الخميس، 20 فبراير 2020

Trance (2013 film)

Trance is a 2013 British psychological thriller film directed by Danny Boyle with a screenplay by Joe Ahearne and John Hodge from a story by Ahearne. The film stars James McAvoy, Vincent Cassel, and Rosario Dawson. The world premiere of the film was held in London on 19 March 2013.
Plot
Simon (McAvoy), an art auctioneer, becomes an accessory to the theft of a painting–Goya's Witches in the Air–from his own auction house. When a gang attacks during an auction, Simon follows the house emergency protocol by packaging the painting. The gang's leader Franck (Cassel) then takes the package from him at gunpoint. Simon attacks Franck, who delivers him a blow to the head that leaves him with amnesia. When Franck gets home, he discovers that the package contains only an empty frame. After ransacking Simon's apartment and trashing his car, the gang kidnaps and unsuccessfully tortures him. But he has no memory of where he has hidden the painting. Franck decides to hire a hypnotherapist to try to help him remember.

Franck makes Simon choose a hypnotist from a directory, and he chooses an American named Elizabeth Lamb (Dawson). As a first hypnotic exercise, Simon recalls where he put some car keys. Elizabeth exposes the gang's plan to have her hypnotize him, and demands partnership. In a next hypnotic episode, under gang supervision, Simon remembers that, shortly after the blow to his head, he awoke alone. On finding the stolen painting hidden in his suit, he left the art gallery. Distracted by a phone text message, while crossing the road, he was hit by a red car. The female driver tried to take him to hospital. Simon, in a kind of memory fugue, believed the woman was Elizabeth, recalling that she had made him forget her. The gang tries violently to force Simon to remember where he put the painting, and that ends the hypnotic episode. When asked by Elizabeth about how he met Franck, Simon confesses that he has a gambling problem. Franck helped him pay his debts in exchange for his help in stealing the painting.
To help Simon recover from the violence, Elizabeth stays overnight in his apartment. In the morning, Simon dreams of Elizabeth's having used a brain-scan behaviour-conditioning technique to erase an obsession that he had for her. Elizabeth tells Franck about that.
For the next step to recover the painting, Elizabeth tells Franck that she will sexually seduce Simon. Simon's feelings for Elizabeth recur, gently this time. At the same time, Franck and Elizabeth have unanticipated sex, and she steals his pistol from his bedside drawer. Nate, a gang member, sees them together and warns Simon, who confronts Elizabeth with it. She responds by touching his erotic mindspot, related to Goya's Nude Maja.

Remembering where the painting is, Simon goes with Franck and his associates to reveal the location, but overhears their plan to kill him. He calls Elizabeth and tells her that the painting is in a red car in a certain car park, and unable to leave Franck's apartment, he returns and kills the gang members instead. After shooting Franck, Simon wakes up: this was all dream, and he still is in Elizabeth's apartment. Elizabeth takes the car keys and goes to get the painting, leaving Franck's revolver for Simon. While searching for Elizabeth, Simon finds Franck in her apartment. Nate and his associates intercept Elizabeth and bring her there. Franck takes Simon to get the painting, and as he kisses Elizabeth, she secretly passes three bullets into his mouth. On the elevator, Simon stops Franck with a fire extinguisher, and then with the revolver, now loaded with the three bullets. In the apartment, Nate prepares to rape Elizabeth. Heading back into the apartment, Simon shoots the three gang members. He takes the car keys from Elizabeth, and loads the revolver with the remaining three bullets. He takes Elizabeth to get the painting, and she tells him to let Franck come with them. With Franck driving, Simon leads them to a parking garage where the painting is.

They collect the red car and drive it to a safe warehouse. During the trip, Elizabeth reveals that Simon was previously a client of hers. He had a gambling addiction he wanted to fix. They started an affair, and she found his erotic mindspot. However, he became obsessed with her, and eventually abusive. Fearing for her life, she re-directed the hypnosis to make him forget her. This led him back into his gambling addiction, which as previously stated, caused him to go in debt and to try to pay it off by stealing a painting, with the help of Franck. Simon recalls that, after the heist, when he was hit by the red car and mistook the female driver for Elizabeth, he strangled her.

At the warehouse, in the car's trunk, Elizabeth finds the painting and the body of the female driver. Simon, having at last remembered his past and wanting to forget, douses the car in fuel with Franck zip-tied to the steering wheel, sets it on fire and tells Elizabeth to run away with the painting. She runs away but promptly returns driving a truck which she drives into Simon, pinning him against the other car, and ultimately sending Simon, and the car Franck is trapped in, into the river.

Franck manages to escape, while it is implied that Simon is killed. The scene cuts to Franck swimming in his apartment while thinking of the event. He gets out of the pool and receives a package. He opens the package and finds an iPad that plays a video of Elizabeth talking about the painting, which is now hanging in her apartment. She reveals that when she hypnotized Simon to make him forget her, she also hypnotized him to go back into his gambling addiction and then try to steal a painting to pay off his debt. When this happened, he would instead give the painting over to Elizabeth. This explains why Simon took the painting away from Franck at the beginning and the text message he received before being hit by the car, which is revealed to be from Elizabeth telling Simon to deliver the painting to her. Elizabeth tells Franck that he can search for her and try to find her, but also gives him the option to forget the entire ordeal, and a button for an app called "Trance" appears as the video ends. Franck is shown debating whether to press the button just as the screen cuts to black.

