أنتيفا

أنتيفا

أنتيفا (بالإنجليزية: Antifa)‏ هي حركة محتجين يسارية مسلحة مناهضة للفاشية تبرز أثناء الصراعات السياسية سواء في الإنترنت أو في الأماكن العامة، ويقومون باستخدام وسائل عنف كثيرة سواء تدمير الممتلكات والضرب والتحرش بمعارضيهم من الذين يصفونهم بالعنصريين والفاشيين أو يمينيين متطرفين. هؤلاء المحتجين أيضاً معارضون للرأسمالية ويعتنق أغلبهم الأفكار الشيوعية والاشتراكية واللاسلطوية مع بعض الأفكار الليبرالية. ويتميزون بلبس اللون الأسود وبإخفاء وجوههم كملثمين. إزداد نفوذهم واحتجاجاتهم بعد إعلان دونالد ترامب ترشحه للرئاسة الأمريكية وثم فوزه بمنصب الرئاسة، إقترح دونالد ترامب مؤخراً تصنيفهم كجماعة إرهابية

عندما نجح الدكتاتور الإيطالي بينيتو موسوليني في توحيد السلطة في ظل حزبه الوطني الفاشي في منتصف عشرينيات القرن العشرين، ظهرت حركة معادية للفاشية في إيطاليا وبلدان مثل الولايات المتحدة. كان العديد من الزعماء المناهضين للفاشية في الولايات المتحدة من النقابيين، واللاسلطويين، والاشتراكيين المهاجرين من إيطاليا من ذوي الخبرة في تنظيم العمل والنضال القتالي. من الناحية الإيديولوجية، تعتبر حركة أنتيفا نفسها خليفة النشطاء المناهضين للنازية في ثلاثينيات القرن العشرين، فقد عادت الجماعات الناشطة الأوروبية، والتي نُظمت في الأساس لمعارضة الدكتاتوريات الفاشية في أثناء الحرب العالمية الثانية، إلى الظهور في سبعينيات القرن العشرين وثمانينياته، من أجل معارضة سيادة البيض وحركة حليقي الرؤوس، ثم انتشرت في نهاية المطاف إلى أميركا. بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية، وقبل نشوء حركة أنتيفا المناهضة للفاشية، تواصلت بين الحين والآخر المواجهات العنيفة مع العناصر الفاشية.

من الممكن إرجاع سياسات حركة أنتيفا الحديثة إلى معارضة اختراق حليقي رؤوس القوة البيضاء لفرق البانك روك البريطانية في سبعينيات وثمانينيات القرن العشرين، وإلى ظهور النازية الجديدة في ألمانيا في أعقاب سقوط جدار برلين. في ألمانيا، جدد اليساريون الشباب، بمن فيهم الأناركيون وأنصار فرقة البانك، ممارسة مناهضة الفاشية على مستوى الشوارع. يكتب الكاتب بيتر بينارت أنه «في أواخر ثمانينات القرن العشرين، بدأ أنصار فرقة البانك اليساريون في الولايات المتحدة يحذون حذوهم، على الرغم من أنهم أطلقوا على جماعاتهم اسم حركة مناهضة العنصرية (إيه آر إيه) بناء على نظرية مفادها أن الأمريكيين أكثر دراية بمكافحة العنصرية من مكافحة الفاشية».

وصف مارك براي، مؤرخ بكلية دارتموث ومؤلف كتاب أنتيفا: دليل مناهضة الفاشية، حركة مناهضة العنصرية (إيه آر إيه) باعتبارها سلفًا لجماعة أنتيفا الأمريكية الحديثة في الولايات المتحدة وكندا. في أواخر ثمانينات وتسعينيات القرن العشرين، قام نشطاء حركة مناهضة العنصرية (إيه آر إيه) بجولات مع فرق البانك وحليقي الرأس الشعبية من أجل منع أنصار كو كلوكس كلان والنازيين الجدد وغيرهم من أنصار سيادة العرق الأبيض من الحشد والتجنيد. كان شعارهم «نذهب حيث يذهبون»، وهو ما يعني أنهم سوف يواجهون نشطاء اليمين المتطرف في حفلات موسيقية ويزيلون موادهم وأغراضهم بنشاط من الأماكن العامة. في سنة 2002، عطلت حركة مناهضة العنصرية (إيه آر إيه) خطابًا في بنسلفانيا ألقاه ماثيو إف. هيل، رئيس مجموعة كنيسة الخالق العالمية لسيادة العرق الأبيض، ما أدى إلى حدوث شجار واعتقال خمسة وعشرين شخصًا. كانت أنتيفا روز سيتي، التي تشكّلت في بورتلاند، أوريغون، سنة 2007، إحدى أقدم جماعات أنتيفا في الولايات المتحدة.

