السبت، 25 يناير 2020

गणतंत्र दिवस

गणतन्त्र दिवस भारत का एक राष्ट्रीय पर्व है जो प्रति वर्ष 26 जनवरी को मनाया जाता है। इसी दिन सन् 1950 को भारत सरकार अधिनियम (एक्ट) (1935) को हटाकर भारत का संविधान लागू किया गया था। एक स्वतंत्र गणराज्य बनने और देश में कानून का राज स्थापित करने के लिए संविधान को 26 नवम्बर 1949 को भारतीय संविधान सभा द्वारा अपनाया गया और 26 जनवरी 1950 को इसे एक लोकतांत्रिक सरकार प्रणाली के साथ लागू किया गया था। 26 जनवरी को इसलिए चुना गया था क्योंकि 1930 में इसी दिन भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस (आई० एन० सी०) ने भारत को पूर्ण स्वराज घोषित किया था। यह भारत के तीन राष्ट्रीय अवकाशों में से एक है, अन्य दो स्‍वतंत्रता दिवस और गांधी जयंती हैं।
इतिहास
सन् 1929 के दिसंबर में लाहौर में भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस का अधिवेशन पंडित जवाहरलाल नेहरू की अध्यक्षता में हुआ जिसमें प्रस्ताव पारित कर इस बात की घोषणा की गई कि यदि अंग्रेज सरकार 26 जनवरी 1930 तक भारत को स्वायत्तयोपनिवेश (डोमीनियन) का पद नहीं प्रदान करेगी, जिसके तहत भारत ब्रिटिश साम्राज्य में ही स्वशासित एकाई बन जाने उस दिन भारत की पूर्ण स्वतंत्रता के निश्चय की घोषणा की और अपना सक्रिय आंदोलन आरंभ किया। उस दिन से 1947 में स्वतंत्रता प्राप्त होने तक 26 जनवरी स्वतंत्रता दिवस के रूप में मनाया जाता रहा। इसके पश्चात स्वतंत्रता प्राप्ति के वास्तविक दिन 15 अगस्त को भारत के स्वतंत्रता दिवस के रूप में स्वीकार किया गया। भारत के आज़ाद हो जाने के बाद संविधान सभा की घोषणा हुई और इसने अपना कार्य 9 दिसम्बर 1947 से आरम्भ कर दिया। संविधान सभा के सदस्य भारत के राज्यों की सभाओं के निर्वाचित सदस्यों के द्वारा चुने गए थे। डॉ० भीमराव आंबेडकर, जवाहरलाल नेहरू, डॉ राजेन्द्र प्रसाद, सरदार वल्लभ भाई पटेल, मौलाना अबुल कलाम आजाद आदि इस सभा के प्रमुख सदस्य थे। संविधान निर्माण में कुल 22 समितीयां थी जिसमें प्रारूप समिति (ड्राफ्टींग कमेटी) सबसे प्रमुख एवं महत्त्वपूर्ण समिति थी और इस समिति का कार्य संपूर्ण ‘संविधान लिखना’ या ‘निर्माण करना’ था। प्रारूप समिति के अध्यक्ष विधिवेत्ता डॉ० भीमराव आंबेडकर थे। प्रारूप समिति ने और उसमें विशेष रूप से डॉ. आंबेडकर जी ने 2 वर्ष, 11 माह, 18 दिन में भारतीय संविधान का निर्माण किया और संविधान सभा के अध्यक्ष डॉ. राजेन्द्र प्रसाद को 26 नवम्बर 1949 को भारत का संविधान सुपूर्द किया, इसलिए 26 नवम्बर दिवस को भारत में संविधान दिवस के रूप में प्रति वर्ष मनाया जाता है। संविधान सभा ने संविधान निर्माण के समय कुल 114 दिन बैठक की। इसकी बैठकों में प्रेस और जनता को भाग लेने की स्वतन्त्रता थी। अनेक सुधारों और बदलावों के बाद सभा के 308 सदस्यों ने 24 जनवरी 1950 को संविधान की दो हस्तलिखित कॉपियों पर हस्ताक्षर किये। इसके दो दिन बाद संविधान 26 जनवरी को यह देश भर में लागू हो गया। 26 जनवरी का महत्व बनाए रखने के लिए इसी दिन संविधान निर्मात्री सभा (कांस्टीट्यूएंट असेंबली) द्वारा स्वीकृत संविधान में भारत के गणतंत्र स्वरूप को मान्यता प्रदान की गई।

गणतंत्र दिवस समारोह
26 जनवरी को गणतंत्र दिवस समारोह पर भारत के राष्ट्रपति द्वारा भारतीय राष्ट्र ध्वज को फहराया जाता हैं और इसके बाद सामूहिक रूप में खड़े होकर राष्ट्रगान गाया जाता है। फिर राष्ट्रीय ध्वज तिरंगा को सलामी दिया जाता है । गणतंत्र दिवस को पूरे देश में विशेष रूप से भारत की राजधानी दिल्ली में बहुत उत्साह के साथ मनाया जाता है। इस अवसर के महत्व को चिह्नित करने के लिए हर साल एक भव्य परेड इंडिया गेट से राष्ट्रपति भवन (राष्ट्रपति के निवास) तक राजपथ पर राजधानी, नई दिल्ली में आयोजित किया जाता है। इस भव्य परेड में भारतीय सेना के विभिन्न रेजिमेंट, वायुसेना, नौसेना आदि सभी भाग लेते हैं। इस समारोह में भाग लेने के लिए देश के सभी हिस्सों से राष्ट्रीय कडेट कोर व विभिन्न विद्यालयों से बच्चे आते हैं, समारोह में भाग लेना एक सम्मान की बात होती है। परेड प्रारंभ करते हुए प्रधानमंत्री अमर जवान ज्योति (सैनिकों के लिए एक स्मारक) जो राजपथ के एक छोर पर इंडिया गेट पर स्थित है पर पुष्प माला डालते हैं| इसके बाद शहीद सैनिकों की स्मृति में दो मिनट मौन रखा जाता है। यह देश की संप्रभुता की रक्षा के लिए लड़े युद्ध व स्वतंत्रता आंदोलन में देश के लिए बलिदान देने वाले शहीदों के बलिदान का एक स्मारक है। इसके बाद प्रधानमंत्री, अन्य व्यक्तियों के साथ राजपथ पर स्थित मंच तक आते हैं, राष्ट्रपति बाद में अवसर के मुख्य अतिथि के साथ आते हैं।

