السبت، 13 يونيو 2020

The Eyes of Texas

The Eyes of Texas

"The Eyes of Texas" is the school spirit song of the University of Texas at El Paso and the University of Texas at Austin. It is set to the tune of "I've Been Working on the Railroad." Students, faculty, staff, and alumni of the University sing the song at Longhorn sports games, before the fireworks and other events.
John Sinclair wrote the Texas-specific song lyrics in 1903 to the tune of the original folk song, "I've Been Working on the Railroad," that was published nine years earlier in 1894. Sinclair was the editor of the Cactus yearbook and a UT band member, and he wrote the lyrics per the request of band member Lewis Johnson. Johnson was also the program director of the Varsity Minstrel Show that raised funds for the university track team. He debuted the song at the minstrel show, also known as a blackface performance.  

The lyrics are said to be intended to poke fun at University President Colonel Prather. Prather had attended Washington College, now Washington and Lee University, whose president, Robert E. Lee, would frequently tell his students, "the eyes of the South are upon you." Prather was known for including in his speeches a similar admonition, "The eyes of Texas are upon you," meaning that the state of Texas was watching and expecting the students to go out and do great things. Prather enjoyed the song and promoted its usage. He died not long thereafter, and the song was played at his funeral.

The song is sung at momentous occasions such as graduation and even solemn occasions such as funerals. Led by the Longhorn Marching Band, it was sung at the July 14, 2007 funeral of First Lady Lady Bird (Claudia Taylor) Johnson, an alumna of the University of Texas.  When singing the song, participants generally raise their right arm with their hand making the Hook 'em Horns symbol of The University.  A recording of "The Eyes of Texas" was played over the Rose Bowl public-address system when the Dallas Cowboys defeated the Buffalo Bills to win Super Bowl XXVII, while Madison Square Garden organist Ray Castoldi played it when the Houston Rockets defeated the New York Knicks in the seventh game of the 1994 NBA Finals to clinch Texas' first NBA championship.

Highway rest stops through the state feature road signs stating that "The Eyes of Texas are upon You!" These signs feature a silhouette of a Texas Ranger, encouraging motorists to call 9-1-1 to report criminal activity.

The Eyes of Texas is also the alma mater song of the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP). At the time, UTEP was called Texas College of Mines and Metallurgy (TCM). It was adopted in 1920 by the student body after UT (Austin) had declared it their school anthem. UTEP is the second oldest academic component of the U.T. System, having been founded in 1914.

The Eyes of Texas is also sung at the graduation of University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB). UTMB is the first, but not the only state medical school. [2]

The song originally appeared in the "Carmina Princetonia: The Princeton Song Book" as "Levee Song." It combines both the "Eyes of Texas" and "Texas Fight.
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Music video

Music video

A music video is a short film that integrates a song with imagery, and is produced for promotional or artistic purposes.  Modern music videos are primarily made and used as a marketing device intended to promote the sale of music recordings. There are also cases where songs are used in tie-in marketing campaigns that allow them to become more than just a song. Tie-ins and merchandising can be used for toys or for food or other products.

Although the origins of the music video date back to musical short films that first appeared in the 1920s, they again came into prominence in the 1980s when the channel MTV (originally "Music Television") based its format around the medium. Prior to the 1980s, these kinds of videos were described by various terms including "illustrated song", "filmed insert", "promotional (promo) film", "promotional clip", "promotional video", "song video", "song clip" or "film clip".

Music videos use a wide range of styles and contemporary video-making techniques, including animation, live action, documentary, and non-narrative approaches such as abstract film. Some music videos combine different styles with music, such as animation and live-action. Combining these styles and techniques has become more popular because of the variety for the audience. Many music videos interpret images and scenes from the song's lyrics, while others take a more thematic approach. Other music videos may not have any concept, being merely a filmed version of the song's live concert performance.
In 1894, sheet music publishers Edward B. Marks and Joe Stern hired electrician George Thomas and various performers to promote sales of their song "The Little Lost Child".  Using a magic lantern, Thomas projected a series of still images on a screen simultaneous to live performances. This would become a popular form of entertainment known as the illustrated song, the first step toward music video
Reference