توجد مجموعات أنتيفا أخرى في الولايات المتحدة لها أصول أخرى، على سبيل المثال في مدينة منيابولس بولاية مينيسوتا، حيث تشكلت مجموعة تُدعى بالديز في عام 1987 بقصد محاربة جماعات النازيين الجدد على نحو مباشر.

Santa Monica

Santa Monica

Santa Monica (Spanish: Santa Mónica; Spanish for 'Saint Monica') is a beachfront city in western Los Angeles County, California, United States. Situated on Santa Monica Bay, it is bordered on three sides by different neighborhoods of the city of Los Angeles: Pacific Palisades to the north, Brentwood on the northeast, West Los Angeles on the east, Mar Vista on the southeast, and Venice on the south. The 2010 U.S. Census population was 89,736. Due in part to a favorable climate, Santa Monica became a famed resort town by the early 20th century. The city has experienced a boom since the late 1980s through the revitalization of its downtown core, significant job growth and increased tourism. Popular tourists sites include the Santa Monica Pier and Pacific Park

References

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Monica,_California

جون جونز

جون جونز

جوناثان دوايت جونز (ولد في 19 يوليو 1987) مقاتل أمريكي في اتحاد الفنون القتالية المختلطة، وبطل الوزن خفيف الثقيل ثلاث مرات من بطولة القتال النهائي (UFC)، ويحتل حاليًا صدارة تصنيف الـUFC لأفضل المقاتلين في جميع الأوزان

المراجع

https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B2

TD Ameritrade

TD Ameritrade

TD Ameritrade is a broker that offers an electronic trading platform for the trade of financial assets including common stocks, preferred stocks, futures contracts, exchange-traded funds, options, cryptocurrency, mutual funds, and fixed income investments. It also provided margin lending, and cash management services.

The company was based in Omaha, Nebraska with major trading centers in Southlake, Texas and St Louis, Missouri.

On November 25, 2019, it was announced that Charles Schwab Corporation plans to acquire TD Ameritrade for $26 billion in an all-stock deal

As of March 31, 2020, TD Ameritrade had more than 12 million client accounts and client assets of approximately $1.2 trillion. In fiscal 2020 second quarter, the company executed an average of 2.1 million daily average revenue trades per day.

In fiscal 2019, the company derived 33.3% of its revenues from commissions and fees including payment for order flow, 28.5% of its revenues from the company's bank deposit account program, 25.5% of revenues from interest, 9.7% from investment product fees, and 3% from other sources.
References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TD_Ameritrade

Jon Jones

Jon Jones

Jonathan Dwight Jones(born July 19, 1987) is an American professional mixed martial artist who is signed with the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). Widely regarded as one of the greatest mixed martial artists, he is the current and two-time undisputed UFC Light Heavyweight Champion. He has been champion since December 29, 2018, and previously held the title from March 20, 2011, to April 28, 2015. Jones also held the interim UFC Light Heavyweight Championship. As of August 19, 2019, he is #1 in the UFC men's pound-for-pound rankings.

At age 23, with his victory over Maurício Rua in 2011, Jones became the youngest champion since the UFC instituted weight classes. He holds many UFC records in the light heavyweight division, including the most title defenses, most wins, longest win streak, and most submission victories. During much of his championship reign, Jones has been widely considered to be the best pound-for-pound fighter in the world. Never stopped nor outscored during his career, Jones's only professional loss is a controversial disqualification against Matt Hamill, a result that Hamill and UFC President Dana White dispute.

