت فرات،ظافر ألغوز،آرزو جامزه كيلينتش وانجين هبيليري،وتم عرضه في شهر يناير 2013.وفي صيف 2013،شاركت في بطولة فيلم Benim Dünyam أي عالمي الخاص مع الممثل القدير أُوغور يوجيل وهو نفسه مخرج العمل،والفيلم مقتبس أيضاً من الفيلم الهندي (أسود). وتجسد بيرين في الفيلم فتاة صماءوعمياء اسمها(إيلا بايندر)فتنشأ في عالم مليء بالسواد والغموض والظلمة،ولكن معلمها لم يترك الدنيا تهزمها فعمل على تعليمها أبجديات ومفردات الكتابة والقراءة.شاركت الممثلة الطفلة ميليس موتلوتش في الفيلم بجانب كلا من تورجاى كانتورك،أيجا بنجول وهازار ارجوتشلو. علاوة على ذلك،في 2013 قامت بعمل إعلان عن Duru Perfume Duş Jeli،وشاركت أيضاً في فيلم ترويجي الذي تم تصويره في غضون يومين بجودة فيلم روائي طويل. تداولت الأخبار في الصحف التركية بأنه تم الاتفاق مع نجمة من النجمات مثل بيرغوزار كوريل،توبا بيوكستون،هازل كايا و بيرين سات لتجسيد دور السلطانة كوسيم في مسلسل يحمل نفس الاسم،أنه تم عرضه عليهم ، ولكن أتضح في شهر يونيو 2015 أن الممثلة المشهورة بيرين سات هي من تقوم بتجسيد (السلطانة كوسيم). وإشترك مع بيرين في المسلسل كلا من هوليا أوشار،مته هوروزأوغلي،فكرت كوشكان وإركان كولتشاك كوستينديل. في شهر يوليو 2015،اجتمعت بيرين مع زوجها كنعان دوغلو لأول مرة في فيلم إعلاني عن أرسيليك.غنى كنعان دوغلو الأغنية التي لحنها خصيصاً للإعلان الذي بدأ بالمشهد البديهي التي قامت به بيرين.مجدداً في شهر يوليو 2015،قامت بتأدية صوت شخصية Scarlet Overkill(سكارليت اوفيركيل)في فيلم Herb Overkill(حرب اوفيركيل).وغنى زوجها المبدع كنعان دوغلو أغنية Herb Overkill التي في فيلم Herb Overkill الذي سيعرض في سبتمبر 2015 في تركيا.

حياتها الشخصية
إرتبطت بيرين سات مع المطرب كنعان دوغلو منذ عام 2012، وتمت خطبتهما في يوم 23 فبراير 2014، وتزوجا في مدينة لوس أنجلوس في الولايات المتحدة الامريكية في تاريخ 29 يوليو 2014.

أعمالها الخيرية
إشتركت بيرين سات في العديد من مشاريع المسئولية الاجتماعية.في 2011،تبرعت بما كسبته من إعلان ريكسونا وهو مايقدر ب 100ألف ليرة تركية إلى جمعية مور تشاتِ(Mor Çatı). في شهر نوفمبر 2012،قامت بيرين بتصميم قميص لمجلة(إيلا)التي يحمل غلافها صورة بيرين دون مكياج،وتم عرض هذه القمصان للبيع في محلات(نيت وارك)وتم التبرع بأرباح البيع إلى مشروع حبوب الرمان(Nar Taneleri)الذي يساهم في تعليم البنات من عمر18-24 سنة في الدول النامية. وقد اعدت بيرين سات نفسها للتصوير مع طفلة مريضة باللوكيميا ومرتدية بدلة بياض الثلج(سنوو وايت) لاستخدامها في صفحة شهر يناير في التقويم(جدول زمني)والتي تُعرض للبيع وتُمنح أرباحها لLÖSEV(مؤسسة لمساعدة أطفال اللوكيميا)،والتي قامت Trendus.com بتجهيزه في شهر ديسمبر لنفس العام. علاوة على ذلك،نصحت بيرين سات السيدات الأفغانستيات في مشروع "أنجبوا أطفالكم في مؤسسات صحية"الذي حققته الاتحاد الأوروبي و وزارة الصحة في أفغانستان. قامت بيرين بأداء صوت في الفيلم الترويجي التابع لحملة"أرسلني يا بابا إلى المدرسة"الذي قام أزان أتشيكتان بإخراجه في سبتمبر 2014.

انمار الحائلي

اسمه الكامل انمار بن عبد الله الحائلى هو رئيس مجلس اداره نادى الاتحاد السعودى

التعليم ومكان الميلاد
اتولد فى السعوديه فى جده و عاش فى جده.

The Witcher

The Witcher is an American fantasy drama web television series created by Lauren Schmidt Hissrich for Netflix. It is based on the book series of the same name by Polish writer Andrzej Sapkowski. The series premiered on Netflix on December 20, 2019. A second season was announced on November 13, 2019.
Premise
The Witcher follows the story of Geralt of Rivia, a solitary monster hunter, who struggles to find his place in a world where people often prove more wicked than beasts. But when destiny hurtles him toward a powerful sorceress, and a young princess with a dangerous secret, the three must learn to navigate the increasingly volatile Continent together.[6]

Cast and characters
Main
Henry Cavill as Geralt of Rivia
Freya Allan as Princess Ciri
Anya Chalotra as Yennefer of Vengerberg
Jodhi May as Queen Calanthe
Björn Hlynur Haraldsson as King Eist Tuirseach
Adam Levy as Mousesack
MyAnna Buring as Tissaia de Vries
Mimi Ndiweni as Fringilla Vigo
Therica Wilson-Read as Sabrina Glevissig
Emma Appleton as Princess Renfri[7]
Recurring
Eamon Farren as Cahir
Joey Batey as Jaskier
Lars Mikkelsen as Stregobor
Royce Pierreson as Istredd
Maciej Musiał as Sir Lazlo
Wilson Radjou-Pujalte as Dara
Anna Shaffer as Triss Merigold
Mia McKenna-Bruce as Marilka
Packy Lee as Nohorn
Luke Neal as Vyr
Matthew Neal as Nimir
Tobi Bamtefa as Danek
Sonny Serkis as Martin
Roderick Hill as Fletcher
Inge Beckmann as Aridea
Charlotte O'Leary as Tiffania
Natasha Culzac as Toruviel
Amit Shah as Torque
Tom Canton as Filavandrel
Development
Andrzej Sapkowski's The Witcher book series was almost adapted into a standalone Netflix film but Kelly Luegenbiehl, Vice President International Originals at Netflix, dissuaded the producers. She recalled asking them, "How can you take eight novels and just turn it into a film? There's so much material here. Through a number of conversations, the producers got really excited about the idea of using the source material for a longer-running series."[8] In May 2017, Netflix announced the start of production on an English-language drama TV series based on the books.[9][10]

In December 2017, it was reported that Lauren Schmidt Hissrich would serve as showrunner on the show.[11] In April 2018, Schmidt Hissrich revealed that the script for the pilot episode was finished, the first season would be eight episodes long.[12] In 2017, it was reported that Andrzej Sapkowski would serve as a creative consultant on the show, but in January 2018, Sapkowski denied any direct involvement.[13] However, he met with Schmidt Hissrich in April 2018[14][15] and in May 2018 she stated that Sapkowski is on the creative team of the project.[16] Alik Sakharov is a director and Andrew Laws a production designer on the show.[17][18]

A second season was announced on November 13, 2019

نادي إيفرتون

نادي إيفرتون (بالإنجليزية: Everton Football Club) هو نادي كرة قدم إنجليزي محترف، تأسس الفريق في عام 1878 تحت مسمى "St. Domingo FC"، بمدينة ليفربول، في إقليم الميرسيسايد بإنجلترا. يَشتَهر الفريق بألوانه الزرقاء، لهذا يكنى بلقب "البلوز" (بالإنجليزية: The Blues) (بالعربية: الزُرق). ويلعب الفريق حاليّاً في الدوري الإنجليزي الممتاز.

