الاثنين، 23 ديسمبر 2019

Michael Barrymore

Michael Ciaran Parker (born 4 May 1952),[4] better known by his stage name Michael Barrymore, is an English comedian and television presenter of game shows and light entertainment programmes on British television in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. These included Strike It Lucky, My Kind of People, My Kind of Music and Kids Say the Funniest Things. In 1993 he headlined the Royal Variety Performance.

At his peak Barrymore was voted the UK's favourite television star several times, and became one of the highest-paid stars on television. He presented the popular game-show Strike It Lucky as well as his own variety show Barrymore. He starred in Bob Martin from 2000 to 2001, a comedy drama in which he played the title role of a failing television game-show host.

Since his peak of popularity in the mid-1990s, Barrymore has appeared on Celebrity Big Brother and other shows including The Friday Night Project, Graham Norton's Bigger Picture, This Morning, The Sharon Osbourne Show and The Saturday Night Show.

His television career effectively ended after the death of Stuart Lubbock in 2001 following a party at Barrymore's house in Essex. Barrymore was the subject of police investigations and legal action around the case over several years.
Early life
Born Michael Ciaran Parker in Bermondsey, he lived in the Dickens estate for the first 18 years of his life with his two elder siblings.[5] His father left when Barrymore was 11 and they never saw each other again. Barrymore and his siblings were raised in the Roman Catholic faith of their Irish mother, Margaret.[5]

Career
Early career
Barrymore spent his early career working as a Redcoat at Butlins holiday camps, and then in the West End theatre shows of London, where he met dancer and lifelong friend Cheryl St Claire in 1974. They married in 1976,[6] With Cheryl as manager and the mastermind behind Barrymore's rise to fame, he first won a 1979 edition of New Faces, and then became a regular panellist on Blankety Blank and the warm-up man for Larry Grayson on the Generation Game.[7] and also for Little and Large theatre shows. In the early days, Barrymore used to do impressions of John Cleese and Norman Wisdom, among others.[8]

Television career (1976–2002)
From there Barrymore rose to fame via appearances on Blankety Blank and Who Do You Do? and his television career began firstly by having his own sketch show entitled The Michael Barrymore Show in 1983, which starred a young Nicholas Lyndhurst, and he also appeared in Russ Abbott's Madhouse as various characters between 1981 and 1982. He walked out of his contract with LWT, who produced The Michael Barrymore Show, after only one series; he then landed the presenter's role on the BBC gameshow, Get Set Go!.[9] He appeared in a number of Royal Variety Performance shows, his first being in 1983. He became the host of ITV gameshow Strike It Lucky (which later became Strike It Rich) in 1986 and it grew in popularity over the years and this was watched by 18 million viewers at its peak.[10]

This was Barrymore's first successful presenting role (Get Set Go! had been cancelled after only one single series[9]), which led then to his own light entertainment show, Barrymore which began in 1991 and ran until 2000. He had his own show between 1988 and 1989, produced for the BBC entitled Michael Barrymore's Saturday Night Out;[11] it was set in Jersey and the theme tune, "Doin' the Crab" had been released as a single in 1987.

In 1991, Barrymore was given his own show entitled Barrymore where he interviewed guests, performed his comedy routines and joined in with other performers on the show. The show lasted throughout the 1990s and was consistently nominated for awards over the years in the UK. Among the many famous guests that appeared on Barrymore were Cliff Richard, Uri Geller, and Spike Milligan.

Following his appearance on the 1993 Royal Variety Performance, where he performed a version of "Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow" with soldiers, he became popular on television and on the stage. The Royal Variety Show performance brought the house down and cemented Barrymore's place at the heart of the British public. Following on from the success, Barrymore went into rehab due to his alcohol and drug addiction. He left after a couple of months and went on to write a best-selling book about his experiences and he also went on a stage tour called Back in Business in 1994.[12]

A spin-off talent show, My Kind of People[13] and game show My Kind of Music followed the success of both Barrymore and Strike It Rich. Following a dip in ratings, Barrymore was cancelled in 1997 (it later returned in 2000). He went on to new projects with Kids Say the Funniest Things, Animals Do the Funniest Things and Barrymore on Broadway.[14] He was voted the UK's favourite TV star several times, and became one of the highest-paid stars on TV.[15] Barrymore won the National Television Award for Most Popular Entertainment Presenter five out of the first six years, last at the 6th NTAs in 2000. This makes him the last winner of that award before Ant and Dec, who since the 7th NTAs in 2001 have been named Most Popular Entertainment Presenter (or, since 2016, Most Popular TV Presenter) every year the awards were held, 18 in all as of January 2019.[14]

Barrymore became well known through his catchphrases of "Awight!", on making his entrance, and on Strike It Lucky, "Top, middle or bottom?" and "What is a hot spot not?", to which the studio audience would reply "Not a good spot". He had a very public battle with substance abuse in 1994 and wrote a book about his experience in rehab. He regained his former status and made another series of Barrymore and recorded a new series called My Kind of People. He came out as gay in 1995 and split from his wife in 1996. He made a new series of Strike It Lucky, now called Strike It Rich and another Barrymore series. More editions of Strike It Rich and Barrymore were shown in 1997 and he also appeared in Spice World as Mr. Step.

He recorded two new series called My Kind of Music and Kids Say the Funniest Things in 1998 along with more Strike It Rich. Newer editions of all three series were shown and another series of Barrymore was recorded and shown in 2000. The year 2000 also saw Barrymore move into acting in Bob Martin where he played the character of Bob Martin; he recorded two series of the comedy (2000–01).[14] Barrymore also presented a second series of Kids Say the Funniest Things which aired in late 2000 and also a fourth series of My Kind of Music which was on the air at the time that Stuart Lubbock died in Barrymore's pool on 31 March 2001. Following Lubbock's death, both Bob Martin and My Kind of Music stayed on the air but whilst the investigation was ongoing, he did not record any further programmes for ITV. They constantly backed him when asked by the newspapers and simply waited for investigations to conclude. In October 2001, Barrymore was given a drugs caution[16] and began recording a new series of My Kind of Music. There had been talks of him recording a Christmas special called Barrymore's My Kind of Christmas but due to public outrage, this was shelved. My Kind of Music aired in early 2002. The inquest into Lubbock's death began in September 2002 and due to revelations about Barrymore's private life and his refusal to answer key questions relating to drugs, he was sacked by ITV following the conclusion of the inquest.

Career revivals
Following the revelation of Lubbock's death, ITV terminated his contract and his United Kingdom television career subsequently collapsed. A new series of Kids Say the Funniest Things recorded prior to the scandal was pulled from the ITV schedule and never broadcast. The Guardian reported that the BBC cancelled publication of Barrymore's life story.[17] In September 2003, Barrymore staged a one-man show at London's Wyndham's Theatre, which closed after a few days. He subsequently emigrated to New Zealand to live with his partner, Shaun Davis. He has since had live stage shows in New Zealand and Australia. In 2005, he appeared in Chicago in Napier, New Zealand.

Celebrity Big Brother
In December 2005, it was announced that Barrymore was being paid £150,000 by Channel 4 to take part in Celebrity Big Brother commencing 5 January 2006.[18] He had a difficult relationship with housemate George Galloway, which culminated in a 20-minute slanging match between the two men. On 27 January 2006 he finished runner-up to Chantelle Houghton, whom Michael deemed a deserving winner.[14]

After Celebrity Big Brother
Remaining in the UK, Barrymore was booked to be the guest host on Channel 4's The Friday Night Project for the edition broadcast on 3 February 2006. This is the last time that Barrymore appeared on a show as the presenter. The weeks and months following Barrymore's appearance on Big Brother was full of speculation that Barrymore was in talks with a number of television of channels over the possibility of new shows, but nothing ever came of this. Barrymore's appearance on the Friday Night Project is the last time he presented a primetime television show.[14]

It was announced that for Christmas 2006, Barrymore would play the title role in Bill Kenwright's production of Scrooge – The Musical. He performed the lead role at the Empire Theatre, Sunderland, but the production's scheduled transfer to the West End was cancelled. In January 2008, Barrymore took the role of comedian and writer Spike Milligan in the stage play Surviving Spike. It played Windsor and later the Edinburgh Fringe, but again, its West End transfer was cancelled. In February 2010, he appeared on Irish television on The Saturday Night Show, where he unexpectedly performed numerous bizarre and controversial antics, including pretending to be Jedward's father.[19][20] In May 2010, Barrymore startled his co-contestants on a reality TV show by revealing that he had fallen in love with a woman. Barrymore was filming an episode of Channel 4 show Come Dine With Me, with former Generation Game host Anthea Redfern and presenters Pat Sharp and Jenny Powell, when he said he was going to have a party to celebrate that he was "coming back in".[21]

