أريزونا

أريزونا

أريزونا (بالإنجليزية: Arizona، بلغة نافاهو: هوزدو هاهودزو Hoozdo Hahoodzo؛ بلغة أودهام: ألي سوناك Alĭ ṣonak)‏ هي ولاية في المنطقة الجنوبية الغربية من الولايات المتحدة. وهي أيضا جزء من غرب الولايات المتحدة والولايات الجبلية الغربية. ترتيبها السادس من حيث المساحة والرابعة عشرة من حيث السكان بين الولايات الخمسين. عاصمتها هي مدينة فينيكس وأكبر مدينة فيها. أريزونا هي واحدة من ولايات الزوايا الأربع. ولديها حدود مع نيو مكسيكو، يوتا، نيفادا، كاليفورنيا، ودولة المكسيك، ونقطة واحدة مشتركة مع الزاوية الجنوبية الغربية من ولاية كولورادو. يبلغ طول حدود أريزونا مع المكسيك 389 ميلا (626 كم) على الحدود الشمالية من ولايات سونورا وباخا كاليفورنيا المكسيكيتين.

ترتيب أريزونا هو 48 بين الولايات التي أدخلت للإتحاد وآخر ولاية ضمن الأرض الرئيسية يتم إدخالها، حيث أدخلت في 14 فبراير 1912. كانت تاريخيا جزءا من أراضي كاليفورنيا العليا في إسبانيا الجديدة، وأصبحت جزءا من المكسيك المستقلة في عام 1821. بعد أن هزمت المكسيك في الحرب المكسيكية الأمريكية، تنازلت عن جزء كبير من هذه الأراضي إلى الولايات المتحدة في عام 1848. تم الحصول على الجزء الجنوبي من الولاية في عام 1853 من خلال صفقة غادسدن.

يعرف جنوب أريزونا بمناخه الصحراوي، بصيفه الحار جدا وشتائه المعتدل. يتميز شمال أريزونا بغابات الصنوبر وتنوب دوغلاس وأشجار التنوب؛ هضبة كولورادو؛ بعض سلاسل الجبال (مثل جبال سان فرانسيسكو)؛ فضلا عن الأخاديد الكبيرة والعميقة، تتمتع بدرجات حرارة أكثر اعتدالا في الصيف وتساقط الثلوج في الشتاء. هناك منتجعات التزلج على الثلج في مناطق فلاغستاف و ألباين وتوسون. بالإضافة إلى متنزه غراند كانيون الوطني، وهناك العديد من الغابات الوطنية، والحدائق الوطنية، والآثار الوطنية.

حوالي ربع مساحة الولاية  هي محميات هندية تشكل موطنا لسبع وعشرين قبيلة أمريكية أصلية معترف بها فدراليا، بما في ذلك أمة نافاجو، وهي أكبر قبيلة في الولاية وفي الولايات المتحدة، ومسجل بها أكثر من 300,000 مواطن. ورغم أن القانون الاتحادي منح جميع الأمريكيين الأصليين الحق في التصويت في عام 1924، استبعدت ولاية أريزونا أولئك الذين يعيشون في المحميات من التصويت حتى حكمت المحكمة العليا في عام 1948 لصالح المدعين الأمريكيين الأصليين.

تقع ولاية أريزونا في جنوب غرب الولايات المتحدة كواحده من ولايات الزوايا الأربع وهي سادس أكبر ولاية من حيث المساحة بعد نيومكسيكو وقبل نيفادا تشتهر ولاية أريزونا بمناخها الصحراوي، على نحو استثنائي فالصيف حار بها، والشتاء معتدل، ولكن يتميز شمال الولاية المرتفع بوجود غابات الصنوبر ومناطق جبلية ذات طقس أكثر برودة من منطقة الصحاري المنخفضة. اشارت الأرقام الاحصائية السكانية للعام الإحصائي المنتهي في 1 يوليو 2006 إلى أنً ولاية أريزونا كانت في ذلك الوقت هي الولاية الأسرع نمواً في الولايات المتحدة، وذلك يتجاوز النمو المسجل في الإحصاء السابق لولاية ولاية نيفادا والتي شغلت المنصب الثاني.كما تضم ولاية أريزونا أكبر نسبة من الإناث في الولايات المتحدة أكثر من أي ولاية أخرى. بلغ سكان أريزونا 6,000,000 والعاصمة هي فينكس. المدن الكبيرة في أريزونا هي فينكس وتوسن وميسة وتمبي. يوجد أيضا في أريزونا أراض للهنود الحمر، مثل النافاهو والهوبي. الطقس الأريزوني مشمس في أغلب الأحيان. السياحة والزراعة والتربية هي عماد إقصاد الولاية، وفي أراضي الهنود الحمر أصبحت كازينوهات القمار المصدر الرئيسي للدخل لمجلس القبيلة.

مصادر

https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7

Arizona

Arizona

Alĭ ṣonak Uto-Aztecan pronunciation:   is a state in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the Western and the Mountain states. It is the 6th largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona shares the Four Corners region with Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico; its other neighboring states are Nevada and California to the west and the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California to the south and southwest.

