Matt Gaetz

Matt Gaetz

Matthew Louis Gaetz II  (/ɡeɪts/; born May 7, 1982) is an American lawyer and politician serving as the U.S. representative for Florida's 1st congressional district since 2017. A member of the Republican Party, his district covers a large portion of the western Florida Panhandle, including Pensacola, Destin, Navarre and his hometown of Fort Walton Beach.

Prior to serving in Congress, Gaetz was a member of the Florida House of Representatives, representing the state's 4th district, which includes most of Okaloosa County, from 2010 to 2016.

Gaetz was born in Hollywood, Florida,  to Victoria "Vickey" (Quertermous) and politician Don Gaetz, and grew up near Fort Walton Beach.  He graduated from Florida State University in 2003 with a B.S. in interdisciplinary sciences and from the College of William and Mary in 2007 with a J.D. 

His father Don represented parts of northwest Florida as a member of the Florida State Senate from 2006 to 2016 and served as Senate president from 2012 to 2014. Gaetz's grandfather, Jerry Gaetz, was the mayor of Rugby, North Dakota, and a candidate for lieutenant governor of North Dakota at the 1964 North Dakota Republican Party state convention, where he died of a heart attack. 

After graduating from law school, Gaetz went to work for a law firm in Fort Walton Beach

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Gaetz

لودفيج فان بيتهوفن

لودفيج فان بيتهوفن

لودفيج فان بيتهوفن (بالألمانية: Ludwig van Beethoven) ‏ (17 ديسمبر 1770 - 26 مارس 1827) كان ملحنًا وموسيقارًا وعازف بيانو ألماني، وهوَ أحدُ الشخصيّات البارزة في الحقبة الكلاسيكيّة التي تَسبِق الرومانسيّة؛ ويُعتَبرُ من أعظَم عباقرة الموسيقى في جميعِ العصور وأكثَرهُم تأثيراً، وأبدَع أعمالاً موسيقيّة خالِدة، كما له الفضلُ الأعظم في تطوير الموسيقى الكلاسيكيّة. وتَشمَلُ مُؤلّفاتُه تِسعَ سيمفونيّات وخَمسَ مقطوعاتٍ على البيانو وأُخرى على الكمان، واثنينِ وثلاثينَ سوناتا على البيانو وسِتّة عَشر مقطوعةً رُباعيّة وتريّة؛ كما ألّف أيضاً أعمالاً للصالونِ الأدبيّ وأُخرى للجوقة وأغانٍ أيضاً.

وُلِدَ بيتهوفن في مدينة بون والتي كانَت عاصمة انتخابية كولونيا وجزءاً من الإمبراطورية الرومانية المقدسة، وظهرت موهِبَتُه الموسيقيّة في سِنّ مُبكّرة ودَرسَ على يَدِ والِده يوهان فان بيتهوفن وكريستيان جوتلوب نيفي. خِلالَ الاثِنتَي والعِشرين السنة الأولى من حياتِه، دَرَس بيتهوفِن الموسيقى مع فولفغانغ أماديوس موتسارت كما أصبَح صديقاً لجوزيف هايدن. وانتَقَل إلى فيينا عامَ 1792 وبقيَ حتّى مماتِه ودَرس هُناك بِرفقَة هايدن وكوّن لِنَفسِه سُمعةً طيّبة باعتبارِه عازِف بيانو مُتمكّن. في عامِ 1800 -تقريبًا- بدأ سَمعُه يتدهور، وبحلولِ العُقدِ الأخير من حياتِه صارَ أصمّاً تماماً، إلّا أن صَممه هذا لم يَمنعهُ من إكمالِ مسيرَته التأليفيّة، فقد ألّف أحدَ أشهرِ الأعمال في تِلك الفَترة، واستَمرّ في التأليفِ إلى أن تُوفّي عام 1827.