परेड में विभिन्न राज्यों की प्रदर्शनी भी होती हैं, प्रदर्शनी में हर राज्य के लोगों की विशेषता, उनके लोक गीत व कला का दृश्यचित्र प्रस्तुत किया जाता है। हर प्रदर्शिनी भारत की विविधता व सांस्कृतिक समृद्धि प्रदर्शित करती है। परेड और जुलूस राष्ट्रीय टेलीविजन पर प्रसारित होता है और देश के हर कोने में करोड़ों दर्शकों के द्वारा देखा जाता है। 2014 में, भारत के 64वें गणतंत्र दिवस के अवसर पर, महाराष्ट्र सरकार के प्रोटोकॉल विभाग ने पहली बार मुंबई के मरीन ड्राईव पर परेड आयोजित की, जैसी हर वर्ष नई दिल्ली में राजपथ में होती है।[1]

26 يناير

26 يناير أو 26 كانون الثاني أو يوم 26\1 (اليوم السادس والعشرون من الشهر الأوَّل) هو اليوم السادس والعشرون (26) من السنة وفقًا للتقويم الميلادي الغربي (الغريغوري). يبقى بعده 339 يومًا لانتهاء السنة، أو 340 يومًا في السنوات الكبيسة.
أحداث
1340 - ملك إنجلترا إدوارد الثالث يعلن ملكًا على فرنسا.
1479 - السلطان العثماني محمد الفاتح يستولي على مدينة أشقودرة بشمال ألبانيا والتي كانت خاضعة لحكم البنادقة.
1699 - توقيع معاهدة كارلوفجة بين الدولة العثمانية والنمسا وروسيا والبندقية والتي بمقتضاها تنازلت الدولة العثمانية عن بلاد المجر وإقليم ترانسيلفانيا للنمسا، ومدينة أزاق لروسيا.
1785 - بنجامين فرانكلين يكتب رسالة إلى ابنته يظهر فيها إحباطه بسبب اختيار النسر كرمز للولايات المتحدة بدلًا من الديك الرومي.
1788 - الأسطول الأول البريطاني تحت قيادة آرثر فيليب يبحر إلى ميناء سيدني لتأسيس مدينة سيدني المستوطنة الأوروبية الدائمة الأولى في القارة، ويحتفل بهذا اليوم كيوم أستراليا الوطني.
1802 - الكونغرس الأمريكي يقر قانون لإنشاء مكتبة، وهذه المكتبة أصبحت فيما بعد مكتبة الكونغرس.
1837 - ميشيغان تصبح الولاية الأمريكية السادسة والعشرون.
1841 - المملكة المتحدة تحتل هونغ كونغ.
1861 - ولاية لويزيانا تنفصل عن الولايات المتحدة.
1870 - انضمام فيرجينيا للمرة الثانية إلى اتحاد الولايات الأمريكية.
1885 - القوات الموالية للمهدي تحتل الخرطوم.
1901 - القوات الفرنسية في الجزائر تصادر أملاك المشاركين في ثورة عين التركي.
1937 - السلطات الفرنسية في الجزائر تحل حزب نجم شمال إفريقيا الذي يتزعمه مصالي الحاج.
1939 - القوات الموالية لفرانسيسكو فرانكو تحتل برشلونة بمساعدة من إيطاليا.
1942 - وصول طلائع القوات الأمريكية الأولى إلى أوروبا في أيرلندا الشمالية وذلك للمشاركة في الحرب العالمية الثانية.
1952 - اندلاع حريق كبير في القاهرة التهمت خلاله النار نحو 700 محل وسينما وكازينو وفندق ومكتب ونادي في شوارع وميادين وسط المدينة.
1962 - المسبار "رينجر 3" ينطلق لدراسة القمر، لكنه أخطأ هدفه بما يقدر بحوالي 22000 ميل (35400 كيلومتر).
1965 - اللغة الهندية تصبح اللغة الرسمية للهند.
1980 - بدايه إقامة العلاقات الدبلوماسية بين إسرائيل ومصر.
1981 - مصر تستعيد سيناء والعريش إلى سيادتها بعد أن كانو تحت السيطرة الإسرائيلية.
1983 - إصدار برنامج لوتس 1-2-3.
1992 - الرئيس الروسي بوريس يلتسن يعلن بأن روسيا ستتوقف عن استهداف المدن الأمريكية بالأسلحة النووية.
1994 - رجل يطلق عيارين ناريين فارغين على الأمير تشارلز أمير ويلز في سيدني بأستراليا.
1996 - السيدة الأمريكية الأولى هيلاري كلينتون تدلي بشهادتها أمام هيئة المحلفين الكبرى بما عرف بفضيحة وايت ووتر.
1998 -
الرئيس الأمريكي بيل كلينتون ينكر خلال تسجيل تلفزيوني إقامة علاقة جنسية مع المتدربة في البيت الأبيض مونيكا لوينسكي.
شركة كومباك تشتري "ديجيتال إيكويبمنت كوربوريشن".
2005 -
كونداليزا رايز تؤدي اليمين كوزير للخارجية الأمريكية، لتصبح أول امرأة أمريكية من أصل أفريقي تتولى هذا المنصب.
تحطم ثلاثة قطارات في "جلنديل" بكاليفورنيا قرب لوس أنجلوس يوقع 11 قتيل و200 جريح.