Cast
James McAvoy as Simon Newton
Vincent Cassel as Franck
Rosario Dawson as Elizabeth Lamb
Danny Sapani as Nate
Matt Cross as Dominic
Wahab Sheikh as Riz
Mark Poltimore (7th Baron Poltimore)[4] as Francis Lemaitre
Tuppence Middleton as Young Woman in Red Car
Simon Kunz as Surgeon
Michael Shaeffer as Security Guard #1
Tony Jayawardena as Security Guard #2
Vincent Montuel as Handsome Waiter
Jai Rajani as Car Park Attendant
Spencer Wilding as 60's Robber
Gursharan Chaggar as Postman
Edward Rising as 60's Auctioneer
Production
Development
After director Danny Boyle filmed Shallow Grave in 1994, Joe Ahearne sent the director his screenplay for Trance, seeking Boyle's encouragement. Boyle thought that the project would be "quite difficult" for a beginning screenwriter. Ahearne later turned the script into a 2001 television movie.[5][6] Boyle never forgot it, and almost two decades after their original conversation he contacted Ahearne about turning it into a feature film.[7] Partially based on Ahearne's 2001 British television film of the same name, Trance underwent script doctoring by screenwriter John Hodge – marking the fifth motion picture collaboration between Hodge and Boyle.[8]

Casting
In May 2011, Michael Fassbender was cast as Franck but dropped out due to scheduling conflicts.[9][10] Colin Firth was considered for the part before Cassel was cast.[11][12] Scarlett Johansson, Melanie Thierry, and Zoe Saldana were considered for the role that went to Dawson.[12][13]

McAvoy, who accepted the role in 2011, said that he almost turned down the part, while reading the script, because Simon seemed to be a victim, which didn't interest him. He told NPR's reporter Laura Sullivan, "And then I got about 15 or 20 pages in, and I started to sense that something else was coming in the character. And then something else did come. And then about every 10 pages, something else came. Until at the end, I was hungry to play this part."[14]

Filming
Principal photography began in September 2011. After filming wrapped up, the film was placed on hold in order for Boyle to work on the opening ceremony of the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. Post-production was then picked up again in August 2012.[15]

Boyle said that this is "the first time I put a woman at the heart of a movie."[8] He also said that he originally intended to set the movie in New York City,[16] but it was filmed in London and in Kent instead, as Boyle's Olympic ceremony duties meant he had to stay in the UK.[17]

Music
On 4 January 2013, it was announced that Rick Smith of the band Underworld would be composing the music for the film.[18] Underworld previously contributed tracks to other Danny Boyle films, including Trainspotting (1996), A Life Less Ordinary (1997), The Beach (2000), and Sunshine (2007). About the collaboration, Smith said, "After finishing the Opening Ceremony, I hardly knew what day of the week it was. I took a month off work, off music, off everything. Exactly one month and three days after we said goodbye in the stadium, I received a text from Danny that said, 'Do you ever want to hear from me again workwise and would that go as far as having a chat about Trance... Questions, questions.' Two Minutes later I was on board."[19] The soundtrack album for Trance was released in the United Kingdom on 25 March and in the United States on 2 April 2013.[19][20]

When asked by an interviewer about the secret of his 17-year-old creative partnership with Smith, Boyle joked, "He's cheap." Then, answering seriously, he said that they both like electronic music and that he doesn't prescribe a sound for a scene, but lets Smith follow his own instincts.[21]

Release
Boyle showed a teaser trailer and an extended version of an alternate ending at South by Southwest on 9 March 2013.[22][23] The entire film could not be screened at the festival, as is usually done, because the producing studio Pathé owned the rights to the world première.[24] The world première of the film was held in London on 19 March 2013.[25] The film saw general release on 27 March 2013 in the United Kingdom,[26] with a United States release date on 5 April 2013.[27]

Reception
The film received mostly positive reviews from critics. Rotten Tomatoes gives a score of 68% based on reviews from 160 critics; the site's consensus is: "As stylish as ever, director Danny Boyle seems to be treading water with the surprisingly thinly written Trance -- but for fans of Boyle's work, it should still prove a trippily entertaining distraction".[28] Washington Post writer Michael O'Sullivan describes Boyle as "playing fast and loose with reality."[29]

On Metacritic, which assigns a weighted mean rating out of 100 based on reviews from film critics, the film has a rating score of 61% based on 37 reviews.[30]

Empire magazine in its review gave the film 4 out of 5 and called the film "a dazzling, absorbing entertainment which shows off Danny Boyle's mastery of complex storytelling and black, black humour."[31] Empire also ranked it 27 in its top 50 films of 2013

Trance (2020 film)

Trance is a 2020 Indian Malayalam-language drama film directed and produced by Anwar Rasheed and written by Vincent Vadakkan. It features Fahadh Faasil in the lead role, while Nazriya Nazim, Soubin Shahir, Vinayakan, Chemban Vinod Jose, Dileesh Pothan and Gautham Menon plays supporting roles. Amal Neerad was the cinematographer and newcomer Jackson Vijayan composed the film's songs, background score was by Vijayan and Sushin Shyam.[1] The plot follows the life events of motivational speaker Viju Prasad.

Filming began in July 2017 and was completed in September 2019. The film was released in Kerala on 20 February 2020
Despondent motivational trainer Viju Prasad (Fahadh Faasil) is hired by a corporate duo to become a pastor and a miracle-worker of sorts. However, his stunt on live TV puts their entire operation under the scanner. The story then follows Viju/Joshua Carlton as he encounters and deals with his shifting perception of vividly animated characters like Esther (Nazriya Nazim) and Thomas (Vinayakan) as he tries to fix a rapidly coagulating mess of events and redeem his new identity.
Cast
Fahadh Faasil as Viju Prasad / Pastor Joshua Carlton
Nazriya Nazim as Esther Lopez
Gautham Menon as Solomon
Soubin Shahir as Mathaai
Vinayakan as Thomaskutty
Chemban Vinod Jose as Isaac
Dileesh Pothan as Avarachan
Sreenath Bhasi as Kunjan
Jinu Joseph as Doctor
Srinda Arhaan
Aswathi Menon as Kavitha
Arjun Ashokan as Paul
Joju George as News Reader (Cameo)
Dharmajan Bolgatty
Arushi Mudgal
Unnimaya Prasad
Arjun Ratan (Cameo)
Anu K Aniyan (Cameo)
Jeevan Stephan as News Reader (Cameo)
Production
Development
In a March 2016 interview, Fahadh Faasil revealed that he would be acting in Anwar Rasheed's next directorial and its subject is fresh that has never been attempted in Malayalam cinema.[3][4] Trance was officially announced with a title poster in June 2017.[5] The film was produced by Rasheed himself. The film marks the debut of Vincent Vadakkan as screenwriter. Rasheed was earlier supposed to direct a short in 5 Sundarikal (2013) based on the screenplay by Vadakkan. But it did not work out as he did not got the right cast. Later, Vadakkan narrated the story of Trance, but then he was not ready to produce the film because of its high production cost. Rasheed had Fahadh in mind for the lead role then itself. Later, Fahadh happened to hear the story from Vadakkan and insisted Rasheed to reconsider the project. By then, the storyline had changed and bankability of Fahadh had also grown and Rasheed was confident in producing the film.[6]