شارك الفريق في أول بطولة للدوري الإنجليزي عام 1888. فاز بالدوري أول مرة في موسم 1890-91. ثم توالت إنجازاته المحلية ليصبح واحداً من نخبة الأندية الإنجليزية، حيث فار الفريق بلقب الدوري الإنجليزي الممتاز في 9 مناسبات آخرها في موسم 1986–87، وفار كذلك بلقب درع الاتحاد الإنجليزيفي 9 مناسبات آخرها في موسم 1995، وبلقب كأس الاتحاد الإنجليزي في 5 مناسبات آخرها في موسم 1985. أما على المستوى الأوروبي، فقد فاز الفريق ببطولة أوروبية واحدة وهي بطولة كأس الكؤوس الأوروبية في موسم 1984–85، ليجمع بين ثنائية الدوري والللقب الأوروبي.

يلعب نادي إيفرتون كل مبارياته الرسمية في ملعب غوديسون بارك (بالإنجليزية: Goodison Park)، والذي يتسع لحضور 39,221 متفرج. يعتبر نادي ليفربول الغريم التاريخي لنادي ليفربول، حيث يجمع بينهما مباراة ديربي شهيرة تعرف بديربي الميرسيسايد، والذي يمثل ديربي بين أفضل فريقين في مدينة ليفربول.
تاريخ النادي
البدايات
تم تأسيس إيفرتون في عام 1878 تحت مسمي "st. Domingo Fc".تم تغيير اسم النادي إلى إيفرتون في نوفمبر 1879.وفاز بأول بطولة الدوري في موسم 1890-1891. فاز إيفرتون بكأس الاتحاد الإنجليزي للمرة الأولى في عام 1906 وبطولة الدوري مرة أخرى في 1914-15. عند اندلاع الحرب العالمية الأولى في عام 1914 توقف نشاط كرة القدم بينما كان إيفرتون البطل. في عام 1925 وقع النادي مع ديكسي دين من ترانمير روفرز. في عام 1927-28، كان قد سجل في الدوري الممتاز في موسم واحد 60 هدفا في 39 مباريات في الدوري، وهو رقم قياسي لا يزال قائما. وساعد إيفرتون على الفوز ببطولة الدوري الثالثة.ومع ذلك، هبط إيفرتون إلى الدرجة الثانية بعد عامين بسبب الاضطرابات الداخلية في النادي. انتعش النادي بسرعة وتأهل الي الدوري الممتاز ا، في حين سجل رقما قياسيا من الأهداف في الدرجة الثانية. على العودة في 1931-32، لم يضيع إيفرتون أي وقت في إعادة تأكيد جدارتهم وفاز بالبطولة الرابعة. كما فاز ايفرتون بكأس الاتحاد الإنجليزي الثاني في عام 1933 بفوز 3-0 على مانشستر سيتي في المباراة النهائية. وفاز بالدوري لموسم 1938-39 و بطولة الدوري الخامسة.

بعد الحرب العالمية
وشهدت فترة اندلاع الحرب العالمية الثانية مرة أخرى توقف نشاط كرة القدم وعندما استؤنفت المنافسة في عام 1946، كان فريق إيفرتون قد قل مستواه كثيرآ. وقد هبط ايفرتون للمرة الثانية في الفترة 1950-1951 ولم يتأهل للدوري الممتاز حتي موسم 1953-1955. بدأ إيفرتون عصرآ جديدا من النجاح عندما تم تعيين هاري كاتريك مديرا في عام 1961. في موسم 1962-63، الموسم الثاني له، فاز إيفرتون ببطولة الدوري السادسة.في عام 1966 فاز النادي بكأس الاتحاد الإنجليزي بفوزه 3-2 على شيفيلد وينسداي.وصل إيفرتون مرة أخرى إلى المباراة النهائية في عام 1968ولكن هذه المرة لم يتمكن من التغلب على وست بروميتش ألبيون في استاد ويمبلي.بعد موسمين في 1969-70، فاز إيفرتون ببطولة الدوري، حيث أنهى الموسم بفارق تسع نقاط من أقرب منافسيه ليدز يونايتد.

الجيل الذهبي
تولى هوارد كيندال منصب المدير الفني لإيفرتون . على الصعيد المحلي، فاز إيفرتون بكأس الاتحاد الإنجليزي في عام 1984 وبطولتين دوري في 1984-85 و 1986-87. في أوروبا، فاز النادي بأول كأس أوروبي، وحتى الآن، من خلال الفوز بكأس الكؤوس الأوروبية في عام 1985 هزم ايفرتون فريق بايرن ميونيخ 3-1 في الدور نصف النهائي،وسجل نفس النتيجة على الفريق النمساوي ربييد فينا. بعد كارثة ملعب هيسيل والحظر اللاحق لجميع الاندية الإنجليزية من كرة القدم القارية، خسر ايفرتون فرصة للتنافس على المزيد من الجوائز الأوروبية.انتقل مدرب الفريق الي أثليتيك بلباو بعد و خلفه مساعده كولين هارفي.وصل هارفي بايفرتون إلى نهائي كأس الاتحاد الإنجليزي 1989، لكنه خسر 3-2 من ليفربول.

وكان إيفرتون من الأعضاء مؤسسين في الدوري الممتاز في عام 1992، ولكن كافح من أجل العثور على المدير الفني المناسب للفريق.كان هوارد كيندال قد عاد في عام 1990، لكنه لم يتمكن من تكرار نجاحه السابق. خلفه، مايك ووكر، كان إحصائيا الأقل نجاحا بين مديرين إيفرتون حتى الآن. عندما تولى لاعب إيفرتون السابق جو رويل في عام 1994، بدأ شكل النادي في التحسن. كانت أول مباراة له هي فوز 2-0 على ليفربول. وانقذ رويل ايفرتون من الهبوط وقاد النادي إلى كأس الاتحاد الإنجليزي للمرة الخامسة في تاريخه بفوزه على مانشستر يونايتد 1-0 في المباراة النهائية. وكان انتصار الكأس أيضا جواز سفر إيفرتون إلى كأس الكؤوس اللاوربية. واستمر التقدم تحت رويل في 1995-1996، حيث حصل علي المركز السادس في الدوري الممتاز.لكنه حصل علي المركز الخامس عشر في الموسم التالي فقد رأى رويل الاستقالة هي الأفضل في ذلك الوقت، واستبدل مؤقتا بديف واتسون.

