Karim Morani

Karim Morani

Karim Morani is an Indian film producer who has produced films like Chennai Express and Ra.One starring Shahrukh Khan.[1] Morani and his brother Aly Morani co-own Cineyug, which is a film production and event management company

Film career

Morani entered into film production in 1991 with a film called Yodha. The film was directed by Rahul Rawail and starred Sanjay Dutt, Sunny Deol and Sangeeta Bijlani in lead roles. His next film as a producer was after a gap of twelve years with the film Dum which was directed by Eeshwar Nivas and starred Vivek Oberoi and Diya Mirza. After a gap of eight years in 2011, he teamed-up with Shah Rukh Khan's production house Red Chillies Entertainment as an associate producer for the film Ra.One starring Shah Rukh Khan.[3] In 2013 he co-produced the commercially successful film Chennai Express[4] and in 2014 he was the associate producer for the film Happy New Year, both films starred Shah Rukh Khan in the lead role. In 2015 Morani co-producer the film Dilwale in association with Red Chillies Entertainment and Gauri Khan. The film was directed by Rohit Shetty and starred Shah Rukh Khan, Varun Dhawan and Kajol.[5][6]

Controversies

2G spectrum case

Morani is an alleged accused in the 2G spectrum case.[5] The Income Tax Department and the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) claim that Morani was a part of the conspiracy to illegally transfer funds to Kalaignar TV on the behest of Shahid Balwa and Vinod Goenka who are both co-accused in the 2G spectrum case. It was alleged that the promoters of DB Realty Shahid Balwa and Vinod Goenka transferred ₹2,092.5 million (US$33 million) to Kusegaon Fruits and Vegetables, in which Shahid Balwa's brother was a director. Kusegaon Fruits and Vegetables then transferred ₹2 billion (US$31 million) to Cineyug Films, and Morani then transferred it to Kalaignar TV.[7][8] Morani was charged with Criminal conspiracy to cause criminal breach of trust by a public servant, criminal conspiracy, cheating, forgery, fabrication of evidence and also booked under the Prevention of Corruption Act. Morani was arrested by the Central Bureau of Investigation on 30 May 2011[9][10] and was subsequently granted bail on 28 November 2011.[citation needed] As of August 2012, Morani is facing trial in 2G spectrum case and has to appear at a Special CBI Court in New Delhi.[citation needed]

Mumbai Underworld

On 23 August 2014 members of the Ravi Pujari gang made an attempt on the life of Morani.[11][12]

Model Rape Case

In 2017 Morani was booked by Hyderabad police for the rape of a 25-year-old Delhi-based student.[13] On 23 September 2017, Morani had to surrender to the Hyderabad police following the order by the Supreme Court refusing to give Morani anticipatory bail in the alleged rape case against him.[14][15]

Personal life

Karim Morani is married to Zara Morani and the couple have two daughters. Their older daughter Zoa Morani is an Indian film actress.[16] On 8 April he was diagnosed with Coronavirus.

Shab-e-Barat Mubarak

Shab-e-Barat Mubarak

Shab-e-barat or Barat Night, is a Muslim holiday celebrated on the 15th night, the night between 14 & 15 of the month of Sha'ban, the eighth month of the Islamic calendar. It commemorates the entry of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) into the city of Mecca.

The Arabic name "Laylat al-Barat" (Arabic: ليلة البراءة‎) means Barat Night where "البراءة" meaning in English is "the quality of being guileless",[1] "without guile or deception". On this night Allah said : ` who wants forgiveness, I will forgive you. Who wants food, I will provide food.` Allah said this over again and again until Fajr.

The festival of Shab-e-Barat is celebrated with pomp and enthusiasm by Muslims all over the world. For, Muslims believe that on the night of Shab-e-Barat, God writes the destinies of all men for the coming year by taking into account the deeds committed by them in the past.It is of hight value to Sunni Muslims[2] It is considered one of the holiest nights on the Islamic Calendar

Description

The night of mid-Sha'aban is known as Laylat al-Bara’ah or Laylat al-Nisf min Sha’ban in the Arab world, and as Shab-e-Barat (شب برات) in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Iran, Afghanistan and Nepal. These names are translated as 'the night of records', 'the night of assignment' and 'the night of deliverance'. The observance involves a festive nightlong vigil with prayers; in some regions, this is also a night when one's deceased ancestors are commemorated. Other names for the observance include Laylat al-Bara'at, "Night of Innocence"; Berat Kandili in Turkish; and Lejletul Berat in Bosnian.