Filming
Filming began in July 2017.[7] A week-long first schedule of filming was completed in December 2017 in Mumbai.[8] For the first time in Malayalam cinema, Bolt High Speed Cinebot cameras were used to shoot some scenes in the film.[9] The film is shot with sync sound. The film was shot mainly in coastal Kanyakumari, across various locations in India and Dubai, and the climax was shot in Amsterdam. In July 2019, it as reported that Trance is expected to cost close to ₹20 crore when it completes production.[10] Amal Neerad was the cinematographer and Resul Pookutty was the film's sound designer.[11][12] Filming was completed on 1 September 2019
Release
Its release was postponed multiple times. The film was initially scheduled to be released on 22 March 2019.[14] Then there were plans to release the film during Eid al-Fitr (June) but was later shifted to Onam (September) due to pending visual effects work.[10] Release date was again scheduled for 20 December 2019 before postponing to February 2020 due to delay in post-production work.[15] Then it was scheduled to 14 February 2020 on Valentine's Day.[2] But the regional Central Board of Film Certification in Thiruvananthapuram referred the film to a revising committee in Mumbai since Rasheed was not willing to cut a 8-minute long sequence that could hurt religious sentiments.[16] The film was released in Kerala on 20 February 2020.[17] On 15 February 2020, the film was leaked on the website Tamil Rockers a week ahead of its release.[18]

Critical reception
Goutham V. S. of The Indian Express rated 3.5 in 5 and said "The abstract style of filmmaking, and the narrative structure that visualises the complex layers of the protagonist’s psyche is bound to make Trance a trendsetter in the Malayalam film industry ... Fahadh steals the limelight by portraying a character that is hysteric and disturbing at the same time". He also praised the "vivid visualisation, colour tones and the brilliant use of sounds" and cinematography and background score.[19] Critic from Sify also rated 3.5 in 5, describing the film "bold and thrilling", writing "Trance is a genuine and brave attempt that is gripping from start to finish ... Anwar has packaged the movie deliciously, adding lots of emotions, in an honest way. With top notch visuals, music and sound the viewer is in for a grand experience ... But in a way, this film belongs to Fahadh Faasil, who is absolutely brilliant".[20] Prem Udayabhanu from Malayala Manorama gave 3.5 in 5, stating that "it is psychedelic and vibrant, flamboyant and gripping ... Trance is magical, hysterical and depressing and you need to transcend the mundane line of cinematic offerings to relish it". He praised the sound design, background score and cinematography.[21]

Rating 3.5 out of 5, Sajin Shrijith of The New Indian Express said: "If you are into films with a slightly eccentric touch, you may find yourself overwhelmed by the overall audio-visual experience ... Anwar Rasheed, cinematographer Amal Neerad, editor Praveen Prabhakar, and composers Sushin Shyam-Jackson Vijayan keep us hooked by delivering a film that feels part-dream, part-nightmare. However, post-interval, you begin to sense Trance losing some of the potency established in the first half".[22] Cris from The News Minute also gave 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote that "Fahadh delivers a great performance ... Anwar's filmmaking keeps you engaged the entire first half during which a captivating story begins to unfold. The last half does not keep up to the first, scenes that you enjoyed earlier becoming stretched, almost like you took a pill yourself and everything seems to take too long. But it doesn't let you down, with some excellent performances coming from a very promising cast".[23]

Sanjith Sidhardhan of The Times of India awarded 3.5 out of 5 stars and stated: "Fahadh as a subdued Viju and the flamboyant Joshua is the maniacal energy that drives the film ... Director Anwar gets the first half absolutely right in its pacing and content. However, the second half of the script, by Vincent Vadakkan, loses steam with the plot then almost reflecting Joshua's mindset in those scenes. The makers seem to have chosen style over substance in the latter half". He praised the cinematography and background score.[24] Rating 2.5 in 5, Nirmal Jovial from The Week wrote that "Trance is definitely a bold attempt for its theme, as far as Malayalam cinema is concerned. But it fails to do justice to the theme it explores with its weak script that becomes so cluttered and confused towards the third act", but praised the cinematography.

PSL 2020

2020 Pakistan Super League (also known as PSL 5 or for sponsorship reasons HBL PSL 2020) is the fifth season of the Pakistan Super League, a franchise Twenty20 cricket league which was established by the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) in 2015. The league is being held entirely in Pakistan for the first time.[1] The tournament is taking place between 20 February 2020 and 22 March 2020
Background

In February 2019, the Prime Minister of Pakistan, Imran Khan, announced that the fifth season of the tournament will be held entirely in Pakistan.[3][4][5][6] In March 2019, Ehsan Mani, Chairman of Pakistan Cricket Board also expressed the desire to host all the matches of this season in Pakistan.[7] On 1 January 2020, PCB announced fixtures for the tournament confirming that the entire tournament will take place in Pakistan

ositaIheme

Osita Iheme, MFR (born February 20, 1982) is a Nigerian actor. He is widely known for playing the role of 'Pawpaw' in the film Aki na Ukwa alongside Chinedu Ikedieze. He is the founder of Inspired Movement Africa which he founded to inspire, motivate and stimulate the minds of young Nigerians and Africans. In 1998, Iheme received the Lifetime Achievement Award at the African Movie Academy Awards.[1] He is considered to be one of Nigeria's most famous actors.[2] In 2011, he was honored as a Member of the Order of the Federal Republic (MFR) by President Goodluck Jonathan.
Early life
[4][5] He hails from Mbaitoli, Imo State, Nigeria. Iheme grew up in Abia State and has a Bachelor of Science in Computer Science from Lagos State University.[6]