تم تعيين هوارد كيندال مدير إيفرتون للمرة الثالثة في عام 1997، ولكن لم يثبت جدارته كما أنهى إيفرتون في المركز السابع عشر في الدوري الممتاز. النادي تجنب فقط الهبوط بسبب فرق الاهداف متفوقآ علي بولتون واندررز. ثم تولى مدير رينجرز السابق والتر سميث منصب كندال في صيف عام 1998، لكنه تمكن من إدارة الفريق لثلاثة مواسم متتالية في النصف الاسفل من الجدول.ونفذ صبر مجلس إدارة إيفرتون مع سميث، وأقيل في مارس 2002 بعد الخروج من كأس الاتحاد الإنجليزي من ميدلسبره تم استبداله ب ديفيد مويس.

الألفية الجديدة
في 2002-2003، انهي إيفرتون الدوري في المركز السابع، الذي كان أعلى إنجاز للفريق منذ عام 1996. وكان تحت إدارة مويس دخل الاعب المتميز واين روني الفريق الأول قبل أن يتم بيعه إلى مانشستر يونايتد مقابل 28 مليون جنيه استرليني في صيف عام 2004 .انهي إيفرتون الدوري في المركز الرابع في الفترة 2004-2005، تأهل ايفرتون لدوري أبطال أوروبا. وفشل الفريق في الوصول إلى مرحلة المجموعات في دوري أبطال أوروبا. تأهل إيفرتون للمشاركة في مسابقات كأس الاتحاد الأوروبي لكرة القدم 2007-2008 و 2008-09، وكان الوصيف في نهائي كأس الاتحاد الإنجليزي 2009.

وفي نهاية موسم 2012-13، ترك مويس منصبه في إيفرتون ليتولى منصبه في مانشستر يونايتد. وحل محله روبرتو مارتينيز، الذي قاد إيفرتون إلى المركز الخامس في الدوري الممتاز في موسمه الأول. في الموسم التالي، قاد مارتينيز إيفرتون إلى دور 16 من دوري ابطال أوروبا لكرة القدم 2014-15، حيث خسروا من قبل دينامو كييف، في حين أنهى محليا في المركز ال 11 في الدوري الممتاز بعد سوء أداء الشكل في الدوري الممتاز، أقيل مارتينيز بعد المباراة قبل الأخيرة من الموسم، مع إيفرتون في المركز 12.وقد حل محله في الصيف رونالد كومان الذي غادر نادي ساوثامبتون لتوقيع عقد لمدة 3 سنوات مع إيفرتون.

أنهى كومان موسمه الأول مع الفريق في المركز السابع في الدوري الإنجليزي وتأهل لملحق الدوري الأوروبي ونجح في التأهل لدور المجموعات، في صيف 2017 قام كومان بثورة في الفريق وأعلن الاستغناء عن هداف الفريق روميلو لوكاكو لنادي مانشستر يونايتد بمبلغ ضخم وصل إلى 75 مليون جنيه إسترليني، وقام بمفاجأة الجميع بإعلان التعاقد مع نجم الفريق السابق واين روني بمبلغ 20 مليون جنيه إسترليني، وتعاقد مع العديد من اللاعبين مثل غيلفي سيغوردسون من سوانزي سيتي مقابل 35 مليون جنيه إسترليني، دافي كلاسن من أياكس أمستردام مقابل 25 مليون جنيه إسترليني، الحارس جوردان بيكفورد من نادي سندرلاند مقابل 10 مليون جنيه إسترليني، والمهاجم ساندرو راميريز من نادي ملقا مقابل 25 مليون جنيه إسترليني والعديد من اللاعبين الآخرين، ووصل إجمالي مبلغ التعاقدات إلى 140 مليون جنيه إسترليني. السقوط بالفريق لمنطقة الهبوط في الدوري الإنجليزي وتحديدا في المركز السابع عشر، أيضا الخروج من دور المجموعات في الدوري الأوروبي والخلافات المتكررة مع الإدارة كل ذلك كان كفيل بإعلان الفريق إقالة كومان في أكتوبر 2017، وتم تعيين ديفيد أنسورث مؤقتا لإنقاذ ما يمكن إنقاذه. استطاع أنسورث تجاوز مناطق الهبوط والصعود بالفريق للمركز الحادي عشر في الدوري لكنه خرج من كأس كارباو على يد تشيلسي، في منتصف نوفمبر 2017 أعلن الفريق تعيين سام ألاردايس لخلافة كومان.

في شتاء 2018 قام ألاردايس بثورة أخرى في الفريق وأعلن الاستغناء عن كلا من روس باركلي لنادي تشيلسي مقابل 15 مليون جنيه أسترليني، آرون لينون لنادي بيرنلي مقابل 10 ملايين جنيه إسترليني، وقام بإعارة كل من المهاجم ساندرو راميريز إلى نادي إشبيلية وهنري أونيكورو إلى نادي أندرلخت ومحمد بشيتش إلى نادي ميدلزبره و أديمولا لوكمان إلى نادي لايبزيغ والتعاقد مع المهاجم التركي جنك توسون من نادي بشيكتاش مقابل 28 مليون يورو والتعاقد مع ثيو والكوت من نادي آرسنال مقابل 30 مليون جنيه إسترليني في صفقة مفاجئة للجماهير. أنهى ألاردايس موسمه في المركز الثامن في الدوري وخروج من كأس الإتحاد الإنجليزي على يد الغريم نادي ليفربول، لكن الجماهير والإدارة لم يكونوا راضيين عن آداء الفريق. في منتصف مايو 2018 أعلن الفريق إقالة ألاردايس وتعيين المدرب البرتغالي ماركو سيلفا كمدرب للفريق.
إنجازات الفريق
المحلية
الدوري الإنجليزي الممتاز:
البطل (9): 1890–91, 1914–15, 1927–28, 1931–32, 1938–39, 1962–63, 1969–70, 1984–85, 1986–87
الوصيف (7): 1889–90, 1894–95, 1901–02, 1904–05, 1908–09, 1911–12, 1985–86
الدوري الإنجليزي الدرجة الأولى/الدوري الإنجليزي الدرجة الثانية:
البطل (1): 1931
كأس الاتحاد الإنجليزي:
البطل (5): 1906، 1933، 1966، 1984، 1985
الوصيف (8): 1896–97, 2008–09, 1988–89, 1985–86, 1984–85, 1906–07, 1967–68, 1892–93
درع الاتحاد الإنجليزي:
البطل (9):1928, 1932, 1963, 1970, 1984, 1985, 1986*, 1987, 1995
الوصيف (2): 1933, 1966
كأس كل الأعضاء (Full Members Cup):
الوصيف (2):1989, 1991
كأس سوبر دوري كرة القدم:
الوصيف (1):1985–86
الأوروبية
كأس الكؤوس الأوروبية:
البطل (1): 1985
الثنائية
موسم 1984–85: ثنائية الدوري الإنجليزي وكأس الكؤوس الأوروبية

Everton

Everton Football Club (/ˈɛvərtən/) is an English professional football club based in Liverpool that competes in the Premier League, the top tier of English football. The club has competed in the top division for a record 116 seasons, missing the top division only four times (1930–31, 1951–52, 1952–53, and 1953–54) since The Football League was created in 1888. The club has won the League Championship nine times (fourth most), the FA Cup five times (ninth most), and the UEFA Cup Winners Cup once.

Formed in 1878, Everton was a founding member of The Football League in 1888 and won its first League Championship two seasons later. Following four League Championship and two FA Cup wins, Everton experienced a lull in the immediate post World War II period, until a revival in the 1960s saw the club win two League Championships and an FA Cup. The mid-1980s represented its most recent period of sustained success, with two League Championships, an FA Cup, and the 1985 European Cup Winners' Cup. The club's most recent major trophy was the 1995 FA Cup.

The club's supporters are known as Evertonians. Everton has a rivalry with Liverpool, and the two sides contest the Merseyside derby. The club has been based at Goodison Park in Walton since 1892, after moving from Anfield following a disagreement over its rent. The club's home colours are royal blue shirts with white shorts and socks.
Everton were founded as St Domingo FC in 1878[2][3] so that members of the congregation of St Domingo Methodist New Connexion Chapel in Breckfield Road North, Everton could play sport year round – cricket was played in summer. The club's first game was a 1–0 victory over Everton Church Club.[4] The club was renamed Everton in November 1879 after the local area, as people outside the congregation wished to participate.[4][5]

The club was a founding member of the Football League in 1888–89 and won their first League Championship title in the 1890–91 season. Everton won the FA Cup for the first time in 1906 and the League Championship again in 1914–15. The outbreak of the First World War in 1914 interrupted the football programme while Everton were champions, which was something that would again occur in 1939
It was not until 1927 that Everton's first sustained period of success began. In 1925 the club signed Dixie Dean from Tranmere Rovers. In 1927–28, Dean set the record for top-flight league goals in a single season with 60 goals in 39 league games, which is a record that still stands. He helped Everton win their third League Championship that season.[8] However, Everton were relegated to the Second Division two years later during internal turmoil at the club. The club quickly rebounded and was promoted at the first attempt, while scoring a record number of goals in the Second Division. On return to the top flight in 1931–32, Everton wasted no time in reaffirming their status and won a fourth League Championship at the first opportunity.[9][10] Everton also won their second FA Cup in 1933 with a 3–0 win against Manchester City in the final. The era ended in 1938–39 with a fifth League Championship
The outbreak of the Second World War again saw the suspension of league football, and when official competition resumed in 1946, the Everton team had been split up and paled in comparison to the pre-war team. Everton were relegated for the second time in 1950–51 and did not earn promotion until 1953–54, when they finished as runners-up in their third season in the Second Division. The club has been a top-flight presence ever since.
Everton's second successful era started when Harry Catterick was made manager in 1961. In 1962–63, his second season in charge, Everton won the League Championship.[14] In 1966 the club won the FA Cup with a 3–2 win over Sheffield Wednesday.[15] Everton again reached the final in 1968, but this time were unable to overcome West Bromwich Albion at Wembley.[16] Two seasons later in 1969–70, Everton won the League Championship, finishing nine points clear of nearest rivals Leeds United.[17] During this period, Everton were the first English club to achieve five consecutive years in European competitions – covering the seasons from 1961–62 to 1966–67.[18]

However, the success did not last; the team finished fourteenth, fifteenth, seventeenth and seventh in the following seasons. Harry Catterick retired, but his successors failed to win any silverware for the remainder of the 1970s despite finishing fourth in 1974–75 under manager Billy Bingham, third in 1977–78 and fourth the following season under manager Gordon Lee. Lee was sacked in 1981
Howard Kendall took over as manager and guided Everton to their most successful era. Domestically, Everton won the FA Cup in 1984 and two League Championships in 1984–85 and 1986–87. In Europe, the club won its first, and so far only, European trophy by securing the European Cup Winners' Cup in 1985.[20] The European success came after first beating University College Dublin, Inter Bratislava and Fortuna Sittard. Then, Everton defeated German giants Bayern Munich 3–1 in the semi-finals, despite trailing at half time (in a match voted the greatest in Goodison Park history), and recorded the same scoreline over Austrian club Rapid Vienna in the final.[21] Having won both the League and Cup Winners' Cup in 1985, Everton came very close to winning a treble, but lost to Manchester United in the FA Cup final.[20] The following season, 1985–86, Everton were runners-up to neighbours Liverpool in both the League and the FA Cup, but did recapture the League Championship in 1986–87.

After the Heysel Stadium disaster and the subsequent ban of all English clubs from continental football, Everton lost the chance to compete for more European trophies. A large proportion of the title-winning side was broken up following the ban. Kendall himself moved to Athletic Bilbao after the 1987 title triumph and was succeeded by assistant Colin Harvey. Harvey took Everton to the 1989 FA Cup Final, but lost 3–2 after extra time to Liverpool.

Everton were founding members of the Premier League in 1992, but struggled to find the right manager. Howard Kendall had returned in 1990, but could not repeat his previous success. His successor, Mike Walker, was statistically the least successful Everton manager to date. When former Everton player Joe Royle took over in 1994, the club's form started to improve; his first game in charge was a 2–0 victory over derby rivals Liverpool. Royle dragged Everton clear of relegation and led the club to the FA Cup for the fifth time in its history by defeating Manchester United 1–0 in the final. The cup triumph was also Everton's passport to the Cup Winners' Cup – their first European campaign in the post-Heysel era. Progress under Royle continued in 1995–96 as they climbed to sixth place in the Premiership.[20] A fifteenth-place finish the following season saw Royle resign towards the end of the campaign, and he was temporarily replaced by club captain Dave Watson.

Howard Kendall was appointed Everton manager for the third time in 1997, but the appointment proved unsuccessful as Everton finished seventeenth in the Premiership. The club only avoided relegation due to their superior goal difference over Bolton Wanderers. Former Rangers manager Walter Smith then took over from Kendall in the summer of 1998, but only managed three successive finishes in the bottom half of the table.[20] The Everton board finally ran out of patience with Smith, and he was sacked in March 2002 after an FA Cup exit at Middlesbrough and with Everton in real danger of relegation.[22] His replacement, David Moyes, guided Everton to a safe finish in fifteenth place.[23][24]

In 2002–03 Everton finished seventh, which was their highest finish since 1996. It was under Moyes' management that Wayne Rooney broke into the first team before being sold to Manchester United for a club record fee of £28 million in the summer of 2004.[25] A fourth-place finish in 2004–05 ensured that Everton qualified for the UEFA Champions League qualifying round. The team failed to make it through to the Champions League group stage and were then eliminated from the UEFA Cup. Everton qualified for the 2007–08[26] and 2008–09 UEFA Cup competitions, and they were runners-up in the 2009 FA Cup Final. During this period, Moyes broke the club record for highest transfer fee paid on four occasions: signing James Beattie for £6 million in January 2005,[27] Andy Johnson for £8.6 million in summer 2006,[27] Yakubu for £11.25 million in summer 2007,[28] and Marouane Fellaini for £15 million in September 2008.[29]

At the end of the 2012–13 season, Moyes left his position at Everton to take over at Manchester United, bringing in staff from Everton to join him in July (assistant manager Steve Round, goalkeeping coach Chris Woods and coach Jimmy Lumsden)[30], with Everton players Phil Neville and Marouane Fellaini also leaving for United, the former joining the coaching staff. Moyes was replaced by Roberto Martínez,[31] who led Everton to 5th place in the Premier League in his first season while amassing the club's best points tally in 27 years with 72.[32] The following season, Martínez led Everton to the last 16 of the 2014-15 UEFA Europa League, where they were defeated by Dynamo Kyiv,[33] whilst domestically finishing 11th in the Premier League. Everton reached the semi-finals of both the League Cup and the FA Cup in 2015–16, but were defeated in both. After a poor run of form in the Premier League, Martínez was sacked following the penultimate game of the season, with Everton lying in 12th place.[34]