Transparent

Transparent

Transparent is an American comedy-drama web television series created by Jill Soloway for Amazon Studios that debuted on February 6, 2014.  The story revolves around a Los Angeles family and their lives following the discovery that their parent (Jeffrey Tambor) is a trans woman named Maura.  Transparent's first season premiered in full on September 26, 2014, and its second season on December 11, 2015,  third season on September 23, 2016, and fourth season on September 21, 2017.  
Amazon picked up the series for a fourth season ahead of the premiere of the third.  The fourth season premiered on September 22, 2017. Shortly before the premiere, Amazon renewed the series for a fifth and final season, which ultimately took the form of a feature-length finale with the subtitle "Musicale Finale", which was released on September 27, 2019. 

At the 72nd Golden Globe Awards, the show won the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Musical or Comedy, while Jeffrey Tambor won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Television Series – Musical or Comedy and the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series. This is the first show produced by Amazon Studios to win a major award and the first show produced by a streaming media service to win a Golden Globe for Best Series.[16]

The series began airing on Sundance TV starting August 9, 2017. 
On November 19, 2017, Tambor hinted that he was leaving the show, announcing: "I don't see how I can return to Transparent", after two sexual harassment allegations were made against him. He was officially fired from Transparent on February 15, 2018
Jeffrey Tambor as Maura Pfefferman (Seasons 1–4), a retired college professor of political science at UCLA who finally opens up to her family about always identifying as a woman.
Amy Landecker as Sarah Pfefferman, the oldest sibling. She is married and has two children. She leaves her husband for Tammy, a woman she fell in love with in college. She is initially the most accepting of Maura's transition. Kelsey Reinhardt portrays Sarah as a teenager.
Jay Duplass as Josh Pfefferman, the middle sibling. A successful music producer who has troubled relationships with women. He seems to have a hard time accepting his father's transition at first. Dalton Rich portrays Josh as a teenager.
Gaby Hoffmann as Ali Pfefferman, the youngest sibling. She is perpetually unemployed and has a tendency to be immature for her age. Hoffmann also plays Maura's mother Rose in flashbacks. Emily Robinson portrays the younger version of both characters. In the series finale, Ali has come out as non-binary and changed their name to Ari.
Judith Light as Shelly Pfefferman, Maura's ex-wife and the mother of Sarah, Josh, and Ali. She has been aware of Maura's desire to express her inner femininity for years.
Kathryn Hahn as Rabbi Raquel Fein (recurring Seasons 1–2, main cast Season 3, 5), Josh's ex-fiancée and rabbi at the Pfeffermans' synagogue.
Reference

Education

Education

Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits. Educational methods include teaching, training, storytelling, discussion and directed research. Education frequently takes place under the guidance of educators, however learners can also educate themselves. Education can take place in formal or informal settings and any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts may be considered educational. The methodology of teaching is called pedagogy.

Formal education is commonly divided formally into such stages as preschool or kindergarten, primary school, secondary school and then college, university, or apprenticeship.

A right to education has been recognized by some governments and the United Nations.  In most regions, education is compulsory up to a certain age. There is a movement for education reform, and in particular for evidence-based education.
Etymologically, the word "education" is derived from the Latin word ēducātiō ("A breeding, a bringing up, a rearing") from ēducō ("I educate, I train") which is related to the homonym ēdūcō ("I lead forth, I take out; I raise up, I erect") from ē- ("from, out of") and dūcō ("I lead, I conduct")
Reference
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education

Nidhi Razdan

Nidhi Razdan

Nidhi Razdan (born 11 April 1977) is an Indian journalist and television personality. She was the executive editor of NDTV and the primary anchor of NDTV 24x7 news show Left, Right & Centre. The program is normally broadcast live from a New Delhi studio every evening and covers debates and discussions on and beyond breaking news stories and headlines. She also anchored the weekly show, The Big Fight, which pits those on opposite sides of an issue against each other in a debate.