Career
Early in his career, Osita Iheme was often typecast in the role of a child. In 2003 he rose to fame when he starred together with Chinedu Ikedieze in the comedy film Aki na Ukwa in which he played the role of 'Pawpaw'. In this role, Iheme played a mischievous child. He has played the role of a child in many of his films but later has adopted more mature roles. He has since displayed his versatility as an actor, taking on more mature and dramatic roles. This has garnered him awards such as the Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2007 Africa Movie Awards and Best Actor Africa Magic Viewer's Choice Awards 2014[7]. He is the New Generation Ambassador for Rotary International District 9110 and the author of book INSPIRED 101. Iheme has starred in over a hundred movies and is one of the most popular faces in Nollywood.[8] Like his onscreen partner Chinedu Ikedieze, Iheme has a small physique and the two are sometimes referred to as the midget duo.[by whom?] Iheme's rare condition[clarification needed] gave him the advantage of being different from all other actors in the Nigerian movie industry. He has evolved in his career from just a comedic actor to a multifaceted established actor. This has gained him respect throughout the Nigerian movie industry and with its fans alike.[6] To reward his contribution towards the growth of the Nigerian Film Industry, in 2011 he was awarded the Nigerian National Honour of Member of the Order of the Federal Republic (MFR) by President Goodluck Jonathan.

Mahashivratri

Maha Shivaratri is a Hindu festival celebrated annually in honour of Lord Shiva, and in particular, marks the night when Shiva performs the heavenly dance.[4][5] There is a Shivaratri in every luni-solar month of the Hindu calendar, on the month's 13th night/14th day, but once a year in late winter (February/March, or phalgun) and before the arrival of Summer, marks Maha Shivaratri which means "the Great Night of Shiva".[6][7]

It is a major festival in Hinduism, and this festival is solemn and marks a remembrance of "overcoming darkness and ignorance" in life and the world. It is observed by remembering Shiva and chanting prayers, fasting, and meditating on ethics and virtues such as honesty, non-injury to others, charity, forgiveness, and the discovery of Shiva.[7] The ardent devotees keep awake all night. Others visit one of the Shiva temples or go on pilgrimage to Jyotirlingams. This is an ancient Hindu festival whose origin date is unknown.[7]

In Kashmir Shaivism, the festival is called Har-ratri or phonetically simpler Haerath or Herath by Shiva faithfuls of the Kashmir region.[8][9] Cannabis is also smoked to mark this festival, especially in countries like Nepal and India
Description
A festival of contemplation
During the Vigil Night of Shiva, Mahashivaratri,
we are brought to the moment of interval
between destruction and regeneration;
it symbolizes the night
when we must contemplate on that which
watches the growth out of the decay.
During Mahashivaratri we have to be alone
with our sword, the Shiva out of us.
We have to look behind and before,
to see what evil needs eradicating from our heart,
what growth of virtue we need to encourage.
Shiva is not only outside of us but within us.
To unite ourselves with the One Self
is to recognize the Shiva in us.

—The Theosophical Movement, Volume 72[11]
Maha Shivaratri is an annual festival dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva, and is particularly important in the Shaivism tradition of Hinduism. Unlike most Hindu festivals which are celebrated during the day, the Maha Shivaratri is celebrated at night. Furthermore, unlike most Hindu festivals which include expression of cultural revelry, the Maha Shivaratri is a solemn event notable for its introspective focus, fasting, meditation on Shiva, self study, social harmony and an all night vigil at Shiva temples.[7]

The celebration includes maintaining a "jaagaran", an all-night vigil and prayers, because Shaiva Hindus mark this night as "overcoming darkness and ignorance" in one's life and the world through Shiva. Offerings of fruits, leaves, sweets and milk to Shiva are made, some perform all-day fasting with vedic or tantric worship of Shiva, and some perform meditative Yoga.[12] In Shiva temples, "Om Namah Shivaya", the sacred mantra of Shiva, is chanted through the day.

Maha Shivaratri is celebrated over three or ten days based on the Hindu luni-solar calendar.[6] Every lunar month, there is a Shivaratri (12 per year). The main festival is called Maha Shivaratri, or great Shivaratri, which is held on 13th night (waning moon) and 14th day of the month Phalguna. In the Gregorian calendar, the day falls in either February or March. [6]

History and significance
The Maha Shivaratri is mentioned in several Puranas, particularly the Skanda Purana, Linga Purana and Padma Purana. These medieval era Shaiva texts present different versions associated with this festival, & mention fasting, reverence for icons of Shiva such as the Lingam.[7]

Different legends describe the significance of Maha Shivaratri. According to one legend in the Shaivism tradition, this is the night when Shiva performs the heavenly dance of creation, preservation and destruction.[4][13] The chanting of hymns, the reading of Shiva scriptures and the chorus of devotees joins this cosmic dance and remembers Shiva's presence everywhere. According to another legend, this is the night when Shiva and Parvati got married.[4][14] A different legend states that the offering to Shiva icons such as the linga is an annual occasion to get over past sins if any, to restart on a virtuous path and thereby reach Mount Kailasha and liberation.[4]

The significance of dance tradition to this festival has historical roots. The Maha Shivaratri has served as a historic confluence of artists for annual dance festivals at major Hindu temples such as at Konark, Khajuraho, Pattadakal, Modhera and Chidambaram.[15] This event is called Natyanjali, literally "worship through dance", at the Chidambaram temple which is famous for its sculpture depicting all dance mudras in the ancient Hindu text of performance arts called Natya Shastra.[16][17] Similarly, at Khajuraho Shiva temples, a major fair and dance festival on Maha Shivaratri, involving Shaiva pilgrims camped over miles around the temple complex, was documented by Alexander Cunningham in 1864.[18]

Maha Shivaratri and Tantra
Maha Shivaratri is considered the day when adiyogi or the first guru awakened his consciousness at the material level of existence. According to Tantra, at this stage of consciousness, no objective experience takes place and the mind is transcended. The meditator transcends time, space and causation. It is regarded as the brightest night of the soul, when the yogi attains the state of Shoonya or Nirvana, the stage succeeding samadhi or illumination.