His personal publicity, particularly in the tabloid press, continues to be negative. In December 2011, he was convicted of cocaine possession and fined £780.[22] Although Strike It Rich and Strike It Lucky have been repeated on the digital channel Challenge, his entertainment shows such as Barrymore and My Kind of People are never repeated anywhere and his work is never included on clip shows, such as those marking ITV's 50th anniversary or the 100th anniversary of the London Palladium. The only appearances he has made in the last 10 years has been on reality shows or interview shows. His only work in 2012 was on local radio stations, and on hospital radio. One was on Minster FM, on Greg Scott's breakfast show on 25 February 2012, where he was surprised to meet one of his all-time favourite television guests, Fiona Iverson, who had appeared on his show twenty years earlier.[23]

In 2013, Barrymore appeared on RTÉ show The Saturday Night Show for the second time, his first appearance was in February 2010, on this show he talked about his harsh treatment by the press, his addiction and also the possibility of a new show called My Kind of Twits. He subsequently claimed on Twitter that a pilot for My Kind of Twits would be filmed in May, but this did not happen.[24] Barrymore also appeared on The Nolan Show in June 2013.[25]

On 9 June 2014, Barrymore appeared on The Jeremy Kyle Show on ITV in which he was interviewed in depth by Kyle for one hour about his life in show business, marriage and sexuality. Barrymore announced to the audience that he had been 'clean' for three years without alcohol or other drugs.[citation needed]

In August 2014, Barrymore stated that he would be presenting a new show called Stealing The Limelight which would be similar to My Kind of People where he and a co-presenter called Barrie Drewitt-Barlow would travel the country and allow members of the public to audition for the chance to appear on the show.[26] Dates were booked in Liverpool, Manchester and London. However, this came to nothing and the Twitter page for the new show now no longer exists.

In October 2014, it was revealed that Barrymore had been working on a comedy pilot. However, nothing more has been heard of this either.[27]

In September 2019, it was announced that Barrymore would be taking part in the twelfth series of ITV's Dancing on Ice starting in January 2020.[28] However on 18 December 2019, he had to withdraw because of a broken hand and was replaced by former Blue Peter presenter Radzi Chinyanganya. Barrymore, however, appeared in the pre-recorded Christmas special on 22 December 2019.[29]

Personal life
Barrymore met his former wife Cheryl Cocklin in 1974 while she was performing as a dancer in a West End theatre show.[30] They married two years later in 1976,[31] although not until after Barrymore had reportedly paid off his mother who threatened to reveal a previous 18-month-long gay love affair. Cocklin later claimed, without contradiction from her estranged husband, that they had had a "full" marriage, including connubial relations.[citation needed]

Cocklin became his manager and was the mastermind behind Barrymore's rise to fame. Cocklin later revealed that Barrymore had problems with alcohol and depression, and as a result of his attack on her at the Hotel Bel-Air in Los Angeles, she was placed by British police on the "at risk" register.[32]

Sexuality
At the height of his popularity, Barrymore suffered increasing alcohol problems. Barrymore claims he wanted to seek help, but that Cheryl continually told him: "No, you're not (alcoholic). Don't be stupid."[33]

In mid-1995, at the height of his fame, he went to The White Swan gay pub in London's East End, where he gave an impromptu stage performance to the largely local crowd singing the words: "Start spreading the news – I'm gay today". Within 48 hours, every tabloid newspaper had printed its own version of the evening's events, including an untrue claim that the star had thrown away his wedding ring.[7]

In November 1995, Barrymore attended the National Television Awards. At an after-show party on a live late night radio show, he publicly declared he was gay and "no longer wanted to live a lie", following which he split with Cheryl. She later claimed that Barrymore took the step and did not tell her because of his talks with Diana, Princess of Wales.[34]

Divorce
After several aborted reunions, Cheryl and Michael divorced in 1997; she went on to publish the autobiography Catch a Falling Star in 2002, which contained details of their acrimonious split. The couple subsequently had no contact, and Cheryl at her request ceased to be Barrymore's agent or manager. Barrymore later suggested in his 2006 autobiography Awight Now: Setting the Record Straight that Cheryl was a control freak who controlled his every movement including his clothes, and she had created the character that was "Michael Barrymore", which consequently drove him to alcohol, drugs and gay affairs.[35] In an interview in 2002, Barrymore stated he had an alcohol addiction and was in recovery.[36]

On 1 April 2005, Cheryl died of lung cancer, aged 55, at the Hospital of St John and St Elizabeth in St John's Wood.[37]

Death of Stuart Lubbock
Following a party in the early hours of 31 March 2001, a 31-year-old man, Stuart Lubbock, died. Three witnesses – including Barrymore himself – claimed to have found him motionless in Barrymore's swimming pool. Barrymore did not appear again on television until the following February when he returned with a new series of six episodes of My Kind of Music. All charges were dropped when the case came to court. Witnesses disagreed on whether Lubbock was found floating on top of the pool or at the bottom of it. Barrymore had said he was on top of the pool.[38] The cause of death was found to be drowning. Lubbock, described as a "bubbly partygoer", had traces of drugs and alcohol in his system. In the postmortem, pathologists discovered severe anal injuries, which the media claimed were consistent with a sexual assault.[39]

Many tabloid newspapers accused Barrymore of holding drug-fuelled gay orgies in his home and asserted that he must have had some responsibility for the death. It was claimed that Barrymore had been seen at the party rubbing cocaine onto Lubbock's gums, an allegation Barrymore denied.[40]

Barrymore subsequently received a police caution for possession and use of cannabis, but no other charges were laid against him or anyone else in connection with the death, although two other party-goers, unemployed Justin Merritt and drag queen Jonathan Kenney were arrested on suspicion of murder on 6 June 2001. The inquest that took place in September 2002 reached an open verdict. In light of the verdict, and after she was approached by a friend of the Lubbock family, Cheryl provided the Lubbock family solicitor with both an affidavit and subsequent court testimony that her ex-husband had lied under oath, and could in fact swim. She also alleged the entertainer had rubbed cocaine on to the gums of other people as well as himself. The allegations were later proven to be untrue.[41]

In November 2002, Barrymore's lawyers successfully demanded that Essex Police re-investigate matters surrounding Lubbock's death. Their focus was on Barrymore's allegations that the injuries inflicted upon Lubbock's body could have occurred while it was lying unguarded in the mortuary. A pathologist's report found that Lubbock's wounds were only four hours old at the time of the examination at 4 pm, while Lubbock had been pronounced dead at the Princess Alexandra Hospital in Harlow at 8.20 am that morning, so there was a mysterious gap of eight hours.[42] Barrymore told Five Live: "We want to prove the fact that the anal injuries could not have happened at the house." He added: "If these injuries had happened then, why have the police not charged anyone with anything?"[43]

On Barrymore's high-profile return to the UK in January 2006 to take part in Celebrity Big Brother, former solicitor, politician and local activist Anthony Bennett initiated a private prosecution, comprising six charges regarding Barrymore's alleged misuse of drink and drugs on the night of Stuart Lubbock's death. The action commenced in Epping Magistrates' Court in January 2006 and, on 10 February 2006, a District Judge at Southend Magistrates' Court blocked the private prosecution against Barrymore on the grounds of insufficient evidence being available for the case to continue. Anthony Bennett was no longer a solicitor and was acting independently of Terry Lubbock, Stuart's father.[44]

In an interview with Piers Morgan in the December 2006 edition of GQ magazine, Barrymore stated there were other witnesses to the events who were hiding information. On 2 December 2006, police announced they were re-opening the investigation into Lubbock's death. The re-investigation followed a lengthy dossier submitted by Anthony Bennett, who was now Terry Lubbock's solicitor, cataloguing a series of alleged failures by Essex Police in the original investigation and claiming that there had been an elaborate cover-up of the true circumstances of Lubbock's death.[45][46]

On 22 December 2006, following a successful complaint to the Press Complaints Commission by Bennett, The Sun published a letter from Terry Lubbock replying to the newspaper's five-page feature on Barrymore earlier in the year which featured Terry's meeting with Barrymore.[47]

On 1 March 2007, the Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC), following a complaint lodged the previous December by Terry Lubbock, announced an investigation into aspects of the police inquiry into Lubbock's death after receiving complaints from the Lubbock family. It was reported that complaints surrounded information Essex Police gave to a coroner and pathologist after Lubbock's death. In May the IPCC agreed with Terry Lubbock a schedule of 36 separate complaints relating to the original investigation into Lubbock's death.[48][49]

On 14 June 2007, Essex Police arrested Barrymore and two other men on suspicion of murder and serious sexual assault in the Lubbock case. The two other men arrested were Jonathan Kenney, Barrymore's partner at the time of the death, and Justin Merritt, an unemployed former dustman at the time, all present at the party when Lubbock died. The three men were held for questioning at South Woodham Ferrers police station.[50][51]