Since the start of her career in 1999, Razdan has covered a variety of news events and hosted a series of shows, often reporting live from the news scene. She has reported extensively on a wide range of key political, economic, and social stories from the Indian subcontinent, covering the Indian politics and foreign affairs closely, including the India-US nuclear deal, general elections, several state elections, all major news developments and elections in Jammu and Kashmir, the earthquakes in Gujarat in 2001 and Kashmir in 2005.  Razdan has been the diplomatic correspondent of NDTV 24x7, which is an English language television channel that carries news and current affairs in India, owned by New Delhi Television Ltd network 
She has done documentaries from Pakistan-administered Kashmir, Tibet and the United Kingdom after the train bombings.  Razdan has also authored a book titled Left, Right and Centre: The Idea of India, which was published in July 2017 by Penguin Random House India
Nidhi Razdan is a Kashmiri Pandit  and is the daughter of Maharaj Krishan Razdan, the former editor-in-chief of news agency, Press Trust of India.  She studied at Apeejay School, Sheikh Sarai, New Delhi. She graduated from Lady Shri Ram College and later pursued a Post-Graduate Diploma in Radio and TV Journalism at the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, Delhi (1998–99).  She is from Budgam (Central Kashmir), Jammu & Kashmir. 
Razdan married journalist and writer, Neelesh Misra, in 2005.  The couple divorced two years later in 2007.
Reference

نادي برشلونة

نادي برشلونة

نادي برشلونة لكرة القدم (بالكتلانية: Futbol Club Barcelona)، وغالبًا ما يعرف اختصارًا باسم برشلونة (بالكتلانية: Barcelona) أو كما يسميه مشجعوه بارسا (بالكتلانية: Barça)، هو ناد رياضي إسباني احترافي، من مدينة برشلونة، يلعب في الدوري الإسباني، وهو أحد ثلاثة أندية لم تهبط إلى الدرجة الثانية، بجانب كل من أتلتيك بيلباو وغريمه التقليدي ريال مدريد.

تأسس نادي برشلونة لكرة القدم في نوفمبر من عام 1899 على يد مجموعة من اللاعبين من أربع جنسيات سويسرية وإنجليزية وألمانية وإسبانية بقيادة الإسباني ذو الأصول السويسرية خوان غامبر، وقد أصبح النادي رمزًا للثقافة الكاتالونية والقومية الكاتالانية، ولهذا شعاره "Més que un club" (بالعربية: أكثر من مجرد ناد). النشيد الرسمي لبرشلونة هو "لا أحد قادر على قهرنا" الذي كتب كلماته جاومي بيكاس وجوسيب ماريا اسبيناس ولحنه مانويل فالس. على عكس العديد من أندية كرة القدم الأخرى، فإن الأنصار يمتلكون ويديرون برشلونة. وهو من أغنى أندية كرة القدم من حيث الإيرادات، إذ بلغت مجموع إيراداته لموسم 2014-15 مبلغ 560.8 مليون يورو. يحمل النادي منافسة طويلة الأمد مع ريال مدريد، وتسمى مبارياتهم بالمباريات التقليدية، أو "الكلاسيكو".

برشلونة أحد أكثر الأندية نجاحًا في تاريخ كرة القدم الإسبانية من حيث عدد البطولات المحلية، فقد فاز بستة وعشرين لقب دوري، وبرقم قياسي في كأس إسبانيا بثلاثين لقبًا، وثلاثة عشر لقباً في كأس السوبر الإسباني واثنين في كأس الدوري. وهو أيضا من أنجح الأندية في تاريخ كرة القدم الأوروبية على صعيد البطولات الأوروبية إذ حقق 17 لقبا قاريا أوروبيا بفوزه ببطولة دوري أبطال أوروبا خمس مرات، و4 مرات بكأس الاتحاد الأوروبي للأندية أبطال الكؤوس، و5 مرات بكأس السوبر الأوروبي، إضافة لحصوله على بطولة كأس العالم للأندية ثلاث مرات. وهو النادي الأوروبي الوحيد الذي لعب كرة القدم القارية في كل موسم منذ عام 1955. في عام 2009، أصبح برشلونة أول نادٍ في إسبانيا يفوز بثلاثية الدوري، كأس ملك إسبانيا، ودوري الأبطال، وفي نفس العام، بات أيضا أول نادي كرة قدم يفوز بستة من أصل ست بطولات في عام واحد، ليكتمل الإنجاز بالسداسية، التي تشمل الثلاثية المذكورة بالإضافة إلى كأس السوبر الإسباني وكأس السوبر الأوروبي وكأس العالم للأندية. وهو أول نادٍ في إسبانيا يحقق ثلاثية الدوري والكأس ودوري أبطال أوروبا في نفس العام مرتين في 2009 و2015.