In India
Maha Shivaratri is celebrated in Tamil Nadu with great pomp and fanfare in the Annamalai temple located in Tiruvannamalai district. The special process of worship on this day is 'Girivalam'/Giri Pradakshina, a 14-kilometer bare foot walk around Lord Shiva's temple on top of the hill. A huge lamp of oil and camphor is lit on the hilltop at sunset - not to be confused with Karthigai Deepam.

The major Jyotirlinga Shiva temples of India, such as in Varanasi and Somanatha, are particularly frequented on Maha Shivaratri. They serve also as sites for fairs and special events.[19]

In Andhra and Telangana, Shivratri yatras are held at Mallayya gutta near Kambhalapalle, Gundlakamma Kona near Railway Koduru, Penchalakona, Bhairavakona, Uma Maheswaram amongst others. Special pujas are held at Pancharamas - Amararamam of Amaravati, Somaramam of Bhimavaram, Draksharamam, Kumararama of Samarlakota and Ksheerarama of Palakollu. The days immediately after Shivratri are celebrated as Brahmotsavaalu at Srisailam, one of 12 Jyotirlinga sites. Mahashivaratri utsavalu are held at the Rudreshwara Swamy's 1000 pillar temple in Warangal. Devotees throng for the special poojas at Srikalahasti, Mahanandi, Yaganti, Antarvedi, Kattamanchi, Pattiseema, Bhairavakona, Hanmakonda, Keesaragutta, Vemulawada, Panagal, Kolanupaka amongst others.

The Mandi fair is in the town of Mandi is particularly famous as a venue for Maha Shivaratri celebrations. It transforms the town as devotees pour in. It is believed that all gods and goddesses of the area, said to number more than 200, assemble here on the day of Maha Shivaratri. Mandi, located on the banks of Beas, is popularly known as the "Cathedral of Temples" and one of the oldest towns of Himachal Pradesh, with about 81 temples of different Gods and Goddesses on its periphery.[20][21][22]

In Kashmir Shaivism, Maha Shivaratri is celebrated by the Hindus of Kashmir and is called, "Herath" in Kashmiri, a word derived from the Sanskrit word "Hararatri" the "Night of Hara" (another name of Shiva). Shivaratri, regarded as the most important festival of the community, for instance, is celebrated by them on trayodashi or the thirteenth of the dark half of the month of Phalguna (February–March) and not on chaturdashi or the fourteenth as in the rest of the country. The reason for it is that this long drawn festival that is celebrated for one full fortnight as an elaborate ritual is associated with the appearance of Bhairava (Shiva) as a jwala-linga or a linga of flame. It has been described as Bhairavotsava in Tantric texts as on this occasion Bhairava and Bhairavi, His Shakti or cosmic energy, are propitiated through Tantric worship.[citation needed]

According to the legend associated with the origin of the worship, the linga appeared at pradoshakala or the dusk of early night as a blazing column of fire and dazzled Vatuka Bhairava and Rama (or Ramana) Bhairava, Mahadevi’s mind-born sons, who approached it to discover its beginning or end but miserably failed. Exasperated and terrified they began to sing its praises and went to Mahadevi, who herself merged with the awe-inspiring jwala-linga. The Goddess blessed both Vatuka and Ramana that they would be worshipped by human beings and would receive their share of sacrificial offerings on that day and those who would worship them would have all their wishes fulfilled. As Vatuka Bhairava emerged from a pitcher full of water after Mahadevi cast a glance into it, fully armed with all his weapons (and so did Rama), he is represented by a pitcher full of water in which walnuts are kept for soaking and worshipped along with Shiva, Parvati, Kumara, Ganesha, their ganas or attendant deities, yoginis and kshetrapalas (guardians of the quarters) – all represented by clay images. The soaked walnuts are later distributed as naivedya. The ceremony is called 'vatuk barun' in Kashmiri, which means filling the pitcher of water representing the Vatuka Bhairava with walnuts and worshipping it.[citation needed]

Central India has a large number of Shaiva followers. The Mahakaleshwar Temple, Ujjain is one of the most venerated shrines consecrated to Shiva, where a large congregation of devotees gathers to offer prayers on the day of Maha Shivaratri. Tilwara Ghat in the city of Jabalpur and the Math Temple in the village of Jeonara, Seoni are two other places where the festival is celebrated with much religious fervour.[citation needed]

In Punjab, Shobha Yatras would be organised by various Hindu organisations in different cities. It is a grand festival for Punjabi Hindus.

In Gujarat, Maha Shivaratri mela is held at Bhavnath near Junagadh where bathing in the Mrugi (Mrigi) kund is considered holy. According to myth, Lord Shiva himself comes to bath in the Mrugi kund.

In West Bengal, Maha Shivaratri is observed devoutly by unmarried girls seeking a suitable husband, often visiting Tarakeswar.

Stories & Beliefs
There are several stories and beliefs associated with this auspicious event.

Samudra Manthan
It is believed that on this particular day Lord Shiva gulped the Halahala produced during Samudra manthan and beheld it in his neck which bruised and turned blue, after which he was named as Neel Kanth. It is also believed that the famous Neelkanth Mahadev Temple is the place where this incident took place or where Lord Shiva consumed the poison as Dark matter and saved the universe.

In Nepal
Maha Shivaratri is a National Holiday in Nepal and celebrated widely in temples all over the country, but especially in the Pashupatinath temple. Thousands of devotees visit the famous Shiva Shakti Peetham nearby as well. Holy rituals are performed all over the nation. Artists from various classical music and dance forms perform through the night. On Maha Shivaratri, married women pray for the well being of their husbands, while unmarried women pray for a husband like Shiva, considered as the ideal husband. Shiva is also worshipped as the Adi Guru (first teacher) from whom the divine wisdom originates.[citation needed]

In Pakistan
Hindus in pakistan visit Shiva temples during Shivrathri. The most important is the three day Shivrathri festival in the Umarkot Shiv Mandir.It is one the biggest religious festivals in the country. It is attended by around 250,000 people. All the expenses were borne by the Pakistan Hindu Panchayat.[23] Shivrathri Celebrations also occur in the Churrio Jabal Durga Mata Temple,which is attended by 200,000 pilgrims.Hindus cremate the dead and ashes are preserved till Shivratri for immersion in the into holy water in Churrio Jabal Durga Mata Temple. [24]

Outside South Asia
Maha Shivaratri is the main Hindu festival among the Shaiva Hindu diaspora from Nepal and India. In Indo-Caribbean communities, thousands of Hindus spend the beautiful night in over four hundred temples across the country, offering special jhalls (an offering of milk and curd, flowers, sugarcane and sweets) to Lord Shiva.[25] In Mauritius, Hindus go on pilgrimage to Ganga Talao, a crater-lake

كريس برات

كريس برات (بالإنجليزية: Chris Pratt) مواليد 21 يونيو 1979، هو ممثل أمريكي. برات أصبح معروف بأدواره في المسلسلات التلفزيونية مثل إيفروود (2002-2006) وذا أو سي (2006-2007) و  الحدائق والمنتجعات (2009-2015). مسيرته السينمائية بدأت بأدوار ثانوية في أفلام مثل مطلوب (2008) وكرة المال (2011) و30 دقيقة بعد منتصف الليل (2012) وديليفيري مان (2013) وهي (2013). قبل أن يحقق شهرة كبيرة عندما أخذ الدور رئيسي في فيلم المغامرات والخيال العلمي حراس المجرة (2014)، حيث جسد فيه دور بيتر كويل / ستار لورد. وشارك في العالم الجوراسي (2015).
الحياة الشخصية
التقى كريس برات بالممثلة آنا فاريس خلال تصوير فيلم خذني إلى المنزل الليلة في 2007. أعلنت خطوبتهما بعد سنتين وتزوجا في بالي في 9 يوليو 2009. وعاشا في منطقة هوليوود هيلز بلوس أنجلوس، كاليفورنيا. ابنهما، جاك، ولد في أغسطس 2012. كريس مسيحي، وصرح أن ولادة ابنه المبكرة "أعادة إيماني بالرب" بعد أن قام هو وزوجته "بالصلاة كثيراً" حيث كانا خائفين في البداية من حالة تشخيص الطفل.

تربى كريس كلورثري وعمل لاحقاً في منظمة يهود من أجل يسوع، ثم أصبح مسيحي دون طائفة.

في 6 أغسطس 2017 أعلن كريس وآنا إنفصالهما القانوني. وفي 1 ديسمبر تم الطلاق رسمياً.

حياته المهنية
لدى بلوغه التاسعة عشر من عمره، عمل برات نادلًا في مطعم بوبا غامب شريمب كومباني في ماوي عندما اكتشفته الممثلة والمخرجة راي دون تشونج. أعطته الفرصة واختارته في بدايتها الإخراجية، فيلم الرعب القصير «كيرست» الجزء 3، الذي صُوّر في لوس أنجلوس. كان أول دور تلفزيوني منتظم لبرات هو دور هارولد برايتون المعروف باسم أبوت الذكي في سلسلة إيفروود. بعد إلغاء السلسلة، انضم كريس إلى فريق ذا أو سي في الموسم الرابع ولعب دور الناشط وينشستر تشي كوك، وظهر أيضًا في فيلم «وانتد»، الذي ضربه فيه جايمس ماكافوي بلوحة مفاتيح.

عام 2009، بدأ برات في لعب دور آندي دواير ضمن المسلسل الكوميدي باركس آند ريكرياشن. كان من المفترض أن يكون شخصية مؤقتة في المسلسل، لكن  المنتجين أحبوه كثيرًا وطلبوا منه أن يصبح ممثلًا دائمًا معهم. كانت هذه الشخصية هي التي فتحت له باب الشهرة وأطلقت مسيرته الفنية.

لعب برات دور سكوت هاتبرغ العظيم من فريق أوكلاند اتليتيكس في فيلم «موني بول» لعام 2011. قيل له في البداية إنه كان سمينًا جدًا لتمثيل هاتيبرغ، لأن وزنه قد زاد 40 رطلاً (18 كيلوغرام)، وهو ما نسبه برات إلى طهي صديقته آنذاك، الممثلة آنا فارس. قرر برات اتّباع حمية وفقدان بعض الوزن، فعمل بجهد وخسر أكثر من 30 رطلًا (14 كيلوغرام). عندما شعر أنه فقد ما يكفي من الوزن، أرسل صورةً شخصية إلى مدير الممثلين وفاز بالدور. قبل إصدار فيلم «موني بول»، كانت أدوار برات شخصيات شابة وغير ناضجة إلى حد ما. في «موني بول»، لعب دورًا دراماتيكيًا كأب ولاعب بيسبول يخشى ذات يوم أن حياته المهنية قد انتهت وأن لديه مهمة صعبة تتمثل في تعلم وضعية دفاعية جديدة.

أعاد اكتساب وزنه الذي فقده ليظهر في فيلم  «10 سنوات» (2011)، ثم فقده مرة أخرى ليلعب دور جندي في القوات البحرية ضمن فيلم «زيرو دارك ثيرتي» لعام 2012. لعب دور زميل عمل شخصية خواكين فينيكس ضمن فيلم الخيال العلمي «هير Her» للمخرج سبايك جونز في ديسمبر 2013.

صورته العامة
في شهر مارس من العام 2014، تسلّم برات جائزة «سينما كون» للأداء المبهر. عام 2014، صُنف في المرتبة الثانية ضمن القائمة السنوية لمجلة بيبول بوصفة الرجل الأكثر إثارة على قيد الحياة. ظهر برات على غلاف مجلة إنترتينمنت ويكلي في 18 يوليو، التي وثّقت تطور بنيته الجسدية على مدار 12 سنةً الماضية، بدءًا من وزن 220 رطلًا (100 كيلوغرام) خلال دوره في فيلم «إفروود» إلى 295 رطلًا (134 كيلوغرام) في فيلم «ديلفري مان»، ثم بين 225 و230 رطلًا (102 - 104) خلال دوره في فيلمي زيرو دارك ثيرتي وحرّاس المجرّة.