This followed reports in The Harlow Herald that police had seized tapes from the home of Barrymore's literary agent, Tony Cowell, allegedly containing conversations between Cowell and Barrymore.[52]

On 15 June 2007, police were given permission to question Barrymore and one other man for a further 12 hours. Barrymore's solicitor Henri Brandman confirmed his client was one of the men arrested.[53] Later that day Barrymore was released on police bail pending further enquiries.[54] His solicitor stated that Barrymore "categorically denied" the allegations made and had not been charged with any offence.[55]

On 31 July 2007, it was announced that Barrymore had been re-bailed to appear at an Essex Police station on 10 September.[56] He answered bail on 10 September at a police station in Harlow, Essex. Police were then granted a further 12 hours to question him.[57] On that date, Barrymore and the other two men were told that they would not face charges for the events that occurred. The case was left open.[58]

In July 2015, Barrymore began the process of suing Essex Police over his arrest.[59] In October 2016, it was reported that High Court papers show police admit Barrymore was wrongfully arrested and detained.[60] This was because "the arresting officer, PC Cootes, was not fully aware of the grounds for arrest ... and not by reason of a lack of reasonable grounds to suspect the claimant."[clarification needed][61]

On 18 August 2017, the High Court in London ruled that Michael Barrymore would be entitled to "more than nominal" damages against Essex Police after being wrongly arrested 10 years previously. The judge did not decide on the sum to be awarded, as his ruling dealt only with the preliminary issue of the level of damages to be awarded. Barrymore was not present for the decision but valued his claim at more than £2.4 million.[62] Essex police released a statement on 1 July 2019 to announce that the claim for damages had been discontinued and no payment had been made to Barrymore

Winter season

Winter is the coldest season of the year in polar and temperate zones (winter does not occur in most of the tropical zone). It occurs after autumn and before spring in each year. Winter is caused by the axis of the Earth in that hemisphere being oriented away from the Sun. Different cultures define different dates as the start of winter, and some use a definition based on weather. When it is winter in the Northern Hemisphere, it is summer in the Southern Hemisphere, and vice versa. In many regions, winter is associated with snow and freezing temperatures. The moment of winter solstice is when the Sun's elevation with respect to the North or South Pole is at its most negative value (that is, the Sun is at its farthest below the horizon as measured from the pole). The day on which this occurs has the shortest day and the longest night, with day length increasing and night length decreasing as the season progresses after the solstice. The earliest sunset and latest sunrise dates outside the polar regions differ from the date of the winter solstice, however, and these depend on latitude, due to the variation in the solar day throughout the year caused by the Earth's elliptical orbit (see earliest and latest sunrise and sunset).
Etymology
The English word "winter" comes from the Proto-Indo-European root "wend," relating to water.[1]

Cause
The tilt of the Earth's axis relative to its orbital plane plays a large role in the formation of weather. The Earth is tilted at an angle of 23.44° to the plane of its orbit, causing different latitudes to directly face the Sun as the Earth moves through its orbit. This variation brings about seasons. When it is winter in the Northern Hemisphere, the Southern Hemisphere faces the Sun more directly and thus experiences warmer temperatures than the Northern Hemisphere. Conversely, winter in the Southern Hemisphere occurs when the Northern Hemisphere is tilted more toward the Sun. From the perspective of an observer on the Earth, the winter Sun has a lower maximum altitude in the sky than the summer Sun.

During winter in either hemisphere, the lower altitude of the Sun causes the sunlight to hit the Earth at an oblique angle. Thus a lower amount of solar radiation strikes the Earth per unit of surface area. Furthermore, the light must travel a longer distance through the atmosphere, allowing the atmosphere to dissipate more heat. Compared with these effects, the effect of the changes in the distance of the Earth from the Sun (due to the Earth's elliptical orbit) is negligible.

The manifestation of the meteorological winter (freezing temperatures) in the northerly snow–prone latitudes is highly variable depending on elevation, position versus marine winds and the amount of precipitation. For instance, within Canada (a country of cold winters), Winnipeg on the Great Plains, a long way from the ocean, has a January high of −11.3 °C (11.7 °F) and a low of −21.4 °C (−6.5 °F).[2] In comparison, Vancouver on the west coast with a marine influence from moderating Pacific winds has a January low of 1.4 °C (34.5 °F) with days well above freezing at 6.9 °C (44.4 °F).[3] Both places are at 49°N latitude, and in the same western half of the continent. A similar but less extreme effect is found in Europe: in spite of their northerly latitude, the British Isles have not a single non-mountain weather station with a below-freezing mean January temperature.[4]

Meteorological reckoning
Meteorological reckoning is the method of measuring the winter season used by meteorologists based on "sensible weather patterns" for record keeping purposes,[5] so the start of meteorological winter varies with latitude.[6] Winter is often defined by meteorologists to be the three calendar months with the lowest average temperatures. This corresponds to the months of December, January and February in the Northern Hemisphere, and June, July and August in the Southern Hemisphere. The coldest average temperatures of the season are typically experienced in January or February in the Northern Hemisphere and in June, July or August in the Southern Hemisphere. Nighttime predominates in the winter season, and in some regions winter has the highest rate of precipitation as well as prolonged dampness because of permanent snow cover or high precipitation rates coupled with low temperatures, precluding evaporation. Blizzards often develop and cause many transportation delays. Diamond dust, also known as ice needles or ice crystals, forms at temperatures approaching −40 °C (−40 °F) due to air with slightly higher moisture from above mixing with colder, surface-based air.[7] They are made of simple hexagonal ice crystals.[8] The Swedish meteorological institute (SMHI) defines winter as when the daily mean temperatures are below 0 °C (32 °F) for five consecutive days.[9] According to the SMHI, winter in Scandinavia is more pronounced when Atlantic low-pressure systems take more southerly and northerly routes, leaving the path open for high-pressure systems to come in and cold temperatures to occur. As a result, the coldest January on record in Stockholm, in 1987, was also the sunniest.[10][11]

Accumulations of snow and ice are commonly associated with winter in the Northern Hemisphere, due to the large land masses there. In the Southern Hemisphere, the more maritime climate and the relative lack of land south of 40°S makes the winters milder; thus, snow and ice are less common in inhabited regions of the Southern Hemisphere. In this region, snow occurs every year in elevated regions such as the Andes, the Great Dividing Range in Australia, and the mountains of New Zealand, and also occurs in the southerly Patagonia region of South Argentina. Snow occurs year-round in Antarctica.

Astronomical and other calendar-based reckoning
In the Northern Hemisphere, some authorities define the period of winter based on astronomical fixed points (i.e. based solely on the position of the Earth in its orbit around the Sun), regardless of weather conditions. In one version of this definition, winter begins at the winter solstice and ends at the vernal equinox.[12] These dates are somewhat later than those used to define the beginning and end of the meteorological winter – usually considered to span the entirety of December, January, and February in the Northern Hemisphere and June, July, and August in the Southern.[13]

Astronomically, the winter solstice, being the day of the year which has fewest hours of daylight, ought to be in the middle of the season,[14][15] but seasonal lag means that the coldest period normally follows the solstice by a few weeks. In some cultures, the season is regarded as beginning at the solstice and ending on the following equinox[16][17] – in the Northern Hemisphere, depending on the year, this corresponds to the period between 20, 21 or 22 December and 19, 20 or 21 March.

In the UK, meteorologists consider winter to be the three coldest months of December, January and February.[18] In Scandinavia, winter in one tradition begins on 14 October and ends on the last day of February.[19] In Russia, calendar winter is widely regarded to start on December 1[20] and end on February 28.[21] In many countries in the Southern Hemisphere, including Australia,[22][23] New Zealand and South Africa, winter begins on 1 June and ends on 31 August. In Celtic nations such as Ireland (using the Irish calendar) and in Scandinavia, the winter solstice is traditionally considered as midwinter, with the winter season beginning 1 November, on All Hallows, or Samhain. Winter ends and spring begins on Imbolc, or Candlemas, which is 1 or 2 February. This system of seasons is based on the length of days exclusively. (The three-month period of the shortest days and weakest solar radiation occurs during November, December and January in the Northern Hemisphere and May, June and July in the Southern Hemisphere.)

Also, many mainland European countries tended to recognize Martinmas or St. Martin's Day (11 November), as the first calendar day of winter.[24] The day falls at the midpoint between the old Julian equinox and solstice dates. Also, Valentine's Day (14 February) is recognized by some countries as heralding the first rites of spring, such as flowers blooming.

In Chinese astronomy and other East Asian calendars, winter is taken to commence on or around 7 November, with the Jiéqì (known as 立冬 lì dōng—literally, "establishment of winter").