26 January

January 26 is the 26th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. 339 days remain until the end of the year (340 in leap years).
Events
661 – The Rashidun Caliphate is effectively ended with the assassination of Ali, the last caliph.
945 – The co-emperors Stephen and Constantine are overthrown and forced to become monks by Constantine VII,[1] who becomes sole emperor of the Byzantine Empire.
1500 – Vicente Yáñez Pinzón becomes the first European to set foot on Brazil.
1531 – The 6.4–7.1 Mw Lisbon earthquake kills about thirty thousand people.
1564 – The Council of Trent establishes an official distinction between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism.
1564 – The Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeats the Tsardom of Russia in the Battle of Ula during the Livonian War.
1565 – Battle of Talikota, fought between the Vijayanagara Empire and the Deccan sultanates, leads to the subjugation, and eventual destruction of the last Hindu kingdom in India, and the consolidation of Islamic rule over much of the Indian subcontinent.
1699 – For the first time, the Ottoman Empire permanently cedes territory to the Christian powers.
1700 – The 8.7–9.2 Mw Cascadia earthquake takes place off the west coast of North America, as evidenced by Japanese records.
1736 – Stanislaus I of Poland abdicates his throne.
1788 – The British First Fleet, led by Arthur Phillip, sails into Port Jackson (Sydney Harbour) to establish Sydney, the first permanent European settlement on Australia. Commemorated as Australia Day.
1808 – The Rum Rebellion is the only successful (albeit short-lived) armed takeover of the government in New South Wales.
1837 – Michigan is admitted as the 26th U.S. state.
1838 – Tennessee enacts the first prohibition law in the United States.
1841 – James Bremer takes formal possession of Hong Kong Island at what is now Possession Point, establishing British Hong Kong.
1855 – Point No Point Treaty is signed in Washington Territory.
1856 – First Battle of Seattle. Marines from the USS Decatur drive off American Indian attackers after all day battle with settlers.
1861 – American Civil War: The state of Louisiana secedes from the Union.
1863 – American Civil War: General Ambrose Burnside is relieved of command of the Army of the Potomac after the disastrous Fredericksburg campaign. He is replaced by Joseph Hooker.
1863 – American Civil War: Governor of Massachusetts John Albion Andrew receives permission from the Secretary of War to raise a militia organization for men of African descent.
1870 – Reconstruction Era: Virginia rejoins the Union.
1885 – Troops loyal to The Mahdi conquer Khartoum, killing the Governor-General Charles George Gordon.
1905 – The world's largest diamond ever, the Cullinan weighing 3,106.75 carats (0.621350 kg), is found at the Premier Mine near Pretoria in South Africa.
1911 – Glenn Curtiss flies the first successful American seaplane.
1915 – The Rocky Mountain National Park is established by an act of the U.S. Congress.
1918 – Finnish Civil War: A group of Red Guards hangs a red lantern atop the tower of Helsinki Workers' Hall to symbolically mark the start of the war.
1920 – Former Ford Motor Company executive Henry Leland launches the Lincoln Motor Company which he later sold to his former employer.
1926 – The first demonstration of the television by John Logie Baird.
1930 – The Indian National Congress declares 26 January as Independence Day or as the day for Poorna Swaraj ("Complete Independence") which occurred 17 years later.
1934 – The Apollo Theater reopens in Harlem, New York City.
1934 – German–Polish Non-Aggression Pact is signed.
1939 – Spanish Civil War: Catalonia Offensive: Troops loyal to nationalist General Francisco Franco and aided by Italy take Barcelona.
1942 – World War II: The first United States forces arrive in Europe landing in Northern Ireland.
1945 – World War II: The Red Army begins encircling the German Fourth Army near Heiligenbeil in East Prussia, which will end in destruction of the 4th Army two months later.
1945 – World War II: Audie Murphy displays valor and bravery in action for which he will later be awarded the Medal of Honor.
1949 – The Hale telescope at Palomar Observatory sees first light under the direction of Edwin Hubble, becoming the largest aperture optical telescope (until BTA-6 is built in 1976).
1950 – The Constitution of India comes into force, forming a republic. Rajendra Prasad is sworn in as its first President of India. Observed as Republic Day in India.
1952 – Black Saturday in Egypt: rioters burn Cairo's central business district, targeting British and upper-class Egyptian businesses.
1956 – Soviet Union cedes Porkkala back to Finland.
1961 – John F. Kennedy appoints Janet G. Travell to be the first woman Physician to the President.
1962 – Ranger 3 is launched to study the Moon. The space probe later misses the moon by 22,000 miles (35,400 km).
1965 – Hindi becomes the official language of India.
1972 – JAT Fight 367 is destroyed by a terrorist bomb, killing 27 of the 28 people on board the DC-9. Flight attendant Vesna Vulović survives with critical injuries.[2]
1980 – Israel and Egypt establish diplomatic relations.
1986 – The Ugandan government of Tito Okello is overthrown by the National Resistance Army, led by Yoweri Museveni.
1991 – Mohamed Siad Barre is removed from power in Somalia, ending centralized government, and is succeeded by Ali Mahdi.
1992 – Boris Yeltsin announces that Russia will stop targeting United States cities with nuclear weapons.
1998 – Lewinsky scandal: On American television, U.S. President Bill Clinton denies having had "sexual relations" with former White House intern Monica Lewinsky.
2001 – The 7.7 Mw Gujarat earthquake shakes Western India with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme), leaving 13,805–20,023 dead and about 166,800 injured.
2009 – Rioting breaks out in Antananarivo, Madagascar, sparking a political crisis that will result in the replacement of President Marc Ravalomanana with Andry Rajoelina.
2015 – An aircraft crashes at Los Llanos Air Base in Albacete, Spain, killing 11 people and injuring 21 others.
Births
183 – Lady Zhen, wife of Cao Pi (d. 221)
1436 – Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset, Lancastrian military commander (d. 1464)
1467 – Guillaume Budé, French scholar (d. 1540)
1495 – Emperor Go-Nara of Japan (d. 1557)
1541 – Florent Chrestien, French poet and translator (d. 1596)
1549 – Jakob Ebert, German theologian (d. 1614)
1582 – Giovanni Lanfranco, Italian painter (d. 1647)
1595 – Antonio Maria Abbatini, Italian composer (d. 1679)
1624 – George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (d. 1705)
1657 – William Wake, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1737)
1708 – William Hayes, English organist, composer, and conductor (d. 1777)
1714 – Jean-Baptiste Pigalle, French sculptor and educator (d. 1785)
1716 – George Germain, 1st Viscount Sackville, English general and politician, Secretary of State for the Colonies (d. 1785)
1722 – Alexander Carlyle, Scottish minister and author (d. 1805)
1763 – Charles XIV John of Sweden (d. 1844)
1781 – Ludwig Achim von Arnim, German poet and author (d. 1831)
1813 – Juan Pablo Duarte, Dominican philosopher and poet (d. 1876)
1824 – Emil Czyrniański, Polish chemist (d. 1888)[3]
1832 – George Shiras, Jr., American lawyer and jurist (d. 1924)
1842 – François Coppée, French poet and author (d. 1908)
1852 – Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza, Italian-French explorer (d. 1905)
1857 – 12th Dalai Lama (d. 1875)
1861 – Louis Anquetin, French painter (d. 1932)
1864 – József Pusztai, Slovene-Hungarian poet and journalist (d. 1934)
1866 – John Cady, American golfer (d. 1933)
1878 – Dave Nourse, English-South African cricketer and coach (d. 1948)
1880 – Douglas MacArthur, American general, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1964)
1885 – Michael Considine, Irish-Australian politician (d. 1959)
1885 – Harry Ricardo, English engineer and academic (d. 1974)
1885 – Per Thorén, Swedish figure skater (d. 1962)