يبلغ عدد أعضاء النادي 180 ألف عضو، ويحظى النادي بقاعدة جماهيرية كبيرة في شتى أنحاء العالم وتعد صفحات النادي الرسمية على مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي الأعلى من حيث المتابعة والإعجاب مقارنة بباقي الأندية العالمية الأخرى. يمارس النادي عدة أنشطة رياضية أخرى غير كرة القدم مثل كرة السلة وكرة اليد وهوكي الجليد وكرة الطائرة وغيرها وإنجازات النادي في تلك الرياضات لا تقل تميزًا عن إنجازات فريق كرة القدم.
في 22 أكتوبر من عام 1899، وضع السويسري خوان غامبر إعلانا في لوس ديبورتس معلنا رغبته في تكوين نادي كرة قدم؛ فاستجاب عدد من اللاعبين القدامى لإعلانه، وعقدوا اجتماعًا في جيمناسيو سولي في 29 نوفمبر من نفس العام، بحضور أحد عشر لاعبا من جنسيات متعددة منحت النادي هوية متعددة الثقافات هم: الإنجليز جون بارسونز وويليام بارسونز، السويسريّان والتر وايلد (أول رئيس للنادي) وأوتو كونزل، الألماني أوتو ماير، والإسباني لويس دوسو، بارتيمو تيراداس، إنريك دوكال، بير كابوت، كارليس بجول وجوزيب لوبيت، الذين وضعوا حجر الأساس للنادي، وهكذا ولد نادي برشلونة لكرة القدم
اختير السويسري والتر وايلد لرئاسة النادي كأول رئيس، كانت بداية برشلونة ناجحة في الكؤوس المحلية والوطنية، إذ شارك في بطولة كاتالونيا وكأس ملك إسبانيا. في عام 1902، فاز النادي بأول ألقابه، وهو كأس ماكايا، وشارك في أولى دورات كأس ملك إسبانيا، وخسر بنتيجة 1-2 أمام نادي بزكايا في المباراة النهائية.، في العقد الأول للنادي لعب فريق كرة القدم في ملاعب وساحات عامة؛ في الفترة 1899-1900 لعب في حديقة فندق بونانوفا وخلال عامي 1900-1901 لعب في حديقة فندق كازونوفاس وانتقل للعب بين عامي 1901-1905 إلى ساحة كاريتيرا ثم ساحة مونتانير بين عامي 1905-1909؛ وكان زي الفريق مكونا من فانيله من اللونين الكحلي والأحمر وسروال أبيض طويل، أول مبارة في تاريخ النادي كانت في 9 ديسمبر 1899 في ساحة فندق بونانوفا وكانت مبارة ودية أمام فريق من الهواة الإنجليز ضم عددا من لاعبي برشلونة وكانت عشرة لاعبين ضد عشرة خسرها برشلونة 0/ 1  أما أول مبارة رسمية فكانت في بطولة كأس ملك إسبانيا وشاءت الصدف أن تكون أمام ريال مدريد بتاريخ 13 مايو 1902 وفاز حينها برشلونة 3-1، تولى خوان غامبر مؤسس برشلونة رئاسة النادي لأول مرة في عام 1908، وكان النادي آنذاك واقعًا في ضائقة مالية بعد أن فشل في تحقيق أي بطولة جديدة منذ أن فاز ببطولة كاتالونيا عام 1905، وكان أهم إنجاز حققه في تلك الفترة هو تأمين ملعب خاص بالنادي، الأمر الذي جعله يحقق دخلاً مستقرًا لأول مرة في تاريخه.