Martínez was replaced in the summer of 2016 by Ronald Koeman, who left Southampton to sign a 3-year contract with Everton.[35] In his first season at the club he guided them back into the group stages of the Europa League, entering the 3rd qualifying round after finishing 7th. They reached the group stage, after wins over Ružomberok and FC Haidjuk Split, but did not manage to progress further, finishing third behind Atalanta and Lyon. A poor start to the following season left Everton in the relegation zone after nine games, and Koeman was sacked on 23 October following a 5–2 home defeat to Arsenal.[36] After a five-week period with David Unsworth acting as caretaker manager, Sam Allardyce was appointed as Everton manager in November 2017,[37] but he resigned at the end of the season amid fan discontent at his style of play.[38] Marco Silva was named Everton manager in May 2018.[39] On 8 November 2018, Everton was banned from signing academy football players from their youth clubs for 2 years.[40]

Silva led Everton to finish 8th in his first season in charge, but after a poor start to the following season which left the team in the relegation zone on 14 points, Silva was sacked on 5 December 2019.[41] His last league match was 5—2 loss to Liverpool at Anfield. Former player and the first-team coach Duncan Ferguson replaced him, serving as a caretaker manager during a 3—1 win over Chelsea and a 1—1 draw against Manchester United at Old Trafford. [42]

Colours
Everton's traditional home colours are royal blue shirts, white shorts and white socks. However, during the first decades of their history, Everton had several different kit colours. The team originally played in white and then blue and white stripes, but as new players arriving at the club wore their old team's shirts during matches, confusion soon ensued. It was decided that the shirts would be dyed black, both to save on expenses and to instill a more professional look. However, the kit appeared morbid, so a scarlet sash was added.[43] When the club moved to Goodison Park in 1892, the colours were salmon pink and dark blue striped shirts with dark blue shorts. The club later switched to ruby shirts with blue trim and dark blue shorts. Royal blue jerseys with white shorts were first used in the 1901–02 season.[43] The club played in sky blue in 1906; however, the fans protested, and the colour reverted to royal blue. Occasionally, Everton have played in lighter shades than royal blue (such as in 1930–31 and 1997–98).[44] The home kit today is royal blue shirts with white shorts and socks. The club may also wear all blue to avoid any colour clashes. The home goalkeeper attire for the 2014–15 season was all yellow.

Everton's traditional away colours were white shirts with black shorts, but from 1968 amber shirts and royal blue shorts became common. Various editions appeared throughout the 1970s and 1980s. Recently, black, white, grey and yellow away shirts have been used. The away shirt for the 2011–12 season was reverted to an amber shirt with navy blue shorts.[45] The current away kit is a black shirt with a pink trim, while their third kit is a white shirt with a blue design on the front in the shape of Prince Ruperts Tower.

Crest
At the end of the 1937–38 season, Everton secretary Theo Kelly, who later became the club's first manager, wanted to design a club necktie. It was agreed that the colour be blue, and Kelly was given the task of designing a crest to be featured on the necktie. He worked on it for four months until deciding on a reproduction of Everton Lock-Up, which stands in the heart of the Everton district.[46] The Lock-Up has been inextricably linked with the Everton area since its construction in 1787. It was originally used as a bridewell to incarcerate mainly drunks and minor criminals, and it still stands today on Everton Brow. The Lock-Up was accompanied by two laurel wreaths on either side and, according to the College of Arms in London, Kelly chose to include the laurels as they were the sign of winners. The crest was accompanied by the club motto, "Nil Satis Nisi Optimum", meaning "Nothing but the best is good enough".[46] The ties were first worn by Kelly and the Everton chairman, Mr. E. Green, on the first day of the 1938–39 season.[46]

The club rarely incorporated a badge of any description on its shirts. An interwoven "EFC" design was adopted between 1922 and 1930 before the club reverted to plain royal blue shirts until 1972 when bold "EFC" lettering was added. The crest designed by Kelly was first used on the team's shirts in 1978 and has remained there ever since, while undergoing gradual change to become the version used today.

In May 2013, the club launched a new crest to improve the reproducibility of the design in print and broadcast media, particularly on a small scale.[47] Critics[who?] suggested that it was external pressure from sports manufacturer Nike, Inc. that evoked the redesign as the number of colours had been reduced and the radial effect was removed, which made the kit more cost efficient to reproduce
The redesign was poorly received by supporters, with a poll on an Everton fan site registering a 91% negative response to the crest.[48] A protest petition reached over 22,000 signatures before the club offered an apology and announced a new crest would be created for the 2014–15 season with an emphasis on fan consultation. Shortly afterwards, the Head of Marketing left the club. The latest crest was revealed by the club on 3 October 2013. After a consultation process with the supporters, three new crests were shortlisted. In the final vote, the new crest was chosen by almost 80% of the supporters that took part[49][50] and began being used in July 2014
Nickname
Everton's most widely recognised nickname "The Toffees" or "The Toffeemen", which came about after Everton had moved to Goodison. There are several explanations for how this name came to be adopted with the best known being that there was a business in Everton village, between Everton Brow and Brow Side, named Mother Noblett's, which was a toffee shop that sold sweets including the Everton Mint. It was also located opposite the lock up which Everton's club crest is based on. The Toffee Lady tradition in which a girl walks around the perimeter of the pitch before the start of a game tossing free Everton Mints into the crowd symbolises the connection. Another possible reason is that there was a house named Ye Anciente Everton Toffee House in nearby Village Street, Everton, run by Ma Bushell. The toffee house was located near the Queen's Head hotel in which early club meetings took place.[52]

Everton have had many other nicknames over the years. When the black kit was worn, Everton were nicknamed "The Black Watch" after the famous army regiment.[53] Since going blue in 1901, Everton have been given the simple nickname "The Blues". Everton's attractive style of play led to Steve Bloomer calling the team "scientific" in 1928, which is thought to have inspired the nickname "The School of Science".[54] The battling 1995 FA Cup winning side were known as "The Dogs of War". When David Moyes arrived as manager, he proclaimed Everton as "The People's Club", which has been adopted as a semi-official club nickname.[55]

Stadium
Everton originally played in the southeast corner of Stanley Park. The first official match took place in 1879. In 1882, a man named J. Cruitt donated land at Priory Road which became the club's home. In 1884 Everton became tenants at Anfield, which was owned by John Orrell, a land owner who was a friend of Everton F.C. member John Houlding. Orrell lent Anfield to the club in exchange for a small rent. Houlding purchased the land from Orrell in 1885 and effectively became Everton's landlord by charging the club rent, which increased from £100 to £240 a year by 1888 – and was still rising until Everton left the ground in 1892.[56][57] The club regarded the increase in rent as unacceptable.[57] A further dispute between Houlding and the club's committee led to Houlding attempting to gain full control of the club by registering the company, "Everton F.C. and Athletic Grounds Ltd". Everton left Anfield for a new ground, Goodison Park, where the club have played ever since. Houlding attempted to take over Everton's name, colours, fixtures and league position, but was denied by The Football Association. Instead, Houlding formed a new club, Liverpool F.C.[58]