Between 2015 and 2017, Jones was involved in several controversies and lost his title three times as a result of disciplinary action. He was first stripped of his title and removed from the official rankings by the UFC in 2015 after he was arrested on felony hit-and-run charges. His subsequent returns to the UFC in 2016 and 2017 saw him emerge victorious in title bouts against Ovince Saint Preux and Daniel Cormier, but were both cut short by Jones testing positive for banned substances and receiving further suspensions, with the latter reversed to a 'no contest'. After his 2017 suspension was lifted, Jones reclaimed the championship in 2018 by defeating Alexander Gustafsson and successfully defended it in his three following fights.

Jones was born on July 19, 1987 in Rochester, New York. His father Arthur is a pastor at Mount Sinai Church of God in Christ in Binghamton, New York. Arthur discouraged Jon's fighting career, "I wanted him to preach. I tried to discourage him from being a fighter. I told him you don't want to do that. You can do other things. Be a pastor." Jon's mother, Camille, died in 2017 at the age of 55, after a long battle with diabetes.

Jon was one of four children. His older brother, Arthur, is a former American football defensive lineman who played for the Baltimore Ravens, Indianapolis Colts and Washington Redskins, while his younger brother, Chandler, is an outside linebacker for the Arizona Cardinals. His older sister, Carmen, died of a brain tumor before her eighteenth birthday

References

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Jones

Boston riots

Boston riots

The Boston Bread Riot was the last of a series of three riots by the poor of Boston, Massachusetts, between 1710 and 1713, in response to food shortages and high bread prices. The riot ended with minimal casualties.

In the early 18th century, the city of Boston had very little arable land, and most grain had to be imported from surrounding areas or from abroad. It was common practice for the larger local grain merchants to hoard grain to drive up local prices, and to sell local grain in more lucrative foreign markets such as Europe or the sugar plantations of the West Indies. On top of this, Queen Anne's War (1702–1713) interfered with foreign trade. By 1709, Boston was experiencing a serious food shortage and skyrocketing bread prices.

The hardest hit were the working poor. Since they did not own land, and were therefore not allowed to vote, governmental indifference to their needs left violence as the only effective recourse. A percentage of the poor began an uprising against the government.

In April 1710, a group of men broke the rudder of a cargo ship belonging to merchant Andrew Belcher, to stop its cargo of wheat from being shipped away and sold abroad. The next day, about 50 men attempted to force the ship's captain ashore, intending to loot the ship of its grain. They were arrested, but popular support for their cause resulted in them being released without charges.

In October 1711, a fire in Boston left over 100 families homeless, leading to a second riot.

In May 1713, a mob of more than 200 rioted on Boston Common, protesting high bread prices. As well as attacking Belcher's ships, the mob "broke into his warehouses looking for corn, and shot the lieutenant governor when he tried to interfere.

References

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Bread_riot

CNBC

CNBC

CNBC is an American pay television business news channel that is owned by NBCUniversal Worldwide News Group, a division of NBCUniversal, with both being ultimately owned by Comcast. Headquartered in Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, the network primarily carries business day coverage of U.S. and international financial markets; following the end of the business day and on non-trading days, CNBC primarily carries financial and business-themed documentaries and reality shows.

CNBC was originally established on April 17, 1989 as a joint venture between NBC and Cablevision as the Consumer News and Business Channel. Two years later, in 1991, the network acquired its main competitor, the Financial News Network, a move which expanded both its distribution and its workforce. Cablevision subsequently sold its stake to NBC, giving NBC sole ownership. As of February 2015, CNBC is available to approximately 93,623,000 pay television households (80.4% of households with television) in the United States. In 2007, the network was ranked as the 19th most valuable cable channel in the United States, worth roughly $4 billion.

In addition to the domestic U.S. feed, various localized versions of CNBC also operate, serving different regions and countries. NBCUniversal is the owner, or a minority stakeholder, in many of these versions

References

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNBC