إدارة ريال مدريد سعيدة جدا بمستوى ريغيلون مع إشبيلية

إدارة ريال مدريد سعيدة جدا بمستوى ريغيلون مع إشبيلية

الأمر متروك لزيدان إذا ما أراد الإعتماد على مارسيلو مع ميندي لعام اخر ، او اعادة ريغيلون مع ميندي 

International Day of Happiness

International Day of Happiness

The International Day of Happiness is celebrated worldwide every year on 20 March,[1] and was originally conceptualized and founded in 2006 by Jayme Illien, CEO of the United Nations New World Order project, to advance happiness as a fundamental human right for all human beings, and happytalism, as new economic system, theory, and philosophy, which achieves the United Nations global goals, and the happiness, well-being, and freedom of all life on earth.[2][3][4][5][6][7]

The next international day of happiness is March 20, 2021.[8]

The 2020 International Day of Happiness campaign theme is ‘Happiness For All, Together'”. To celebrate, UNIDOHappiness, the UN secretariat for the International Day Of Happiness, is calling on all 7.8 billion people and all 206 nations and territories, to take the "Ten Steps to Global Happiness" challenge and call to action. The ten steps to global happiness are "ten easy steps any individual, organization, or country, can take on the international day of happiness, and throughout happiness week, to celebrate the international day of happiness, while also advancing the happiness, wellbeing, and freedom of all life on earth by 2050, when the United Nations forecasts global population to reach 10 billion".[9][10][8] The first step is “Tell Everyone", which is designed "spread the word" to increase global awareness about the very existence of the international day of happiness, and the UN's unanimous recognition of happiness as a human right, as well as happiness as an approach to sustainable economic and human development.[8] [11]

The 2006 origin and inspiration for creating the international day of happiness initially came from founder Jayme Illien's belief that the happiness, wellbeing, and freedom of all life on earth is the ultimate purpose of every human being, nation, and society. Illien developed his vision for global happiness as humanity's ultimate purpose, through a life spent on the frontlines saving orphaned and abandoned children fleeing war, genocide, and extreme poverty, and theorizing about solutions to the human condition, and the great challenges facing humankind, after he himself was abandoned as an orphan, and rescued from a roadside in India in 1980, by missionaries of Mother Teresa, who first named him Adam, and sent him to live in America.[4][12]

In 2006, Illien first presented the new economic theory, "happytalism", as a new economic system for the 21st century and beyond, to replace old world economic systems (from 5th to 20th century) such as capitalism, communism, socialism, mercantilism, colonialism, feudalism, racism, and sexism, among others - all created more than 150-1000 years ago. In 2006, Illien successfully demonstrated to prominent economists, academics, political scientists, philosophers, presidents, prime ministers, and heads of state, all in a position to advance happytalism as a solution to the great challenges facing humankind, that the new economic theory was the solution to the world's most pressing and greatest human development challenges and opportunities. However, despite Illien's successful proof of happytalism as a new economic system to replace capitalism and other old world, archaic, obsolete economic systems and models, this eminent multidisciplinary group of experts rejected the idea, and refused to further evaluate or consider the new economic theory due to what Illien, and co founder, Ndaba Mandela, believed were "old world and obsolete tyranny of the status quo, entrenched racist and sexist bias, mindset, incompetence, failed intelligence and intellectual vitality, and an archaic, potentially criminal world view that is a gross violation of global ethical norms, and implicit fiduciary responsibility to all humanity, incapable of seeing and doing what is right and necessary to advance humanity forward".[13][7][14][15][16]

In 2008, in response to the rejection of Illien's concept of "happytalism" as a new economic theory, and convinced of happytalism as the solution to humanity's great challenges and opportunities in the 21st century and beyond, Illien launched the United Nations New World Order project with co founder Ndaba Mandela, grandson of Nelson Mandela, former president of South Africa, who led the revolution and movement that ended apartheid, and "gave birth to a new nation, a new political party, and a new era of democratic governance in South Africa, and the African Continent.". The United Nations New World Order Project launched in 2008 envisioned, among several UN based policy initiatives, the creation of a United Nations sanctioned "international day of happiness", as a global day of awareness that commemorates and recognizes happiness as a human right, and a fundamental, universal human goal, and calls for a new happiness centric human development paradigm which achieves the happiness, wellbeing, and freedom of all life on earth. [10][17]

Illien drew inspiration for the idea of establishing the international day of happiness from the founders of the United States of America, and authors of the US Declaration of Independence, as well as, the founders of the United Nations, and UN Day, and the authors of the United Nations Charter. Illien believed that an "international day of happiness", established with, and recognized by, a new UN resolution, with the support of all 193 UN member countries, would provide the essential, unique, and broad-based, wide-ranging democratic support, international credibility, and worldwide legal legitimacy, for a new global day of happiness for humanity, which in turn, would enable future generations to eventually, objectively consider the concept of happytalism as a new economic system to solve to the great challenges facing humanity, thereby placing the fate and future of happytalism directly in the hands of the people and future generations.[18][19][20]

In 2012, the United Nations General Assembly adopted UN resolution 66 281: International Day of Happiness with the unanimous consensus of all 193 Member States, and the support of then UN Secretary General Ban Ki moon, declaring March 20 as the international day of happiness.[21][12] Illien chose 20 March for its significance as the March equinox, a universal phenomenon felt simultaneously by all of humankind.[21][12]

In 2012, the United Nations also hosted the first high level meeting on Happiness and Well-being: Defining A New Economic Paradigm, at which UN Secretary General Ban Ki moon declared

How to Celebrate: Annual Commemoration and Observance

United Nations resolution 66 281 International Day of Happiness calls on all 7.8 billion human beings to celebrate the international day of happiness.[28][29]

Every year since 2013, UNIDOHappiness, the official home and secretariat of the UN international day of happiness launches the "Ten Steps To Global Happiness" campaign which has become an annual tradition.[30] The international day of happiness is celebrated in 206 countries "through social media, local, national, global, and virtual events, UN ceremonies and campaigns, and independent celebrations around the world, consistent with Article 2 of UN resolution 66 281, and the spirit of UN resolution 65 309". Highlights include the hashtag "#InternationalDayOfHappiness" trending on social media, and the UN's launch of the World Happiness Reports, a ranking of the world's happiest countries.[11] [31]

UNIDOHappiness: Ten Steps To Global Happiness

UNIDOHappiness, the official home and secretariat of the UN international day of happiness announces the annual theme every year since the first international day of happiness was celebrated in 2013. As part of the annual theme announcement, UNIDOHappiness also launches the "Ten Steps To Global Happiness" tradition, which are "ten easy steps any individual, organization, or country, can take on the international day of happiness and throughout happiness week to celebrate the international day of happiness, while also advancing the happiness, wellbeing, and freedom of all life on earth by 2050 when the United Nations forecasts global population to reach 10 billion".[8][10][9]

Step 1: "Tell Everyone"

The first step in the Ten Steps To Global Happiness, is "Tell Everyone" with the idea and purpose of "spreading the word" about the existence and mission of the international day of happiness. Tell Everyone is designed to be very simple such as wishing a friend, family member, professional colleague, group, or stranger a "Happy International Day of Happiness" just as one might wish someone a "Happy Birthday" or a "Happy Holidays". The idea of "Tell Everyone" as the first step is also to leave an open window for creativity, and more innovative, and complex ways of "Telling Everyone" with the broader purpose of informing as many people as possible about the international day of happiness. These examples include writing a song, a youtube video, or printing out and sharing the UN 'Happiness Resolutions' in a public setting such as a school, office building, restaurant, or coffee shop. The idea according to the UNIDOHappiness website is "to have fun with it", and to be creative in expressing oneself while getting the news out about the international day of happiness.[3] [1][4]

Step 2: Do What Makes You Happy

The second step in the Ten Steps To Global Happiness annual campaign tradition is "Do what makes you happy". The second step is designed to emphasize the notion that happiness is a fundamental human right. The second step emphasizes the values, principles, and ethos of the ancient philosophers of east and west, the enlightenment economists and philosophers, and ideals encompassed in the US Declaration of Independence which declares that all human beings are entitled to certain fundamental 'inalienable rights' "including the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness." The second step also employs the "happiness is contagious" mechanism as a way of spreading happiness to others by doing what makes one happy. The second step is also meant to communicate more complex concepts about happiness such as the notion that happiness is actually achieved not only through "self interested" activities but also through giving, helping others, being grateful, among other ways of living and acting which might not be immediately obvious to then casual happiness seeker, but which wide ranging research reveal are in fact the "secrets" to happiness.[8]

Step 3: Give and Spread Happiness To Others

The third step is "give and spread happiness to others". This 3rd step directly emphasizes the idea that giving and spreading happiness to others increases happiness levels for both the doer and the recipient, thereby increasing happiness of all involved, and more broadly, expanding global happiness levels.[11]

Step 4: Celebrate a Happiness Month Event

Step four is to "celebrate a happiness month event". Step 4 encourages celebration of the international day of happiness by participating in an international day of happiness or happiness month event - virtual, local, national, international, and/or official, that is occurring around the world. The purpose of Step 4 is to promote independent initiative of people, organizations, and nations around the world to celebrate the international day of happiness and happiness month in a way that is consistent with article 2 of UN resolution 66 281, and thereby activates increased celebration, awareness, and global happiness levels.[11]

Step 5: Share happiness on social media

Step 5 is to "share happiness on social media" across a range of topics including "doing what makes you happy", "giving and spreading happiness to others", "thoughts on happiness and a happier world", as well as anything related to happiness including articles on the topic of happiness. The idea and purpose of step 5 is to increase worldwide happiness levels through the exponential power of social media to spread happiness with the idea that happiness is a contagious and has an intrinsic multiplicative and exponential property.[8]

Step 6: Promote the UN 'Happiness Resolutions'

Step 6 is to promote the two UN 'happiness' resolutions, which are the two UN resolutions on the subject of happiness, "UN 65 309: Happiness Toward a Holistic Approach To Development", and "UN 66 281: International Day of Happiness". The purpose of step 6 is to raise greater awareness about the two resolutions dealing with happiness, which call for happiness as a human right, and a new economic paradigm to achieve the happiness, wellbeing, and freedom of all life on earth.[8]

Step 7: Read and Share the World Happiness Reports

Step 7 is to read and share the World Happiness Reports. The purpose of step 7 is to encourage individuals, organizations, and nations to celebrate the international day of happiness by reading and sharing the World Happiness Reports, which include research about what leads to happy people, schools, companies, nations, and society. Step 7 intends to increase global happiness levels through greater awareness of the information and key takeaways of the World Happiness Reports.[8]

Step 8: Advance the UN's Global Goals

Step 8 is to work toward advancing the 17 global goals and the 169 targets set by the United Nations to achieve by 2030, an integral part of achieving the happiness, wellbeing, and freedom of all life on earth by 2050.

Step 9: Become a Global Partner & Ambassador

Step 9 is to become a global partner and/or ambassador of the international day of happiness, primarily through "badging in" which broadly is defined as using the UNIDOHappiness official logo and branding on websites, printed materials, and similar to demonstrate solidarity and support with the international day of happiness, as well as, to promote happiness levels on an individual, community, global, and societal level.[8]

Step 10: Adopt and Spread Happytalism

Step 10 is to adopt and spread happytalism, a new economic system, socio-political philosophy, and global human development paradigm which places the primacy of happiness, wellbeing, and freedom at the center of economic and human development and all life, and which seeks as its ultimate end, the happiness, well-being, and freedom of all life on earth. Step 10's purpose is to increase global happiness levels by calling on those celebrating the international day of happiness, to shift to a happytalist mindset and way of life, as a mechanism for in turn, expanding global happiness levels.[8]

History and Background

In 2006, the international day of happiness was originally conceived by Jayme Illien, the founder of happytalism, and CEO of the United Nations New World Order Project, as a way to advance happiness a fundamental human right, and a new economic theory "happytalism", as a new economic and human development system to replace old world economic systems (from 5th to 20th century) such as capitalism, communism, socialism, mercantilism, colonialism, and feudalism, among others, all created more than 150-1000 years ago.[12][7][14][16]

Origin

The origin of the international day of happiness began with the 1980 birth and rescue of an orphan who was found abandoned by a roadside in Kolkata, India, by missionaries of Saint Mother Teresa, who first named him Adam, and sent him to live in America with a nurse named Anna Belle, who changed Adam's name to Jayme.

Adam, (now named Jayme by his caretaker and adoptive mother), traveled around the world to war torn and poverty stricken developing countries, to save the lives of other orphaned and abandoned children, beginning at a young age and throughout his formative years, with his adoptive mother Anna Belle, who had founded a non profit charity, which helps save the lives of orphaned and abandoned children through international adoption and humanitarian assistance programs. Adam was horrified and appalled at the suffering of thousands of orphaned and abandoned children in the streets, slums, and orphanages, left behind by economic systems, governance, nations, and society. During these early years, Adam then made a promise, the "original promise", to do everything possible to improve the situation of his suffering orphan brothers and sisters, and to research, develop, and implement permanent solutions to end their suffering.[4][12]

Genesis

In 2006, twenty-six years later, Illien who had studied and worked in international economic development, had initially presented the idea of recognizing happiness as a human right and "happytalism" as a new economic theory, system and human development paradigm to prominent economists, academics, political scientists, philosophers, heads of state, and development experts in a position to advance the concept into the mainstream discussion of human development. However, Illien's idea was initially rejected. In response, Illien came up with the idea for an "international day of happiness" as a new global day of awareness to secure the principle, and ideal of happiness as a human right, as a new economic system to solve the great challenges facing humanity, and the ultimate purpose of every human being, nation, and society, with the unanimous support of all 193 UN member states, and ultimately the people of the world, present, and in the future. Illien drew inspiration for conceptualizing and founding the international day of happiness as an annual celebration into perpetuity, which would raise the global awareness and conversation about happiness as a fundamental human right, new economic system, and as the ultimate purpose for individuals, families, communities, nations, and society, from other leaders, endeavors, and milestones in history such as the founders of the United States of America, the US Declaration of Independence and Independence Day, and the founders of the United Nations and UN Day.[7] [8]

Global Creation Campaign

In 2008, Illien launched the United Nations New World Order project with co founder Ndaba Mandela, grandson of former President Nelson Mandela, which along with several UN-based policy initiatives, envisioned the creation of the international day of happiness as a global day of awareness, which commemorates and recognizes happiness as a human right, and a fundamental, universal human goal, and calls for a new human development paradigm which achieves the happiness, wellbeing, and freedom of all life on earth.

In 2011, Illien brought the idea and concept of creating a new global day of awareness, the International Day of Happiness, to senior United Nations Officials.

By 2012, Illien successfully campaigned to unite a global coalition of all 193 United Nations member states, and secured the endorsement of the President of the UN General Assembly, and then Secretary-General of the United Nations, Ban Ki moon, for the idea and concept of establishing a new official international UN calendar day of observance known as the International Day of Happiness, through the adoption of a new UN resolution. Illien authored UN resolution 66/281, which was ultimately adopted by the unanimous consensus of all 193 UN member states of the United Nations General Assembly on 28 June 2012.[12]

UN "Happiness" Resolutions

The UN Happiness resolutions are the two UN resolutions, UN 65 309 and UN 66 281, which address the topic of happiness. Collectively, the UN happiness resolutions resulted in the creation of the international day of happiness (66281), and the UN's call for a new economic paradigm of happiness, wellbeing, and freedom (UN 65309, UN Charter).

Gross global happiness and the first UN high-level meeting on happiness and wellbeing

On 2 April 2012, the United Nations hosted the first high-level meeting on happiness and wellbeing: Defining A New Economic Paradigm. At this meeting of heads of state, ministers and high-level delegates from over thirty countries and intergovernmental organizations like the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki moon.

The resolution also celebrates a modern legal and constitutional history of humankind which recognizes happiness as a human right and goal.

Kamal Nath

Kamal Nath

Kamal Nath (born 18 November 1946) is an Indian politician who served as the 18th Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh for approximately 15 months and resigned after a political crisis.[1][2]

As a leader of the Indian National Congress he has served as the Minister of Urban Development. He is one of the longest serving and most senior members of the Lok Sabha, the lower house of India's bicameral Parliament.[3] He was appointed the Pro Tem Speaker of the 16th Lok Sabha.[4] He has been elected nine times from the Chhindwara Lok Sabha constituency of Madhya Pradesh.[5][6][7] Nath was elected president of the Madhya Pradesh Congress Committee in May 2018,[8] leading the party in the November–December 2018 assembly election.[9] He assumed the office of Chief Minister on 17 December 2018 and resigned on 20 March 2020 due to lack of majority in government.

Early life

Nath was born in Kanpur in a business family.[10] He is an alumnus of The Doon School,[11] and earned a Bachelor of Commerce from St. Xavier's College of the University of Calcutta.

Career

Nath was first elected to the 7th Lok Sabha in 1980.[12] He was re-elected to the 8th Lok Sabha in 1984, the 9th Lok Sabha in 1989, and the 10th Lok Sabha in 1991. He was inducted into the Union Council of Ministers as Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) of Environment and Forests in June 1991.[13] From 1995 to 1996 he served as Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) of Textiles.[14]

Nath was elected to the 12th Lok Sabha in 1998 and the 13th Lok Sabha in 1999. From 2001 to 2004, he was the General Secretary of the Indian National Congress (INC).[15] He was re-elected to the 14th Lok Sabha in the 2004 elections and served as Union Cabinet Minister of Commerce and Industry from 2004 to 2009.

On 16 May 2009 he again won the elections from his constituency for the 15th Lok Sabha and re-entered the Cabinet, this time as Union Minister of Road Transport and Highways.[7] In 2011, as a result of a cabinet reshuffle, Nath replaced Jaipal Reddy to take on the role of Minister of Urban Development.[16]

In October 2012 Nath was confirmed to the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs in addition to his current role as Minister of Urban Development.[17]

In late 2012 Nath replaced Pranab Mukherjee to help the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government win a crucial debate on foreign direct investment in India (FDI).[18] Nath also replaced Minister of Rural Development Jairam Ramesh as an ex officio member of the Planning Commission in December 2012.[19]

From 4 to 5 June 2014 Kamal Nath was the only member to have taken the official oath as a member of the newly-elected 16th Lok Sabha, and was made the Pro Tem Speaker. The first day of the Lok Sabha, on which the Pro Tem Speaker normally administers the oath to all other elected members, was interrupted by the death of Union Cabinet Minister of Rural Development Gopinath Munde. The House was adjourned after paying tribute to Munde and observing a two-minute silence. Since no other elected member had taken the oath that day, they were not officially members of parliament.[20].

On 13 December 2018, Kamal Nath was elected as the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh after the INC emerged as the single largest party with 114 seats.

Political associations

Kamal Nath is a member of the INC (Indian National Congress) political party and served as general secretary from 2001–2004.[21]

Nath has close ties with the Nehru–Gandhi family, being young friends and schoolmates with Sanjay at the Doon School, an independent boarding school located in Dehradun.[22]

Business career

Kamal Nath serves as president of the board of governors for The Institute of Management Technology (IMT) a management institution.[23]

He is Chairman of "Madhya Pradesh Child Development Council" and Patron to the Bharat Yuvak Samaj (Youth Wing of All India Bharat Seva Samaj).[24]

Political views

Economic development

Kamal Nath is a strong proponent of economic development in India. At the World Economic Forum (WEF) Davos, Switzerland in 2011 Nath shared his views on improving market access for developing countries in the area of agriculture stating India's applied tariffs for exports in developed countries was very low. Nath claims that this is due to continued imports through schemes like EPCG (Export Promotion Capital Goods Scheme) where tariffs are not levied.[25]

Competing in the world market

Nath disagrees with the Trade protectionist outlook displayed among struggling countries and considers it to be the wrong response to a financial crisis.[26] He has pushed for stronger international co-operation in India, such as expanding on Indo-German relations. Nath stated for a mutually beneficial relationship with Germany to exist it must rely on using both countries' manufacturing strengths. He outlined focus areas of production including telecom, engineering, environmental technology, chemicals, pharmaceuticals and food processing, and renewable energy.[27] Kamal Nath describes India's entrepreneurial spirit and the countries' potential for global commerce growth in his book India's Century.[28]

Kamal Nath on infrastructure development

Nath emphasises the need for infrastructure development in India with projects like the Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor, a 90 billion dollars industrial development project. The DMIC proposes major expansion of infrastructure and industry and aims to develop an industrial zone across six states in India.[29] Within the first five years of the project expectations are set at doubling employment potential, tripling industrial output, and quadrupling exports from the region.[30]

Public–private partnership (PPP)

Kamal Nath advocates a PPP model on completing such ambitious projects like the DMIC and other infrastructure development projects. He references success with PPP models implemented in India's Metro operations.[31]

Controversies

Rice export accusations

In 2007, during Kamal Nath's tenure as Commerce minister, an Empowered Group of Ministers that included Nath, Pranab Mukherjee, and Sharad Pawar helped lift a ban on the export of non-basmati rice. It was alleged that PSUs involved in export of this rice to Africa outsourced the efforts to domestic private companies. It is claimed that the private companies made large profits while the PSUs reported small margins.[32]

He was charge sheeted in the Hawala scandal and denied a ticket by the Congress itself in 1996, wherein he made his wife Alka Nath stand for elections from the Chhindwara (Lok Sabha constituency).[33]

1984 Anti Sikh Riots

On 1 November 1984, a day after Indira Gandhi's assassination, anti Sikh Massacre broke out in Delhi as a result of which 3000 sikhs were murdered by mobs. Nanavati commission led by a retired Judge of the Supreme Court of India investigated the riots some 25 years after it happened but were unable to find surviving evidence. The commission found that the allegations of his involvement lacked sufficient evidence as of 2008-09.[34][35] Nath was not charged and he later stated that he was "fully absolved" by the Nanavati Commission.[36]

2019 Income Tax Raid

The Income Tax Department, an Indian government agency, conducted inspections at the properties of relatives and aides of CM Kamal Nath in April 2019. The agency claimed detecting about 281 crore rupees in unaccounted cash, including 20 crore paid to the Congress headquarters in Delhi through hawala. Kailash Vijayvargiya tweeted about the estimation of the detected illegal cash before the Central Board of Direct Taxes' statement on the raids, Kamal Nath's media coordinator Narender Saluja in turn called the raids were orchestrated to malign his party.[37][38][39]

Personal life

He married Alka Nath on 27 January 1973 and has two sons.[40]

Awards and recognition

In 2006 Kamal Nath received an Honorary Doctorate from Jabalpur's Rani Durgavati University for his contributions to the public sector.[41]

Kamal Nath was named the FDI Personality of the Year 2007 by the FDI magazine and the Financial Times Business for his "Active efforts to attract foreign businesses to India, boost exports, and promote trade and investment".[42]

In 2008 he was honoured with the title "Business Reformer of the year" by The Economic Times.[43]

In November 2012, he received the "ABLF Statesman Award" at the Asian Business Leadership Forum Awards 2012

Tangled

Tangled

is a 2010 American 3D computer-animated musical adventure film[2] produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. Loosely based on the German fairy tale "Rapunzel" in the collection of folk tales published by the Brothers Grimm, it is the 50th Disney animated feature film. Featuring the voices of Mandy Moore, Zachary Levi and Donna Murphy,[7] the film tells the story of a lost, young princess with magical long blonde hair who yearns to leave her secluded tower. Against her mother's wishes, she accepts the aid of an intruder to take her out into the world which she has never seen.

Before the film's release, its title was changed from Rapunzel to Tangled, reportedly to market the film gender-neutrally.[5] Tangled spent six years in production at a cost that has been estimated at $260 million, which, if accurate, would make it the most expensive animated film ever made and one of the most expensive films of all time. The film employed a unique artistic style by blending together features of computer-generated imagery (CGI) and traditional animation while using non-photorealistic rendering to create the impression of a painting. Composer Alan Menken, who had worked on prior Disney animated features, returned to score Tangled.

Tangled premiered at the El Capitan Theatre on November 14, 2010, and went into general release on November 24. The film earned $591 million in worldwide box office revenue,[6] $200 million of which was earned in the United States and Canada. The film was nominated for a number of awards, including Best Original Song at the 83rd Academy Awards. The film was released on Blu-ray and DVD on March 29, 2011; a short film, Tangled Ever After, was released later in 2012 and a television series premiered in 2017.

Plot

Long ago, a drop of sunlight fell onto Earth and grew a magical flower capable of healing illness, decay, and injury. For hundreds of years, the flower is used by a woman named Mother Gothel to retain her youth, until soldiers from a nearby kingdom of Corona, find the flower and use it to heal their ailing and pregnant queen. Shortly afterward, the Queen gives birth to a shockingly blonde Princess Rapunzel. While attempting to recover the flower, Gothel discovers that Rapunzel's golden hair contains the flower's healing properties. She tries to steal Rapunzel's hair but discovers that cutting her hair destroys its power. Gothel instead abducts the baby and raises Rapunzel as her own daughter in an isolated tower. In order to keep Rapunzel content in the tower, Gothel lied about the outside world being dangerous and filled with bad people who will hurt her and take advantage of her magical capabilities. Gothel often left their tower to find gifts for Rapunzel, leaving the girl alone most of the time. Once a year, the King and Queen release sky lanterns on Rapunzel's birthday, hoping for their daughter to see them and return.

On the eve of her 18th birthday, Rapunzel, who sees the lanterns each year on her birthday, asks to leave the tower and discover their source. Gothel refuses, claiming that the outside world is a dangerous place. Meanwhile, a thief named Flynn Rider takes the crown from the palace before ditching the Stabbington brothers, his comrades, while running from the palace guards. He finds Rapunzel’s tower but is knocked out by a frying pan and hidden in the closet by Rapunzel. Gothel returns, and Rapunzel tries to explain to her how she can handle herself in the “dangerous” outside world because she won her fight with Flynn, but Gothel tells Rapunzel that she’s not leaving the tower, ever. Rapunzel sends Gothel away to buy her paints and hides the crown, and convinces a reluctant Flynn to take her to see the flying lanterns for her birthday. She promises that she’ll give him the crown if he obliges. Eager to reclaim the crown, Flynn takes Rapunzel to the Snuggly Duckling, a pub filled with menacing thugs, in an effort to discourage her into returning home, but instead, the thugs are charmed by Rapunzel when she encourages them to follow their dreams. Meanwhile, Gothel, after discovering Maximus, a relentless palace horse who is determined to bring Rider to justice, near the tower, returns to the tower in fear that his rider might have found Rapunzel. She instead discovers Rapunzel missing and Flynn’s satchel, in which she decides to go after the two herself. Royal soldiers led by one of the royal army's horses, Maximus, arrive in search of Flynn. Rapunzel and Flynn escape but are then trapped in a flooding cave. Resigned to his fate, Flynn reveals his real name: Eugene Fitzherbert. Rapunzel remembers that her hair glows when she sings and uses it to provide enough light to find a way out of the cave. Eugene and Rapunzel take refuge in a forest where Gothel, now in league with the Stabbingtons, gives the crown to Rapunzel and suggests using it to test Eugene's faithfulness.

In the morning, Maximus finds the pair and tries to arrest Flynn, but Rapunzel arranges a truce in honor of her birthday. The group reaches the kingdom and enjoys the festivities, culminating in an evening cruise as the lanterns are released. There, Rapunzel gives Eugene the crown after fulfilling her dream of seeing the lanterns in person. Rapunzel and Eugene realize they have fallen in love and are about to kiss when Eugene notices the Stabbingtons on the shore. Eugene leaves Rapunzel to give them the crown as an apology, but they knock him out, tie him to a boat and attempt to capture Rapunzel, after convincing her that Eugene has left her. Gothel then stages a rescue, betraying and incapacitating the brothers, and leaves with Rapunzel as Eugene and the Stabbingtons are detained at the palace.

Back at the tower, Rapunzel recognizes the symbol of the kingdom, which she had subconsciously incorporated into her paintings over the years. Realizing that she is the long-lost princess, she confronts Gothel. As Eugene is sentenced to hang, Maximus and the Duckling thugs help him escape. Maximus then carries him back to Gothel's tower. Eugene enters by climbing Rapunzel's hair, only to find Rapunzel chained and gagged. Gothel fatally stabs Eugene and tries to force Rapunzel to leave with her, but Rapunzel agrees to submit forever willingly if she is allowed to heal Eugene. Eugene, wanting Rapunzel to be free, cuts off her hair, which causes it to turn brown and lose its magic, causing Gothel to age rapidly. She trips and falls out of the window of the tower, turning to dust even before she hits the ground.

A heartbroken Rapunzel mourns for Eugene who dies in her arms. However, her tear, which still contains the flower's power, lands on his cheek and restores his life. The two return to the kingdom and Rapunzel reunites with her parents. Overjoyed, the kingdom breaks out in celebration, and Eugene is pardoned for his crimes. Rapunzel and Eugene eventually marry.

Origins and conception

The concept of an animated film based on the Brothers Grimm fairy tale "Rapunzel" originated from Disney supervising animator Glen Keane in 1996.[12] In 2001, Keane pitched the idea to then-Disney CEO Michael Eisner who approved it, but requested the film to be computer-animated. However, Keane was hesitant as he felt computer animation was not quite as fluid or organic as traditional animation was.[13] In October 2003, the film was announced as Rapunzel Unbraided,[14][15] as a computer animated feature scheduled for a 2007 release[14][16] which Keane described as "a Shrek-like version of the film"[12] that revolved around an entirely different concept. Keane said of the original plot, "It was a fun, wonderful, witty version and we had a couple of great writers. But in my heart of hearts I believed there was something much more sincere and genuine to get out of the story, so we set it aside and went back to the roots of the original fairy tale."[17] In November 2005, Unbraided was pushed back to a summer 2009 release in order to give Keane "more time to work on the story."[18] According to Ed Catmull, at one point, Eisner himself had proposed using modern-day San Francisco as the initial setting at the start of the film and then somehow transporting the heroine into a fairy tale world, but Keane could not make that idea work.[19] The film was shut down about a week before Catmull and John Lasseter were placed in charge of the studio in January 2006, and one of their first decisions was to restart the project and ask Keane to keep going with the film.[19] It had originally been announced in April 2007 that Annie-nominated animator and story artist Dean Wellins would be co-directing the film alongside Glen Keane.[20] On October 9, 2008, it was reported that Keane and Wellins had stepped down as directors due to other commitments, and were replaced by the team of Byron Howard and Nathan Greno, director and storyboard director, respectively, of Disney's 2008 animated feature Bolt. Keane stayed on as an executive producer and animation supervisor, while Wellins moved on to developing other short and feature films.[21] After the film's release, Keane revealed that he had "stepped back" from the role of director because of a heart attack in 2008.[22]

Casting

On September 10, 2009, it was announced that actress and singer-songwriter Mandy Moore, who previously worked with Disney on Disneytoon Studios' Brother Bear 2, had been cast as the voice of Rapunzel, and actor Zachary Levi would provide the voice of Flynn Rider.[8][9][23] Mandy Moore approached the project through auditioning, when she heard that a film about the story of Rapunzel was being made.[24][25] Moore later expressed that she had dreamed to be a Disney princess since she was young and said that with the role of Rapunzel, she had fulfilled her "ultimate childhood dream".[26] She described herself as a "girly fan" of Disney animated films[26] like The Little Mermaid, Beauty and the Beast, Aladdin and The Lion King, and that it was an honor for her to be part of this "legacy"—the lineage of such Disney icons.[27] Since the film was going to be a musical, it was required that all auditionees had to read several scenes and perform a song of their choice, to ensure that the voice actors could both act and sing.[28][29] For this singing section, Moore chose "Help Me" by Joni Mitchell,[24] a song that she herself had covered on her fourth studio album, Coverage (2003).[30][31] Moore revealed that she had to attend several audition sessions[27][28] and described the experiences as "pretty fun" but didn't put much hope in getting the part because she believed there would be much competition for this role;[25] she just performed her best without any anxiety.[24] When she received a callback from Disney telling that she got the part, Moore described herself as being "over the moon": "I was working in New York at the time. I was with some friends and my husband—and I screamed as soon as I found out the news."[24]

The film reportedly cost more than $260 million to produce.[5]

Writing and character development

When asked about the character of Rapunzel, Mandy Moore said that Rapunzel was a relatable character and called her a "Renaissance, bohemian" woman[24] rather than a typical Disney princess:[32] Moore said "[Rapunzel] doesn't know she's a princess [until the end of the film]. She's just really sort of motivated to find out what else is out there beyond this crazy tower she's lived in for 18 years," and that "she's very independent, she can take care of herself, and she's definitely come up with really entertaining ways to keep herself busy."[32] Moore also stated that she herself had little influence on Rapunzel: "The character was developed way before I had anything to do with it."[24]

According to Greno, one of the most difficult problems during the development of the film's plot was how to get Rapunzel out of the tower without immediately ending the movie, in that she had thereby escaped Mother Gothel and did not have any other specific objectives to pursue.[33] At a meeting one day, animator John Ripa floated an idea which turned out to be the solution they had been looking for: the mysterious floating lanterns.[33]

Recording

In Tangled, as with most animated films, all voice actors had to record their dialogue separately from one another to avoid bleeding into each other's tracks.[34] Mandy Moore later recalled that during recording, she had never met Donna Murphy and only met Zachary Levi once when they recorded "I See the Light".[34] Moore thought that this was "a good exercise in employing your imagination".[35] When recording action scenes, the voice actors had to jog a little in place in order to make their voices sound realistic.[35] For the songs, Moore and Levi recorded on a soundstage with a 65-piece orchestra under the supervision of composer Alan Menken. They sang live with the orchestra for several times in order to help everyone "get a vibe" and a feel for the music and the singing, then were asked to go in isolation booths to record the actual tracks.[36][37] In order to aid animators in animating the characters, the filmmakers did interviews with the voice actors and filmed their facial expressions throughout the recording sessions.[35] Disney animated films are usually animated to synchronize with recorded dialogue rather than asking the vocal talent to synchronize their delivery to animation after it is rendered. Thus, Moore felt that the recording process was challenging because at that time she had no animation to look at except for a few sketches.[24]

Due to scheduling conflicts with other projects (Moore had to travel to different places such as London or New York, and Levi could only record on weekends for five hours once every six weeks), they did not necessarily record dialogue in the same order as in the final film. "[When I came in], maybe that sequence or scene had been recorded by Mandy (Moore) already, maybe it hadn't. We'd end up doing the same scene five times, depending," Levi said.[29] After watching the finished film, Moore was disappointed because she felt that her voice sounded "shrill", while Levi thought that his performance sounded "incredibly nasally".[35]

Animation

The film was made using computer-generated imagery (CGI), although Tangled was modeled on the traditional look of oil paintings on canvas. The Rococo paintings of French artist Jean-Honoré Fragonard, particularly The Swing, were used as references for the film's artistic style, a style described by Keane as "romantic and lush."[38] To create the impression of a painting, non-photorealistic rendering was used

Glen Keane originally wanted the film to be animated using a traditional 2D animation process. However, Disney executives David Stainton and Dick Cook announced that they would only approve the film for production if it were created using the 3D computer graphics.[40] In response to that demand, Glen Keane held a seminar called "The Best of Both Worlds", where he, with 50 Disney CGI artists and traditional artists, focused on the pros and cons of each style.[41] After the meeting, it was decided that the film would be made in 3D CG animation, but in a way as to become an extension of the traditional 2D Disney "aesthetic", a term which referred to the naturalistic animation that conforms to the fundamental principles of animation as documented by Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston in the book The Illusion of Life: Disney Animation.[40]

Due to limitations in computer technology, especially regarding attempts to capture the complexity of a human form, many basic principles of animation used in traditionally animated movies had been absent from earlier CGI films; but technological advancements have made it easier to blend the two, combining the strengths of each style.[39] Keane stated repeatedly he was trying to make the computer "bend its knee to the artist" instead of having the computer dictate the artistic style and look of the film.[14] By making the computer become as "pliable as the pencil", Keane's vision of a "three-dimensional drawing" seemed within reach, with the artist controlling the technology. Many of the techniques and tools that were required to give the film the quality Keane demanded did not exist when the project was started, and Walt Disney Animation Studios had to create them on their own.[38] Keane said, "There’s no photoreal hair. I want luscious hair, and we are inventing new ways of doing that. I want to bring the warmth and intuitive feel of hand-drawn to CGI."[42]

One of the main goals of the animators was to create movement that mimicked the soft fluidity of the hand-drawn art found in older Disney animated films. Keane credited Disney 3D animator Kyle Strawitz with helping to combine CGI with the traditional hand-drawn style.[39] "He took the house from Snow White and built it and painted it so it looked like a flat painting that suddenly started to move, and it had dimension and kept all of the soft, round curves of the brushstrokes of watercolor. Kyle helped us get that Fragonard look of that girl on the swing… We are using subsurface scattering and global illumination and all of the latest techniques to pull off convincing human characters and rich environments."[38]