1887 – François Faber, French-Luxembourgian cyclist (d. 1915)
1887 – Marc Mitscher, American admiral and pilot (d. 1947)
1887 – Dimitris Pikionis, Greek architect and academic (d. 1968)
1891 – Frank Costello, Italian-American mob boss (d. 1973)
1891 – August Froehlich, German priest and martyr (d. 1942)
1891 – Wilder Penfield, American-Canadian neurosurgeon and academic (d. 1976)
1892 – Bessie Coleman, American pilot (d. 1926)
1893 – Giuseppe Genco Russo, Italian mob boss (d. 1976)
1899 – Günther Reindorff, Russian-Estonian graphic designer and illustrator (d. 1974)
1900 – Karl Ristenpart, German conductor (d. 1967)
1902 – Menno ter Braak, Dutch author (d. 1940)
1904 – Ancel Keys, American physiologist and nutritionist (d. 2004)
1904 – Seán MacBride, Irish lawyer and politician, Irish Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1988)
1905 – Charles Lane, American actor and singer (d. 2007)
1905 – Maria von Trapp, Austrian-American singer (d. 1987)
1907 – Henry Cotton, English golfer (d. 1987)
1907 – Dimitrios Holevas, Greek priest and philologist (d. 2001)
1908 – Jill Esmond, English actress (d. 1990)
1908 – Rupprecht Geiger, German painter and sculptor (d. 2009)
1908 – Stéphane Grappelli, French violinist (d. 1997)
1910 – Jean Image, Hungarian-French animator, director, and screenwriter (d. 1989)
1911 – Polykarp Kusch, German-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1993)
1911 – Norbert Schultze, German composer and conductor (d. 2002)
1913 – Jimmy Van Heusen, American pianist and composer (d. 1990)
1914 – Dürrüşehvar Sultan, Imperial Princess of the Ottoman Empire (d. 2006)
1915 – William Hopper, American actor (d. 1970)
1917 – Louis Zamperini, American runner and captain (d. 2014)
1918 – Nicolae Ceaușescu, Romanian dictator, 1st President of Romania (d. 1989)
1918 – Philip José Farmer, American author (d. 2009)
1919 – Valentino Mazzola, Italian footballer (d. 1949)
1919 – Bill Nicholson, English footballer and manager (d. 2004)
1919 – Hyun Soong-jong, South Korean politician, 24th Prime Minister of South Korea
1920 – Hans Holzer, Austrian-American paranormal researcher and author (d. 2009)
1921 – Eddie Barclay, French record producer, founded Barclay Records (d. 2005)
1921 – Akio Morita, Japanese businessman, co-founded Sony (d. 1999)
1922 – Michael Bentine, English actor and screenwriter (d. 1996)
1922 – Seán Flanagan, Irish footballer and politician, 7th Irish Minister for Health (d. 1993)
1922 – Gil Merrick, English footballer (d. 2010)
1923 – Patrick J. Hannifin, American admiral (d. 2014)
1923 – Anne Jeffreys, American actress and singer (d. 2017)
1924 – Annette Strauss, American philanthropist and politician, Mayor of Dallas (d. 1998)
1925 – David Jenkins, English bishop and theologian (d. 2016)
1925 – Joan Leslie, American actress (d. 2015)
1925 – Paul Newman, American actor, activist, director, race car driver, and businessman, co-founded Newman's Own (d. 2008)
1925 – Ben Pucci, American football player and sportscaster (d. 2013)
1925 – Claude Ryan, Canadian journalist and politician (d. 2004)
1926 – Farman Fatehpuri, Pakistani linguist and scholar (d. 2013)
1926 – Joseph Bacon Fraser, Jr., American architect and businessman, co-founded the Sea Pines Company (d. 2014)
1927 – José Azcona del Hoyo, Honduran businessman and politician, President of Honduras (d. 2005)
1927 – Bob Nieman, American baseball player and scout (d. 1985)
1927 – Hubert Schieth, German footballer and manager (d. 2013)
1928 – Roger Vadim, French actor and director (d. 2000)
1929 – Jules Feiffer, American cartoonist, playwright, screenwriter, and educator
1934 – Roger Landry, Canadian businessman and publisher
1934 – Charles Marowitz, American director, playwright, and critic (d. 2014)
1934 – Huey "Piano" Smith, American pianist and songwriter
1934 – Bob Uecker, American baseball player, sportscaster and actor
1935 – Corrado Augias, Italian journalist and politician
1935 – Henry Jordan, American football player (d. 1977)
1935 – Paula Rego, Portuguese-born British visual artist
1936 – Sal Buscema, American illustrator
1937 – Joseph Saidu Momoh, Sierra Leonean soldier and politician, 2nd President of Sierra Leone (d. 2003)
1938 – Henry Jaglom, English-American director and screenwriter
1940 – Séamus Hegarty, Irish bishop
1940 – Frank Large, English footballer, centre forward and cricketer (d. 2003)[4]
1943 – César Gutiérrez, Venezuelan baseball player and manager (d. 2005)
1943 – Jack Warner, Trinidadian businessman and politician
1944 – Angela Davis, American activist, academic, and author
1944 – Jerry Sandusky, American football coach and criminal
1945 – Jacqueline du Pré, English cellist (d. 1987)
1945 – David Purley, English race car driver (d. 1985)
1946 – Christopher Hampton, Portuguese-English director, screenwriter, and playwright
1946 – Gene Siskel, American journalist and film critic (d. 1999)
1946 – Susan Friedlander, American mathematician
1947 – Patrick Dewaere, French actor and composer (d. 1982)
1947 – Les Ebdon, English chemist and academic
1947 – Redmond Morris, 4th Baron Killanin, Irish director, producer, and production manager
1947 – Michel Sardou, French singer-songwriter and actor
1948 – Alda Facio, Costa Rican jurist, writer and teacher
1949 – Jonathan Carroll, American author
1949 – David Strathairn, American actor
1950 – Jörg Haider, Austrian lawyer and politician, Governor of Carinthia (d. 2008)
1951 – David Briggs, Australian guitarist, songwriter, and producer
1951 – Andy Hummel, American singer-songwriter and bass player (d. 2010)
1951 – Anne Mills, English economist and academic
1953 – Alik L. Alik, Micronesian politician, 7th Vice President of the Federated States of Micronesia
1953 – Anders Fogh Rasmussen, Danish politician and diplomat, 39th Prime Minister of Denmark
1953 – Lucinda Williams, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1954 – Kim Hughes, Australian cricketer
1955 – Eddie Van Halen, Dutch-American guitarist, songwriter, and producer
1957 – Road Warrior Hawk, American wrestler (d. 2003)
1958 – Anita Baker, American singer-songwriter
1958 – Ellen DeGeneres, American comedian, actress, and talk show host
1961 – Wayne Gretzky, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
1961 – Tom Keifer, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1962 – Guo Jian, Chinese-Australian painter, sculptor, and photographer
1962 – Tim May, Australian cricketer
1962 – Oscar Ruggeri, Argentinian footballer and manager
1963 – José Mourinho, Portuguese footballer and manager
1963 – Simon O'Donnell, Australian footballer, cricketer, and sportscaster
1963 – Tony Parks, English footballer and manager
1963 – Andrew Ridgeley, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
1964 – Adam Crozier, Scottish businessman
1965 – Thomas Östros, Swedish businessman and politician
1965 – Natalia Yurchenko, Russian gymnast and coach
1966 – Kazushige Nagashima, Japanese baseball player and sportscaster
1967 – Anatoly Komm, Russian chef and businessman
1967 – Col Needham, English businessman, co-founded Internet Movie Database
1968 – Jupiter Apple, Brazilian singer-songwriter, film director, and actor (d. 2015)
1969 – George Dikeoulakos, Greek-Romanian basketball player and coach
1970 – Kirk Franklin, American singer-songwriter and producer
1973 – Larissa Lowing, Canadian artistic gymnast[5]
1973 – Melvil Poupaud, French actor, director, and screenwriter
1973 – Brendan Rodgers, Northern Irish footballer and manager
1973 – Mayu Shinjo, Japanese author and illustrator
1977 – Vince Carter, American basketball player
1977 – Justin Gimelstob, American tennis player and coach
1978 – Corina Morariu, American tennis player and sportscaster
1981 – José de Jesús Corona, Mexican footballer
1981 – Gustavo Dudamel, Venezuelan violinist, composer, and conductor
1981 – Juan José Haedo, Argentinian cyclist
1981 – Colin O'Donoghue, Irish actor
1982 – Reggie Hodges, American football player
1983 – Petri Oravainen, Finnish footballer
1983 – Eric Werner, American ice hockey player
1984 – Ryan Hoffman, Australian rugby league player
1984 – Iain Turner, Scottish footballer
