الجمعة، 17 أبريل 2020

Shriya Saran

Shriya Saran

Shriya Saran Bhatnagar (pronounced [ʂrɪjaː sərən] (born 11 September 1982),[4] also known as Shriya, is an Indian actress and model known for her work in South Indian cinema, Bollywood and American cinema. Saran was born in Dehradun and spent most of her childhood in Haridwar. In 2001, her dance master gave her the opportunity to appear in Renoo Nathan's debut music video "Thirakti Kyun Hawa", which brought Saran to the attention of many Indian filmmakers. Although Saran aspired to become a well-known dancer, she was offered a leading role. Thus, Saran made her film debut in 2001 with the Telugu film Ishtam, and had her first commercial success with Santhosham (2002).

She subsequently appeared in several more Telugu films while making in-roads in the Hindi and Tamil industries. In 2007, Saran starred in Sivaji, the highest-grossing Tamil film at that time. She also gained critical acclaim for her role in the 2007 Bollywood film Awarapan. In 2008, Saran played the lead role in her first English film, the American-Indian co-production The Other End of the Line. Her following projects included popular films such as Kanthaswamy (2009) in Tamil and Pokkiri Raja (2010) in Malayalam — roles that established her as one of the leading actresses in the South Indian film industries.[5] In 2012, she was cast in the British–Canadian film Midnight's Children, under the direction of Deepa Mehta, based on Salman Rushdie's Booker Prize-winning novel of the same name, for which she received international critical acclaim. She achieved further commercial success by starring in films such as Pavitra (2013) and Chandra (2013). In 2014, Saran starred in the critically acclaimed Telugu film Manam, which brought her accolades for her performance.

In addition to her work in films, Saran has been the brand ambassador for brands across India, endorsing beauty and health products. Among other philanthropic activities, she has volunteered for charity organizations. In 2011 she opened a spa employing exclusively visually challenged people. She was also the brand ambassador for Celebrity Cricket League for its two first seasons.
Early life and background
Shriya Saran Bhatnagar was born on 11 September 1982[4][6] in Haridwar[7] in Northern India, to Pushpendra Saran Bhatnagar and Neeraja Saran Bhatnagar.[5][6] Her father worked for Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited and her mother was a chemistry teacher in Delhi Public School, Ranipur in Haridwar and Delhi Public School, Mathura Road, New Delhi.[6] Saran completed her schooling from both schools where her mother had taught.[8] She has an elder brother named Abhiroop who lives in Mumbai.[9]

Her family lived in the small town of BHEL colony in Haridwar when she was growing up.[10] She later studied at Lady Shri Ram College in Delhi[6] and received a Bachelor of Arts degree in literature.[6][9]

Saran is an accomplished dancer. She was first trained as a child by her mother in Kathak and Rajasthani folk dance, and later trained in the Kathak style by Shovana Narayan.[11] She was involved with many dance teams in college and with her teacher. They would incorporate social issues into their dance routines.[8]

Career
Early career (2001–03)
While in her sophomore year at the LSR College in Delhi, Saran got her first opportunity to appear in front of the camera for a video shoot. Following her dance teacher's recommendation, she was invited to appear in the music video of Renoo Nathan's "Thirakti Kyun Hawa".[5] Shot in Banaras, the video was seen by Ramoji Films who offered her the lead role of Neha in their film Ishtam.[5] Saran accepted the part and, even before it was released she was signed to four more films,[5] including Nuvve Nuvve, in which she played a millionaire's daughter who falls for a middle-class man. In 2002, she starred in Santosham, co-starring Nagarjuna, Prabhu Deva and Gracy Singh, which was her first commercial success.[12] The film took the Nandi Award for Best Feature Film and Filmfare Best Film Award (Telugu). Saran played a woman who lets someone she loves go with another, but wins him back later in life. For her performance, she earned a nomination for the CineMAA Award for Best Actor- Female, giving her a good foothold in the Telugu industry in the early part of her career.

In 2003, Saran acted in a supporting role in her first Hindi film, Tujhe Meri Kasam, starring debutants Ritesh Deshmukh and Genelia D'Souza in leading roles. She also performed the lead female role in several Telugu films including Tagore, which was screened at the International Indian Film Academy Awards, and was a commercial success.[13] She followed it with her Tamil film debut in Enakku 20 Unakku 18, alongside Tarun and Trisha Krishnan,[14] which was simultaneously shot in Telugu as Nee Manasu Naaku Telusu, in which she played a football coach. Though she acted in films in three languages that year, eight of the first ten films of her career were in Telugu.