Rather than focusing on realism, the 3D team used an aesthetic approach.[39] Robert Newman, the film’s stereoscopic supervisor said that "We’re using depth more artistically than ever before, and we’re not as concerned with the literal transcription of depth between camera and projector as we are the interpretation of it." To do this, they used a new technique called multi-rigging, which is made up of multiple pairs of virtual cameras. Each pair is used individually on each separate element that adds depth to a scene, like background, foreground, and characters, without adjusting for the relation with the other pairs. When sandwiched together later in production, the result was something that would be visually impossible in the real world, but which created an appealing look to the film.[43]

As a counterpart to the appealing and cute design of Rapunzel,[44] the directors wanted to make Flynn Rider "the most handsome, most attractive male lead Disney has ever had."[45] They held a large "Hot Man Meeting" where they gathered about 30 women from the studio and asked them what they considered attractive in a man.[46] They brought in hundreds of images of their favourite male actors and celebrities, which were torn and pasted back again.[46][47] After much deliberation, his look was eventually narrowed down to one concept drawing.[45][46]

Technology development

Existing technology continued to present difficulties: in particular, animating hair turned out to be a challenge. Senior software engineer Kelly Ward spent six years writing programs to make it move the way they wanted.[48] As late as January 2010, the directors were still not sure if the Rapunzel character's length of hair was going to work. These problems were finally solved in March:[49] An improved version of a hair simulation program named Dynamic Wires, originally developed for Bolt, was eventually used. To make hair float believably in water, and to surmount other similar challenges, discrete differential geometry was used to produce the desired effects, freeing the animators from executing these specific tasks directly, which would have taken days instead of minutes.[50]

Soundtrack

The original score for the film was composed by Alan Menken with lyrics written by Glenn Slater.[53]

Menken said he attempted to blend medieval music with 1960s folk rock to create the new songs.[54]

Several songs were written, but eventually cut from the final film; "When Will My Life Begin?" replaced an earlier version called "What More Could I Ever Need?". Menken reported that that opening number went through five or six different versions.[55]

Elsewhere, Menken reported that there was originally a love song called "You Are My Forever" that Mother Gothel sang to Rapunzel in a motherly way, but was reprised later in the film by Flynn Rider in a romantic way. This idea was apparently replaced with the two songs "Mother Knows Best" and "I See the Light".[56]

The song "Something That I Want" performed by Grace Potter from Grace Potter and the Nocturnals is featured in the closing credits. This version features some of the lyrics that were re-written and sung by Potter herself. The Latin American Spanish version of the song, titled "Algo quiero querer", was recorded by Colombian pop-singer, Fanny Lú.[57]

The soundtrack peaked at number 44 on the Billboard 200, number 7 on the Soundtrack chart, and number 3 on the Kid Albums chart

Home media

Tangled was released by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment as a four-disc combo pack on March 29, 2011. The combo pack includes a Blu-ray 3D, standard Blu-ray, DVD, and digital copy. A two-disc Blu-ray/DVD combo pack and single DVD are also available. Bonus features for the Blu-ray include deleted scenes, two alternate opening sequences, two extended songs, and an inside look at how the film was made. The DVD includes only the two Original Storybook Openings and the 50th Animated Feature Countdown.[64]

Sales of Tangled in the US and Canada exceeded $95 million in DVD and Blu-ray sales, the highest-grossing DVD of the year 2011; its home video sales exceeded the film's earnings in its first week in theaters.[65] The film sold a record 2,970,052 units (the equivalent of $44,521,079) in its first week in North America, the largest opening for a 2011 DVD. It dominated for two weeks on the DVD sales chart and sold 6,657,331 units ($102,154,692) as of July 18, 2012.[66] It has also sold 2,518,522 Blu-ray units ($59,220,275) by May 29, 2011.[67] As of January 20, 2016, the film has earned a total of $215 million in home video sales in the United States and Canada ($155 million from DVD sales and $60 million from Blu-ray sales).[66] Tangled is scheduled to be released on 4K Blu-Ray on November 5, 2019.[68]

Reception

Box office

Tangled premiered in Paris on November 17, exclusively screening at the Grand Rex theater two weeks in advance of its French wide release.[69] With over 3,800 tickets sold on its opening day, it set a new record for films showing in a single theater.[70] It had a worldwide opening weekend of $86.1 million,[71][72] and reached the summit of the worldwide box office once, on its eleventh weekend (Feb 4–6, 2011), with $24.9 million.[73][74] Tangled earned $200,821,936 in North America, and $390,973,000 in other countries, for a worldwide total of $591,794,936.[6] It was the third Disney film appearing in the Top 10 films of 2010.[75] As of 2017, it was the sixth-highest-grossing film worldwide produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios, behind Frozen, Zootopia, The Lion King, Big Hero 6, and Moana.[76]

Tangled earned $11.9 million on its opening Wednesday,[77] breaking the record for the largest pre-Thanksgiving Wednesday opening, a record previously held by Disney·Pixar's Toy Story 2.[78] In its first weekend of release, it earned $48.8 million (the highest opening for Walt Disney Animation Studios, surpassing The Lion King ($40.9 million), and later surpassed by both Wreck-It Ralph ($49 million) and Frozen ($67.4 million)), placing second for the period behind Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1, which earned $49.1 million.[79] Tangled had the sixth-highest opening weekend for a film that did not debut at #1.[80] Over the traditional Wednesday–Sunday Thanksgiving holiday period, it tallied $68.7 million, again finishing in second place.[79] Tangled also marked the second-largest 3-day and 5-day Thanksgiving opening after Toy Story 2.[79] During its second weekend (post-Thanksgiving), Tangled declined 56% to $21.6 million, although it jumped to first place at the box office.[81] With a final gross of $200.8 million, it is the tenth-highest-grossing film of 2010,[82] and the tenth 2010 film to pass the $200 million mark;[83] it was the fourth-slowest film to pass this mark.[84] Unadjusted for inflation, it is the ninth-highest-grossing film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios, behind The Lion King ($422.8 million), Frozen ($400.7 million), Zootopia ($341.3 million), Moana ($248.7 million), Big Hero 6 ($221.3 million), Beauty and the Beast ($219 million), Aladdin ($217.4 million), and Ralph Breaks the Internet ($201.1 million).[85]

On its opening weekend, it earned $17.4 million in eight territories and ranked second for the weekend behind Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 ($117.3 million).[86] It reached first place at the weekend box office outside North America three times in 2011.[87][88][89] It marked the seventh-highest-grossing 2010 film and the third-highest-grossing 2010 animated film.[90] In Russia and the CIS, it set an opening-weekend record among non-sequel animated films (first surpassed by Rio) and among Walt Disney Animation Studios films (surpassed by Frozen).[91] Its highest-grossing markets outside North America was Germany ($44.2 million), where it is the highest-grossing 2010 animated film,[92] followed by France and the Maghreb region ($39.4 million) and the UK, Ireland and Malta ($32.9 million).[93]

Critical reception

Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an approval rating of 89% based on 224 reviews and an average score of 7.49/10. The website's critical consensus is: "While far from Disney's greatest film, Tangled is a visually stunning, thoroughly entertaining addition to the studio's classic animated canon."[94] Another review aggregator, Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score based on reviews from mainstream film critics, calculated a score of 71/100 based on 34 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[95] According to CinemaScore polls conducted during the opening weekend, the average grade cinemagoers gave Tangled was an "A+" on an A+ to F scale.[96]

A. O. Scott of The New York Times positively reviewed the film as "the 50th animated feature from Disney, and its look and spirit convey a modified, updated but nonetheless sincere and unmistakable quality of old-fashioned Disneyness."[97] Time film critic Richard Corliss wrote that Tangled "wades into the DreamWorks style of sitcom gags and anachronistic sass," while praising the film for achieving "the complex mix of romance, comedy, adventure and heart that defines the best Disney features."[98] Corliss included Tangled at 19 in a list of top 25 All-time Best Animated films.[99] Kenneth Turan from the Los Angeles Times awarded the film four stars out of five; he described the film as a "gorgeous computer-animated look that features rich landscapes and characters that look fuller and more lifelike than they have in the past."[100] Sandie Angulo Chen of Common Sense Media gave the film five out of five stars, writing, "Fantastic princess adventure is fun, with great messages."[101] Gael Cooper of NBC News expressed that Tangled may be the best Disney film of all time.[102]

James Berardinelli commented on his review website ReelViews that the film is "entertaining and enjoyable, but not groundbreaking." He also stated Rapunzel is "not as memorable as Snow White, Ariel, or Belle" as well as stating "the songs are neither catchy nor memorable."[103] Todd McCarthy, film reviewer for The Hollywood Reporter opened his review with, "It would have been nice if Disney's self-touted 50th animated feature were one of its best, a film that could stand with the studio's classics, but the world will have to make do with Tangled, a passably entertaining hodgepodge of old and new animation techniques, mixed sensibilities and hedged commercial calculations."[104]

Music

The soundtrack (particularly Menken's musical score) in general was technically praised, however the songs mostly received some mixed reactions for being quite derivative to most of Menken's previous works (particularly the 1990s renaissance ones). Bill Graham from Collider praised them for their variations to the tempo and tone, memorable lyrics, and "blending old with new," However, he also stated that "the film’s constant mixture of tones can feel a bit off-putting for some."[105] Roth Cornet from ScreenRant was positive towards them, saying that "Alan Menken’s music is as catchy, uplifting and effecting as one would expect."[106] Scott of The New York Times positively reviewed the music, saying that it "takes you back to a charmed world of swoony longing and sprightly mischief," with a slick and efficient atmosphere and grace notes of self-conscious classicism.[97] Corliss from Time was also positive to the songs, noting that though "don't sound on first hearing like top-drawer Menken," the songs still "smoothly fill their functions." He described the opener, "When Will My Life Begin?," as the "heroine's 'I wanna' song," a Disney tradition that stretches back to Snow White's "Some Day My Prince Will Come." "I See the Light" was described as "a generically tuneful love ballad, which is sure to be nominated for a Best Song Oscar."[98]

James Berardinelli, on the other hand, negatively commented the songs as "neither catchy nor memorable."[103] Tim Robey from The Daily Telegraph gave a negative review, saying that they were only "OK—there’s nothing you want to whistle on the way home."[107] Peter Bradshaw from The Guardian, who gave the movie two out of five stars, described the songs as "sporting a laboured selection of Broadway-style show tunes," and hence are actually added for profit.[108]

Title change controversy

When first put into production, the film was promoted as having the title Rapunzel Unbraided, which was later changed to Rapunzel.[109] Disney's previous animated feature The Princess and the Frog in 2009, while being well-received by various critics[110] and taking in nearly $270 million worldwide was not as successful as Disney had hoped. Catmull would later admit in writing that Disney Animation's faith that The Princess and the Frog's excellent quality would bring in all audiences notwithstanding the word "princess" in the title was their version of "a stupid pill."[111] In order to market the film to both sexes and additional age groups, Disney changed the film's name from Rapunzel to Tangled while also emphasizing Flynn Rider, the film's prominent male character, showing that his story is just as important as Rapunzel's.[112] Disney was criticized for altering the title as a marketing strategy. Floyd Norman, a former Disney and Pixar animator and story artist, said, "The idea of changing the title of a classic like Rapunzel to Tangled is beyond stupid. I'm convinced they'll gain nothing from this except the public seeing Disney as desperately trying to find an audience."[113]

Justin Chang of Variety compared it to changing the title of The Little Mermaid to Beached.[114] Writing for the San Francisco Chronicle's blog, Margot Magowan accused Disney of sexism, writing:

“ Can you imagine if Disney…switched a movie title so it wouldn't risk highlighting a male star? It's awful that this kind of radical gender discrimination exists for our smallest people—little kids who come into this world with huge imaginations and aspirations, big dreams that get squashed by a bunch of billionaire guys who run massive entertainment franchises.[115] ”

On November 24, 2010, the day of the film's release, directors Nathan Greno and Byron Howard disputed reports that the title change was a marketing decision. They said they changed the title from Rapunzel to Tangled because Rapunzel is not the only main character in the film. They went on to say that you cannot call Toy Story "Buzz Lightyear," and they really needed a title that represented what the film is, and that it's a duo, and it stars Rapunzel and Flynn Rider.[116]

In March 2014, executive producer John Lasseter explained that Disney had changed the name to improve the film's appeal to the four quadrants: "There was an audience perception that these movies were just for little girls[,] but when boys, men, whatever actually see these movies[,] they like them. So on Rapunzel … we changed the name and we called it Tangled. We did marketing that made the people who would not normally show up say, 'Hey, this looks pretty good.'

كانيكا كابور

كانيكا كابور

(بالإنجليزية: Kanika Kapoor) هي مغنية بلاي باك هندية ولدت في يوم 21 أغسطس 1978 في مدينة لكهنؤ في الهند، حازت على جوائز فيلم فير

Kanika Kapoor

Kanika Kapoor

(born 21 August 1978) is an Indian singer.

She was born and raised in Lucknow, and completed her schooling from Loreto Convent Lucknow. She always aspired to pursue a career in singing, but she married businessman Raj Chandok in 1997 and moved to London, where she gave birth to three children. After getting a divorce from Raj in 2012, she relocated to Mumbai to become a singer. Kapoor's first song "Jugni Ji" (2012) was for a music video–which became a commercial success. In 2014, she began her Bollywood playback singing career with the song "Baby Doll" for the film Ragini MMS 2. Upon its release, "Baby Doll" went viral and topped the charts and Kapoor received wide critical acclaim and several accolades for her singing style, including the Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer.

Kapoor subsequently earned widespread recognition and success for singing one of the Hindi cinema's top charted songs, including "Lovely" and "Kamlee" for the film Happy New Year (2014), "Chittiyaan Kalaiyaan" for the film Roy (2015), "Desi Look" for the film Ek Paheli Leela (2015), "Nachan Farrate" for the film All Is Well (2015), "Jugni Peeke Tight Hai" for the film Kis Kisko Pyaar Karoon (2015), "Jab Chaye Tera Jadoo" for the film Main Aur Charles (2015), "Neendein Khul Jaati Hain" for the film Hate Story 3 (2015), "Premika" for the film Dilwale (2015), the later of these rank among one of the highest-grossing Bollywood film. The song "Da Da Dasse" from the film Udta Punjab (2016), earned her several Best Playback Singer awards and nominations—following which she sang the songs, "Hug Me" from Beiimaan Love (2016), "Luv Letter" from the film The Legend of Michael Mishra (2016) and "Beat Pe Booty" from the film A Flying Jatt (2016), all of which earned her further success.

Early and personal life

Kapoor was born on 21 August 1978 in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. Her father, Rajeev Kapoor check, is a businessman, and her mother, Poonam Kapoor, is a boutique owner.[1] She was born and brought up in a Khatri family from Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh[2] where she also studied music.[3][4] At the age of 12, Kapoor started to study classical music under musician Pandit Ganesh Prasad Mishra from Varanasi and was accompanied by him to classical concerts around India. Kapoor participated in many music competitions at school in her childhood. At the age of 15, she did a stint with All India Radio and also accompanied bhajan singer Anup Jalota in his shows. She did her B.A. and then Masters in music from Bhatkhande Music Institute in Lucknow. She then moved to Mumbai to pursue her music career.[5]

Kapoor married to Raj Chandok, an NRI businessman, in 1997 and moved to London with her husband, with whom she had three children. Kapoor separated from her husband in 2012 and moved back to her parents home in Lucknow.[6][7][8] The couple divorced in 2012.[2][9]

According to Kapoor, despite singing various Bollywood songs with Punjabi lyrics, she cannot speak Punjabi and thus considers herself a "UP Khatri".[10]

She tested positive for COVID-19 during the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic on 20 March 2020. She returned to India from London on 15 March, whereupon she later threw a party for her family and friends in Lucknow.[11]However, this fact was denied by her.

Career

In 2012, Kapoor released the music video "Jugni Ji", featuring Dr. Zeus. The track was the remix version of the Pakistani Sufi song "Alif Allah", originally sung by Arif Lohar and Meesha Shafi at the third season of the musical series Coke Studio Pakistan in 2010. Upon the release, "Jugni Ji" went on to become one of the biggest singles of 2012 and Kapoor earned the Brit Asia TV Music Award for Best Single.[12] By the success of "Jugni Ji", Meet Bros Anjjan asked Kapoor to sing the song "Baby Doll" for the film Ragini MMS 2 (2014), which marked her Bollywood singing debut. The song created hype over its release and topped the charts with winning Mirchi Music Awards for the "Number One Song of the Year" award.[13] Kapoor was critically praised for her singing style and went on to win several awards, including the Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer. The same year she collaborated again with Dr. Zeus along with Vishal-Shekhar for the song "Lovely" in Happy New Year which was picturised on Deepika Padukone.[14] The soundtrack of the album also includes a Punjabi remix of the song titled "Kamlee". Both the songs "Lovely" and "Kamlee" received generally positive reviews and were proved to be a major success.

That same year, she participated in a concert tour across North America, entitled "SLAM! The Tour", in which she performed alongside Shah Rukh Khan and Deepika Padukone.[16] Apart from concerts and tours, she has also been signed by an NGO for children, as their brand ambassador, where she promoted the cause of children's education.[17] She also relaunched her own fashion brand "Kanika Kapoor: House of Chikankari" to help the female artisans in Lucknow and develop this art of embroidery and textile decoration.

In the year 2015, she collaborated again with Meet Bros Anjjan for the song "Chittiyaan Kalaiyaan" in Roy, which became a huge critical and commercial success and was the playback singer for Sunny Leone in the song "Desi Look" in the movie Ek Paheli Leela.[18][19] The song was her last collaboration with Zeus and parted ways with him due to his false claim of being the producer and composer of the song "Baby Doll".[20] She collaborated third time with Meet Bros Anjjan for the song "Nachan Farrate" for the movie All Is Well. She sang "Neendein Khul Jaati Hain" for the film Hate Story 3, collaborating fourth time with Meet Bros.[21] She also sang a welcome song titled "Hello Namstey" for India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi when he attended a gathering at Wembley Stadium, London on 13 November 2015.[22]

She regularly arranges and takes part in live shows and concerts. In 2016, she paired up with various composers including Amit Trivedi, Raghav Sachar. In an interview, she said that she will now concentrate more on Sufi and classical tracks. She will also release her songs as singles.[23]

In 2016, she was made brand ambassador of Swiss Watch manufacturer 88 Rue du Rhone, an independent brand by Raymond Weil. In 2019, Kapoor was named a coach in the Star Plus show The Voice.

مافيا

مافيا

هو مصطلح يستخدم لوصف نوع من «نقابة عصابات الجريمة المنظمة» التي تمارس الحماية بالابتزاز في المقام الأول - استخدام الترهيب العنيف للتلاعب بالنشاط الاقتصادي المحلي ، وبخاصة الاتجار غير المشروع. ويمكن أن تمارس أنشطة ثانوية مثل الاتجار بالمخدرات والقروض بفوائد مرتفعة و التزوير. ترتبط عصابات بميثاق شرف، ولا سيما ميثاق الصمت (أو omertà في جنوب إيطاليا ) ، يحمي المافيا من التسللات الخارجية و تدابير إنفاذ القانون . 

في البداية التصق المصطلح بالمافيا الصقلية، ولكن التسمية ما فتئت أن شملت غيرها من الأساليب و المنظمات المماثلة، مثل " المافيا الروسية " أو " المافيا اليابانية ". وتستعمل هذا المصطلح، بشكل غير رسمي، الصحافة و الجمهور ، في حين تستعمل المنظمات الإجرامية تسميات خاصة (فمثلا تطلق المافيا الصقلية والاميركية على نفسها اسم " «كوزا نوسترا» " ، والمافيا المكسيكية تطلق على نفسها «لا ايميه» والمافيا اليابانية «ياكوزا»). وعندما تستخدم «المافيا» وحدها، فعادة ما تشير إما إلى المافيا الصقلية أو المافيا الاميركية.

المصدر اللغوي

هناك العديد من النظريات حول أصل مصطلح "المافيا" (أحيانا تهجى "Maffia" في الأدبيات المبكرة). و صفة الصقلية «mafiusu» (بالإيطالية: mafioso) قد تنبع من العامية العربية مهياص (mahyas)، تعني "التفاخر العدواني والتبجح"، أو (marfud) وتعني مرفوض. في إشارة إلى الرجل، كانت كلمة mafiusu في صقلية في القرن 19 «غامضة»، فدلت على فتوة الرجل وتكبره ولا يعرف الخوف، ودلت على المغامر والمفتخر، وفقا لباحث دييغو غامبيت (Diego Gambetta)  وعند الإشارة إلى امرأة، فإن الصفة تؤخذ تشكيلة المؤنث- "mafiusa" وتعني الجميلة والجذابة.

مصادر عربية أخرى ممكنة : Other possible origins from Arabic:

maha = quarry, cave

معافى mu'afa = safety, protection

الصاق الجمهور الكلمة بالمنظمات الاجرامية المتخفية قد يكون سببه استلهم من مسرحية سنة 1863 بعنوان '"I mafiusi di la Vicaria" ("The Mafiosi of the Vicaria") لكل من Giuseppe Rizzotto و Gaetano Mosca. تدور المسرحية حول عصابة في السجن باليرمو لها سمات مشابهة للمافيا: مدير، طقوس بدء، والحديث عن "umirtà" (omertà أو قانون الصمت) و "pizzu" (مصطلحا لابتزاز المال) لقيت المسرحية نجاحا كبيرا في جميع أنحاء إيطاليا. وبعد فترة وجيزة، بدأ استخدام مصطلح "المافيا" تظهر في تقارير الدولة الإيطالية في وقت مبكر للحديث عن هذه الظاهرة. وردت الكلمة رسميا لأول مرة في عام 1865 في تقرير لمحافظ باليرمو، Filippo Antonio Gualterio.