لودفيج فان بيتهوفن الابن هوَ حَفيدُ لودفيج فان بيتهوفن الجدّ (1712–73)، وهوَ موسيقيٌ أيضاً من ميشيلن التي كانَت تَتبَعُ الأراضي المنخفضة الجنوبية (الآن هيَ تَقَعُ في بلجيكا) وقد انتَقَل إلى بون في العِشرينيّات من عُمرِه. وكانَ مُغنّي باس في انتخابية كولونيا ثُمّ رُقّيَ ليُصبِحَ مُديرَ الفِرقة. وقد كانَ لدى لودفيج الجدّ ابنٌ واحِد وهوَ يوهان الذي كانَ مُغنّي تينور في نَفسِ فِرقة والِده كما كانَ يُعطي دُروساً خُصوصيّة في الكمان والبيانو لزيادَة الدَخل. تزوّج يوهان من ماريا ماغدالينا كيفريخ عامَ 1767 وهيَ ابنَةُ يوهان هاينريش كيفريخ الذي كانَ رئيس الطُهاة في بِلاط أسقفيّة ترير.

وُلِدَ لودفيج فان بيتهوفن في بون وسُمي على اسمِ جدّه، ولا يُوجَد سجلٌ أصليٌ عن تاريخِ وِلادَته؛ وَوفقاً للسجلّات فقد تَمّ تعميدُه في أبرَشيّة القدّيس ريجوس وِفقاً لتعاليمِ الكنيسة الرومانية الكاثوليكية في 17 ديسمبر 1770. وكان مِن تقاليد بِلاد الراينلاند في تلك الحِقبَة أن يُعمّد الطِفل في اليوم التالي بعدَ وِلادَته لذا غالِباً فإن يوم ميلادِه هوَ 16 ديسمبر حيثُ عُرِفَ عن عائِلة بيتهوفِن احتفالَهُم بيومِ مولِده في ذاك التاريخ، كما اتّفقَ أغلبُ الباحثين أنّه وُلِد في هذا اليوم إلّا أنه لا توجَد وثيقَة رسميّة بهذا. وإن اللاحقة "فان" في اسمه لا تدلّ على لقبٍ من ألقاب النُبل الألمانية كما هي الحال مع اللاحقة "فون"، وكلمة بيتهوفن مكوّنة من كلمة هوفن وهو الحقل وبيت وهو الشمندر، وبذلك يكون معنى الاسم هو حقل الشمندر. ومن بَينِ 7 إخوة لـِلودفيج كانَ هوَ الثاني من بينِهم، وقد تُوفوا جميعاً صِغاراً عدا أخوينِ لهُ أصغَر مِنه أحَدُهما يُدعى كاسبار انطون كارل وولِدَ في 8 أبريل 1774 والآخر يُدعى نيكولس يوهان وهوَ الأصغر وولِدَ في 2 أكتوبر 1776. وكان بيتهوفِن في صِغره يُلقّب بالإسباني بسبب لون شعره الداكن وبشرته الغامقة، مما رجّح عند المؤرخين أن يكون بيتهوفِن مُهجّناً من دمٍ إسباني، فقد احتلّت أسبانيا تلك الأراضي سنواتٍ طويلة.

أوّل مُدرّسِ موسيقى حَظي بِه لودفيج هوَ والِدُه يوهان، وكانَ معروفاً عنّه أنّه شديدٌ في تعامُلِه معه لدرجّة أنّه غالِباً ما كانَ لودفيج يَعزِف باكياً بسبب أبيه وكانَ لِهذا أثرٌ كبيرٌ بي نَفسِه وعُلوّه كأحدِ أشهر المُؤلّفينَ في العالم. كما حَظِيَ بيتهوفن بأساتِذةٌ مَحلّيين أُخَر مِثلَ غليس فان دين إيدن، وتوبياس فريدريش فايفر وهوَ صديقٌ للعائِلة وعلّم لودفيج البيانو، وفرانز روفنتني وهوَ من أقارِبه وعلّمه العَزفَ على الكمان والكمان المتوسط. وقد ظَهرتْ موهِبتُه الموسيقيّة في عُمرٍ مُبكّر مما دَفَع والِده بعد رؤيّة النجاحات التي حقّقها ليوبولد موتسارت مع طِفليه العباقِرة فولفغانغ موتسارت وأختِه ماريا آنا موتسارت دَفَعهُ إلى استِغلالِ ابنِه أنّه كانَ في السادسة من عُمرِه لأوّلِ أداءٍ علنيّ له أمامَ الجُمهور عام 1778 على الرُغم من كونِه كان بِعُمر السابِعة.

في وقتٍ ما من عامِ 1779 بدأ لودفيج دِراسَته على يدِ أهمّ أستاذٍ في بون وهو كريستيان جوتلوب نيفي الذي أصبَح عازِف الأورغن في الأبرشيّة في ذاتِ العام. وقد علّمه نيفي أصولَ الموسيقى كما ساعَده على تأليفِ أولى ألحانِه المنشورة عام 1783 وهيَ (WoO 63). وسُرعانَ ما عَمِل بيتهوفن مع أستاذِه كمُساعدٍ لَه في عَزف الأورغن، حيثُ كانَت أوّل مُشارَكة معه عام 1781 بلا أجر، أمّا الأخرى كانَت عام 1784 وكانَت مَدفوعَة الأجر من قِبَل مُدير الفِرقة أندريا لوخيسي. كما نُشِرت أولى ثلاث سونتات لَه عام 1783 وسُمّيت بـKurfürst تيمُّناً بالناخِب ماكسيميليان فريدريش (1708–84)، حيثُ لاحَظ ماكسيميليان موهِبة بيتهوفن في الموسيقى ودَعمَه وشجّعه في دِراسَته

بعدَ وفاة ماكسيميليان فريدريش أتى بعدَه ماكسيميليان فرانز ليكونَ ناخِب بون الجديد وهوَ الابن الأصغر لماريا تيريزا وأحدَث تغييراتٍ مَلحوظَة في بون سيراً على خُطى شقيقِه جوزيف في فيينا، حيثُ نَفّذ إصلاحاتٍ تَستَنِدُ على فلسَفة التنوير كما اهتَم بالتعليم والفنون. وقد تأثّر بيتهوفِن الذي كانَ في سِن المُراهقة حينها بهذه التغييرات كما تأثّر بأفكارِ الماسونيّة حيثُ كانَ أستاذُه نيفي وأغلَب الناسِ حوله من المتنورين.

سافَر لودفيج عامَ 1787 إلى فيينا للمرّة الأولى في حياتِه لمُحاوَلة الدِراسَة مع موتسارت؛ عَلاقَة الفنّانين ببعضِهما غير معروفَة، بل هوَ مشكوكٌ بالأمر إذا كانا التقيا فِعلاً أم لا. عادَ بيتهوفِن إلى بون بعدَ أسبوعَين من وصولِه بسبب مَرضِ أُمّه، ثُم توفّيت والِدته بعد وقتٍ قصير وأدمَن والِده على شُربِ الكحول إثرَ ذلك. ونتيجةً لذلك، أصبَح لودفيج مسؤولاً عن رِعاية أخويه الصِغار، فبَقي في بون للخَمسِ سنوات اللاحِقة.

تعرّف بيتهوفِن في تِلك السنوات على العديدِ من الأشخاص المُلهمين في حياتِه. أحَدُهم هو فرانز ويغلر، وهوَ طالِبٌ في كُليّة الطِب الذي عرّفَه بعائِلة فون بريونينغ، ودائماً ما كان بيتهوفِن يزور العائِلة لتعليم الأطفال العَزف على البيانو. كما تَعرّف على الكونت فرديناند فون والدستين الذي أصبَح صديقَه الحميم.

في عام 1789 حَصَل بيتهوفِن على حُكمٍ قانونيّ مَفادُه أن يُعطَى نِصفَ راتِب والِده لإعلالَة أسرته. كما استَطاع الحصولَ على المال لأجلِ المَعيشَة من خِلال عَزفِه على الكمان المتوسط في الحَفلات. وفي تِلكَ الفترة سَمِع عَدداً وتعرّف أكثر على الأوبرا، من بينِها ثلاث أعمال لموتسارت.

المصادر

https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AC_%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%87%D9%88%D9%81%D9%86

Beethoven

Beethoven

 baptised 17 December 1770 – 26 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist; his music is amongst the most performed of the classical music repertoire, and he is one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music. His works span the transition from the classical period to the romantic era in classical music. His career has conventionally been divided into early, middle, and late periods. The "early" period in which he forged his craft is typically seen to last until 1802. His "middle" period, sometimes characterised as "heroic", showing an individual development from the "classical" styles of Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, covers the years 1802 to 1812, during which he increasingly suffered from deafness. In the "late" period from 1812 to his death in 1827, he extended his innovations in musical form and expression.

Beethoven was born in Bonn. His musical talent was obvious at an early age, and he was initially harshly and intensively taught by his father Johann van Beethoven. He was later taught by the composer and conductor Christian Gottlob Neefe, under whose tuition he published his first work, a set of keyboard variations, in 1783. He found relief from a dysfunctional home life with the family of Helene von Breuning, whose children he loved, befriended and taught piano. At age 21, he moved to Vienna, which subsequently became his base, and studied composition with Haydn. Beethoven then gained a reputation as a virtuoso pianist, and he was soon courted by Karl Alois, Prince Lichnowsky for compositions, which resulted in his three Opus 1 piano trios (the earliest works to which he accorded an opus number) in 1795.

His first major orchestral work, the First Symphony, appeared in 1800, and his first set of string quartets was published in 1801. During this period, his hearing began to deteriorate, but he continued to conduct, premiering his Third and Fifth Symphonies in 1804 and 1808, respectively. His Violin Concerto appeared in 1806. His last piano concerto (No. 5, Op. 73, known as the 'Emperor'), dedicated to his frequent patron Archduke Rudolf of Austria, was premiered in 1810, but not with Beethoven as soloist. He was almost completely deaf by 1814, and he then gave up performing and appearing in public. He described his problems with health and his unfulfilled personal life in two letters, his "Heiligenstadt Testament" (1802) to his brothers and his unsent love letter to an unknown "Immortal Beloved" (1812).

In the years from 1810, increasingly less socially involved, Beethoven composed many of his most admired works including his later symphonies and his mature chamber music and piano sonatas. His only opera, Fidelio, which had been first performed in 1805, was revised to its final version in 1814. He composed his Missa Solemnis in the years 1819–1823, and his final, Ninth, Symphony, one of the first examples of a choral symphony, in 1822–1824. Written in his last years, his late string quartets of 1825–26 are amongst his final achievements. After some months of bedridden illness he died in 1827. Beethoven's works remain mainstays of the classical music repertoire.

Beethoven was the grandson of Ludwig van Beethoven (1712–1773) , a musician from the town of Mechelen in the Austrian Duchy of Brabant (in what is now the Flemish region of Belgium) who had moved to Bonn at the age of 21.  Ludwig was employed as a bass singer at the court of Clemens August, Archbishop-Elector of Cologne, eventually rising to become, in 1761, Kapellmeister (music director) and hence a pre-eminent musician in Bonn. The portrait he commissioned of himself towards the end of his life remained displayed in his grandson's rooms as a talisman of his musical heritage.  Ludwig had one son, Johann (1740–1792), who worked as a tenor in the same musical establishment and gave keyboard and violin lessons to supplement his income. 

Johann married Maria Magdalena Keverich in 1767; she was the daughter of Heinrich Keverich (1701–1751), who had been the head chef at the court of the Archbishopric of Trier.  Beethoven was born of this marriage in Bonn at what is now the Beethoven House Museum, Bonnstrasse 20.  There is no authentic record of the date of his birth; however, the registry of his baptism, in the Catholic Parish of St. Remigius on 17 December 1770, survives, and the custom in the region at the time was to carry out baptism within 24 hours of birth. There is a consensus, (with which Beethoven himself agreed) that his birth date was 16 December, but no documentary proof of this. 

Of the seven children born to Johann van Beethoven, only Ludwig, the second-born, and two younger brothers survived infancy. Kaspar Anton Karl was born on 8 April 1774, and Nikolaus Johann, (generally known as Johann) the youngest, was born on 2 October 1776. 

Beethoven's first music teacher was his father. He later had other local teachers: the court organist Gilles van den Eeden (d. 1782), Tobias Friedrich Pfeiffer (a family friend, who provided keyboard tuition), and Franz Rovantini (a relative, who instructed him in playing the violin and viola). From the outset his tuition regime, which began in his fifth year, was harsh and intensive, often reducing him to tears; with the involvement of the insomniac Pfeiffer there were irregular late-night sessions with the young Beethoven being dragged from his bed to the keyboard.  His musical talent was obvious at a young age. Johann, aware of Leopold Mozart's successes in this area (with his son Wolfgang and daughter Nannerl), attempted to promote his son as a child prodigy, claiming that Beethoven was six (he was seven) on the posters for his first public performance in March 1778

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven

Cyberpunk 2077

Cyberpunk 2077

Cyberpunk 2077 is an upcoming role-playing video game developed and published by CD Projekt. It is scheduled to be released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One on 19 November 2020, and Stadia by the end of the year. Adapted from the Cyberpunk franchise, it takes place in dystopian Night City, an open world with six distinct regions. Players assume the role of V, a customisable mercenary, in a first-person perspective, acquiring skills in hacking and machinery, an arsenal of ranged weapons, and options for melee combat. Both lethal and non-lethal playthroughs are possible.

Cyberpunk 2077 is being developed using the REDengine 4 by a team of around 500, exceeding the number that worked on the studio's previous game, The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt. CD Projekt launched a new division in Wrocław, Poland and partnered with Digital Scapes, Nvidia, and QLOC to assist with production. Cyberpunk creator Mike Pondsmith is a consultant, and actor Keanu Reeves has a starring role. The soundtrack features music by Marcin Przybyłowicz, P. T. Adamczyk, Paul Leonard-Morgan, and numerous pop artists.

Cyberpunk 2077 is played in a first-person perspective as V,  a mercenary whose voice  face, hairstyles, body type and modifications, background, and clothing are customisable. Stat categories—Body, Intelligence, Reflexes, Technical, and Cool—are influenced by the character classes that players assume, which are NetRunner (hacking), Techie (machinery), and Solo (combat). The perk tree branches into melee, blades, handguns, shotguns, rifles, sniper rifles, hacking, two-handed combat, assassination, "cold blood", engineering, and athletics. V must consult a "ripperdoc" to upgrade and purchase cyberware implants; black markets offer military-grade abilities.  The rarity of any given equipment is shown by a coloured tier system.  V can take cover, aim, run on the ground and walls, jump, double jump, and slide.  With arm blades, V may climb walls and, like with other close-combat weapons, deal melee strikes.  There are three types of ranged weapons, all of which can be customised and modified—Power (standard), Tech (which penetrate walls and enemies), and Smart (with homing bullets).  Ranged weapons are equipped to ricochet bullets in a target's direction and slow them down in bullet time. Four types of damage can be inflicted and resisted—Physical, Thermal, EMP, and Chemical.  Weapon use increases accuracy and reloading speed, which are manifested in character animations.  Gunsmiths repair and upgrade weapons.  The game can be completed without killing anyone,  with non-lethal options for weapons and cyberware. 

The open world metropolis Night City, California consists of six regions—the corporate City Center, immigrant-inhabited Watson, luxurious Westbrook, suburban Heywood, gang-infested Pacifica, and industrial Santo Domingo. Its surrounding area, the Badlands, can also be explored. V navigates these locations on foot and in vehicles, which are customisable and subject to either a first or third-person view. In autonomous cars, V can more easily engage in gunplay.  Pedestrians are vulnerable to vehicular collisions. Depending on the location, law enforcement may be alerted if V commits a crime.  Radio stations are available to listen to.  The full day-night cycle and dynamic weather affect the way non-player characters (NPCs) behave.  V owns an apartment—in which to fetch weapons, get dressed, use a computer, bring NPCs for sexual activity—and a garage.  Night City features non-English-speaking characters, whose languages can be translated with special implants.  "Braindance" is a device that allows V to undergo other people's experiences.  Branching dialogues enable interaction with NPCs and actions in quests.  Experience points are obtained from main quests and fuel the stats, while side quests yield "street cred", unlocking skills, vendors, places, and additional quests.  Quests are acquired from characters known as Fixers. Throughout the game, V is aided by various companions.  Consumables, like soft drinks, are used for healing, and objects can be inspected in V's inventory.  Minigames include hacking, boxing, auto racing,  martial arts, and shooting ranges.  "Game over" messages only appear at the point of death; if a quest is failed, the game moves on all the same.  Player choice leads to different endings

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberpunk_2077

Idiot

Idiot

An idiot, in modern use, is a stupid or foolish person.

It was formerly a technical term in legal and psychiatric contexts for some kinds of profound intellectual disability where the mental age is two years or less, and the person cannot guard himself or herself against common physical dangers. The term was gradually replaced by the term profound mental retardation (which has itself since been replaced by other terms).  Along with terms like moron, imbecile, and cretin, it is archaic and offensive in those uses.

The word "idiot" comes from the Greek noun ἰδιώτης idiōtēs 'a private person, individual', 'a private citizen' (as opposed to an official), 'a common man', 'a person lacking professional skill, layman', later 'unskilled', 'ignorant', derived from the adjective ἴδιος idios 'private', 'one's own'.  In Latin, idiota was borrowed in the meaning 'uneducated', 'ignorant', 'common',  and in Late Latin came to mean 'crude, illiterate, ignorant'.  In French, it kept the meaning of 'illiterate', 'ignorant', and added the meaning 'stupid' in the 13th century.  In English, it added the meaning 'mentally deficient' in the 14th century. 

Many political commentators, starting as early as 1856, have interpreted the word "idiot" as reflecting the Ancient Greeks' attitudes to civic participation and private life, combining the ancient meaning of 'private citizen' with the modern meaning 'fool' to conclude that the Greeks used the word to say that it is selfish and foolish not to participate in public life.  But this is not how the Greeks used the word.

It is certainly true that the Greeks valued civic participation and criticized non-participation. Thucydides quotes Pericles' Funeral Oration as saying: "[we] regard... him who takes no part in these [public] duties not as unambitious but as useless" (τόν τε μηδὲν τῶνδε μετέχοντα οὐκ ἀπράγμονα, ἀλλ᾽ ἀχρεῖον νομίζομεν).  However, neither he nor any other ancient author uses the word "idiot" to describe non-participants, or in a derogatory sense; its most common use was simply a private citizen or amateur as opposed to a government official, professional, or expert.  The derogatory sense came centuries later, and was unrelated to the political meaning

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiot

آمبر هيرد

آمبر هيرد

اّمبر لورا هيرد (ولدت في 22 أبريل 1986) وهي ممثلة أمريكية التحقت بأكاديمية سانت مايكل الكاثوليكية في أوستن بتكساس حتى المرحلة الإعدادية، ثم تركتها للعمل في هوليوود. لعبت أدواراً ثانوية في عديد من البرامج التلفزيونية والأفلام. ربما كان أشهر أدوارها دور غريتا ماثيوز في برنامج تلفزيون CW بعنوان "Hidden Palms". كما لعبت الدور الرئيسى (وشخصية العنوان) في All The Boys Love Mandy Lane، الذي عرض لأول مرة في مهرجان تورونتو السينمائي الدولي في عام 2006 ثم عرض مسرحيا عام 2008.

ظهرت أيضا على غلاف مجلة Maxim ، ولعبت دور صديقة سيث روجن في "Pineapple Express". شاركت في العرض السينمائي لرواية The Informers لبريت ايستون اليس.

ولدت هيرد ونشأت في أوستن بولاية تكساس. يعمل والدها ديفيد مقاولاً، وتعمل والدتها بايج باحثة إنترنت للولاية. عندما كانت هيرد في سن المراهقة، كانت ناشطة في مدرستها في قسم الدراما، وظهرت في إعلانات وحملات المدرسة. في سن الـ 16، فقدت صديقتها المقربة في حادث سيارة. نشأت هيرد على المذهب الكاثوليكي، لكنها الآن أعلنت نفسها ملحدة. وكانت قد تركت أكاديمية سانت مايكل الكاثوليكية في سن الـ 17، وانتقلت إلى نيويورك للعمل في مجال عرض الأزياء لكنها لم تستمتع به. انتقلت بعد ذلك إلى لوس أنجلوس للعمل في مجال التمثيل، في حفل توزيع جوائز GLAAD (تحالف المثليين ضد التشهير) اعترفت أنها سحاقية، وقد ظهرت مع عشيقتها المصورة تاسيا فان ري.

اجتمعت هيرد والممثل جوني ديب في تصوير فيلم يوميات روم وبدآ يتواعدان منذ عام 2012. وأصبحا خطيبين عشية عيد الميلاد 2013. تزوج جوني ديب منها في 31 يناير 2015، ثم انفصلا في السنة التي تليها.

المراجع

https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AF

Amber Heard

Amber Heard

Amber Laura Heard (born April 22, 1986)  is an American actress and model. Born and raised in Texas, she made her film debut in a minor supporting role in the sports drama Friday Night Lights (2004), followed by a series of other small roles in television and film. Her first leading role was in the horror film All the Boys Love Mandy Lane (2006), but it was not released in the United States until 2013 due to distribution problems. Her second major role came in the short-running The CW television series Hidden Palms (2007).

Heard's breakthrough came in 2008 with roles in the action film Never Back Down and in the stoner comedy Pineapple Express, which were both box office successes. The same year, she received the Breakthrough Award at Young Hollywood Awards. Heard continued her career with roles in films such as The Informers (2008), The Stepfather (2009), Zombieland (2009), and The Joneses (2009). In 2011, she played the female lead opposite Nicolas Cage in Drive Angry, and opposite Johnny Depp in The Rum Diary; neither were critically nor commercially successful. Subsequently, Heard appeared in 3 Days to Kill (2014), Magic Mike XXL (2015) and The Danish Girl (2015). She also starred in the indie film The Adderall Diaries (2015), the television musical drama One More Time (2015), and the Martin Amis adaptation London Fields (2018). The latter was due to be released in 2015, but became the subject of a series of lawsuit between its director, Heard, and the film's production company over disagreements in its editing and other issues. The film was finally released in 2018, and was both a critical and commercial flop.

In 2017, Heard acted as part of an ensemble cast in the indie film I Do...Until I Don't (2017) and made an appearance as Mera in the superhero film Justice League (2017). She reprised the latter role opposite Jason Momoa in Aquaman (2018), which became the most profitable DC Extended Universe film up to that point, and the fifth highest-grossing film of 2018  The same year, Heard was also named a global spokesperson for the cosmetics giant L'Oréal Paris. In 2019, she appeared in supporting roles in the independent films Her Smell and Gully.

In addition to her acting career, Heard engages in activism for causes such as LGBTQ rights and domestic and sexual violence awareness. She is an American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) ambassador and has been named a Human Rights Champion for the Stand Up for Human Rights campaign by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. From 2015 to 2017, Heard was married to her The Rum Diary co-star Johnny Depp. Their divorce drew significant media attention as Heard alleged that Depp had been physically and verbally abusive towards her through most of their relationship. In 2019, he sued her for defamation after she discussed being a victim of domestic violence in the media, alleging that Heard had been the party in fact physically and verbally abusive towards him over the course of their relationship. Heard has denied these allegations

Heard was born in Austin, Texas, to Patricia Paige (née Parsons), an internet researcher, and David Clinton Heard, who owned a small construction company. She has a younger sister named Whitney.  The family lived outside Austin.  Heard's father broke horses in his freetime, and she grew up riding horses, hunting, and fishing with him.  She also participated in beauty pageants, although as an adult she has stated that she could no longer "support the objectification".  When Heard was 16, her best friend died in a car crash. Heard, who was raised Catholic, subsequently declared herself an atheist.  Around the same time, she began reading books by writers such as Ayn Rand, Ray Bradbury, and George Orwell, and began questioning society around her.  At the age of 17, she no longer felt  comfortable in Texas  and dropped out of her Catholic high school to move to New York City.   She eventually earned a diploma through a home-study course.  In NYC, she supported herself through modeling,  but soon moved to Los Angeles to pursue an acting career.

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amber_Heard