Origins

Shab-e-Barat means the" Night of forgiveness or Day of Atonement.[2]

Muslims observe Mid-Sha'ban as a night of worship and salvation. Scholars including Imam Shafii, Imam Nawawi, Imam Ghazzali and Imam Suyuti have declared praying on the night of mid shaban as acceptable.[citation needed]

In his Majmu', Imam Nawawi quoted Imam al-Shafi`i's Kitab al-Umm that there are 5 nights when dua (prayer) is answered, one of them being the night of the 15th of Sha`ban.

Etymology

The 15th of Sha'ban goes by several names, depending on the country in which it is observed. Most can be categorised into two general meanings:

Mid-Sha'ban or Half of Sha'ban. Named after the day's chronological position in the eighth month of the Islamic calendar:

Nisf(u) Sha'ban (Arabic: نصف شعبان‎),

Nisfu Syaaban (Malay: نصف شعبان)

Nim Sha'ban (Persian: نيم شعبان‎)

Bara'at Night. Bara'at is an Arabic noun which is roughly translated to English as either innocence, records, assignment, deliverance or salvation.

Laylat al-Bara'at (Arabic: ليلة البراءة‎)

Berat Kandili (Turkish: Berâet Kandili)

Shab e Barat (Persian/Urdu: شبِ براة‎, Hindi: शब-ए-बरात)

Shab e Barat (Bengali: শবে বরাত)

Related Hadiths

Doubtlessly, Allah surrounds everything on the fifteenth night of Shaban with his mercy. He forgives all of His creatures except mushriks (polytheists) and those whose hearts are full of hatred or enmity of others. Allah, the Exalted, forgives all Muslims on that night except soothsayers, magicians, people who are full of hatred, alcoholics, people who harm their parents and those who insist on committing fornication. Al-Targhib wa al-Tarhib, 2:118.[4]

‘Aisha is reported to have said that Muhammad said, “This is the middle night of Sha’ban. Allah frees in it a large number of the people from the Hellfire, more than the number of the hair growing on the sheep of the tribe, Kalb. But He does not even look at a person who associates partners with Allah, or at a person who nourishes malice in his heart (against another muslim), or at a person who cuts off the ties of womb-relations, or at a man who leaves his clothes extending beyond his ankles (as a sign of pride), or at a person who disobeys his parents, or at a person who has a habit of drinking wine.” [5]

Is there no one asking forgiveness that I may forgive them? Is there no one asking sustenance that I may grant them sustenance? Is there no one under trial that I may relieve them? It goes on like that until dawn rises. Hadith: Ibn Majah, Iqama, 191.[4]

The hadith by Imam Ibn Hajr Haythmi, states, Narrated by Muadh bin Jabal (RA) from Prophet (salallahu alaihi wasalam) who said: Allah turns towards his creation in the Night of Mid-Shabaan and He forgives all of them except for a Mushrik and one who hates other people[6]. Classed as Sahih by Salafi scholar Nasiruddin Albani in his silsilah Al-Sahihah. Another hadith in Musnad Ahmed hanbal "Allah looks at His creation during the night of the 15th of Sha'ban and He forgives His servants except two- one intent on hatred (mushanin) and a murderer (qatilu nafs). Classed Hassan by Albani in his silsilah Al-Sahihah.

Hadith classed sahih by Ibn Hibban "Allah looks at His creation in the night of mid-Sha`ban and He forgives all His creation except for a mushrik (idolater) or a mushahin (one bent on hatred).[7] Also reported by Tabrani[8] and Al Bayhaqi[9]

The Prophet said: ‘On the middle night of Shaban, Allah most high descends to the lowest heaven and remits more sins than the hair of the goats of Banu Kalb.’[10]”

According to Muadh ibn Jabal, Allah’s Messenger said: “Allah Almighty looks upon all those created by Him in the middle night of Shaban and forgives all those created by Him. Excepted is the one who associates partners with Him, or the one who has malice in his heart.”