Goodison Park, the first major football stadium to be built in England, was opened in 1892.[59] Goodison Park has staged more top-flight football games than any other ground in the United Kingdom and was the only English club ground to host a semi-final at the 1966 FIFA World Cup. It was also the first English ground to have under soil heating and the first to have two tiers on all sides. The church grounds of St Luke the Evangelist are adjacent to the corner of the Main Stand and the Howard Kendall Gwladys Street End.[60]

On match days, in a tradition going back to 1962, players walk out to the tune "Johnny Todd", played in the arrangement used when it was the theme song for Z-Cars.[61] It is a traditional Liverpool children's song collected in 1890 by Frank Kidson and tells the story of a sailor betrayed by his lover while away at sea.[62] On two separate occasions in 1994, the club walked out to different songs. In August 1994, the club played 2 Unlimited's song "Get Ready For This". A month later, the club used a reworking of the Creedence Clearwater Revival classic "Bad Moon Rising". Both songs were met with complete disapproval by Everton fans.[63]

Training facilities
From 1966 to 2007, Everton trained at Bellefield in the West Derby area of Liverpool.[64] They moved to the Finch Farm training complex in Halewood in 2007. The training ground houses both the Everton first team and the youth academy.

Proposed new stadia
There have been indications since 1996 that Everton will move to a new stadium. The original plan was for a new 60,000 seat stadium, but in 2000 a proposal was submitted to build a 55,000 seat stadium as part of the King's Dock regeneration. This proposal was unsuccessful as Everton failed to generate the £30 million needed for a half stake in the stadium project, and the city council rejected the proposal in 2003.[65] Late in 2004, driven by the Liverpool Council and the Northwest Development Corporation, the club entered talks with Liverpool F.C. about sharing a proposed stadium on Stanley Park. However, negotiations broke down as Everton failed to raise 50% of the costs.[66] On 11 January 2005, Liverpool announced that ground-sharing was not a possibility and proceeded to plan their own Stanley Park Stadium.[67]

Everton entered into talks with the Knowsley Council and Tesco in June 2006 over the possibility of building a new 55,000 seat stadium, expandable to over 60,000, in Kirkby.[68] The plan became known as The Kirkby Project. The club took the unusual move of giving its supporters a say in the club's future by holding a ballot on the proposal with the results being in favour of it, 59% to 41%.[69] Opponents to the plan included other local councils concerned by the effect of a large Tesco store being built as part of the development and a group of fans demanding that Everton should remain within the city boundaries of Liverpool.[69] Following a public inquiry into the project,[70] the central government rejected the proposal.[71] Local and regional politicians attempted to put together an amended rescue plan with the Liverpool City Council calling a meeting with Everton F.C. The plan was to assess some suitable sites short listed within the city boundary.[72][73] However, the amended plan was also not successful.

The Liverpool City Council Regeneration and Transport Select Committee meeting on 10 February 2011 featured a proposal to open the Bootle Branch line using "Liverpool Football Club and Everton Football Club as priorities, as economic enablers of the project".[74] This proposal would place both football clubs on a rapid transit Merseyrail line that would circle the city and ease transport access. In September 2014 the club, working with the Liverpool City Council and Liverpool Mutual Homes, outlined initial plans to build a new stadium in Walton Hall Park.[75] However, those plans were later scrapped in May 2016 with the prospect of two new sites being identified for the club.[76] At the Annual General Meeting in January 2017, the chairman, Bill Kenwright revealed that Bramley-Moore Dock was the preferred site for the new stadium, with a new railway station and a new road being funded by the City Council.[77] The choice of the Bramley Moore Dock site was endorsed in a public consultation exercise conducted in 2018.[78] Architect Dan Meis has been charged with designing a new stadium for Everton,[79] and the endeavour, called The People's Project, is now in its second stage of consultation.[80]

Supporters and rivalries
Further information: Everton F.C. supporters
Everton have a large fanbase, with the eighth highest average attendance in the Premier League in the 2008–09 season.[81] The majority of Everton's matchday support comes from the North West of England, primarily Merseyside, Cheshire, West Lancashire and parts of Western Greater Manchester along with many fans who travel from North Wales and Ireland. Within the city of Liverpool, support for Everton and city rivals Liverpool is not determined by geographical basis with supporters mixed across the city. Everton also have many supporters' clubs worldwide[82] in places such as North America,[83] Singapore,[84] Indonesia, Lebanon, Malaysia,[85] Thailand, India and Australia.[86][87] The official supporters club is FOREVERTON,[88] and there are also several fanzines including When Skies are Grey and Speke from the Harbour, which are sold around Goodison Park on match days.
Everton regularly take large numbers away from home both domestically and in European fixtures. The club implements a loyalty points scheme offering the first opportunity to purchase away tickets to season ticket holders who have attended the most away matches. Everton often sell out the full allocation in away grounds, and tickets sell particularly well for North West England away matches. In October 2009, Everton took 7,000 travelling fans to Benfica,[89] which was their largest ever away crowd in Europe since the 1985 European Cup Winners' Cup Final.

Everton's biggest rivalry is with neighbours Liverpool, against whom they contest the Merseyside derby. The rivalry stems from an internal dispute between Everton officials and the owners of Anfield, which was then Everton's home ground. The dispute resulted in Everton moving to Goodison Park and the subsequent formation of Liverpool F.C. in 1892. Following these events, a fierce rivalry has existed between Everton and Liverpool, albeit one that is generally perceived as more respectful than many other derbies in English football. This was illustrated by a chain of red and blue scarves that were linked between the gates of both grounds across Stanley Park as a tribute to the Liverpool fans killed in the Hillsborough disaster.[90] The derby is usually a sellout fixture and has been known as the "friendly derby" because both sets of fans can often be seen side by side dressed in red and blue inside both Anfield and Goodison Park. Recently on the field, matches tend to be extremely stormy affairs; the derby has had more red cards than any other fixture in Premier League history

Kenny Lynch

Kenneth Lynch, OBE (18 March 1938 – 18 December 2019)[2] was an English singer, songwriter, entertainer and actor. He appeared in many variety shows in the 1960s. At the time, he was among the few black singers in British pop music
Early life
Lynch grew up in Stepney, East London, as one of 13 children; his sister Gladys (stage name Maxine Daniels) was a jazz singer of some note. After leaving school at 15 and working various jobs, he did national service in the Royal Army Service Corps and was the regimental featherweight boxing champion. He was also a professional singer. He had two daughters, Amy Lynch and Bobby Lynch. His father was born in Barbados and his mother was mixed-raced British and Jamaican.

Career
Lynch had several UK hit singles in the early 1960s, including the two Top Ten hits, "Up on the Roof" in January 1963, and "You Can Never Stop Me Loving You" in August 1963.[3] He is also known for a single release of "Misery", the first cover version of a Beatles song to be released.[3] In early 1963, Lynch had been on the same bill as the Beatles on the group's first British tour; John Lennon and Paul McCartney wrote "Misery" in January 1963, in the hopes that the artist on top of the bill, Helen Shapiro, would record it.[3] Shapiro's record producer turned it down, but Lynch took the composition and gave it a much more pop-oriented arrangement than the Beatles would use when they recorded "Misery" themselves on their debut album, Please Please Me. Whilst on a coach with the Beatles (on tour with Helen Shapiro), Lynch reportedly offered to help them write a song, but quickly became frustrated and criticised their ability to compose music – at the time Lennon and McCartney were writing "From Me to You".[4] Years later he appeared on the album cover of Wings' 1973 album Band on the Run, along with other celebrities.[5]

Much of Lynch's material was self-written, but he also covered songs by writers of the Brill Building.[3]

Lynch also wrote songs for others including actress Linda Thorson, Small Faces' No. 3 UK hit "Sha-La-La-La-Lee" and Cilla Black's No. 5 UK hit "Love's Just A Broken Heart", in collaboration with American songwriter Mort Shuman.[3] "You'd Better Believe It" (co-written with Jerry Ragavoy) and "Sorry She's Mine", which also appeared on the Small Faces' 1966 debut album, were both Lynch works.[3]

Lynch took part in the A Song For Europe contest in 1962 with the song "There's Never Been A Girl", but failed to win through to represent the UK in the Eurovision Song Contest. Lynch had more success in 1978, as a songwriter and producer. That year, his song "Don't Bother To Knock", written for the group Midnight, placed second in the contest. The same year he wrote '"Love Crazy", the theme used for Carry On Emmannuelle, and "You Can't Fight It", the vocal version of the theme to the John Carpenter film Assault on Precinct 13. In the mid-1960s he owned a record shop, the Kenny Lynch Record Centre in Walker's Court, Soho.

Lynch oversaw the production for Hylda Baker and Arthur Mullard's comedy version of "You're the One That I Want" which reached 22 in the UK Singles Chart in September 1978.[6][7] In the early 1980s, Lynch formed a songwriting partnership with former tennis player Buster Mottram, a long-time white nationalist political activist.[8]

Lynch appeared on television programmes including Celebrity Squares, Mooncat & Co., Room at the Bottom, Bullseye and Curry and Chips. He also appeared on Z-Cars, The Sweeney, Till Death Us Do Part and Treasure Hunt.[9]

Lynch completed the London Marathon in 1982, played in several charity football matches and took part in Michael Parkinson's 'Celebrity Cricket' fundraisers.[9] In 2018, Lynch had a concert tour with Jimmy Tarbuck and Anita Harris, as well as appearing in ITV's Last Laugh in Vegas.[10]

He died in the early hours of 18 December 2019, aged 81

Emily Thornberry

Emily Anne Thornberry (born 27 July 1960) is a British politician who has served in the Shadow Cabinet of Jeremy Corbyn as Shadow Foreign Secretary since 2016, and Shadow First Secretary of State since 2017.

A member of the Labour Party, she has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Islington South and Finsbury since 2005. Thornberry practised as a barrister from 1985 to 2005. She was first elected to Parliament in 2005, and served as Shadow Attorney General in Ed Miliband's shadow cabinet from 2011 until she resigned in 2014 after sending a tweet that was described as 'snobby'. After Jeremy Corbyn won the 2015 leadership election, Thornberry was appointed Shadow Minister of State for Employment. In January 2016, she was appointed Shadow Secretary of State for Defence, and in June 2016 she was appointed Shadow Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
Early life
Lady Thornberry was born in Guildford, Surrey on 27 June 1960.[1][2] Her parents were Sallie Thornberry, a teacher, and Cedric Thornberry, at the time teaching international law at the London School of Economics, and later a United Nations Assistant Secretary-General.[3][4][5] When Thornberry was seven, her parents divorced and she had to leave their home with her mother and two brothers. After this, she relied on free school meals and food parcels, and their cats were euthanised to save money.[6] Her mother later became a Labour councillor and mayor, and her father stood as the Labour candidate for Guildford in the 1966 general election.[5][7]

She failed the eleven-plus exam and attended a secondary modern school.[3] She left to live with her father when she was fifteen until he left without warning to work for the United Nations when she was seventeen. She worked as a cleaner and a barmaid in London alongside resitting her O-Levels and taking her A-Levels.[6][8] She went on to study law at the University of Kent in Canterbury, graduating in 1982. She was called to the Bar at Gray's Inn and practised as a barrister specialising in human rights law from 1985 to 2005 under Michael Mansfield at Tooks Chambers.[1][3]

Thornberry joined the Transport and General Workers' Union in 1985.[9] In the late 1980s, she became a friend of Waheed Alli, and persuaded him to join the Labour Party.[citation needed]

Political career
Before Parliament
In the 2001 general election, she stood as the Labour candidate in Canterbury, but was defeated by the Conservative incumbent, Julian Brazier.[10]

Following the decision of Chris Smith not to stand again, Thornberry was selected as the Labour candidate for Islington South and Finsbury for the 2005 general election through an all-women shortlist of prospective candidates.[11] She was elected to Parliament with a majority of 484.[12] Nick Smith (who subsequently was elected to Parliament representing Blaenau Gwent) served as her election agent.

Early Parliamentary career (2005–2010)
Thornberry made her maiden speech in the House of Commons on 24 May 2005.[13] In Parliament, she has been a member of the Environmental Audit Committee and was on the Communities and Local Government Select Committee during the 2005–10 Parliament. She has served as vice-chair of the All-Party Parliamentary Cycling Group and the All-Party Parliamentary Pro-Choice and Sexual Health Group.[citation needed]

In 2006, Thornberry was criticised by the Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards Philip Mawer for adding a quote from herself into a news release by the Electoral Commission. She was found not to have broken the Parliamentary code of conduct.[14]

Thornberry's main interests since becoming an MP have been in health, housing, the environment and equality.[15] She has also spoken on the need for more affordable housing, particularly in Islington. In 2006, Thornberry introduced the Housing Association Bill, a Private Member's Bill which sought to improve the control of housing association tenants over their landlords.[3][16] Many of the ideas from this bill were taken up by the Cave Review.[17] On environmental matters, Thornberry worked with Friends of the Earth and World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) to campaign for a Climate Change Bill and a Marine Bill. In 2006, Thornberry won the ePolitix Award for Environment Champion of the Year after being nominated by WWF.[18] She is a member of Labour Friends of Israel.[19]

In 2008, Thornberry supported a change in the law to allow single women and lesbian couples to seek in vitro fertilisation treatment.[20][21]

In 2009, she was appointed a ministerial aide in the Department of Energy and Climate Change and attended the Copenhagen Summit in December that year with Joan Ruddock and Ed Miliband.[22]

Opposition under Ed Miliband (2010–15)
See also: Shadow Cabinet of Ed Miliband
In May 2010, Thornberry was returned as MP for Islington South and Finsbury with an increased majority, in a seat identified as the Liberal Democrats' top target in England for the 2010 general election.[23][24]

Thornberry was promoted to Shadow Minister for the Department of Energy and Climate Change in May 2010.[25] In the role she shadowed Charles Hendry.[26] Thornberry missed out on a place in Labour's Shadow Cabinet, then elected by Labour MPs, by one vote. She was instead promoted to the role of Shadow Care Minister under Shadow Health Secretary John Healey.[27][28]