1984 – Luo Xuejuan, Chinese swimmer
1985 – Heather Stanning, English rower
1986 – Gerald Green, American basketball player
1986 – Kim Jae-joong, South Korean singer, songwriter, actor, director and designer.
1986 – Mustapha Yatabaré, French-Malian footballer
1987 – Sebastian Giovinco, Italian footballer
1988 – Dimitrios Chondrokoukis, Greek high jumper
1989 – MarShon Brooks, American basketball player
1989 – Emily Hughes, American figure skater
1990 – Sergio Pérez, Mexican race car driver[6]
1990 – Peter Sagan, Slovak professional cyclist
1990 – Nina Zander, German tennis player
1991 – Tom Meechan, English footballer
1992 – Sasha Banks, American professional wrestler
1993 – Florian Thauvin, French footballer
1995 – Sione Katoa, New Zealand rugby league player
1997 – Gedion Zelalem, German-born American soccer player
2001 – Latalia Bevan, Welsh artistic gymnast[7]
Deaths
724 – Yazid II, Umayyad caliph (b. 687)
738 – John of Dailam, Syrian monk and saint (b. 660)
910 – Luo Yin, Chinese statesman and poet
946 – Eadgyth, Queen consort of Germany (b.c 910)
1186 – Ismat ad-Din Khatun, wife of Saladin
1390 – Adolph IX, Count of Holstein-Kiel (b.c 1327)
1567 – Nicholas Wotton, English courtier and diplomat (b. 1497)
1568 – Lady Catherine Grey, Countess of Hertford (b. 1540)
1620 – Amar Singh I, ruler of Mewar (b. 1559)
1630 – Henry Briggs, English mathematician and astronomer (b. 1556)
1636 – Jean Hotman, Marquis de Villers-St-Paul, French diplomat (b. 1552)
1641 – Lawrence Hyde, English lawyer (b. 1562)
1697 – Georg Mohr, Danish mathematician and theorist (b. 1640)
1744 – Ludwig Andreas von Khevenhüller, Austrian field marshal (b. 1683)
1750 – Albert Schultens, Dutch philologist and academic (b. 1686)
1779 – Thomas Hudson, English painter (b. 1701)
1795 – Johann Christoph Friedrich Bach, German harpsichord player and composer (b. 1732)
1799 – Gabriel Christie, Scottish general (b. 1722)
1823 – Edward Jenner, English physician and immunologist (b. 1749)
1824 – Théodore Géricault, French painter and lithographer (b. 1791)
1831 – Sangolli Rayanna, Indian soldier (b. 1798)
1831 – Anton Delvig, Russian poet and journalist (b. 1798)
1849 – Thomas Lovell Beddoes, English poet, playwright, and physician (b. 1803)
1855 – Gérard de Nerval, French poet and translator (b. 1808)
1860 – Wilhelmine Schröder-Devrient, opera singer (b. 1804)[8]
1869 – Duncan Gordon Boyes, English soldier; Victoria Cross recipient (b. 1846)
1870 – Victor de Broglie, French politician, 9th Prime Minister of France (b. 1785)
1885 – Edward Davy, English-Australian physician and engineer (b. 1806)
1885 – Charles George Gordon, English general and politician (b. 1833)
1886 – David Rice Atchison, American general and politician (b. 1807)
1887 – Anandi Gopal Joshi, One of the first female Indian physicians (b. 1865)[9]
1891 – Nikolaus Otto, German engineer, invented the Internal combustion engine (b. 1833)
1893 – Abner Doubleday, American general (b. 1819)
1895 – Arthur Cayley, English mathematician and academic (b. 1825)
1904 – Whitaker Wright, English businessman (b. 1846)
1926 – John Flannagan, American priest and academic (b. 1860)
1932 – William Wrigley, Jr., American businessman, founded the Wrigley Company (b. 1861)
1942 – Felix Hausdorff, German mathematician and academic (b. 1868)
1943 – Harry H. Laughlin, American sociologist and eugenicist (b. 1880)
1943 – Nikolai Vavilov, Russian botanist and geneticist (b. 1887)
1946 – Oskar Kallas, Estonian linguist and diplomat (b. 1868)
1946 – Adriaan van Maanen, Dutch-American astronomer and academic (b. 1884)
1947 – Grace Moore, American soprano and actress (b. 1898)
1948 – Kâzım Karabekir, Turkish general and politician, 5th Speaker of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (b. 1882)
1948 – Fred Conrad Koch, American biochemist and endocrinologist (born 1876)[10]
1948 – John Lomax, American musicologist and academic (b. 1867)
1952 – Khorloogiin Choibalsan, Mongolian general and politician, 12th Prime Minister of Mongolia (b. 1895)
1953 – Athanase David, Canadian lawyer and politician (b. 1882)
1957 – Helene Costello, American actress (b. 1906)
1962 – Lucky Luciano, Italian-American mob boss (b. 1897)
1968 – Merrill C. Meigs, American publisher (b. 1883)
1973 – Edward G. Robinson, Romanian-American actor (b. 1893)
1975 – Donald Sheldon, American bush pilot (b. 1921)
1976 – João Branco Núncio, Portuguese bullfighter (b. 1901)
1977 – Filopimin Finos, Greek production manager and producer, founded Finos Film (b. 1908)
1979 – Nelson Rockefeller, American businessman and politician, 41st Vice President of the United States (b. 1908)
1980 – Simon Kapwepwe, Zambian politician, 2nd Vice President of Zambia (b. 1922)
1983 – Bear Bryant, American football player and coach (b. 1913)
1985 – Kenny Clarke, American jazz drummer and bandleader (b. 1914)
1990 – Bob Gerard, English race car driver and businessman (b. 1914)
1990 – Lewis Mumford, American sociologist and historian (b. 1895)
1992 – José Ferrer, Puerto Rican-American actor (b. 1912)
1993 – Jan Gies, Dutch businessman and humanitarian (b. 1905)
1993 – Robert Jacobsen, Danish sculptor and painter (b. 1912)
1993 – Jeanne Sauvé, Canadian journalist and politician, 23rd Governor General of Canada (b. 1922)
1996 – Georg Alexander, Duke of Mecklenburg (b. 1921)
1996 – Harold Brodkey, American author and academic (b. 1930)
1996 – Frank Howard, American football player and coach (b. 1909)
1996 – Henry Lewis, American bassist and conductor (b. 1932)
1997 – Jeane Dixon, American astrologer and psychic (b. 1904)
2000 – Don Budge, American tennis player and coach (b. 1915)
2000 – Kathleen Hale, English author and illustrator (b. 1898)
2000 – A. E. van Vogt, Canadian-American author (b. 1912)
2001 – Al McGuire, American basketball player and coach (b. 1928)
2003 – Valeriy Brumel, Russian high jumper (b. 1942)
2003 – Hugh Trevor-Roper, English historian and academic (b. 1917)
2003 – George Younger, 4th Viscount Younger of Leckie, Scottish banker and politician, Secretary of State for Scotland (b. 1931)
2004 – Fred Haas, American golfer (b. 1916)
2006 – Khan Abdul Wali Khan, Pakistani politician (b. 1917)
2007 – Gump Worsley, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1929)
2008 – Viktor Schreckengost, American sculptor and designer (b. 1906)
2010 – Louis Auchincloss, American novelist and essayist (b. 1917)
2011 – David Kato Kisule, Ugandan teacher and LGBT rights activist, considered a father of Uganda's gay rights movement (b. 1964)
2011 – Charlie Louvin, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1927)
2012 – Roberto Mieres, Argentinian race car driver (b. 1924)
2013 – Christine M. Jones, American educator and politician (b. 1929)
2013 – Stefan Kudelski, Polish-Swiss engineer, invented the Nagra (b. 1929)
2013 – Padma Kant Shukla, Indian physicist and academic (b. 1950)
2013 – Shōtarō Yasuoka, Japanese author (b. 1920)
2014 – Tom Gola, American basketball player, coach, and politician (b. 1933)
2014 – Paula Gruden, Slovenian-Australian poet and translator (b. 1921)
2014 – José Emilio Pacheco, Mexican poet and author (b. 1939)
2014 – Ralph T. Troy, American banker and politician (b. 1935)
2015 – Cleven "Goodie" Goudeau, American art director and cartoonist (b. 1932)
2015 – Tom Uren, Australian soldier and politician (b. 1921)
2016 – Sahabzada Yaqub Khan, Pakistani politician and diplomat, 14th Pakistani Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1920)
2016 – Abe Vigoda, American actor (b. 1921)
2017 – Mike Connors, American actor (b. 1925)
2017 – Tam Dalyell, Scottish politician (b. 1932)
2017 – Lindy Delapenha, Jamaican footballer and sports journalist (b. 1927)
2017 – Barbara Hale, American actress (b. 1922)
Holidays and observances
Christian feast day:
Alberic
Founders of Cîteaux (Alberic of Cîteaux, Robert of Molesme, Stephen Harding)
Blessed Gabriele Allegra
Paula
Timothy and Titus
January 26 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Australia Day (Australia)
Duarte Day (Dominican Republic)
Engineer's Day (Panama)
International Customs Day
Liberation Day (Uganda)
Republic Day (India)