يوم 14 مارس 1909، انتقل الفريق إلى ملعب كامب ديل لا إندوستريا وهو ملعب كبير يتسع لستة آلاف شخص وكان أول ملعب مضاء في إسبانيا، وخلال الفترة الممتدة من عام 1910 إلى عام 1914 شارك برشلونة في بطولة كأس برانس، التي كانت تضم أفضل فرق مقاطعات لانغيدوك، ميدي، أكيتين (جنوب فرنسا)، بلاد الباسك، وكاتالونيا، وكانت تلك البطولة تعتبر آنذاك أفضل المسابقات المفتوحة. خلال الفترة نفسها، غير النادي لغته الرسمية من القشتالية إلى الكتالانية وأخذت شعبيته تتزايد تدريجيًا إلى أن أصبح رمزًا مهماً في الهوية الكاتالونية، ويتضح ذلك جليًا من خلال الأنصار، إذ أن كثيرًا منهم، أقدموا على تشجيع النادي كونه كان ناديًا كتالونيًا يمثلهم ويمثل قوميتهم، ولم يكن تشجيعهم له بسبب طريقة اللعب المميزة على الإطلاق.

كان الفريق خلال فترة كامب ديل لا إندوستريا 1909-1922 في أوج عطائه وازدهاره وتمكن بفضل عدد من اللاعبين أبرزهم باولينو ألكانتارا صاحب 369 هدف بقميص النادي، الفوز بثمانية ألقاب في بطولة دوري كاتالونيا، وخمسة في بطولة كأس ملك إسبانيا، وأربعة في بطولة كأس برانس، فاعتبرت تلك المرحلة بمثابة "عصر ذهبي" للنادي.

عام 1912 عُيِّن لاعب الفريق الإنجليزي بيلي لامبي أول مدرب بأجر للفريق في عهد خوان غامبر خلال فترة رئاستة الثانية، وكان من إنجازات غامبر (تولى رئاسة النادي في خمس مناسبات منفصلة بين عاميّ 1908 و1925) أيضًا زيادته عدد أعضاء النادي، الأمر الذي كان له عدّة آثار إيجابية، فقد أطلق حملة لتعيين المزيد من الأعضاء، وبحلول عام 1922 تمكن النادي من اجتذاب أكثر من 20,000 عضو، فأصبح بإمكانه شراء ملعب جديد، وسرعان ما تم ذلك، إذ اشترى ملعب ليس كورتس، الذي افتتح في العام نفسه، ونُقل المقر الرئيسي إليه، وكان ملعب ليس كورتس يتسع لاثنين وعشرين ألف متفرج، وقد وُسِّع فيما بعد حتى وصلت قدرته الاستيعابية إلى 60,000 متفرج.
المراجع

Barcelona

Barcelona

commonly referred to as Barcelona and colloquially known as Barça ([ˈbaɾsə]), is a Spanish professional football club based in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.

Founded in 1899 by a group of Swiss, Spanish, English, and Catalan footballers led by Joan Gamper, the club has become a symbol of Catalan culture and Catalanism, hence the motto "Més que un club" ("More than a club"). Unlike many other football clubs, the supporters own and operate Barcelona. It is the fourth-most valuable sports team in the world, worth $4.06 billion, and the world's richest football club in terms of revenue, with an annual turnover of €840,8 million.  The official Barcelona anthem is the "Cant del Barça", written by Jaume Picas and Josep Maria Espinàs. 
Domestically, Barcelona has won a record 74 trophies: 26 La Liga, 30 Copa del Rey, 13 Supercopa de España, 3 Copa Eva Duarte, and 2 Copa de la Liga trophies, as well as being the record holder for the latter four competitions. In international club football, the club has won 20 European and worldwide titles: 5 UEFA Champions League titles, a record 4 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, a joint record 5 UEFA Super Cup, a record 3 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, and 3 FIFA Club World Cup.  Barcelona was ranked first in the International Federation of Football History & Statistics Club World Ranking for 1997, 2009, 2011, 2012, and 2015  and currently occupies the third position on the UEFA club rankings.  The club has a long-standing rivalry with Real Madrid; matches between the two teams are referred to as El Clásico.

Barcelona is one of the most widely supported teams in the world, and the club has one of the largest social media following in the world among sports teams.[9][10] Barcelona players have won a record number of Ballon d'Or awards (12), with recipients including Johan Cruyff, as well as a record number of FIFA World Player of the Year awards (7), with winners including Ronaldo, Romário, Ronaldinho, and Rivaldo. In 2010, three players who came through the club's youth academy (Lionel Messi, Andrés Iniesta, and Xavi) were chosen as the three best players in the world in the FIFA Ballon d'Or awards, an unprecedented feat for players from the same football school. Additionally, players representing the club have won a record number (8) of European Golden Shoe awards.