Career fluctuations (2004–07)
In 2004, Saran acted in two Telugu and two Hindi films, including Nenunnanu, where she played a student in classical singing. She had ten 2005 releases, nine of which were Telugu films, the most notable for her being Chatrapathi. There she appeared opposite Prabhas and earned her first nomination for the Filmfare Best Telugu Actress Award. A reviewer for Moviebuzz said that as an action film, Saran's character of the lead's love interest was not well developed and that she was there primarily for the songs.[15] Meanwhile, she tried to make her comeback in Tamil with Mazhai, a remake of the Telugu film Varsham. Neither the movie nor her performance were received well.[16] Also in 2005, she appeared as one of only three characters in the film Mogudu Pellam O Dongodu, which was about a married couple's first night together, and made a guest appearance in a children's film called Bommalata, which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu. Saran's only lead role in 2006, excluding three special appearances, was in the Tamil film Thiruvilayadal Arambam.

In 2007, she was chosen to play the lead female role opposite Rajinikanth in S. Shankar's Sivaji: The Boss,[17] which was the most expensive Indian film at that time.[18][19] R.G. Vijayasarathy wrote in his review for Rediff that, aside from her beauty, Saran "proves that she can act too".[20] Her performance earned her a South Scope Style Award for Best Tamil Actress, her first award win, and a nomination at the Vijay Awards.[21] The role made her a star in the south Indian film industry.[22] During this phase of her career, she made several special appearances in item numbers, including in the films Devadasu, Munna, and Tulasi.

Also in 2007, Saran made her comeback in Hindi cinema with Awarapan, which was a joint production between India and Pakistan. She played a Muslim woman and had to learn Urdu.[23] This was her fourth Hindi film, but the others had failed to make any impact.[24] Sanjay Ram, writing for Business of Cinema, gave the film 2.5 of 5 stars and said that Saran provided a brief, compelling performance.[25] Saran later said that the film strengthened her conviction that all religions are equal.[24] Later that year she appeared in one more Tamil film, Azhagiya Tamil Magan, opposite Vijay. Though critics exalted her looks, her performance received mixed reviews, with one reviewer, Nandhu Sundharam of Rediff, going so far as to say that her "acting is as bad as her looks are good".[26] That same year Saran made a special appearance in a scene in the Kannada film Arasu. She appeared in six films in 2007 in four languages.

American cinema debut (2008–12)
In 2008, Saran made her American cinema debut in Ashok Amritraj's The Other End of the Line.[27] She played the role of Priya Sethi, who works as a telephone operator in an Indian call centre, while acting alongside Jesse Metcalfe,[28] Anupam Kher and Tara Sharma. Shriya's performance was praised by critics, particularly her on-screen chemistry with Jesse Metcalfe.[29] John Anderson, writing for Variety magazine, said it was "a winning Stateside debut for beautiful Indian actress Shriya Saran."[30]

Saran acted in the Hindi film Mission Istaanbul with Zayed Khan, and Shabbir Ahluwalia in 2008. She played the character of Anjali Sagar which was inspired by the character of Romila Dutta played by Preity Zinta in the film Lakshya,[31] a journalist who desires to have a child with her husband, which leads to their separation, since he is reluctant. Bollywood Hungama critics said that her character was wasted, as again she gets very little screen time.[32] However, she did pick up the Stardust Exciting New Face Award.[33]

Her most important 2009 release was the commercially successful[34] Tamil film Kanthaswamy, alongside Vikram. She earned a nomination at the Vijay Awards. Vikram said in an interview that her role was on par with his, and she easily stole the show on most occasions.[35] Of her character in the film, Saran said that it was the best she has done so far.[34] Also that year she appeared as the female lead in Thoranai. A reviewer said that her glamour and the songs were the only high points of the film.[36] For Thoranai and Kanthaswamy together, she received her third award win, the Amrita Mathrubhumi Award for Best Actress.[37] She then appeared in another English film, Cooking with Stella, which is a comedy that takes a look at the serious nature of relationships between servants and employers. It was selected for the Toronto International Film Festival, which Saran attended
In 2010, Saran made her Malayalam debut with Pokkiri Raja, in which she appeared opposite Mammootty and Prithviraj.[39] The film broke the record in Malayalam cinema for opening week gross income,[40] though it was not received well critically. It was said of Saran that all she had to do was look pretty.[41] She then enacted her first lead role in a Telugu film after five years, in the commercially successful action-comedy Don Seenu opposite Ravi Teja, where she plays the sister of a mobster. In the opinion of some critics, she stole the show with her dances and romantic scenes.[42]

The year 2010 was her second busiest after 2005, having appeared in eight films, this time in four languages.

In 2011, Saran appeared in Rowthiram, where she worked with Tamil actor Jiiva for the first time.[43] The film received fairly low reviews. Although some reviews said that Saran was not given much opportunity to show her acting skills, mainly just adding a romantic touch to a mostly violent film,[44][45] she was referred to by another as the pivot around which the film revolves.[46] Her performance earned her Best Actress Award at the International Tamil Film Awards.[47] Her only other film in 2011 was a special appearance in a song for the Tamil film Rajapattai.[48]

Saran's first release of 2012 was her second Malayalam project, Casanovva, co-starring Mohanlal and directed by Rosshan Andrrews. The movie was delayed many times, and it was rumored that Saran would leave the project,[49] but in October 2010, the producer of the film announced that shooting would commence in Dubai with Shriya Saran among the cast.[50] It was released on 26 January. Her next release was in Gali Gali Mein Chor Hai, from director Rumy Jafry, which began shooting in September 2011,[51] and released on 3 February.[52][53] She then was seen in the critically average comedic Telugu film Nuvva Nena, with actors Allari Naresh and Sharwanand,[54] followed by Sekhar Kammula's much delayed Life is Beautiful.[55]

Saran has starred in Deepa Mehta's long delayed English project Midnight's Children,[56] which is based on Salman Rushdie's highly acclaimed novel of the same name.[57] It was filmed under the working title of Winds of Change. It was screened at several film festivals in late 2012 in Canada[58] and finally made its general release in India on 1 February 2013.[59]

2013–present
In early 2013, Saran appeared in an item number in the film Zila Ghaziabad. This was her first item number in a Hindi film.[60] On 7 June, Saran's Pavitra was released, in which she played a prostitute.[61] At a press conference in Hyderabad, she said that the film is very special for her, and that she was touched by the sensitivity that director/writer Janardhana Maharshi gave to the topic.[62] According to a review from The Times of India, the most cinematic part of the film is a sensual number "Sukumara Ra Ra..." in which the camera shows in the curves of the main character. He summed up the review saying: "Besides Shriya Saran's curves there is nothing in this movie that's worth watching per se."[63] Her bi-lingual film Chandra, directed by Roopa Iyer, was simultaneously made in Kannada and Tamil languages. She played the role of a princess in the film opposite Kannada actor Prem Kumar.[64] The film released in Kannada on 27 June 2013, and in Tamil on 14 February 2014. It became a moderate success at the Kannada box office. The film marked Saran's return to Tamil cinema after more than five years.[65]

Saran's first film of 2014, released May 23, was the Telugu family drama Manam,[66] which was a success in India and America. Saran's first film of 2015 was Gopala Gopala, a remake of the Bollywood blockbuster Oh, My God, released in the January festive season. She will next appear in director Karan Bhutani's Hindi film Valmiki Ki Bandook, which is currently under production.[67] She appeared opposite Ajay Devgan in Drishyam, a remake of the Malayalam film of the same name, which turned out to be a box office success.[68] In mid-January 2016, she made a special appearance in Nagarjuna's Oopiri, while also signing for her next Hindi film Tadka, opposite Nana Patekar.[69] In May 2016, she was selected as a female lead in Balakrishna's 100th film Gautamiputra Satakarni.[70][71]

Other works
In 2003, Saran hosted the 50th Filmfare South Award with actor R. Madhavan.[72] She was a part of Tamil director Mani Ratnam's stage show, Netru, Indru, Naalai, an event which sought to raise funds for "The Banyan", a voluntary organisation which rehabilitates homeless women with mental illness in Chennai.[73] She was one of the guests alongside actor Surya Sivakumar at the season 3 finale of TV dance show Maanada Mayilada.[74]

Saran was the first actress, and the third celebrity after Shah Rukh Khan and Aamir Khan to deliver a lecture to students at the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad (IIM-A) on 12 February 2010.[75] She said that "The Indian media and entertainment industry is the fastest growing sector at present, so considering this IIM Ahmedabad had started a new program CFI – Contemporary Film Industry – A Business Perspective. I was there to give a lecture to 2nd year students of CFI and did a lot of research for the lecture for nearly five days." She held a lecture on the marketing and branding of a film.[76] In 2011, she gave a lecture to students at the Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT) Madras on the history of films, and films as a medium of cultural exchange.[77]
Endorsements
Saran started her modelling career by acting in a Pond's Creams advertisement. She then did a Coca-Cola advertisement alongside Tamil actor Vijay, which was directed by prominent director Rajiv Menon. She also starred in a Fair & Lovely creams advertisement during her early career.[78] Shriya Saran is also appointed as brand ambassador for Pantene Shampoo.[79] In 2007, she became the brand ambassador of Saravana Stores.[80] She is now the brand ambassador of the Lux[81][82] and Head & Shoulders.[83] Saran was also signed as brand ambassador along with actor Saif Ali Khan for Brooke Bond Taj Mahal Tea.[84] Saran says no to soft drinks advertisements because she feels that soft drinks may harm children's health.[85] In 2011, Saran was appointed as the promotional model for McVitie's by United Biscuits along with actress Bipasha Basu.[86] In 2013, Saran was appointed as brand ambassador for Colgate Active Salt Healthy White toothpaste, along with Bollywood actress Kareena Kapoor.[87] In 2014, she was signed as brand ambassador for Karnataka Milk Federation(KMF).[88]

In 2007, Saran launched the first issue of Galatta Cinema and has been featured on its cover many times. In 2008, she was featured in, and appeared on the cover of the June issue of Maxim India. Editor Anup Kutty said: "We had been thinking of getting someone who bridges this strange divide we have between the North, South and the West ... Shreya fit the bill perfectly."[89] She has appeared on various other magazine covers over the years, including Jade and South Scope. In 2012, she again did a photo shoot for Maxim India.[90][91]

CCL (Celebrity Cricket League)
On the sports front, Saran is brand ambassador of Celebrity Cricket League (CCL),[92] a concept that mixes two passions in India, film and cricket.[93] In April 2010, she danced with Shah Rukh Khan at the fourth season opening ceremony of the Indian Premier League (IPL), another cricket league.[94]

Personal life
Saran has always been very reluctant to talk about her private life, and usually denied that reported linkups are romantic in nature.[95] On 12 March 2018, she married her Russian boyfriend Andrei Koscheev at her Lokhandwala residence.[96]
Saran is well known for her charity work. She describes herself as someone used to "sharing time and resources with the underprivileged since childhood." She says that "celebrities can show the way by sensitising people to social issues, campaigning for causes or being part of fund-raisers." Her family has always encouraged her to think of the needy.[97]

Saran is a brand ambassador for the Naandi Foundation,[98] and for the Save A Child's Heart Foundation (SACH), which works for the benefit of poor children and people affected by natural calamities. She helps finance a Prevention of Aids foundation. In 2009, Saran joined with other eminent personalities to promote 'The Joy of Giving Week', to encourage people from all walks of life to engage in acts of giving.[99] She regularly participates in carnivals and campaigns that associate with children benefits. She is associated with animal welfare and the Blue Cross of India.[100] She is also associated with an NGO called World Vision that finds parents for deprived kids, and works for Apollo's RDF to raise funds for underprivileged children.[23]

In 2011, she opened a Spa which exclusively employs the visually challenged. It is called Shree Spa, and is located in Mumbai.[101] Saran has said "When I studied in DPS Mathura Road in Delhi, there was a school for blind exactly opposite to our school. I used to go there every week and spend time seeing how these students played cricket and did other things normally. That is what inspired me to do something for these people".[102] In an interview to TOI, the actress said: "We feel sympathetic towards them, but we never employ them. We are scared because we have not grown up with them. While these people might be visually impaired, their other senses are very strong. So they can effectively give foot and back massages and treatments like reflexology. It's important to understand that you are not doing a favour on them but they are doing a favour on you".[103]

On working in regional film industries in India she has stated: "I don’t consider Kollywood or Bollywood as separate entities. For me, there's only a single category, the Indian film industry, which is extremely rich owing to its diverse genres and languages."[22] She is fluent in Hindi, English, and can understand Telugu and Tamil well.[53] On 19 January 2013, she quit Twitter due to derogatory comments from her followers.[104] However, she rejoined Twitter with a new account on 27 January 2015

Nikhil Kumaraswamy

Nikhil Kumaraswamy

Nikhil Kumarswamy is an Indian actor and Politician.[4] He has acted in the Kannada and Telugu film industries. He made his acting debut with the Kannada-Telugu bilingual film Jaguar (2016)
Personal life
Nikhil Kumarswamy is the son of former Karnataka Chief Minister H. D. Kumaraswamy[6] and grandson of former India Prime Minister H. D. Deve Gowda.[4][5]

Feb 10, 2020 it became public that Nikhil got engaged to Revathi, the grand-niece of Congress leader and realtor M Krishnappa at Taj West End, Bengaluru.[7][8] The wedding is set to take place on April 17, 2020[9] near Janapada Loka in Ramanagara[10].

Political career
Nikhil ran in the 2019 Indian general election in Karnataka (Lok Sabha) from Mandya district as a Janata Dal (Secular) candidate[11]. Mandya was considered a safe bastion for the Congress-JDS alliance as historically Indian National Congress was the most successful party, followed by Janata Dal (Secular) to contest in the district [12][13][14]. He lost in the elections to Sumalatha wife of late Shri. Ambareesh by a margin of 128,876 votes

Gerry Cinnamon The Bonny

Gerry Cinnamon  The Bonny

The Bonny is the second studio album by the Scottish singer-songwriter and acoustic guitarist Gerry Cinnamon. It was released on 17 April 2020 by Little Runaway Records.[1] The album includes the singles "Canter", "Sun Queen", "Dark Days", "The Bonny" and "Where We're Going".
Background
In March 2020, Gerry Cinnamon announced that he was releasing his new album The Bonny on 17 April. Despite the potential lack of shops to sell physical music due to the coronavirus pandemic, Cinnamon is determined to give people the new album. He said, "It’s probably not smart to release during a lockdown when the shops are closed and everyone’s isolating but no chance I’m letting folk down. Never gave a f**k about numbers anyway not gny start now."[2]

Promotion
Singles
"Canter" was released as the lead single from the album on 22 June 2019. The song peaked at number one on the Scottish Singles Chart. "Sun Queen" was released as the second single from the album on 11 October 2019. The song peaked at number two on the Scottish Singles Chart. "Dark Days" was released as the third single from the album on 1 November 2019. The song peaked at number eleven on the Scottish Singles Chart. "The Bonny" was released as the fourth single from the album on 29 November 2019. The song peaked at number six on the Scottish Singles Chart. "Where We're Going" was released as the fifth single from the album on 21 February 2020. The song peaked at number four on the Scottish Singles Chart.

جسر وستمنستر

جسر وستمنستر

جسر ويستمنستر طريق للمركبات والمشاة يمتد فوق نهر التيمز في لندن. ويربط ويستمنستر في الطرف الشمالي بلامبيث في الطرف الجنوبي.

الجسر مطلي باللون الأخضر على غرار المقاعد الجلدية في مجلس العموم الذي يقع بجوار قصر ويستمنستر بالقرب من الجسر. بالمقابل، فإنّ جسر لامبيث مطلي باللون الأحمر على غرار مقاعد مجلس اللوردات الذي يقع مقابل مبنى البرلمان. .

أجريت أعمال صيانة على الجسر في المدة بين 2005-2007، تضمنت استبدال الواجهات الحديدية وإعادة طلاء الجسر كاملاً. يربط الجسر بين قصر ويستمنستر على الضفة الغربية للنهر مع قاعة مقاطعة لندن وعين لندن في الشرق، وقد مثل نقطة النهاية في ماراثون لندن في سنواته الأولى.

يأتي بعده باتجاه مصب النهر جسر هانغرفورد أما قبله باتجاه المنبع فيقع جسر لامبيث. أدرج جسر ويستمنستر بين المباني المهمة من الدرجة الثانية في عام 1981.

تاريخ الجسر:

ظل أقرب جسر إلى جسر لندن يقع في كينغستون لأكثر من 600 سنة. تم اقتراح بناء جسر في ويستمنستر في عام 1664، لكن الاقتراح قوبل بمعارضة من قبل مؤسسة لندن والعاملين في المراكب على النهر. بالرغم من استمرار المعارضة في عام 1722، وبعد بناء جسر خشب جديد في بوتني في عام 1729، حاز المشروع على موافقة البرلمان في عام 1736. بني جسر ويستمنستر بين عامي 1739-1750 بتمويل من رؤوس الأموال الخاصة واليانصيب والمنح النقدية وبإشراف المهندس السويسري تشارلز لابيلي.

استجاب مجلس مدينة لندن لجسر ويستمنستر عبر إزالة المباني على جسر لندن وتوسيعه في المدة بين عامي 1760-1763. كما باشر مجلس المدينة العمل على جسر بلاكفريارز، الذي افتتح في عام 1769. من الجسور الأخرى التي شيدت في ذلك الوقت: جسر كيو (1759) وجسر باترسي (1773)، وجسر ريتشموند (1777).

كان الجسر ضرورياً لتسهيل حركة المرور من منطقة وست اند باتجاه ضاحية جنوب لندن الناشئة فضلاً عن موانئ الساحل الجنوبي. في غياب الجسر، كان سيتعين على حركة المرور من وست إند المرور عبر الطرق المزدحمة باتجاه جسر لندن مثل شارع ستراند وشارع نيو أكسفورد ستريت. كما تم تحسين الطرق الواقعة جنوب النهر، بما في ذلك تقاطع إلفانت أند كاسل والقلعة في ساوثوورك.

بحلول منتصف القرن التاسع عشر كان الجسر ينحسر بصورة سيئة وأصبحت صيانته مكلفة للغاية. تم تصميم الجسر الحالي على يد المهندس توماس بايج وافتتح في 24 أيار/مايو 1862. يمتد الجسر المصنوع من الحديد المطاوع بطول 820 قدماً (250 م) وعرض 85 قدماً (26 م)، ويرتفع فوق سبعة أقواس صممت على الطراز القوطي من قبل تشارلز باري (المهندس الذي صمم قصر ويستمنستر). ويعد أقدم جسر طرقي عبر نهر التيمز في وسط لندن.

في 22 مارس 2017، كان الجسر مسرحاً لحادث إرهابي، إذ قاد رجل سيارة هيونداي رمادية على الرصيف ودهس عدداً من المارة قبل أن يتجه إلى أبواب قصر ويستمنستر ومن ثم يطعن ضابط شرطة هناك حيث أرداه قتيلاً. أسفر الحادث عن مقتل خمسة أشخاص، بمن فيهم الجاني، وإصابة أكثر من 40 شخصاً آخرين بجراح.

Westminster Bridge

Westminster Bridge

Westminster Bridge is a road-and-foot-traffic bridge over the River Thames in London, linking Westminster on the west side and Lambeth on the east side.

The bridge is painted predominantly green, the same colour as the leather seats in the House of Commons which is on the side of the Palace of Westminster nearest to the bridge, but a natural shade similar to verdigris. This is in contrast to Lambeth Bridge, which is red, the same colour as the seats in the House of Lords and is on the opposite side of the Houses of Parliament.[2]

In 2005–2007, it underwent a complete refurbishment, including replacing the iron fascias and repainting the whole bridge. It links the Palace of Westminster on the west side of the river with County Hall and the London Eye on the east and was the finishing point during the early years of the London Marathon.

The next bridge downstream is the Hungerford footbridge and upstream is Lambeth Bridge. Westminster Bridge was designated a Grade II* listed structure in 1981
History
For over 600 years (at least 1129–1729), the nearest Thames bridge to London Bridge was at Kingston. From late Tudor times congestion in trading hours at London Bridge (for road goods and carriages from Kent, Essex, much of Surrey, Middlesex and beyond) often amounted to more than an hour.[4] A bridge at Westminster was proposed in 1664, but opposed by the Corporation of London and the watermen. Further opposition held sway in 1722. However an intervening bridge (albeit in timber) was built at Putney in 1729 and the scheme received parliamentary approval in 1736. Financed by private capital, lotteries and grants, Westminster Bridge was built between 1739–1750, under the supervision of the Swiss engineer Charles Labelye.[5] The bridge opened on 18 November 1750.[6]

The City of London responded to Westminster Bridge and the population growth by removing the buildings on London Bridge and widening it in 1760–63. With Putney Bridge, the bridge paved the way for four others within three decades: Blackfriars Bridge (1769, built by the City), Kew Bridge (1759), Battersea Bridge (1773), and Richmond Bridge (1777) by which date roads and vehicles were improved and fewer regular goods transported by water.

The bridge assisted the expanding West End to the developing South London as well as goods and carriages from the more estuarine counties and the East Sussex and Kentish ports. Without the bridge, traffic to and from the greater West End would have to negotiate streets often as congested as London Bridge, principally the Strand/Fleet Street and New Oxford Street/Holborn. Roads on both sides of the river were also built and improved, including Charing Cross Road and around the Elephant & Castle in Southwark.

By the mid-19th century the bridge was subsiding badly and expensive to maintain. The current bridge was designed by Thomas Page and opened on 24 May 1862.[7] With a length of 820 feet (250 m) and a width of 85 feet (26 m),[8] it is a seven-arch, cast-iron[9] bridge with Gothic detailing by Charles Barry (the architect of the Palace of Westminster). Since the removal of Rennie's New London Bridge in 1967 it is the oldest road structure which crosses the Thames in central London.

On 22 March 2017, a terrorist attack started on the bridge and continued into Bridge Street and Old Palace Yard. Five people – three pedestrians, one police officer, and the attacker – died as a result of the incident. A colleague of the officer (who was stationed nearby) was armed and shot the attacker. More than 50 people were injured. An investigation is ongoing by the Metropolitan Police

Chesney Hawkes

Chesney Hawkes

Chesney Lee Hawkes (born 22 September 1971) is an English pop singer, songwriter, and occasional actor. He started his career at the age of 19, when he appeared in the film Buddy's Song, which featured his best known single "The One and Only", which topped the UK Singles Chart for five weeks and reached the Top 10 in the United States. Two years later, Hawkes released "What's Wrong With This Picture?", which reached number 63. He collaborated with Adam Schlesinger of Fountains of Wayne for the single "Stay Away Baby Jane", which reached number 74. He released his single "Another Fine Mess" in 2005, to more success, as it reached number 48. Hawkes also appeared in the musical Can't Smile Without You, as the role of Tony Lowiman.

Aside from music, he also appeared on Channel 4's The Games in 2005, winning a Bronze Medal. Hawkes appeared on the shows Hit Me Baby One More Time, Let's Dance For Comic Relief, and Sing If You Can.
Life and career
Hawkes was born in Windsor, Berkshire. He was named after the singer and comedian Chesney Allen. His father is the singer Len 'Chip' Hawkes, formerly with the 1960s band The Tremeloes.[1] His mother is former actress/game-show hostess Carol Dilworth, who appeared in an episode of the 1960s version of Randall and Hopkirk called "For The Girl Who Has Everything", as well as the 1969 horror film The Haunted House of Horror. Keely Hawkes, his sister, was the lead singer of 1990s band Transister, and is currently a songwriter based in Los Angeles. He attended Charters School in Sunningdale.