Republic Day

Republic Day honours the date on which the Constitution of India came into effect on 26 January 1950 replacing the Government of India Act (1935) as the governing document of India.[1]

The Constitution was adopted by the Indian Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949, and came into effect on 26 January 1950 with a democratic government system, completing the country's transition towards becoming an independent republic. 26 January was chosen as the Republic day because it was on this day in 1929 when Declaration of Indian Independence (Purna Swaraj) was proclaimed by the Indian National Congress as opposed to the Dominion status offered by the British Regime.
History of Republic Day
India achieved independence from British Raj on 15 August 1947 following the Indian independence movement. The independence came through the Indian Independence Act 1947 (10 & 11 Geo 6 c 30), an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that partitioned British India into the two new independent Dominions of the British Commonwealth (later Commonwealth of Nations).[2] India obtained its independence on 15 August 1947 as a constitutional monarchy with George VI as head of state and the Earl Mountbatten as governor-general. The country, though, did not yet have a permanent constitution; instead its laws were based on the modified colonial Government of India Act 1935. On 29 August 1947, a resolution was moved for the appointment of Drafting Committee, Drafting Committee was appointed to draft a permanent constitution, with Dr B R Ambedkar as chairman. While India's Independence Day celebrates its freedom from British Rule, the Republic Day celebrates the coming into force of its constitution. A draft constitution was prepared by the committee and submitted to the Constituent Assembly on 4 November 1947.[3] The Assembly met, in sessions open to public, for 166 days, spread over a period of two years, 11 months and 18 days before adopting the Constitution. After many deliberations and some modifications, the 308 members of the Assembly signed two hand-written copies of the document (one each in Hindi and English) on 24 January 1950. Two days later which was on 26 January 1950, it came into effect throughout the whole nation. On that day began Dr. Rajendra Prasad's first term of office as President of the Indian Union. The Constituent Assembly became the Parliament of India under the transitional provisions of the new Constitution. This date is celebrated in India as the Republic Day.

Celebrations
The main Republic Day celebration is held in the national capital, New Delhi, at the Rajpath before the President of India. On this day, ceremonious parades take place at the Rajpath, which are performed as a tribute to India; its unity in diversity and rich cultural heritage.