Customs in different countries

This occasion is celebrated with great reverence, pomp and gaiety all over South Asia, including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh[11], Sri Lanka, Azerbaijan and Turkey and Central Asia including Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan & Kirghistan. The Salafi Arabs do not celebrate this holiday. In the Arab world the festival is celebrated with enthusiasm by Arabs with Sufi heritage, and Shias. In Iraq, people give children candies as they walk around their neighborhoods. Sunni Muslims in Iraqi Kurdistan and Afghanistan celebrate this holiday 15 days before Ramadan. In Iran also the Laylat al Barat festival is celebrated additionally, because it is also the birth date of Imam Al Mahdi, the last Imam.[2] So Muslims in Indonesia do communal zikr in mosques followed by a lecture (ceramah) led by an ustadz or otherwise known in Java and Madura as a kyai. This tradition is rarely followed in Indonesia, but it is widely followed in Aceh, West Sumatra and South Kalimantan. In the South Asia, Muslims make sweets (especially Halwa or Zarda) to be given to the neighbors and the poor on the evening prior to the 15th of Sha’ban.[12]

Significance and traditions

According to Muslim tradition, this night is called Shab-e-Bara'at ("the night of freedom") because Allah frees His sinful servants who were destined for Hell. A person's life in the coming year, his sustenance, and whether or not they will have the opportunity to perform Hajj (pilgrimage) shall be decided on this night. The names of the souls of all those who are born and of all those who are to depart from this world are determined. One's actions are raised and sustenance sent down.

[2] According to sources it is said that on this night the Doors of Mercy and Forgiveness are opened wide, But According to sources, there is some special "Not Dos" for this night; For example, One who creates disunity among two Muslims & The person who unjustly takes away the right and property of another Muslim and has not yet rectified himself, these persons are not shown Mercy on this auspicious Night.

Modern Family

Modern Family

Modern Family is an American television mockumentary family sitcom created by Christopher Lloyd and Steven Levitan for the American Broadcasting Company. The series ran for eleven seasons, from September 23, 2009 to April 8, 2020, and follows the lives of Jay Pritchett and his family, all of whom live in suburban Los Angeles. Pritchett's family includes his second wife, their son and his stepson, as well as his two adult children and their respective husbands and children. The show addresses the changing social norms and culture throughout the 2010s.

Christopher Lloyd and Steven Levitan conceived the series while sharing stories of their own "modern families". Modern Family employs an ensemble cast. The series is presented in mockumentary style, with the characters frequently breaking the fourth wall.

The series was renewed for a 10th season on May 10, 2017,[1] which premiered on September 26, 2018.[2] The series was renewed for an eleventh and final season on February 5, 2019, which premiered on September 25, 2019.[3][4] The series finale aired on April 8, 2020.

Modern Family was acclaimed by critics throughout its first few seasons, although reception became more mixed as the series progressed. The show won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series in each of its first five years and the Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series four times, twice each for Eric Stonestreet and Ty Burrell, as well as the Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series twice for Julie Bowen. It won a total of 22 Emmy awards from 75 nominations. It also won the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Musical or Comedy in 2011. Being on air for 10 years, it is currently ABC's longest-running comedy series.

The broadcast syndication rights to the series were sold to USA Network, the stations of Fox Television Stations, and various other local stations in other markets for a fall 2013 premiere. The success of the series led to it being the tenth-highest revenue-generating show for 2012, earning $2.13 million an episode

Premise

Modern Family revolves around three different types of families (nuclear, step- and same-sex) living in the Los Angeles area, who are interrelated through Jay Pritchett and his children, daughter Claire and son Mitchell. Patriarch Jay is remarried to a much younger woman, Gloria Delgado Pritchett (née Ramirez), a passionate Colombian immigrant[6] with whom he has a young son, Fulgencio Joseph "Joe" Pritchett, and a son from Gloria's previous marriage,[7] Manuel “Manny” Delgado.