Hawkes's career began at 19, when he appeared as the title character in the film Buddy's Song. In March 1991, he released his biggest single "The One and Only" from the film's soundtrack, on which his younger brother, Jodie, was the drummer. Written by Nik Kershaw, the song was later featured in the opening credits of Doc Hollywood (1991), starring Michael J. Fox; in the 2009 movie Moon, as the song Sam Rockwell wakes up to every morning; and again in the 2011 film Source Code (also directed by Moon director Duncan Jones) as the mobile phone ringtone of Michelle Monaghan's character. The single spent five weeks at No. 1 in the UK Singles Chart. He has released eight singles including "I'm a Man Not a Boy" and "Another Fine Mess".

In 1993, his single "What's Wrong With This Picture?" reached number 63 in the UK, and his 2002 collaboration with Adam Schlesinger of Fountains of Wayne, "Stay Away Baby Jane", reached number 74 in the UK Singles Chart.[2]

Hawkes returned to the media's attention with his involvement in Channel 4's The Games in March 2005, in which he won a Bronze Medal. He also took part in the ITV programme Hit Me Baby One More Time in April that year. He released a single called "Another Fine Mess" in May 2005, it reached number 48; it was his biggest-selling single for over a decade.[2] The following album of the same title featured fifteen songs written by Hawkes.[3]

Hawkes was involved in a project called the Lexus Symphony Orchestra, a corporate promotion designed to showcase the quality of Lexus' in-car audio systems. Hawkes composed two original pieces of music performed by the London Symphony Orchestra for these events held at Castle Howard and Crystal Palace, in August 2007.
Hawkes appeared in a musical, Can't Smile Without You (featuring songs of Barry Manilow). In the show, Hawkes plays the part of Tony Lowiman who falls in love with a girl called Mandy when he visits New York. Things take a turn for the worse when Tony is brutally attacked one night outside a club. The musical includes over 40 Barry Manilow songs. National tour started at the Liverpool Empire Theatre on 15 September 2008, prior to performances in the West End.[4]

Hawkes appeared briefly in a cherry picker on Celebrity Big Brother (shown on 8 January 2009) on Channel 4. "The One and Only" was used as a cue to have contestants worship at a Chesney Hawkes shrine.

In January 2011, Hawkes performed at the live finale of Louie Spence's Showbusiness.[5]

During February and March 2011, he took part in the BBC series Let's Dance For Comic Relief.[6] He now performs a mixture of his own material and covers at University Freshers week. In May that year, Hawkes took part in the ITV series Sing If You Can.[7] In September, he appeared as Joseph in Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat. On 24 December 2011, he appeared on the ITV programme Text Santa with Ant & Dec.

Hawkes was due to take part on ITV's skating programme Dancing on Ice in 2012 but after fracturing his ankle, he had to pull out. He was replaced by Chico Slimani. In May, he played at Lakefest festival.[8] In December, he appeared as an accident-prone version of himself in the ITV comedy drama Panto!.

In 2015, Hawkes competed in Celebrity MasterChef on BBC One. He was eliminated in the first of the semi-finals of the show.[citation needed]

Personal life
Entrepreneur Duncan Bannatyne is a fan, and Hawkes performed as a surprise at his birthday party.[9]

Hawkes lives in Chertsey[10] with his American wife Kristina and their three children.

Norman Hunter

Norman Hunter

Norman Hunter (29 October 1943 – 17 April 2020)[2][3] was an English footballer who played for Leeds United, Bristol City, Barnsley and England. He was part of the 1966 FIFA World Cup winning squad, receiving a winner's medal in 2007.[4] He was the first winner of the PFA Players' Player of the Year award in 1974, and was included in the Football League 100 Legends. A tough tackling centre-half and defensive midfielder, he was nicknamed "Bites Yer Legs" Hunter. The nickname originated from a banner held up by Leeds United fans at the 1972 FA Cup Final against Arsenal; the banner read "Norman bites yer legs".[5] He played 726 games in total for Leeds, scoring 21 goals
Playing career
Leeds United
Hunter was born in Eighton Banks, Gateshead, in 1943 and joined Leeds at the age of 15,[7] giving up a career as an electrical fitter to do so.[8] He made his first-team debut against Swansea Town in September 1962,[8] forming a partnership at the back with Jack Charlton which lasted for a decade.[9] Leeds were promoted to the First Division in 1964,[10] and Hunter picked up winner's medals as Leeds won the League Cup, the Fairs Cup in 1968 and 1971, and the League Championship in 1969.[11][12] He was a consistent performer, playing 50 or more games for nine seasons in a row[9] and playing all 42 league games in five separate seasons.[13][14]