Barcelona is one of three founding members of the Primera División that have never been relegated from the top division since its inception in 1929, along with Athletic Bilbao and Real Madrid. In 2009, Barcelona became the first Spanish club to win the continental treble consisting of La Liga, Copa del Rey, and the UEFA Champions League, and also became the first Spanish football club to win six out of six competitions in a single year, by also winning the Spanish Super Cup, UEFA Super Cup, and FIFA Club World Cup.  In 2011, the club became European champions again and won five trophies. This Barcelona team, which won 14 trophies in just 4 years under Pep Guardiola, is considered by some in the sport to be the greatest team of all time.  By winning their fifth Champions League trophy on 6 June 2015, Barcelona became the first European club in history to achieve the continental treble twice. The highest paid sports team in the world, in November 2018 Barcelona became the first sports team with average first-team pay in excess of £10m ($13.8m) per year
On 22 October 1899, Hans Gamper placed an advertisement in Los Deportes declaring his wish to form a football club; a positive response resulted in a meeting at the Gimnasio Solé on 29 November. Eleven players attended – Walter Wild (the first director of the club), Lluís d'Ossó, Bartomeu Terradas, Otto Kunzle, Otto Maier, Enric Ducal, Pere Cabot, Carles Pujol, Josep Llobet, John Parsons, and William Parsons – and Foot-Ball Club Barcelona was born.
FC Barcelona had a successful start in regional and national cups, competing in the Campionat de Catalunya and the Copa del Rey. In 1902, the club won its first trophy, the Copa Macaya, and participated in the first Copa del Rey, losing 1–2 to Bizcaya in the final.  In 1908, Hans Gamper – now known as Joan Gamper – became club president in a desperate attempt to save Barcelona from extinction, finding the club struggling not just on the pitch, but also financially and socially, after not winning a competition since the Campionat de Catalunya in 1905. He said in a meeting, "Barcelona cannot die and must not die. If there is nobody who is going to try, then I will assume the responsibility of running the club from now on."  Club president on five separate occasions between 1908 and 1925, he spent 25 years in total at the helm. One of his main achievements was ensuring Barça acquire its own stadium and thus generate a stable income. 

On 14 March 1909, the team moved into the Camp de la Indústria, a stadium with a capacity of 8,000. To celebrate their new surroundings, the club conducted a logo contest the following year. Carles Comamala won the contest, and his suggestion became the crest that the club still wears – with some minor changes – as of the present day. 

With the new stadium, Barcelona participated in the inaugural version of the Pyrenees Cup, which, at the time, consisted of the best teams of Languedoc, Midi and Aquitaine (Southern France), the Basque Country and Catalonia; all were former members of the Marca Hispanica region. The contest was the most prestigious in that era.  From the inaugural year in 1910 to 1913, Barcelona won the competition four consecutive times. Carles Comamala played an integral part of the four-time champion, managing the side along with Amechazurra and Jack Greenwell. The latter became the club's first full-time coach in 1917.  The last edition was held in 1914 in the city of Barcelona, which local rivals Espanyol won. 
During the same period, the club changed its official language from Castilian to Catalan and gradually evolved into an important symbol of Catalan identity. For many fans, participating in the club had less to do with the game itself and more with being a part of the club's collective identity.  On 4 February 1917, the club held its first testimonial match to honour Ramón Torralba, who played from 1913 to 1928. The match was against local side Terrassa where Barcelona won the match 6-2. 

Gamper simultaneously launched a campaign to recruit more club members, and by 1922, the club had more than 20,000, who helped finance a new stadium. The club then moved to the new Les Cortes, which they inaugurated the same year.  Les Cortes had an initial capacity of 30,000, and in the 1940s it was expanded to 60,000. 

Gamper recruited Jack Greenwell as the first full-time manager in Barcelona's history. After this hiring, the club's fortunes began to improve on the field. During the Gamper-led era, Barcelona won eleven Campionats de Catalunya, six Copa del Rey and four Pyrenees Cups and enjoyed its first "golden age
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