As Shadow Care Minister, Thornberry criticised the coalition government's lack of action over failing care home operator Southern Cross, calling for action and that the government put in place a plan B should the operator fail.[29] She criticised the government over the Winterborne View care home abuse scandal, calling for an investigation into the affair.[30] In April 2011, Thornberry surveyed all the Local Government Directors of Adult Social Care and highlighted the pressures on care for the elderly by the coalition government's cuts to Local Authority funds.[31]

Thornberry was appointed Shadow Attorney General in October 2011, in which capacity she attended Shadow Cabinet meetings.[32] Thornberry called for action by Dominic Grieve over Applied Language Solutions' failure to provide interpreters for court proceedings,[33] and called on the Attorney General to ensure that allegations of bribery involving Bernie Ecclestone were properly investigated.[citation needed]

In 2011, Thornberry challenged David Cameron over his false claims about wages at Islington Council,[34] campaigning against government measures which Thornberry claimed to have exacerbated child poverty in Islington,[35] and answering over 1,000 enquiries a month from constituents.[36]

Thornberry resigned her Shadow Cabinet position on 20 November 2014, shortly after polls closed in the Rochester and Strood by-election.[37][38] Earlier in the day, she had received criticism after tweeting a photograph of a house in the constituency adorned with three flags of St George[39] and the owner's white van parked outside on the driveway, under the caption "Image from #Rochester", provoking accusations of snobbery.[40] She was criticised by fellow Labour Party MPs, including leader Ed Miliband who said her tweet conveyed a "sense of disrespect", Chris Bryant who said that it broke the "first rule of politics"[41] and Simon Danczuk who said that the party had been "hijacked by the north London liberal elite".[42]

Opposition under Jeremy Corbyn (2015–2019)
In September 2015, she was appointed Shadow Minister for Employment by the new Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn.[15] She was promoted to Shadow Defence Secretary in January 2016, replacing Maria Eagle.[43] Thornberry advocated spending money on the army rather than on the UK's Trident nuclear programme.[15] On being appointed, Thornberry was interviewed by the British Forces Broadcasting Service, where she defended her appointment, saying she had "quite a lot more experience than people might think."[44] During her role as Shadow Defence Secretary, Thornberry conducted a review of defence policy, including the role of the nuclear deterrent, which was delayed following the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum.[45] During a private Labour discussion about the nuclear deterrent, Thornberry asked what "Defcon One", a status of the United States nuclear defence rating, meant.[46]

Thornberry was promoted to Shadow Foreign Secretary in June 2016 after Corbyn fired Hilary Benn.[47] She held the role of Shadow Brexit Secretary concurrently until Keir Starmer took on the role later that year.[48] She accused Sky News presenter Dermot Murnaghan of sexism after he asked her to name French Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Development, Jean-Marc Ayrault and the President of South Korea, which she was unable to do.[49][50][51] Following the 2017 general election, she was given the additional role of Shadow First Secretary of State.[52]

Thornberry opposed Britain's involvement in the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen against the Shia Houthis. She said that "while Saudi Arabia will remain a valued strategic, security and economic ally in the years to come, our support for their forces in Yemen must be suspended until the alleged violations of international humanitarian law in that conflict have been fully and independently investigated."[53] In May 2018 Thornberry said support in Syria for the country's president, Bashar al-Assad, had been “underestimated” in the West.[54][55] In October 2018 Thornberry criticised Theresa May's government's response to Jamal Khashoggi's disappearance as "too little, too late".[56] She said: "Imagine how this government would have reacted if either Russia or Iran had abducted–and in all likelihood murdered–one of their dissident journalists within the sovereign territory of another country."[57]

Thornberry campaigned for Remain in the 2016 Brexit referendum.

Post General Election 2019
After the Labour Party's defeat in the 2019 United Kingdom general election, Jeremy Corbyn announced he was stepping down as leader.[58] On 18th December 2019, Emily Thornberry was the first person to officially announce that she would be running for the leadership of the Labour Party.[59]

Campaigns
Affordable housing
Thornberry's constituency falls within the London Borough of Islington, one of the most deprived areas of the country with disproportionately high house prices and private sector rents.[60] She has supported measures by Islington Council to free up under-occupied homes by supporting tenants to downsize[61] and to stop foreign investors from buying new homes and leaving them empty.[62] She has also called for a greater degree of control over private sector rents and more support for social house-building.[63] Thornberry has frequently campaigned for a greater commitment to affordable and social housing.[64] She was criticised when the local Islington Tribune newspaper discovered that her husband had bought a former social house which was being rented out to her aides.[64][65] Thornberry said the purchase was "not about property speculation".[65]

In 2015 Thornberry clashed with Boris Johnson, the Mayor of London, over the proposed redevelopments of the Mount Pleasant Mail Centre, the sorting office run by the Royal Mail, and the Clerkenwell Fire Station, both in her constituency.[66] Camden and Islington councils sought to require a high proportion of the resulting new homes to be made available for social rent, but Johnson overturned this and allowed homes designated as "affordable" to charge rents of up to 80 percent of market rates. Thornberry criticised Johnson, describing his definition of affordability as "nonsense",[63] and called for at least 50% of homes in the new developments to be made available for social rent.

Statue of Emily Davison
In 2013, the 100th anniversary of the death of the suffragette Emily Davison, Thornberry called for a statue commemorating Davison in Parliament. She arranged a public meeting to discuss options for a memorial, attended by around 800 people, and settled on the idea of a statue as an appropriate memorial, pointing out that there were very few statues of female politicians and activists in Parliament.[67]

Equal pay
In March 2015, Thornberry launched a campaign for a new Equal Pay Act. She said that, 45 years after the original Equal Pay Act was passed in 1970, women still earned 19% less than men on average.[68] She called for "a profound culture change and radical legislation" to close the pay gap, and recommended measures to require companies where women make a successful complaint of pay discrimination to audit their practices and implement plans to ensure that men and women are paid equally for equal work.[68] She further argued for measures to make it easier to negotiate settlements in equal pay cases, for improved access to justice by waiving tribunal fees for a limited period, and to close loopholes whereby outsourcing and insecure working conditions often lead to unequal pay for women.[69]

Personal life
Thornberry has lived in Islington since the early 1990s. In July 1991 she married fellow barrister Christopher Nugee, of Wilberforce Chambers,[70] in Tower Hamlets, and they have two sons and a daughter. Nugee later became a Queen's Counsel, then a High Court Judge, when he was knighted, at which point Thornberry became entitled to be styled Lady Nugee, although she does not use the title. Since 1993 they have lived on Richmond Crescent, Barnsbury, where Tony Blair also lived until the 1997 general election, moving in on the same day as the Blairs.[71] Thornberry also part-owns properties in Guildford and South London;[65][72] her property portfolio "is believed to be worth £4.6 million."[73]

In April 2005, it was reported that Thornberry had sent her son to the partially selective Dame Alice Owen's state school 14 miles (23 km) from her home and outside her constituency. The school was formerly based in Islington and still reserves ten per cent of its places for Islington pupils.[74] The Labour Party opposes selection and Thornberry was widely criticised over the issue as a result.[75] Chris Woodhead, the former chief inspector of schools, said: "I celebrate her good sense as a parent and deplore her hypocrisy as a politician. When will those who espouse the virtues of comprehensive education apply the logic of their political message to their children?" Later, Thornberry's daughter attended the same school