حياته الشخصية
في عام 2007، خلال جلسة تصوير فيلم «تيك مي هوم تونايت»، التقى برات بالممثلة آنا فاريس، التي لعبت دور حبيبته في الفيلم. تمت خطبتهما في أواخر عام 2008 وتزوجا في بالي، إندرونيسيا في 9 يوليو عام 2009. عاش الزوجان في حي هوليوود هيلز في لوس أنجلوس، كاليفورنيا. ولد ابنهما جاك في شهر أغسطس من عام 2012، سابقًا موعد ولادته بتسعة أسابيع، وكان يزن 12 أوقية (1.7 كيلوغرام) فقط. صرّح برات بأن ولادة ابنه قبل أوانه «أظهرت حقًا» مدى إيمانه بالرب، بعد أن صلّى طويلًا هو وزوجته خائفين بدايةً من تشخيص طفلهما. انفصل الزوجان عام 2017 وأنهيا طلاقهما في السنة التالية.

بدأ برات علاقة مع المؤلفة كاثرين شوارزينيغر في شهر يونيو من عام 2018. في 13 يناير من عام 2019، أعلن برات عبر حسابه على الانستغرام خطبته بشوارزينيغر. تزوجا في 8 يونيو عام 2019 في مونتيسيتو، كاليفورنيا.

ولد برات لوثريًا (يتبع مذهب اللوثرية)، وعمل لاحقًا لمنظمة «يهود من أجل يسوع»، وأصبح في النهاية مسيحيًا لا طائفيًا.

سياسيًا، صرّح برات بأنه لا يشعر بتمثيل أي من طرفي الطيف السياسي له، وأبدى رغبته في إيجاد أرضية مشتركة بينهما. تبرع برات بمبلغ 1000$ لصالح حملة باراك أوباما الانتخابية عام 2012

Chris Pratt

Christopher Michael Pratt (born June 21, 1979)[1] is an American actor. He rose to prominence for his television roles, particularly as Andy Dwyer in the NBC sitcom Parks and Recreation (2009–2015), for which he received critical acclaim and was nominated for the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series in 2013. He also starred earlier in his career as Bright Abbott in The WB drama series Everwood (2002–2006) and had roles in Wanted (2008), Jennifer's Body (2009), Moneyball (2011), The Five-Year Engagement (2012), Zero Dark Thirty (2013), Delivery Man (2013), and Her (2013).

Pratt achieved leading man status in 2014 after starring in two critically and commercially successful films, Warner Animation Group's The Lego Movie as Emmet Brickowski and Marvel Studios' Guardians of the Galaxy as Star-Lord. In 2015, he starred in Jurassic World, the fourth installment in the Jurassic Park franchise, which was his most financially successful film up until the release of Avengers: Infinity War, and later Avengers: Endgame; he reprised the former role in the sequel Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom in 2018. In 2015, Time named Pratt one of the 100 most influential people in the world on the annual Time 100 list.[2]

Pratt continued his leading man run in 2016 with The Magnificent Seven and Passengers. He reprised his role as Star-Lord in the Marvel Cinematic Universe in Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (2017), Avengers: Infinity War (2018) and Avengers: Endgame (2019), a role which he will reprise in Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3. He is set to be in a lead role in the military sci-fi war film The Tomorrow War, in which he is making his debut as a film producer.
Early life
Christopher Michael Pratt was born in Virginia, Minnesota[3] the youngest child of Kathleen Louise (née Indahl), who worked at a Safeway supermarket, and Daniel Clifton Pratt, who worked in mining and later remodeling houses.[4][5][6] Pratt's father died in 2014 from multiple sclerosis.[7] His mother is of Norwegian descent.[8] When Pratt was seven years old, the family moved to Lake Stevens, Washington.[9] Pratt placed fifth in a high school state wrestling tournament;[4][10] he later recalled that when his wrestling coach asked him what he wished to do with his life, he said "'I don't know, but I know I'll be famous and I know I'll make a shit ton of money.' I had no idea how. I'd done nothing proactive."[4] He graduated from Lake Stevens High School in 1997.[11]

Pratt dropped out of community college halfway through the first semester and, after working as a discount ticket salesman and daytime stripper, he ended up homeless in Maui, Hawaii, sleeping in a van and a tent on the beach. He told The Independent, "It's a pretty awesome place to be homeless. We just drank and smoked weed and worked minimal hours, just enough to cover gas, food, and fishing supplies."[4][12] He recalled listening to the Dr. Dre album 2001 daily, to the point where he knew every lyric; years later, he rapped Eminem's verses from the song "Forgot About Dre" extemporaneously during an interview.[13] During his time in Maui, he worked for Christian missionary organization Jews for Jesus.[14]

Career
2000–2012: Career beginnings and breakthrough
At 19 years old, Pratt was waiting tables at the Bubba Gump Shrimp Company restaurant in Maui when he was discovered by actress and director Rae Dawn Chong. She cast him in her directorial debut, the short horror film Cursed Part 3, which was filmed in Los Angeles.[3][4][15] Pratt's first regular television role was as Harold Brighton "Bright" Abbott on the series Everwood.[4][16] After Everwood's cancellation, he joined the cast of The O.C. for its fourth season, playing activist Winchester "Ché" Cook.[4] He also had an appearance in the 2008 action film Wanted, where James McAvoy hits him with a keyboard.
In 2009, Pratt began playing Andy Dwyer on the NBC comedy series Parks and Recreation. Originally meant to be a temporary character, producers liked Pratt so much they asked him to become a series regular.[4][17] This would become his breakout character.