The three-month period associated with the coldest average temperatures typically begins somewhere in late November or early December in the Northern Hemisphere and lasts through late February or early March. This "thermological winter" is earlier than the solstice delimited definition, but later than the daylight (Celtic) definition. Depending on seasonal lag, this period will vary between climatic regions.

Cultural influences such as Christmas creep may have led to the winter season being perceived as beginning earlier in recent years, although high latitude countries like Canada are usually well into their real winters before the December solstice.

Since by almost all definitions valid for the Northern Hemisphere, winter spans 31 December and 1 January, the season is split across years, just like summer in the Southern Hemisphere. Each calendar year includes parts of two winters. This causes ambiguity in associating a winter with a particular year, e.g. "Winter 2018". Solutions for this problem include naming both years, e.g. "Winter 18/19", or settling on the year the season starts in or on the year most of its days belong to, which is the later year for most definitions.

Ecological reckoning and activity
Ecological reckoning of winter differs from calendar-based by avoiding the use of fixed dates. It is one of six seasons recognized by most ecologists who customarily use the term hibernal for this period of the year (the other ecological seasons being prevernal, vernal, estival, serotinal, and autumnal).[25] The hibernal season coincides with the main period of biological dormancy each year whose dates vary according to local and regional climates in temperate zones of the Earth. The appearance of flowering plants like the crocus can mark the change from ecological winter to the prevernal season as early as late January in mild temperate climates.

To survive the harshness of winter, many animals have developed different behavioral and morphological adaptations for overwintering:

Migration is a common effect of winter upon animals, notably birds. However, the majority of birds do not migrate—the cardinal and European robin, for example. Some butterflies also migrate seasonally.
Hibernation is a state of reduced metabolic activity during the winter. Some animals "sleep" during winter and only come out when the warm weather returns; e.g., gophers, frogs, snakes, and bats.
Some animals store food for the winter and live on it instead of hibernating completely. This is the case for squirrels, beavers, skunks, badgers, and raccoons.
Resistance is observed when an animal endures winter but changes in ways such as color and musculature. The color of the fur or plumage changes to white (in order to be confused with snow) and thus retains its cryptic coloration year-round. Examples are the rock ptarmigan, Arctic fox, weasel, white-tailed jackrabbit, and mountain hare.
Some fur-coated mammals grow a heavier coat during the winter; this improves the heat-retention qualities of the fur. The coat is then shed following the winter season to allow better cooling. The heavier coat in winter made it a favorite season for trappers, who sought more profitable skins.
Snow also affects the ways animals behave; many take advantage of the insulating properties of snow by burrowing in it. Mice and voles typically live under the snow layer.
Some annual plants never survive the winter. Other annual plants require winter cold to complete their life cycle; this is known as vernalization. As for perennials, many small ones profit from the insulating effects of snow by being buried in it. Larger plants, particularly deciduous trees, usually let their upper part go dormant, but their roots are still protected by the snow layer. Few plants bloom in the winter, one exception being the flowering plum, which flowers in time for Chinese New Year. The process by which plants become acclimated to cold weather is called hardening.

Exceptionally cold winters
1683–1684, "The Great Frost", when the Thames, hosting the River Thames frost fairs, was frozen all the way up to the London Bridge and remained frozen for about two months. Ice was about 27 cm (11 in) thick in London and about 120 cm (47 in) thick in Somerset. The sea froze up to 2 miles (3.2 km) out around the coast of the southern North Sea, causing severe problems for shipping and preventing use of many harbours.
1739–1740, one of the most severe winters in the UK on record. The Thames remained frozen over for about 8 weeks. The Irish famine of 1740–1741 claimed the lives of at least 300,000 people.[26]
1816 was the Year Without a Summer in the Northern Hemisphere. The unusual coolness of the winter of 1815–1816 and of the following summer was primarily due to the eruption of Mount Tambora in Indonesia, in April 1815. There were secondary effects from an unknown eruption or eruptions around 1810, and several smaller eruptions around the world between 1812 and 1814. The cumulative effects were worldwide, but were especially strong in the Eastern United States, Atlantic Canada, and Northern Europe. Frost formed in May in New England, killing many newly planted crops, and the summer never recovered. Snow fell in New York and Maine in June, and ice formed in lakes and rivers in July and August. In the UK, snow drifts remained on hills until late July, and the Thames froze in September. Agricultural crops failed and livestock died in much of the Northern Hemisphere, resulting in food shortages and the worst famine of the 19th century.
1887–1888, there were record cold temperatures in the Upper Midwest, heavy snowfalls worldwide, and amazing storms, including the Schoolhouse Blizzard of 1888 (in the Midwest in January), and the Great Blizzard of 1888 (in the Eastern US and Canada in March).
In Europe, the winters of early 1947,[27] February 1956, 1962–1963, 1981–1982 and 2009–2010 were abnormally cold. The UK winter of 1946–1947 started out relatively normal, but became one of the snowiest UK winters to date, with nearly continuous snowfall from late January until March.
In South America the winter of 1975 was one of the strongest, with record snow occurring at 25°S in cities of low altitude, with registration of −17 °C (1.4 °F) in some parts of southern Brazil.
In the eastern United States and Canada, the winter of 2013–2014 and the second half of February 2015 were abnormally cold. However, the winter of 2014–2015 did have a balmy December and a normal January.
Other historically significant winters
1310–1330, many severe winters and cold, wet summers in Europe – the first clear manifestation of the unpredictable weather of the Little Ice Age that lasted for several centuries (from about 1300 to 1900). The persistently cold, wet weather caused great hardship, was primarily responsible for the Great Famine of 1315–1317, and strongly contributed to the weakened immunity and malnutrition leading up to the Black Death (1348–1350).
1600–1602, extremely cold winters in Switzerland and Baltic region after eruption of Huaynaputina in Peru in 1600.
1607–1608, in North America, ice persisted on Lake Superior until June. Londoners held their first frost fair on the frozen-over River Thames.
1622, in Turkey, the Golden Horn and southern section of Bosphorus froze over.
1690s, extremely cold, snowy, severe winters. Ice surrounded Iceland for miles in every direction.
1779–1780, Scotland's coldest winter on record, and ice surrounded Iceland in every direction (like in the 1690s). In the United States, a record five-week cold spell bottomed out at −20 °F (−29 °C) at Hartford, Connecticut, and −16 °F (−27 °C) in New York City. Hudson River and New York's harbor froze over.
1783–1786, the Thames partially froze, and snow remained on the ground for months. In February 1784, the North Carolina was frozen in Chesapeake Bay.
1794–1795, severe winter, with the coldest January in the UK and lowest temperature ever recorded in London: −21 °C (−6 °F) on 25 January. The cold began on Christmas Eve and lasted until late March, with a few temporary warm-ups. The Severn and Thames froze, and frost fairs started up again. The French army tried to invade the Netherlands over its frozen rivers, while the Dutch fleet was stuck in its harbor. The winter had easterlies (from Siberia) as its dominant feature.
1813–1814, severe cold, last freeze-over of Thames, and last frost fair. (Removal of old London Bridge and changes to river's banks made freeze-overs less likely.)
1883–1888, colder temperatures worldwide, including an unbroken string of abnormally cold and brutal winters in the Upper Midwest, related to the explosion of Krakatoa in August 1883. There was snow recorded in the UK as early as October and as late as July during this time period.
1976–1977, one of the coldest winters in the US in decades.
1985, Arctic outbreak in US resulting from shift in polar vortex, with many cold temperature records broken.
2002–2003 was an unusually cold winter in the Northern and Eastern US.
2010–2011, persistent bitter cold in the entire eastern half of the US from December onward, with few or no mid-winter warm-ups, and with cool conditions continuing into spring. La Niña and negative Arctic oscillation were strong factors. Heavy and persistent precipitation contributed to almost constant snow cover in the Northeastern US which finally receded in early May.
2011 was one of the coldest on record in New Zealand with sea level snow falling in Wellington in July for the first time in 35 years and a much heavier snowstorm for 3 days in a row in August.
Humans and winter
Humans are sensitive to cold, see hypothermia. Snowblindness, norovirus, seasonal depression. Slipping on black ice and falling icicles are other health concerns associated with cold and snowy weather. In the Northern Hemisphere, it is not unusual for homeless people to die from hypothermia in the winter.

One of the most common diseases associated with winter is influenza.[28]

Mythology
In Persian culture, the winter solstice is called Yaldā (meaning: birth) and it has been celebrated for thousands of years. It is referred to as the eve of the birth of Mithra, who symbolised light, goodness and strength on earth.

In Greek mythology, Hades kidnapped Persephone to be his wife. Zeus ordered Hades to return her to Demeter, the goddess of the Earth and her mother. However, Hades tricked Persephone into eating the food of the dead, so Zeus decreed that Persephone would spend six months with Demeter and six months with Hades. During the time her daughter is with Hades, Demeter became depressed and caused winter.