Jay's daughter Claire was a homemaker, but has returned to the business world. She is now the chief executive of her father's business, Pritchett's Closets and Blinds. She is married to Phil Dunphy, a realtor and a self-professed "cool dad". They have three children: Haley, a stereotypically ditzy teenage girl;[8] Alex, an intelligent but nerdy middle child;[9] and Luke, the offbeat only son.[10]

Jay's lawyer son Mitchell and his husband Cameron Tucker have one adopted daughter, Lily Tucker-Pritchett. As the name suggests, this family represents a modern-day family and episodes are comically based on situations that many families encounter in real life. At the end of season 11, they adopt another child, a baby boy named Rexford.

Cast and characters

Jesy Nelson

Jesy Nelson

Little Mix are a British girl group formed in 2011 during the eighth series of the British version of The X Factor. They were the first group to win the competition, and following their victory, they signed with Simon Cowell's record label Syco Music and released a cover of Damien Rice's "Cannonball" as their winner's single. The members are Jade Thirlwall, Perrie Edwards, Leigh-Anne Pinnock, and Jesy Nelson.[1]

Little Mix released their debut album DNA in 2012, which peaked inside the top 10 in ten countries including the UK and US. This made Little Mix the first girl group since the Pussycat Dolls to reach the US top five with their debut album, as well as earning the highest debut US chart position for a British girl group's first release, breaking the record previously held by the Spice Girls.[2] The group's second album Salute (2013) became their second album to debut inside the top 10 in both the UK and US.[3] Their third album Get Weird was released in 2015.[4] Their fourth album Glory Days (2016) became their first number one album in the UK, and also achieved the longest-reigning girl group number one album since the Spice Girls' debut album 20 years earlier, and the highest first week UK album sales for a girl band since 1997.[5] In the UK, the group has earned four number-one singles, including "Wings", "Black Magic" and "Shout Out to My Ex". Their fifth studio album LM5 was released in 2018 to generally favourable reviews. The group have sold 50 million records worldwide, making them one of the best-selling girl groups of all time.[6][7]

The group won Best British Single for "Shout Out to My Ex" at the 2017 Brit Awards and they won Best British Video for "Woman Like Me" at the 2019 Brit Awards; they have also received several other awards during their career, including three MTV Europe Music Awards, two Teen Choice Awards and two Glamour Awards. As of August 2018, the group has achieved four platinum certified albums and sixteen certified singles in the UK.[8] Little Mix appeared on Debrett's 2017 list of the most influential people in the UK

History

2011–2012: Formation and The X Factor

In 2011, Edwards, Thirlwall, Pinnock, and Nelson individually auditioned successfully as soloists for the eighth series of the UK version of The X Factor,[10] but failed the first challenge of the "bootcamp" section.[11] They were allowed another chance to compete when they were placed in two separate ensembles by the judges during the "group bootcamp" stage, with Edwards and Nelson in four-member group Faux Pas and Thirlwall and Pinnock in three-member group Orion.[11][12] Both groups failed to make it through to the next stage. A later decision by the judge, Kelly Rowland, recalled two members from each group to form the four-piece group Rhythmix, sending them through to the "judges' houses" section.[13]

Cobra meeting

Cobra meeting

The Cabinet Office Briefing Rooms (COBR) are meeting rooms in the Cabinet Office in London. These rooms are used for committees which co-ordinate the actions of government bodies in response to national or regional crisis, or during overseas events with major implications for the UK. It is popularly referred to as COBRA

The facility

The Cabinet Office Briefing Rooms are a group of meeting rooms in the Cabinet Office at 70 Whitehall in London, often used for different committees which co-ordinate the actions of bodies within the Government of the United Kingdom in response to instances of national or regional crisis, or during events abroad with major implications for the UK. It is popularly, but not officially referred to as COBRA,[1] even when the acronym is spelt out by officials.[2] Other meeting rooms in the Cabinet Office are not part of the COBR facility, including the old Treasury Board Room, which is labelled "Conference Room A", located in Kent's Treasury, a different part of the Cabinet Office building

A single photo of one of the rooms in COBR was released in 2010 in response to a Freedom of Information Act request.[4]

The committees

The composition of a ministerial-level meeting in COBR depends on the nature of the incident but it is usually chaired by the Prime Minister or another senior minister, with other key ministers as appropriate, city mayors and representatives of relevant external organisations such as the National Police Chiefs' Council and the Local Government Association.[5]

The first COBR meeting took place in the 1970s to oversee the government's response to the 1972 miners' strike.[6][7] Other events that have led to meetings being convened include the 1980 Iranian Embassy siege, the 2001 foot and mouth outbreak, the 11 September 2001 attacks, the 7 July 2005 London bombings, the refugee crisis in Calais,[8] the 2015 Paris attacks, the Manchester Arena bombing.[9], and the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic.