Pratt portrayed Oakland Athletics first baseman/catcher Scott Hatteberg in the 2011 film Moneyball. He was initially told that he was too fat to play Hatteberg, as he had gained 40 pounds (18 kg), which Pratt attributed to the cooking of his then-girlfriend, actress Anna Faris. Deciding to lose weight, he worked out continuously, regularly checking to see if the part was cast, losing a total of 30 pounds (14 kg). When he felt he had lost enough, he sent a photo of himself to the casting director and won the part. Prior to the release of Moneyball, Pratt was typecast as youthful and somewhat immature characters. In Moneyball, he played a dramatic role as a father and dejected baseball player who once feared his career was over and who had the difficult task of learning a new defensive position.[4][18]

He gained back the weight he had lost to appear in the film 10 Years (2011), then lost it again to portray a Navy SEAL in the film Zero Dark Thirty (2012).[4] He played the co-worker of Joaquin Phoenix character in Spike Jonze's sci-fi romance Her in December 2013.[19]

2013–present: Worldwide recognition and franchise work
Although Pratt had been known until that point for playing supporting characters,[4] and was best known as his portly Parks and Recreation character, he headlined two feature films in 2014: Emmet Brickowski in The Lego Movie,[4][12] which grossed $469.1 million;[20] and Peter Quill / Star-Lord in Marvel Studios' Guardians of the Galaxy, which grossed $773.3 million.[21] Pratt had initially turned down the role of Peter Quill in 2013, explaining that he did not "want another Captain Kirk or Avatar moment" (after humbling auditions for both[22]). The film's casting director, Sarah Finn, suggested Pratt to director James Gunn, who had struggled to cast that role and dismissed the idea. Despite this, Finn arranged for a meeting between the two, at which point Gunn was convinced that Pratt was perfect for the role. Pratt also won over Marvel Studios President Kevin Feige, despite having gained weight again for the comedy film Delivery Man.[4][23] The role was part of a multi-film deal that Pratt signed with Marvel.[24] Bruce Diones of The New Yorker noted, "Pratt, overflowing with charisma, plays the leader of the pack of misfits, and his blissed-out space cowboy (with a love for seventies music) is so full of good will that he buoys the film and its requisite whizbang special effects."[25]

In November 2013, Pratt, an avid fan of Jurassic Park, who has referred to that film as "my Star Wars",[4] replaced Josh Brolin as the lead in the film Jurassic World (2015). He played Owen Grady, who works training velociraptors.[26][27][28][29] Jurassic World grossed $652.3 million in North America and $1.018 billion overseas for a worldwide total of $1.670 billion.[30] His performance was praised, with Peter Travers from Rolling Stones writing that Pratt "ace[d] it as an action hero and invests his sexual banter with a comic flair the movie could have used more of."[31] He reprised the role in the sequel, Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom, which was released on June 22, 2018.[32] Though the sequel was a commercial success,[33] the film received mixed reviews, with Brian Lowry from CNN criticizing it for "largely neutralizing [...] Pratt's charm and comedic skills.
His next film role was as Josh Faraday, a gambler, in The Magnificent Seven, a remake of the 1960 Western with the same title, in which he starred alongside Denzel Washington. The film was released on September 23, 2016.[35] Pratt's second 2016 release was Passengers, a science fiction film which opened in December, and co-starred Jennifer Lawrence. Pratt played a character described as "a mechanic, who wants to get off an Earth that no longer seems to value a guy who works with his hands".[36]

Pratt reprised his role as Peter Quill / Star-Lord in the Guardians of the Galaxy sequel Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2, which was released in May 2017. The film focuses on Quill's and his team's search for his father.[37] Pratt also portrayed the character in Avengers: Infinity War, which was released in April 2018,[38] and reprised the role in Avengers: Endgame, which was released on April 26, 2019.[39]

Additionally, Pratt reprised his role as Emmet in The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part along with another character Rex Dangervest. In August 2017, Pratt was confirmed to star in the western drama The Kid.[40] He is also set to appear as Duncan in the action film Cowboy Ninja Viking alongside Priyanka Chopra.[41] Initially the movie was decided to be released in June 2019, however, on August 7, 2018, the film was pulled from the release list, nullifying the previous release date.[42] In December 2018, Pratt signed on to the Pixar animated film Onward, alongside Avengers: Infinity War co-star Tom Holland.[43]

Public image
In March 2014, Pratt was awarded the CinemaCon Award for Breakthrough Performer.[44][45] In 2014, he was ranked at No. 2 on People magazine's annual list of Sexiest Men Alive.[46] Pratt was the featured cover story of the July 18 Entertainment Weekly, which documented the evolution of Pratt's physique over the course of the previous 12 years, going from 220 pounds (100 kg) for his role on Everwood to 295 pounds (134 kg) for Delivery Man, to 225–230 pounds (102–104 kg) for his roles in Zero Dark Thirty and Guardians of the Galaxy.[4] Pratt poked fun at his fluctuating physique in a musical number he performed during his monologue when he hosted the September 27, 2014, episode of Saturday Night Live.[47] On April 21, 2017, Pratt received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his achievements in motion pictures, located at 6834 Hollywood Boulevard.[48][49]

Personal life
In 2007, on the set of Take Me Home Tonight, Pratt met actress Anna Faris, who played his love interest in the film.[4][50] They were engaged in late 2008[51] and married in Bali, Indonesia on July 9, 2009,[52] eloping on a whim after a friend's wedding.[53] They lived in the Hollywood Hills neighborhood of Los Angeles, California.[54][55] Their son, Jack, was born in August 2012,[56] nine weeks premature and weighing only 3 pounds 12 ounces (1.7 kg).[57] Pratt stated that the birth of his preterm son "really defined" his faith in God, after both he and his wife "prayed a lot" as they were initially afraid of the baby's prognosis.[58] The two separated in 2017[59][60] and finalized their divorce the following year.[61]

Pratt began a relationship with author Katherine Schwarzenegger in June 2018.[62][63] On January 13, 2019, Pratt announced through Instagram that he and Schwarzenegger were engaged.[64][65] They were married on June 8, 2019 in Montecito, California.[66]

Pratt was raised Lutheran and later worked for Jews for Jesus, eventually becoming a non-denominational Christian.[67]

Politically, Pratt has stated that he does not feel represented by either side of the political spectrum and has expressed a desire to find common ground.[68] Pratt donated over $1,000 to Barack Obama's 2012 campaign.

زياد علي

زياد علي محمد