In Welsh mythology, Gwyn ap Nudd abducted a maiden named Creiddylad. On May Day, her lover, Gwythr ap Greidawl, fought Gwyn to win her back. The battle between them represented the contest between summer and winter.

Old Man Winter
Jack Frost
Ded Moroz
Snegurochka
Vetrright

Office Christmas Party

Office Christmas Party is a 2016 American Christmas comedy film directed by Josh Gordon and Will Speck and written by Justin Malen and Laura Solon, based on a story by Jon Lucas and Scott Moore. The film stars an ensemble cast, including Jason Bateman, Olivia Munn, T. J. Miller, Jillian Bell, Vanessa Bayer, Courtney B. Vance, Rob Corddry, Kate McKinnon, and Jennifer Aniston, and was released on December 9, 2016, by Paramount Pictures. It grossed $114 million worldwide
Plot
In December 2016, Josh Parker (Jason Bateman), Chief Technical Officer of Zenotek's Chicago branch, meets with his lawyer, Ezra (Matt Walsh), to finalize his divorce in time for the holidays. Zenotek meanwhile has failed to meet its quarterly quota, and interim CEO Carol Vanstone (Jennifer Aniston) threatens to lay off 40 percent of the staff, cut bonuses, and cancel the annual Christmas party. Her brother, branch manager Clay (T.J. Miller), is desperate to keep his staff. Carol harbors resentment toward Clay, whom she believed was her father's favorite, and threatens to shut down the branch. Josh and Clay, along with Josh's head of tech, Tracey Hughes (Olivia Munn), propose partnering with financial giant Walter Davis (Courtney B. Vance), whom they are having lunch with later that day, and Carol gives them the chance to win his business. Walter is pleased with the pitch, but concerned with another recent branch closure at Zenotek, and feels the company is more about the budget than their people. Clay invites him to their Christmas party in hopes of showing him that their company is in good standing. Before leaving town, Carol offers Josh a position at her New York headquarters to which he declines.

Clay funds an exorbitant Christmas party, much to the chagrin of Mary (Kate McKinnon), the head of Human Resources. Joel (Sam Richardson) takes DJ duty, but the party struggles to pick up even with Tracey inviting Chicago Bulls player Jimmy Butler as a friend. While initially reluctant, Walter is inadvertently doused with cocaine when it is accidentally fed into a snow machine and succumbs to his free-spirited nature. Throughout the party, various employees cut loose: Nate (Karan Soni) tries to impress two of his staff, Tim (Andrew Leeds) and Drew (Oliver Cooper), by hiring an escort named Savannah (Abbey Lee) to pretend to be his girlfriend, though Nate found out when she gives a handjob to a fellow employee; Clay's assistant and single-mom Allison (Vanessa Bayer) attempts to hook up with new hire Fred (Randall Park) but stops when he reveals he has a mother-child fetish; and customer service supervisor Jeremy (Rob Corddry) cuts loose on the dance floor with Mary, whom he previously despised. Josh and Tracey get stuck on the roof and nearly kiss before Jeremy interrupts them. Back on the dance floor, Clay eventually wins over Walter's business, and the celebration gradually grows more chaotic as employees begin partaking in orgies, damaging company property, and doing drugs.

Carol's flight is cancelled due to weather, and she rushes back to the office when she hears about the party from her Uber driver (Fortune Feimster), who took people to the party. Though Carol is initially impressed with receiving Walter's business, Walter injures himself attempting to swing off a balcony after a conversation with Clay, and is later discovered to have been fired from his firm after his sudden business closure, nullifying the contract and leaving Zenotek helpless. Carol decides then and there to shut down the branch. To add insult to injury, she reminds Josh about the job offer aloud to everyone, especially Clay. Despite Josh stating he didn't accept it, the surrounding employees angrily shun him. Tracey reveals that she was given the same offer but explicitly rejected it where Josh kept it open. Feeling betrayed about what he heard from Carol, Clay rushes off with Savannah's emotionally unstable pimp, Trina (Jillian Bell), to party elsewhere, though Trina is more interested in robbing Clay of his wealth that he is actually keeping on his person. Josh, Tracey, Mary, and Carol race off to save Clay.

One of the guests learns that the branch is being terminated and convinces everyone to throw out and destroy all the company equipment and burn everything in sight, forcing security guard Carla (Da'Vine Joy Randolph) to put down the unruly, now destructive and rebellious party. Clay ends up racing Trina's car towards an opening drawbridge, attempting to jump the gap, a feat he'd earlier mentioned to Josh. Josh drives Mary's minivan alongside him, and tries to convince Clay not to jump, but he is still heartbroken from Carol offering Josh the job, along with her past insults. Convinced he's a failure he still decides to jump, regardless of whether he makes it or even survives. After everyone, including Trina, fails to convince Clay to pull over, Josh threatens to jump the gap with him, and Clay reluctantly allows it. Scared of dying, Carol forces the steering wheel away from Josh, swerving into Clay's car and causing him to miss the drawbridge, jumping and crashing into an internet hub, which disconnects the entire city.

Trina and Savannah are arrested for their crimes, while Clay is taken to the hospital. In the wake of the internet blackout, Tracey realizes how to run a new innovation she'd been working on for several years that combines internet Wi-Fi with wired connections through the city's power grid, which had previously failed due to her inability to take the real-world interference of the existing internet signals into account. They race back to the destroyed office to set up her tech, and when it works, internet is restored to Chicago. This new innovation saves the jobs of the entire team, with Clay apologizing for how his father treated Carol. Walter, who is in the same hospital as Clay, agrees to join the team. Josh and Tracey kiss amidst the ruins of their office. Jeremy opens up to Mary, and Nate and Allison agree to go on a date. The whole group meets Carol and Clay as he's released from the hospital, and they all go out for breakfast, driving recklessly on the way.

Cast
Jason Bateman as Josh Parker, Chief of Technical Advancement, Zenotek Chicago
Olivia Munn as Tracey Hughes, Chief of R&D, Zenotek Chicago
T. J. Miller as Clay Vanstone, Head of Zenotek Chicago
Jennifer Aniston as Carol Vanstone, interim CEO of Zenotek
Kate McKinnon as Mary Winetoss, the human resources representative of Zenotek
Jillian Bell as Trina, a pimp
Courtney B. Vance as Walter Davis, representative of a huge financial company
Vanessa Bayer as Allison, Clay's assistant
Rob Corddry as Jeremy, customer service supervisor
Karan Soni as Nate, IT director
Sam Richardson as Joel, who serves as DJ during the party
Randall Park as Fred, a new employee
Abbey Lee as Savannah, an escort
Jamie Chung as Meghan
Da'Vine Joy Randolph as Carla, the security guard
Fortune Feimster as Lonny, the Uber Driver
Matt Walsh as Ezra, Josh's divorce lawyer
Ben Falcone as Doctor
Chloe Wepper as Kelsey, one of the office workers
Oliver Cooper as Drew, one of Nate's staff members
Adrian Martinez as Larry, one of the office workers
Erick Chavarria as Alan, one of the office workers
Andrew Leeds as Tim, one of Nate's staff members
Jimmy Butler as himself
Production
In 2010, Guymon Casady approached Josh Gordon and Will Speck with an original idea of his, to make a movie about a holiday office party. They subsequently set the concept up at DreamWorks Pictures, and it was later rewritten by Lee Eisenberg, Gene Stupnitsky, and Laura Solon.[4] On February 19, 2016, it was announced that Speck and Gordon would also direct the film, which would star Jennifer Aniston, Jason Bateman, T. J. Miller, and Kate McKinnon.[4] The producers were set as Scott Stuber, along with Entertainment 360's Guymon Casady and Daniel Rappaport.[5] On March 8, 2016, Randall Park joined the film,[6] and Olivia Munn was cast on March 17.[7] On April 4, 2016, Abbey Lee Kershaw joined the cast.[8] Karan Soni, Da'Vine Joy Randolph, and Jamie Chung were added on April 5, 2016,[9] and on April 6, 2016, Rob Corddry, Andrew Leeds, and Oliver Cooper were cast as well.[10]

Principal photography on the film began late March 2016 in Atlanta, Georgia.[11] In early April, filming took place in Chicago, Illinois,[12] and after that production moved to Hiram, Georgia, where it shot from April 19 to June 1, 2016.[13]

On casting Aniston in the film, Gordon stated, "We created this character for Jennifer because she's absolutely fearless when it comes to playing somewhat unlikeable characters in comedies. For her, the more daring the role, the better."[14]

Release
Office Christmas Party was released in the United States on December 9, 2016, by Paramount Pictures.[4][5] Paramount also distributed it overseas, except in several territories where Mister Smith Entertainment handled sales, including the United Kingdom and Australia, where it was handled by Entertainment One.

Reception
Box office
Office Christmas Party grossed $54.8 million in the United States and Canada and $59.7 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $114.5 million, against a production budget of $45 million.[3]

Office Christmas Party was released alongside The Bounce Back and the wide expansions of Miss Sloane and Nocturnal Animals, and was expected to gross $13–15 million from 3,210 theaters in its opening weekend.[15] It went on to make $16.9 million in its opening weekend, finishing second at the box office and on par with recent R-rated comedies like How to Be Single and Sisters. [16]

Critical response
Office Christmas Party received mixed reviews from critics. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 41% based on 169 reviews and an average rating of 4.8/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Its cast of gifted comics is good for a handful of laughs, but Office Christmas Party's overstuffed plot ultimately proves roughly as disappointing as its clichéd gags and forced sentimentality."[17] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating, the film had a score of 42 out of 100 based on 35 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[18] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale.[19]

Home media
The film was released on Digital HD on March 21, 2017,[20] before being released on DVD and Blu-ray on April 4, 2017.[21][22]

In Germany the title was changed for the home release, with the film named Dirty Office Party

جامعة جازان

جامعة جازان جامعة حكومية سعودية تقع في مدينة جازان بمنطقة جازان بالمملكة العربية السعودية وهي تحت إشراف وزارة التعليم السعودية، تأسست الجامعة في 5 يناير 2006، تمثل الجامعة اندماجاًَ بين عدد من الكليات التي أنشأتها وأشرفت عليها جامعة الملك عبد العزيز وجامعة الملك خالد،وهي الجامعة الوحيدة في منطقة جازان.
نشأة الجامعة
تأسست جامعة جازان بموجب الأمر السامي الكريم رقم 6616 / م ب وتاريخ 5 ذو الحجة عام 1426هـ الموافق 5 يناير عام 2006، وقد كانت كليات الطب و الهندسة والحاسب الآلي ونظم المعلومات والمجتمع هي نواة الجامعة، ثم ضمت كلية المعلمين التي أنشئت عام 1401 هـ الموافق 1981، وكليات التربية للبنات التي أنشئت عام 1412 هـ الموافق 1992 الموجودة في المنطقة، ثم أضيفت إليها كليات أخرى تتابع إنشاؤها، ليبلغ عدد كلياتها مع نهاية العام 1433 هـ 2012 26 كلية، كما أنشئت في الجامعة أربع وكالات للجامعة، و تسع عمادات مساندة، بلغ إجمالي عدد طلاب الجامعة بنهاية العام 1433 هـ 2012 أكثر من 58 ألف طالب وطالبة، كما بلغ أعداد هيئة التدريس ومن في حكمهم حوالي 2200 عضو، وقد خصص للمدينة الجامعة موقع كبير بلغت مساحته 9,000,000 متر مربع على ساحل البحر الأحمر شمال مدينة جازان، وضع حجر أساسها الملك عبد الله بن عبد العزيز في 14 شوال عام 1427 هـ الموافق 15 نوفمبر عام 2006، وقد انتهت فيه عدد من المشروعات و مازال البعض قيد التنفيذ .

مدراء الجامعة
تعاقب على إدارة جامعة جازان ثلاثة مدراء هم:

أسامة بن صادق عبد الرحمن طيب: من جمادى الأولى 1426 هـ / 6 يونيو 2005 إلى 14 ذو القعدة / 1428 هـ 24 نوفمبر 2007 .
محمد بن علي آل هيازع: من 14 ذو القعدة 1428 هـ / 24 نوفمبر 2007 إلى 16 صفر 1436 هـ / 9 ديسمبر 2014 .
محمد بن علي ربيع: من 16 صفر 1436 هـ / 9 ديسمبر 2014 إلى 18 رمضان 1437 هـ / 23 يونيو 2016.
مرعي بن حسين القحطاني: من 18 رمضان 1437 هـ / 23 يونيو 2016 حتى الآن.
كليات الجامعة
تحتوي جامعة جازان على 26 كلية هي:

كلية المجتمع: أنشئت الكلية في عام 1418 هـ الموافق 1997، و تتكون من قسمين هما: قسم العلوم الإدارية وقسم الحاسب الآلي و المعلومات.
كلية الطب: أنشئت في عام 1421 هـ الموافق 2000 وفيها قسم الطب و الجراحة.
كلية الهندسة :أنشئت الكلية في عام 1425 هـ الموافق 2004، وتتكون من عدة أقسام هي: قسم الهندسة الكهربائية وقسم الهندسة الميكانيكية وقسم الهندسة الصناعية وقسم الهندسة المدنية وقسم الهندسة المعمارية وقسم الهندسة الكيميائية.
كلية الحاسب الآلي و نظم المعلومات: أنشئت الكلية في عام 1425 هـ الموافق 2004، وتتكون من عدة أقسام هي: قسم علوم الحاسب الآلي وقسم نظم المعلومات وقسم هندسة الحاسب الآلي والشبكات .
كلية العلوم الطبية التطبيقية: أنشئت الكلية في عام 1426 هـ الموافق 2005، وتتكون من عده أقسام هي: قسم تقنيه المختبرات الطبية وقسم التمريض وقسم تقنية الأشعة التشخيصية وقسم العلاج الطبيعي وقسم التغذية الإكلينيكية.
كلية العلوم : أنشئت الكلية في عام 1426 هـ الموافق 2005، وتتكون من عده أقسام هي: قسم علوم الأحياء وقسم الرياضيات وقسم الفيزياء وقسم الكيمياء .
كلية الصيدلة: أنشئت الكلية في عام 1429 هـ الموافق 2008، و تتكون من عدة أقسام هي: قسم الصيدلانيات وقسم الصيدلة السريرية وقسم العقاقير وقسم الكيمياء الصيدلانية وقسم العلوم الإدارية.
كلية إدارة الأعمال: أنشئت الكلية في عام 1429 هـ الموافق 2008، وتتكون من عدة أقسام هي: قسم إدارة الأعمال وقسم التمويل و الأعمال البنكية وقسم المحاسبة وقسم نظم المعلومات الإدارية وقسم الأنظمة وقسم التسويق والتجارة الإلكترونية وقسم الاقتصاد .
كلية طب الأسنان: أنشئت الكلية في عام 1429 هـ الموافق 2008، وتتكون من عدة أقسام هي: قسم وقاية الأسنان وقسم إصلاح الأسنان وقسم علوم الاستعاضة وقسم جراحة الوجه والفكين وعلوم التشخيص.
كلية التصاميم المعمارية: أنشئت الكلية في عام 1430 هـ الموافق 2009، وتتكون من عدة أقسام هي: قسم التصميم الداخلي وقسم تصميم المنتجات وقسم العمارة وقسم التخطيط وقسم تصميم المطبوعات والوسائط المتعددة وقسم الفنون التطبيقية.
كلية الآداب و العلوم الإنسانية: أنشئت الكلية عام 1430 هـ الموافق 2009، وتتكون من عدة أقسام هي: قسم اللغة عربية وآدابها وقسم العلوم الاجتماعية وقسم المكتبات و المعلومات وقسم الصحافة والإعلام وقسم السياحة والآثار وقسم العلوم السياسية وقسم اللغة الإنجليزية.
كلية التربية: أنشئت الكلية عام 1430 هـ الموافق 2009، وتتكون من عدة أقسام هي: قسم الثقافة الإسلامية وقسم التربية الخاصة وقسم التربية وقسم التربية الفنية وقسم التربية البدنية وقسم علم النفس وقسم رياض الأطفال وقسم المناهج وطرق التدريس وقسم تقنيات التعليم .
كلية العلوم والآداب في صامطة: أنشئت الكلية عام 1430 هـ الموافق 2009، وتتكون من عدة أقسام هي: قسم الفيزياء وقسم الكيمياء وقسم رياض الأطفال وقسم الاقتصاد المنزلي وقسم اللغة الإنجليزية.
كلية العلوم والآداب في فرسان: أنشئت الكلية في عام 1430 هـ الموافق 2009، وتتكون من عدة أقسام هي: قسم اللغة الإنجليزية وقسم الاقتصاد المنزلي وقسم نظم المعلومات وقسم الرياضيات وقسم العلوم الطبية.
كلية العلوم و الآداب في الدرب: أنشئت الكلية عام 1430 هـ الموافق 2009، وتتكون من عدة أقسام هي: قسم الفيزياء وقسم الكيمياء وقسم الأحياء وقسم العلوم الطبية وقسم الرياضيات وقسم علوم الحاسب الآلي وقسم اللغة الإنجليزية وقسم إدارة الأعمال .
كلية العلوم و الآداب في العارضة: أنشئت الكلية في عام 1431 هـ الموافق 2010، وتتكون من عدة أقسام هي: قسم المختبرات الطبية وقسم الكيمياء وقسم الفيزياء وقسم علوم الحاسب وقسم اللغة الإنجليزية.
كلية الصحة العامة وطب المناطق الحارة: أنشئت الكلية عام 1432 هـ الموافق 2011، وتتكون من عده أقسام: قسم الإحصاء الطبي وقسم الوبائيات وقسم صحة البيئة قسم الصحة المهنية وقسم التوعية والتعزيز الصحي وقسم صحة الأمومة والطفولة وقسم إدارة الخدمات الصحية وقسم وإدارة المعلومات الصحية.
كلية التمريض و العلوم الصحية المساعدة: أنشئت الكلية في عام 1432 هـ الموافق 2011، وتتكون من عدة أقسام: هي قسم القبالة وقسم التمريض وقسم العمليات وقسم صحة الأسنان وقسم العلاج التنفسي وقسم الإسعاف و الطوارئ وقسم البصريات وقسم السمعيات وقسم تركيب الأسنان.
كلية الشريعة والقانون: أنشئت الكلية عام 1432 هـ الموافق 2011، وتتكون من عدة أقسام هي :قسم الشريعة وقسم القانون العام وقسم القانون الخاص.
كلية العلوم و الآداب في الداير: أنشئت الكلية في عام 1433 هـ الموافق 2012، وتتكون من عدة أقسام هي: قسم التمريض وقسم الرياضيات وقسم الأحياء وقسم اللغة الإنجليزية وقسم الدراسات الإسلامية.
كلية المعلمين سابقاً.
كلية التربية للبنات الأقسام العلمية: أنشئت الكلية عام 1412 هـ، تقع في الشمال الغربي لمنطقة جازان حي الروضة شارع الأمير سلطان.
كلية التربية للبنات الأقسام الأدبية.
كلية إعداد المعلمات.
كلية التربية بفرسان.
كلية المجتمع للبنات: أنشئت الكلية عام 1418 هـ تحت إشراف جامعة الملك سعود لتأهيل خريجي وخريجات الثانوية العامة لسوق العمل، وانتقلت الكلية لتصبح إحدى كليات جامعة الملك خالد في عام 1419 هـ، وفي عام 1426 هـ أصبحت الكلية تابعة لجامعة جازان.
العمادات المساندة
عمادة شؤون الطلاب
عمادة القبول والتسجيل
عمادة شؤون المكتبات
عمادة التعليم الإلكتروني والتعليم عن بعد
عمادة الدراسات العليا
عمادة البحث العلمي
عمادة السنة التحضيرية
عمادة التطوير الأكاديمي
عمادة خدمة المجتمع والتعليم المستمر
الخطة الاستراتيجية 2020
في 2016، دشن مدير الجامعة آنذاك الخطة التنفيذية للخطة الاستراتيجية رؤية 2020 لجامعة جازان، والمتزامنة مع برنامج التحول الوطني 2020، وقد بدأ العمل عليها في العام 2013 بالتعاون مع الشريك الاستراتيجي للجامعة معهد ستانفورد للأبحاث الدولي (SRI). وتشمل الخطة 15 هدفا استراتيجيا، إضافة إلى 43 خطوة عمل لـ 163 مبادرة، وهي تتعلق ببناء نظام إداري بمعايير عالمية، وتحقيق التميز الفكري والأكاديمي، إلى جانب إحداث التغيرات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية.

حددت الرؤية 5 أهداف تعمل على دعم التوجه إلى اعتماد أفضل الممارسات الإدارية، وصولا لتحسين جودة بيئة البحث والتعلم في الجامعة. تتضمن الأهداف تحقيق اللامركزية في صناعة القرار بالجامعة، سعيا لإيجاد ثقافة المحاسبة وسرعة الاستجابة. واستكمال البنية التحتية للحرم الجامعي، ومواصلة بناء بنية تحتية مبتكرة لتكنولوجيا المعلومات، إضافة لإيجاد ثقافة مشتركة للجامعة تقوم على التواصل والشفافية ضمن التسلسل الهرمي للجامعة وبين مقراتها. إلى جانب تطوير توصيفات رسمية للوظائف.

شملت الرؤية 6 أهداف استراتيجية تهتم بتحسين نوعية التعلم والبحث والتعليم، عبر اشتراط استخدام أساليب وتقنيات بمستوى عالمي في التدريس والتعلم، وأنشاء بيئة تهتم بنجاح الطلاب واستيعابهم للمقررات، إلى جانب التطوير الوظيفي لأعضاء التدريس، واستحداث نظام شامل للتعاقد معهم، وتقييمهم ومكافآتهم. إضافة إلى اشتراط استعدادات وقدرات أكثر وفرة من الطلاب المتقدمين، ورفع مستويات أداء الطلبة المسجلين، وتعزيز ثقافة الابتكار والتفكر المستقل، والابتكار عند كافة المنسوبين، وتشجيع الأبحاث الدولية والدخول في الدراسات والشراكات الدولية.

أفردت الرؤية 4 أهداف استراتيجية من شأنها تطوير برامج ومناهج تلبي الحاجات الاجتماعية، ومتطلبات سوق العمل، متمثلة بدفع الاستثمار في تطوير وتوسيع الوحدات الأكاديمية والبحثية، في مجالات الهندسة، العلوم الطبية، الدراسات البيئية وطب المناطق الاستوائية. إلى جانب توسيع الأقسام والكليات في مجالات الزراعة وإدارة السياحة ومصائد الأسماك. والعمل على إشراك قطاع الصناعة ومستفيديها في تطوير المناهج الدراسية. والعمل على الاستثمار في القدرة التحليلية لفهم احتياجات المنطقة وتقييمها بشكل دوري.

معهد الإدارة الرصافة

معهد الإدارة الرصافة يقع في محافظة بغداد في باب المعظم تأسس  عام 1964 لتخريج الملاكات الإدارية الوسطى من خلال قبول الطلبة من خريجي الدراسة الإعدادية للفرعين العلمي والأدبي والتجاري ومنحهم شهادة الدبلوم التقني ويضم عدة أقسام علمية.
أقسام المعهد
المحاسبة تأسس عام 1971
تقنيات إدارة المكتب تأسس عام 1971
تقنيات إدارة الموارد تأسس عام 1972
أنظمة الحاسبات تأسس عام 1985
الإحصاء والمعلوماتية تأسس عام 2007
تقنيات مالية ومصرفية تأسس عام 2007
تقنيات المعلومات والمكتبات تأسس عام 2007
تقنيات الإدارة الرياضية 2014
عمداء المعهد
السيد طه ياسين الحديثي (1969 – 1972)
السيد عبد الغني نصيف (1972 – 1973)
السيد عدنان إبراهيم علو (1973)
السيد عبدالرزاق الشيخلي (1973 – 1975)
السيد سعد الله حسن (1975 – 1977)
د. شوقي ناجي جواد (1977 – 1979)
السيد إسماعيل محمد علي طاهر (1979 – 1980)
السيدة اديبة المشاط (1980 – 1981)
السيد ضياء سلامة عبدالمجيد (1981)
السيدة سعاد إبراهيم علي (1981)       
د. ربيع عبد الحميد الهاشمي (1982 – 1984)
السيد عبد الكريم محسن باقر (1984 – 1988)
د. محمد عبد الوهاب العزاوي (1988 – 1993)
د. سعد  زناد دروش (1993 – 2000)
د. عادل طالب المعاضيدي (2000 – 2003)
أ . د. هلال ادريس مجيد (2003 – 2007)
د. ثامر جعفر الله ويردي (2007 -2008)
د. محمد ناصر (2008 - 2012)
بتول جعفر علي ( 2012-2018 )
سوسن جواد حسين (2018 - الى الان 

سامي عنان

الفريق سامي حافظ عنان قائد عسكري مصري، شغل سابقاً منصب رئيس أركان حرب القوات المسلحة ونائب رئيس المجلس الأعلى للقوات المسلحة أثناء إدارة المجلس شئون البلاد عقب ثورة يناير2011، ترشح لانتخابات الرئاسة المصرية التي أجريت في مارس 2018، وتقلد رئاسة أركان حرب القوات المسلحة المصرية بين عام 2005 وحتى 12 أغسطس 2012 حيث أقاله رئيس الجمهورية محمد مرسي آنذاك كما أقال وزير الدفاع القائد العام للقوات المسلحة المشير محمد حسين طنطاوي من منصبهما وعُينّا كمستشاريّن لرئيس الجمهورية. اختفى سامي عنان عن الساحة السياسية طوال حكم مرسي وعدلي منصور، وفي 2013، وأثناء مظاهرات دعت إليها حركة تمرد وجبهة الإنقاذ المعارضة في مصر ضد الرئيس محمد مرسي قدم عنان استقالته من منصب المستشارية في 1 يوليو 2013.

أعلن عنان عزمه التقدم كمرشح لرئاسة الجمهورية في الإنتخابات الرئاسية سنة 2014 إلا أنه عدل عن خوضها لصالح عبد الفتاح السيسي. وعاد بعدها ليترشح في الانتخابات الرئاسية المصرية سنة 2018 أمام عبد الفتاح السيسي. والذي قامت على إثره القوات المسلحة باعتقاله بدعوى أنه قام بالتزوير في محررات رسمية والتهرب من الخدمة العسكرية. وأصدر المدعي العام العسكري في نفس اليوم قرارا بـ"حظر النشر" في الإتهامات الموجهة إليه. وفي 20 إبريل 2018، أكد محامي عنان تبرئته في تهمة "مخالفة القواعد العسكرية"، إلا أنه حبسه جُدد لمدة أربعة أيام على ذمة محاكمته بتهمة "التزوير في محررات رسمية" أمام محكمة عسكرية، وجدد المدعي العام قرار "حظر النشر" في القضيتين.

شارك سامي عنان في حرب الاستنزاف وحرب أكتوبر. عين كقائد الفرقة 15 د جو م ج ع 1997 وقائداً لقوات الدفاع الجوي في يوليو 2001. أصدر الرئيس السابق محمد حسني مبارك قراراً بتعيينه رئيساً للأركان في العام 2005.

ما بعد الفترة الانتقالية لإدارة المجلس العسكري
في 12 أغسطس 2012 ألغى رئيس الجمهورية محمد مرسي إعلانا دستوريا مكملا كان المجلس الأعلى للقوات المسلحة أصدره في يونيو 2012، كما أقال محمد مرسي سامي عنان والمشير محمد حسين طنطاوي من منصبي رئيس أركان حرب القوات المسلحة ووزير الدفاع القائد العام للقوات المسلحة وعين بدلا منهما عبد الفتاح السيسي وزيراً للدفاع وقائداً عاماً للقوات المسلحة، بعد ترقيته إلى رتبة فريق، وعين صدقي صبحي سيد أحمد رئيساً للأركان. كما منح سامي عنان قلادة الجمهورية ومنح طنطاوي قلادة النيل وعُيّنا كمستشارين لرئيس الجمهورية. بعد مظاهرات 30 يونيو التي دعت إليها حركة تمرد وجبهة الإنقاذ المعارضة في مصر ضد الرئيس محمد مرسي، قدم عنان استقالته من منصب المستشارية في 1 يوليو 2013.

الانتخابات الرئاسية 2018
أعلن حزب العروبة اختيار عنان للترشح لرئاسة الجمهورية في 12 يناير 2018، ونُشر فيديو يعلن فيه عنان ترشحه لانتخابات الرئاسة المصرية عام 2018 في 19 يناير بعد ساعات من إعلان الرئيس عبد الفتاح السيسي ترشحه. وقال عنان في الفيديو أنه سيقدم أوراقه «فور إنتهائي من إستيفاء إجرائات لا بد لي كرئيس أسبق لأركان حرب القوات المسلحة المصرية من استيفائها وفقا للقوانين والنظم العسكرية» كما أشار إلى "تشكيل نواة مدنية" لمنظومة الرئاسة ذكر فيها هشام جنينة، الرئيس السابق للجهاز المركزي للمحاسبات نائبا لشؤون حقوق الإنسان وتعزيز الشفافية وحازم حسني أستاذ الاقتصاد والعلوم السياسية بجامعة القاهرة نائبا لشؤون الثورة المعرفية والتمكين السياسي والإقتصادي.

تبع إعلان الترشح هجوم إعلامي لاذع وبحسب البي بي سي، بدأت وسائل الإعلام المصرية المحسوبة في مجملها على النظام الحالي بشن هجوم على عنان، وقال مؤيدون للسيسي، إن لا شعبية حقيقية لعنان في الشارع المصري مدللين أن ذلك سيتكشف بوضوح في الإنتخابات، مشيرين إلى أن الدليل على أن النظام الحالي لا يخشى ترشح عنان أو غيره، هو عدم سعيه لمنعه أو منع مرشحين آخرين من الترشح لتلك الانتخابات، كما ركز الإعلام المصري أيضا في جانب من هجومه على اتهامه لعنان بأنه من أنصار الإخوان، وهي نفس التهمة التي وجهها نفس الإعلام إلى نائبيه اللذين أسماهما وهما المستشار جنينه والدكتور حازم حسني.

توقيفه 2018
تم توقيف عنان في 23 يناير 2018 واقتيد إلى النيابة العسكرية، وتبع ذلك بَث بيان شديد اللهجة على صفحة القيادة العامة للقوات المسلحة على فيسبوك يتهم عنان بمخالفة لوائح وقوانين القوات المسلحة بـ«إعلانه الترشح لرئاسة الجمهورية دون الحصول على موافقة القوات المسلحة، أو اتخاذ ما يلزم من إجراءات لإنهاء استدعائها له» وبالإضافة إلى اعتبار تضمن إعلان ترشح عنان ما وصفه البيان "تحريضا صريحا ضد القوات المسلحة"، و"محاولة الوقيعة بينها وبين الشعب المصري العظيم"، وأضاف البيان أن أوراق عنان تضمنت إنهاء خدمته في القوات "على غير الحقيقة" الذي عده البيان جريمة تزوير في المحررات الرسمية. وأعلنت حملة ترشيحه عقب إعتقاله أنها ستتوقف حتى إشعار آخر. بينما قضت محكمة الأمور المستعجلة بقبول دعوى طالبت بإلزام وزارة الدفاع تقديم شهادة تفيد بأن الفريق سامي عنان مستمر كضابط تحت الاستدعاء فيها قبل تقديمه أوراق الترشح للانتخابات الرئاسية، وذلك بالتزامن مع بيان القوات المسلحة. وأعلنت الهيئة الوطنية للانتخابات حذف اسم الفريق سامي عنان من قاعدة بيانات الناخبين وأصدر المدعي العام العسكري في نفس اليوم بـ"حظر نشر" في الإتهامات الموجهة إلى عنان.

وفي 12 فبراير 2018 صدر قرار بالتحفظ على أموال سامي عنان وأسرته. ثم صدرت تصريحات عن هشام جنينة جاء فيها تهديدا بكشف أسرار تُدين النظام الحالي والجيش في حال تعرض عنان للتصفية. وعقب تلك التصريحات ألقي القبض على هشام جنينة في 13 فبراير 2018.

التأهيل العسكري
قبل توليه رئيس أركان حرب القوات المسلحة كان يشغل منصب قائد قوات الدفاع الجوي.
تلقى العديد من الدورات المتخصصة في مجال الدفاع الجوي.
دورة الدفاع الجوي الأساسية.
دورة قائد كتيبة صواريخ.
قائد كتائب صواريخ.
دورة الموظفين المتخصصين.
تلقى الفريق سامي عنان دورات في مجال الدفاع الجوي من روسيا.
زمالة كلية الدفاع الوطني من أكاديمية ناصر العسكرية.
زمالة كلية الحرب العليا من أكاديمية ناصر العسكرية.
تلقى دورات من فرنسا في مجال الدفاع الجوي.
مسيرته المهنية
ملحق الدفاع في المغرب أغسطس 1990
قائد لواء أغسطس 1992
قائد الفرقة الخامسة عشر دفاع جوي يناير 1996
رئيس فرع العمليات الدفاع الجوي يوليو 1998
رئيس أركان قوات الدفاع الجوي يناير 2000
قائد قوات الدفاع الجوي (2001 - 2005)
رئيس أركان حرب القوات المسلحة المصرية (2005 - 2012)
نائب رئيس المجلس الأعلى للقوات المسلحة 2011، أثناء إدارة المجلس شئون البلاد عقب ثورة يناير، وهو منصب يوازي نائب رئيس الجمهورية.
مستشار الرئيس السابق محمد مرسي أغسطس 2012.
تقدم بأوراق ترشحه لانتخابات الرئاسة المصرية عام 2018.
الحروب
حرب الاستنزاف
حرب أكتوبر 1973
الأوسمة والأنواط والميداليات
نوط الخدمة الممتازة.
ميدالية الخدمة الطويلة والقدوة الحسنة.
وسام الملك عبد العزيز من الدرجة الممتازة (من المملكة العربية السعودية).
وسام الجمهورية.

عمر مروان

عمر الخطاب مروان هو وزير العدل المصري الحالي. وشغل سابقاً منصب وزير شئون مجلس النواب

زياد علي

زياد علي محمد