In 2009, former senior police officer Andy Hayman, who sat on a committee after the 7 July 2005 London bombings and at other intervals from 2005 to 2007, was highly critical of its workings in his book The Terrorist Hunters

Emily Maitlis

Emily Maitlis

Emily Maitlis (born 6 September 1970) is a British-Canadian journalist, documentary-maker and newsreader for the BBC. She presents BBC Two's news and current affairs programme Newsnight, and also covers elections for the BBC in UK, US and Europe.

In January 2014, she became acting political editor of Newsnight when she temporarily replaced Allegra Stratton, who took maternity leave until later that year, and in 2019 led an all-female line-up

Early life and education

Maitlis was born in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada to British Jewish parents;[2] her paternal grandmother was a Jewish refugee who fled Nazi Germany.[2] She is the daughter of Professor Peter Maitlis FRS, Emeritus Professor of Inorganic Chemistry at the University of Sheffield, and Marion Maitlis, a psychotherapist.[3][1][4]

Maitlis was brought up in Sheffield, Yorkshire, and was educated at the King Edward VII School and Queens' College, Cambridge. She speaks fluent Spanish, Italian and French, as well as some Mandarin.[5] As of 2019 she is the only Newsnight presenter not to have attended a private school.[1]

Career

Maitlis initially wanted to work as a director, prompted by her love for drama, but instead went into radio broadcasting.[1] Prior to working in news, she was a documentary maker in Cambodia and China. She worked for the NBC network and was based in Hong Kong.

She spent six years in Hong Kong with TVB News and NBC Asia, initially as a business reporter creating documentaries, and then as a presenter in Hong Kong covering the collapse of the tiger economies in 1997.[6] She also covered the transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong with Jon Snow for Channel 4.[7] She then moved to Sky News in the UK as a business correspondent, and then to BBC London News when the programme was relaunched in 2001.

During 2005, Maitlis appeared as the question-master on the game show The National Lottery: Come And Have A Go. She was a regular presenter on BBC News during 2006, joining as part of a new line-up in April to present alongside Ben Brown from 7 pm to 10 pm during the week. She also presented BBC Breakfast and from May 2006 until July 2007 presented STORYFix on BBC News, a light-hearted look at the week's news set to up-beat music.

In July 2007, Maitlis was appointed as a contributing editor to The Spectator magazine, an unpaid post. This had been approved by her immediate manager, the head of BBC Television News Peter Horrocks, but the decision was subsequently overturned by his superior, the BBC News director Helen Boaden.[8] She then went on maternity leave and was replaced at the BBC by Joanna Gosling. On her return, she began presenting on Mondays from 2 pm – 5pm alongside Jon Sopel until 2013.

In 2012, Maitlis presented the US 2012 election coverage on BBC One and the BBC News Channel alongside David Dimbleby, when incumbent US President Barack Obama and Mitt Romney were fighting for the presidency of the US. In 2016, she began presenting a news discussion programme called This Week's World on BBC Two, late afternoon on Saturdays.

Maitlis is one of the main presenters of Newsnight on BBC Two, alongside Kirsty Wark. After each show, before bed, she answers emails from viewers and in April 2019 published a book Airhead: The Imperfect Art of Making News, describing how television news is produced.[1][9] She is also a relief shift presenter on the BBC News channel, including the BBC News at Five, and occasionally presents the BBC News at One which is also broadcast on BBC One.

In November 2019, Maitlis interviewed the Duke of York, Prince Andrew about his relationship with American sex offender Jeffrey Epstein who died in August whilst awaiting trial on sex-trafficking charges. The interview was broadcast on the BBC's Newsnight programme on 16 November 2019.[10] As a consequence of the disastrous fallout from this programme, Prince Andrew was obliged by the Queen to resign from Royal duties and from public life.