Delhi Republic Day parade
Main article: Delhi Republic Day parade
Delhi Republic Day parade is held in the capital, New Delhi organised by the Ministry of Defence. Commencing from the gates of the Rashtrapati Bhavan (the President's residence), Raisina Hill on Rajpath past the India Gate, this event is the main attraction of India's Republic Day Celebrations lasting three days. The parade showcases India's Defence Capability, Cultural and Social Heritage.[4]

Nine to twelve different regiments of the Indian Army in addition to the Navy, and Air Force with their bands march past in all their finery and official decorations. The President of India who is the Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Armed Forces, takes the salute. Twelve contingents of various para-military forces of India and police forces also take part in this parade.[5]

Beating Retreat
Main article: Beating Retreat
The Beating Retreat ceremony is held after officially denoting the end of Republic Day festivities. It is conducted on the evening of 29 January, the third day after the Republic Day. It is performed by the bands of the three wings of the military, the Indian Army, Indian Navy and Indian Air Force. The venue is Raisina Hill and an adjacent square, Vijay Chowk, flanked by the North and South block of the Rashtrapati Bhavan (President's Palace) towards the end of Rajpath.[6]

The Chief Guest of the function is the President of India who arrives escorted by the (PBG), a cavalry unit. When the President arrives, the PBG commander asks the unit to give the National Salute, which is followed by the playing of the Indian National Anthem, Jana Gana Mana, by the Army. The Army develops the ceremony of display by the massed bands in which Military Bands, Pipe and Drum Bands, Buglers and Trumpeters from various Army Regiments besides bands from the Navy and Air Force take part which play popular tunes like Abide With Me, Mahatma Gandhi's favourite hymn, and Saare Jahan Se Achcha at the end.[7][8][9]

Award distribution
On the eve of Republic Day, the President of India distributes Padma Awards to the civilians of India every year. These are the second highest civilian awards in India after Bharat Ratna. These awards are given in three categories, viz. Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri, in decreasing order of importance.

Padma Vibhushan for "exceptional and distinguished service". Padma Vibhushan is the second-highest civilian award in India.
Padma Bhushan for "distinguished service of a high order". Padma Bhushan is the third-highest civilian award in India .
Padma Shri for "distinguished service". Padma Shri is the fourth-highest civilian award in India.
While being national honours, the Padma awards do not include cash allowances, benefits, or special concessions in rail/air travel.[10] Per a December 1995 judgment of the Supreme Court of India, no titles or honorifics are associated with the Bharat Ratna or any of the Padma awards; Honorees cannot use them or their initials as suffixes, prefixes or pre- and post-nominals attached to the awardee's name. This includes any such use on letterheads, invitation cards, posters, books etc. In the case of any misuse, the awardee will forfeit the award, and he or she will be cautioned against any such misuse upon receiving the honour.[11]

The decoration comprises a sanad (Certificate) issued under the hand and seal of the President and a Medallion. The recipients are also given a replica of the medallion, which they can wear during any ceremonial/State functions etc., if they desire. A commemorative brochure giving out brief details in respect of each award winner is also released on the day of the investiture ceremony.

تشانينج تيتوم

تشانينج تاتوم (بالإنجليزية: Channing Tatum) ممثل ومنتج أفلام وراقص وعارض أزياء أمريكي من مواليد 26 أبريل 1980.

شارك بأدوار صغيرة في المدرب كارتر (2005) وحرب العوالم (2005). أول دور رئيسي له كان في 2006 بفيلم Step Up، والذي ألتقى فيه بجينا ديوان، التي أصبحت لاحقاً زوجته. هو شارك في فيلمي الأكشن جي. آي. جو: ظهور الكوبرا (2009) وجي. آي. جو: الانتقام (2013)، الفيلمان تلقيا مراجعات سلبية من النقاد لكنهما حققا نجاح تجاري ووصلت إيراداتهما إلى أكثر من 300 مليون في شبابيك التذاكر. هو معروف بدور ماجك مايك في فيلم Magic Mike وبدور جيكنو في 21 شارع جامب (2012) و22 شارع جامب (2014). جميع هذه الأفلام الثلاثة حققت نجاح نقدي وتجاري. أفلامه الأخرى تشمل عزيزي جون (2010) والبيت الأبيض سقط (2013) كما أدى صوت سوبرمان في فيلم ليغو (2014).

في 2014، تلقى تشانينج تيتوم إشادة كبيرة من النقاد لتجسيده دور المصارع مارك شولتز في فيلم الدراما والسيرة الذاتية صائد الثعالب.

Channing Tatum

Channing Matthew Tatum (born April 26, 1980)[1][2] is an American actor and singer. Tatum made his film debut in the drama film Coach Carter (2005). His breakthrough role was in the 2006 dance film Step Up, which introduced him to a wider audience.

Tatum is known for his leading role in Magic Mike (2012), and its sequel, Magic Mike XXL (2015) which he produced; he also starred in the action-comedy film 21 Jump Street and its 2014 sequel, 22 Jump Street. He has also, appeared as the character Duke in the 2009 action film G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra and its 2013 sequel G.I. Joe: Retaliation. He appeared in romantic films such as Dear John (2010) and The Vow (2012). His other films include She's the Man (2006), The Dilemma (2011), White House Down (2013), the drama Foxcatcher (2014), The Hateful Eight (2015), Hail, Caesar! (2016), and Logan Lucky (2017).
Early life
Tatum was born in Cullman, Alabama, the son of Kay Tatum (née Faust), an airline worker, and Glenn Tatum, who worked in construction.[2][3][4] He has a sister named Paige. He is mostly of English ancestry.[5]

His family moved to the Pascagoula, Mississippi area when he was six. He grew up in the bayous near the Pascagoula River, where he lived in a rural setting.[6]

Tatum has discussed having dealt with attention deficit disorder (ADD) and dyslexia while growing up, which affected his ability to do well in school.[7] Growing up, Tatum played football, soccer, track, baseball, and performing martial arts; he has said that "girls were always [his] biggest distraction in school." As a child, he practiced wuzuquan kung fu.[8]

Tatum spent most of his teenage years in the Tampa area, and initially attended Gaither High School. His parents wanted more effort and gave him the option of selecting a private high school or attending a military school; he chose Tampa Catholic High School, where he graduated in 1998 and was voted most athletic.[9] He later attended Glenville State College in Glenville, West Virginia on a football scholarship, but dropped out.[10] He returned home and started working odd jobs.

Us Weekly reported that around this time Tatum left his job as a roofer and began working as a stripper at a local nightclub, under the name "Chan Crawford".[11][12] In 2010, he told an Australian newspaper that he wanted to make a movie about his experiences as a stripper.[13] That idea led to the movie Magic Mike.[12] Tatum moved to Miami, where he was discovered by a model talent scout.