In 1972, Leeds won the FA Cup via a goal from Allan Clarke.[15] A famous photograph of Hunter's celebration when the goal went in has been published many times.[13][16] At the end of the game, Hunter climbed the steps to the Royal box twice; once to collect his own medal, and then again to help Mick Jones negotiate his way up and down, as Jones had been receiving treatment for a dislocated elbow while his teammates had been getting their prizes.[17]

1973 saw defeats in two finals, as Leeds lost in the FA Cup Final to Sunderland, and then a few days later, to A.C. Milan in the European Cup Winners' Cup, a game overshadowed by rumours of match-fixing.[15][18] Hunter was sent off in the latter match for retaliation.[9]

In the 1973–74 season, Leeds started the season with a 29-match unbeaten run, which led them to the title, giving Hunter his second League winners medal.[11][19] At the end of that season, Hunter was the first winner of the PFA Players' Player of the Year award.[12][9] As title holders Leeds thus entered the European Cup the following season, and Hunter was a member of the team that reached the 1975 European Cup Final, only to lose 2–0 to Bayern Munich.[20] [21]

Bristol City
After 540 Football League appearances[22] and 726 in total for Leeds, Hunter signed for Bristol City on 28 October 1976 for £40,000, and remained there for three years, making 108 league appearances (122 in total) and scoring four goals.[23]

Barnsley
Hunter finished his playing career with three seasons from 1979 to 1982 at Barnsley, where he was also manager from 1980 to 1984.[24]

Managerial career
Hunter was appointed Barnsley manager on 16 September 1980 after ex-Leeds player Allan Clarke left to take over as manager at Leeds United. That season, Hunter took Barnsley to second place in the Third Division and won promotion to Division Two.[24] After a few good seasons, Barnsley started to struggle and Hunter was sacked on 8 February 1984.[24] He had further managerial spells at Rotherham United (1985 to 1987) and at Bradford City from 1989 to 1990 until retirement.[22]

International career
Hunter played three games for England under-23 before given his debut for the England team in 1965 by manager Alf Ramsey. On 8 December 1965, England played Spain in Madrid. Hunter came on in his first game, as a 35th minute substitute for Joe Baker. The substitution of Hunter in a midfield position allowed Ramsey to deploy both Bobby Charlton and Alan Ball in more attacking roles as England won 2–0.[25][26] The existing partnership between Jack Charlton and Bobby Moore meant that he spent much of his international career as an understudy, winning 28 caps in total.[27][6] He was in the squad which won the 1966 World Cup but did not play any games.[22][24]

Hunter scored the winning goal against Spain in England's quarter-final qualifying round for the 1968 European Championships, he then started in both the 1–0 semi final defeat to Yugoslavia and the 2–0 victory over the Soviet Union in the bronze medal match.[28][29] He spent a short part of the 1970 season injured but he was in Alf Ramsey's squad for the summer's World Cup in Mexico, however his only appearance in the tournament was coming on as a late substitute in the 3–2 defeat by West Germany.[30]

In 1973, Hunter was in the England team which needed to win their last qualifying tie for the 1974 World Cup in West Germany. The opposition at Wembley were Poland, who just needed a draw to qualify at England's expense. It was 0–0 when Hunter went to make a tackle, but instead trod on the ball and lost it. Poland quickly made a counterattack allowing Grzegorz Lato to run clear and set up Jan Domarski to score.[31][32] Allan Clarke equalised with a penalty but England could not score again, and the 1–1 draw saw them miss out on a place at the World Cup.[33]

Post-playing and managerial career
Hunter turned to the after-dinner circuit recounting his anecdotes, and from 1993 to 2020 he worked for local station BBC Radio Leeds and Yorkshire Radio as a summariser at Leeds games.[34]

In 1998, the Football League, as part of its centenary season celebrations, included Hunter on its list of 100 League Legends.[35]

Hunter released his autobiography, Biting Talk, in 2004.[36]

In the 1966 World Cup final only the 11 players on the pitch at the end of the 4–2 win over West Germany received medals. Following a Football Association-led campaign to persuade FIFA to award medals to all the squad members, Hunter was presented with his winner's medal by Gordon Brown at a ceremony at 10 Downing Street on 10 June 2009.[37]

Hunter retained close links with Leeds United and its fans, and regularly appeared at Leeds matches and figured at club-hosted conferences and events; the eponymous "Norman Hunter Suite" is located in the West Stand at Elland Road.[38][8]

Personal life
Hunter married Susan in 1968,[31] and the couple had two children, Michael and Clare.[34][39]

Death
On 10 April 2020, it was reported that Hunter was being treated in hospital after testing positive for COVID-19.[6][40] On 16 April he was described as being "severely unwell".[41] The following day, Leeds United announced that, as a result of the virus, Hunter had died.[42][40] Leeds United said in a statement "He leaves a huge hole in the Leeds United family [and] his legacy will never be forgotten

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