In February 2020, her interview with Prince Andrew won Interview of the Year and Scoop of the Year awards at the 2020 RTS Television Journalism Awards.[11]

Controversies

In a Newsnight discussion concerning Brexit on 15th July 2019[12] it was alleged that Maitlis had been “sneering and bullying” towards columnist Rod Liddle. Maitlis accused Liddle's columns of containing “consistent casual racism week after week”, asking Liddle if he would describe himself as a racist. An investigation by the BBC Executive Complaints Unit upheld the complaints against her, agreeing that she been "persistent and personal” in her criticism of Liddle thus "leaving her open to the charge that she had failed to be even-handed" in the discussion between Brexit-supporting Liddle and his anti-Brexit opponent Tom Baldwin. The successful complainant suggested that the broadcast exemplified the way the BBC views Leave voters, whilst Douglas Murray described the segment as "more of a drive-by shooting than an interview".[13][14][15]

Personal life

Maitlis is married to investment manager Mark Gwynne whom she met while working in Hong Kong.[1] The couple have two children, Milo and Max.[1][16][17] Maitlis is a keen runner[1] and a WellChild Celebrity Ambassador.[18]

She presented the 2019 World Jewish Relief’s annual dinner at Guildhall, London.[19]

During an interview on The Jonathan Ross Show, Maitlis revealed that she had proposed to her husband while on holiday in Mauritius in 2000.[20]

An interview in The Guardian reads: "the family are Jewish, although Maitlis has said she herself is "not very practising".[1]

Stalker

During 2002, it was reported that Maitlis had been stalked for over a decade by a former platonic friend from her time at university, Edward Vines. Vines would appear at her place of work. He admitted harassing Maitlis and was sentenced to four months' imprisonment, but released because of the time he had spent on remand. A restraining order was imposed.[21]

In September 2016, the same man was sentenced to three years' imprisonment for breach of the restraining order in respect of Maitlis.[22] In January 2018, Vines was jailed for 3 years and 9 months for breaching a restraining order forbidding him to contact Maitlis.[23] He admitted two charges of breaching the restraining order by sending two letters to Maitlis and emails and letters to her mother in 2015.[24][25] In September 2019, while a prisoner at HMP Ranby, he pleaded not guilty to breaching an order restraining him from contacting her by writing a letter with the intention it be passed to her.[26] That case led to him being sentenced, in February 2020, to a further three years imprisonment.[27]

In a BBC Radio 5 Live interview, Maitlis likened the long-term harassment to having a chronic illness.[28]

Awards

Maitlis won Broadcast Journalist of the Year at the 2017 London Press Club Awards[29] and the Network Presenter of the Year award at the RTS Television Journalism Awards in 2019 and 2020

Maundy Thursday

Maundy Thursday

Maundy Thursday (also known as Holy Thursday, Covenant Thursday, Great and Holy Thursday, Sheer Thursday, and Thursday of Mysteries, among other names) is the Christian holy day falling on the Thursday before Easter. It commemorates the Washing of the Feet (Maundy) and Last Supper of Jesus Christ with the Apostles, as described in the canonical gospels.[1]

It is the fifth day of Holy Week, preceded by Holy Wednesday (Spy Wednesday) and followed by Good Friday.[2] "Maundy" comes from the Latin word mandatum, or commandment, reflecting Jesus' words "I give you a new commandment."[3] The day comes always between March 19 and April 22, inclusive, and will vary according to whether the Gregorian calendar or the Julian calendar is used. Eastern churches generally use the Julian system.

Maundy Thursday initiates the Easter Triduum, the period which commemorates the passion, death, and resurrection of Jesus; this period includes Good Friday and Holy Saturday, and ends on the evening of Easter.[1][4] The Mass of the Lord's Supper or service of worship is normally celebrated in the evening, when Friday begins according to Jewish tradition, as the Last Supper was held on the feast of Passover, according to the three Synoptic Gospels

Use of the names "Maundy Thursday", "Holy Thursday", and others is not evenly distributed. The generally accepted name for the day varies according to geographical area and religious affiliation. Thus, although in England "Maundy Thursday" is the normal term, the term is less commonly used in Ireland, Scotland or Canada. People may use one term in a religious context and another in the context of the civil calendar of the country in which they live.