Career
Early work
In 2000, Tatum was first cast as a dancer in Ricky Martin's "She Bangs" music video,[2] after an audition in Orlando, Florida; he was paid $400 for the job. His experience in the fashion industry began as a model working for noted clients such as Armani and Abercrombie & Fitch. He soon moved into television commercials, landing national spots for Mountain Dew and Pepsi in 2002. He subsequently signed with Page 305 (Page Parkes Modeling Agency), a modeling agency in Miami. He was cast by Al David for Vogue magazine and soon after appeared in campaigns for Abercrombie & Fitch, Nautica, Dolce & Gabbana, American Eagle Outfitters, and Emporio Armani. He was picked as one of Tear Sheet magazine's "50 Most Beautiful Faces" of October 2001. Tatum signed with Ford Models in New York City.[14]

2006–2012
In 2006, Tatum starred in She's The Man opposite Amanda Bynes, which was named the greatest modern Shakespearean remake by Business Insider.[15][better source needed] Later that year, Tatum starred opposite his now wife Jenna Dewan in Step Up, which was his breakout role. Although it was widely panned, it has earned $115 million worldwide.[16]

In 2008, Tatum co-starred in director Kimberly Peirce's film Stop-Loss, about soldiers returning home from the Iraq War, and in director Stuart Townsend's film Battle in Seattle, about the 1999 protest of the World Trade Organization meeting in Seattle. Tatum played in the short film The Trap, directed by Rita Wilson.[17]

Tatum and Dito Montiel, who worked together on A Guide to Recognizing Your Saints, reteamed on the action drama Fighting for Rogue Pictures. Tatum starred as Sean McArthur, a young man who scrapes up a living scalping tickets in New York City. Tatum next appeared in writer/director/producer Michael Mann's 2009 crime drama Public Enemies, playing the 1930s American gangster Pretty Boy Floyd.[18] The same year, Tatum starred as Duke in G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra, Paramount Pictures' live-action film based on the popular Hasbro action figures. He was initially reluctant to take the role as he feared the movie would glorify war; however, he overcame his reluctance after reading the script.[19] He played a soldier in Dear John, a film based on the popular Nicholas Sparks bestseller.[20] He later stated that he had accepted the role to learn from director Lasse Hallström because he had never studied at an acting school
In an interview with Details magazine, published in early 2012, Tatum said he wants to produce all the films he stars in, "I really don't want to be in any more movies that I don't produce. Unless it's with one of the 10 directors that I really want to work with, I don't have any interest in not being on the ground floor of creating it."[22] He, his wife Dewan, and their production partner Reid Carolin signed a two-year production deal in 2010 with Relativity Media for any movies they may develop during that time.[23] In 2012, Tatum hosted Saturday Night Live[24] and appeared in four films. He co-starred in Steven Soderbergh's action-thriller Haywire, The Vow with Rachel McAdams, and 21 Jump Street (the film adaptation of TV series of the same name) with Jonah Hill.[25]

He also starred in Magic Mike, a film about his eight-month experience as a male stripper in Florida. The film was directed by Soderbergh,[26] was co-produced by Tatum and Soderbergh, and starred Tatum as Mike. He is a featured performer at a Tampa, Florida, male strip club who takes a younger dancer (Alex Pettyfer) under his wing to show him how to hustle "on and off stage".[26] The film's cast also included Matt Bomer, Joe Manganiello, and Matthew McConaughey.[26]

In November 2012 Tatum was named People magazine's annual Sexiest Man Alive.[27]

2013–present
Tatum appeared in Steven Soderbergh's Side Effects, with Rooney Mara and Jude Law.[28]

He reprised his role as Conrad S. Hauser/Duke in G.I. Joe: Retaliation, the sequel to 2009's G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra, in an ensemble cast that included Dwayne Johnson and Bruce Willis. Originally scheduled for release on June 29, 2012, the film was pushed back to March 2013, in order to convert it to 3D and to add more scenes for his character, who was killed at the beginning of the movie.[29] Tatum later said he had not wanted to appear in the sequel and was happy his character had been killed off.[30] Also in 2013, he appeared in another action movie, White House Down.[31]

Tatum reprised his role from 21 Jump Street in its sequel, 22 Jump Street, which was released on June 13, 2014.[32]

Also in 2014, he co-starred with Steve Carell in Foxcatcher, the story of John du Pont, who suffered from paranoid schizophrenia and killed Olympic wrestler Dave Schultz, the brother of the character played by Tatum, who also had won Olympic gold.[33] Tatum was set to star as X-Men character Remy LeBeau / Gambit in a solo film, set within the X-Men film universe, which he would have produced,[34][35][36] but the film was cancelled in May 2019 after languishing in development hell since 2014.[37]

33andOut Productions
Tatum started two production companies, 33andOut Productions[38] and Iron Horse Entertainment.[39] Their first production was the documentary Earth Made of Glass.

Personal life
In 2006, Tatum met actress Jenna Dewan on the set of their movie Step Up; they married on July 11, 2009, at Church Estates Vineyards in Malibu, California.[40] They have a daughter who was born in May 2013 in London.[41][42][43] On April 2, 2018, after nearly nine years of marriage, the couple announced they were separating.[44] Six months later, Dewan filed for divorce from Tatum.[45]

From 2018 to 2019, he dated English singer Jessie J.[46] On January 25 2020 Tatum and Jessie J publicly confirmed they are back together again after several weeks of separation[

Jordan Sinnott

Jordan James Sinnott (14 February 1994 in Bradford) is an English footballer who plays for Matlock Town. A midfielder, he is the son of the former Huddersfield Town captain and Lee Sinnott.[
Career
Huddersfield Town
He first joined Huddersfield Town's academy in the late 2000s,[2] eventually becoming the captain of the under-18 team in 2012. During the same year, Sinnott was offered a professional contract.[3]

Following the sacking of Simon Grayson as Huddersfield manager on 24 January 2013, the manager of the under-18 team, Mark Lillis, was promoted to the role of caretaker manager, and gave Sinnott his first appearance in the Huddersfield first team in their 1–1 draw against Leicester City in the 4th round of the FA Cup at the John Smith's Stadium on 26 January 2013.[4] After the match, Sinnott expressed being positive on his debut and described himself as: "not really the nervous type!"[5] His first league appearance was as a substitute in Town's 6–1 hammering by Nottingham Forest at the City Ground on 19 February 2013.[6] Despite making two appearance, Sinnott was offered a new contract by the club,[7] which Sinnott signed a two-year contract with the club, keeping him until 2015.[8]

After eight years at the club, Sinnott was released by Huddersfield after having his contract terminated by mutual consent on 2 February 2015, which his contract expire in the summer.[9]

Loan Spells
After being told by Huddersfield Town's management that he will be loaned out,[10] it was announced on 6 December 2012, he joined his father, Lee, at Conference North side Altrincham for a month, making 6 appearances before returning in January 2013.[11][12]

On 7 August 2013, Sinnott joined Bury on a six-month loan from Huddersfield Town.[13] Sinnott then make his Huddersfield Town debut three days later, coming on as a substitute for John Rooney in the second half, in a 2–1 loss against Oxford United.[14] Sinnott then scored his first goal in the next game, as Bury beat Accrington Stanley 3–0.[15] After making 10 appearances for the Shakers, he was recalled by Huddersfield on 18 October.[16] Reports behind the recall stated Sinnott's parent club were unhappy with the treatment of Sinnott at the hands of the Bury coaching team.[17]

Altrincham
After being released by Huddersfield Town, Sinnott rejoined his father at Conference North side Altrincham for the second time.[18]


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زياد علي محمد