The Book of Common Prayer of the Church of England, which is the mother Church of the Anglican Communion, uses the name "Maundy Thursday" for this observance.[6] The corresponding publication of the US Episcopal Church, which is another province of the Anglican Communion, also refers to the Thursday before Easter as "Maundy Thursday".[7] Throughout the Anglican Communion, the term "Holy Thursday" is a synonym for Ascension Day.[6][8][9]

As of 2017, the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church uses the name "Holy Thursday" in its official English-language liturgical books.[10] The personal ordinariates in the Catholic Church, which have an Anglican patrimony, retain the traditional English term "Maundy Thursday", however.[11] An article in the 1911 Catholic Encyclopedia used the term "Maundy Thursday",[12] and some Catholic writers use the same term either primarily,[13] or alternatively.[14] The Latin books use the name Feria quinta in Cœna Domini ("Thursday of the Supper of the Lord").

The Methodist Book of Worship for Church and Home (1965) uses the term "Maundy Thursday";[15] the Book of Worship (1992) uses the term "Holy Thursday",[16] and other official sources of the United Methodist Church use both "Maundy Thursday"[17][18] and "Holy Thursday".[19][20]

Both names are used by other Christian denominations as well, including the Lutheran Church[21][22][23] or portions of the Reformed Church.[24][25][26] The Presbyterian Church uses the term "Maundy Thursday" to refer to the holy day in its official sources.[26][27]

In the Eastern Orthodox Church, the name for the holy day is, in the Byzantine Rite, "Great and Holy Thursday"[28] or "Holy Thursday",[29][30] and in Western Rite Orthodoxy "Maundy Thursday",[31][32] "Holy Thursday"[33] or both.[34] The Coptic Orthodox Church uses the term "Covenant Thursday" or "Thursday of the Covenant".[35][36][37][38][39]

In the Maronite Church[40] and the Syriac Orthodox Church,[41] the name is "Thursday of Mysteries".

"Maundy Thursday" is the official name of the day in the civil legislation of England[42] and the Philippines.[43]

The day has also been known in English as Shere Thursday (also spelled Sheer Thursday), from the word shere (meaning "clean" or "bright").[44] This name might refer to the act of cleaning, or to the fact that churches would switch liturgical colors from the dark tones of Lent, or because it was customary to shear the beard on that day,[45] or for a combination of reasons.[46] This name has cognates throughout Scandinavia, such as Danish Skærtorsdag, Swedish Skärtorsdag, Norwegian Skjærtorsdag, Faroese Skírhósdagur and Skírisdagur, and Icelandic Skírdagur.

Derivation of the name "Maundy

Maundy is the name of the Christian rite of footwashing,[47] which traditionally occurs during Maundy Thursday church services.[47] Most scholars

 agree that the English word maundy in that name for the day is derived through Middle English and Old French mandé, from the Latin mandatum (also the origin of the English word "mandate"), the first word of the phrase "Mandatum novum do vobis ut diligatis invicem sicut dilexi vos" ("A new commandment I give unto you: That you love one another, as I have loved you, that you also love one another.") This statement by Jesus in the Gospel of John 13:34 by which Jesus explained to the Apostles the significance of his action of washing their feet. The phrase is used as the antiphon sung in the Roman Rite during the Maundy (Ecclesiastical Latin: "Mandatum") ceremony of the washing of the feet, which may be held during Mass or as a separate event, during which a priest or bishop (representing Christ) ceremonially washes the feet of others, typically 12 persons chosen as a cross-section of the community. In 2016, it was announced that the Roman Missal had been revised to allow women to participate as part of the 12 in the Mandatum; previously, only males partook of the rite.[48]

Others theorize that the English name "Maundy Thursday" arose from "maundsor baskets" or "maundy purses" of alms which the king of England distributed to certain poor at Whitehall before attending Mass on that day. Thus, "maund" is connected to the Latin mendicare, and French mendier, to beg.[49][50] A source from the Shepherd of the Springs, Lutheran Church likewise states that, if the name was derived from the Latin mandatum, we would call the day Mandy Thursday, or Mandate Thursday, or even Mandatum Thursday; and that the term "Maundy" comes in fact from the Latin mendicare, Old French mendier, and English maund, which as a verb means to beg and as a noun refers to a small basket held out by maunders as they maunded.[51] Other sources reject this etymology