Arizona is the 48th state and last of the contiguous states to be admitted to the Union, achieving statehood on February 14, 1912. Historically part of the territory of Alta California in New Spain, it became part of independent Mexico in 1821. After being defeated in the Mexican–American War, Mexico ceded much of this territory to the United States in 1848. The southernmost portion of the state was acquired in 1853 through the Gadsden Purchase.

Southern Arizona is known for its desert climate, with very hot summers and mild winters. Northern Arizona features forests of pine, Douglas fir, and spruce trees; the Colorado Plateau; mountain ranges (such as the San Francisco Mountains); as well as large, deep canyons, with much more moderate summer temperatures and significant winter snowfalls. There are ski resorts in the areas of Flagstaff, Alpine, and Tucson. In addition to the internationally known Grand Canyon National Park, which is one of the world's seven natural wonders, there are several national forests, national parks, and national monuments.

About one-quarter of the state  is made up of Indian reservations that serve as the home of 27 federally recognized Native American tribes, including the Navajo Nation, the largest in the state and the United States, with more than 300,000 citizens. Although federal law gave all Native Americans the right to vote in 1924, Arizona excluded those living on reservations in the state from voting until the state Supreme Court ruled in favor of Native American plaintiffs in Trujillo v. Garley (1948)

The state's name appears to originate from an earlier Spanish name, Arizonac, derived from the O'odham name alĭ ṣonak, meaning "small spring", which initially applied only to an area near the silver mining camp of Planchas de Plata, Sonora.  To the European settlers, their pronunciation sounded like Arissona. The area is still known as alĭ ṣonak in the O'odham language. Another possible origin is the Basque phrase haritz ona ("the good oak"), as there were numerous Basque sheepherders in the area.  A native Mexican of Basque heritage established the ranchería (village) of Arizona between 1734 and 1736 in the current Mexican state of Sonora, which became notable after a significant discovery of silver there, c. 1737. 

There is a possible misconception that the state's name originated from the Spanish term Árida Zona ("Arid Zone")

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona

Ian Desmond

Ian Desmond

Ian Morgan Desmond (born September 20, 1985) is an American professional baseball infielder and outfielder for the Colorado Rockies of Major League Baseball (MLB). He previously played for the Washington Nationals and Texas Rangers. Desmond is a three-time Silver Slugger Award winner and a two-time MLB All-Star. While primarily a shortstop early in his career, Desmond began playing primarily left field, center field, and first base starting in 2016.

The Montreal Expos selected Desmond in the third round of the 2004 MLB draft (84th overall). Desmond batted .227 with one home run and 27 RBIs for the Gulf Coast League Expos in 2004. He was second in the Gulf Coast League with 216 at-bats and fifth in stolen bases with 13. He had a .250 batting average with one home run and one RBI in four games for the Class-A short-season Vermont Expos.

In 2005, Desmond batted .247 with four home runs and 23 RBIs in 73 games for Class-A Savannah Sand Gnats. He added a career-high 20 stolen bases. Desmond had a .256 batting average with three home runs and 15 RBIs in 55 games for the Class-A Advanced Potomac Nationals of the Carolina League. At season's end, he was named the best defensive shortstop in the South Atlantic League (SAL) in Baseball America's top tools survey of league managers. He was ranked as the 19th best prospect in the SAL by Baseball America.

In 2006, Desmond batted .244 with a career-high nine home runs and 45 RBIs for Potomac. He scored 50 runs and had 20 doubles in 92 games. He had a .182 batting average with no home runs and three RBIs for the Double-A Harrisburg Senators.

Desmond spent the 2007 season with Potomac and set career highs in home runs with 14, average with a .264 clip, on-base percentage with a .357 clip and doubles with 30. Desmond slugged his first homer of the season on April 17. He went 3-for-5 with a home run, double, three RBIs and scored twice on April 20. He homered in consecutive games on July 28–29 and August 12–13.

In 2008, Desmond played for Harrisburg and started the year there in 2009. In his three months there, he batted .306 and, in June, was promoted to the Triple-A Syracuse Chiefs. In 55 games with the Chiefs, he batted .354.  After the minor league season ended, he was called up to the Nationals.

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Desmond

Carl Reiner

Carl Reiner

Carl Reiner (March 20, 1922 – June 29, 2020) was an American comedian, actor, director, screenwriter, and publisher whose career spanned seven decades. During the early years of television comedy from 1950 to 1957, he co-wrote and acted on Caesar's Hour and Your Show of Shows, starring Sid Caesar. In the 1960s, Reiner was best known as the creator, producer, writer, and actor on The Dick Van Dyke Show 

Reiner famously formed a comedy duo with Mel Brooks in "2000 Year Old Man" and acted in films such as It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad, World (1963), The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming (1966) and the Ocean's film series (2001–2007). He also had great success as a film director and writer and in the 1970s and 1980s. He co-wrote and directed some of Steve Martin's most successful films, including The Jerk (1979), and also directed notable comedies such as Where's Poppa? (1970), Oh, God! (1977), and All of Me (1984). Over his long and distinguished career, Reiner won many awards and honors including nine Emmy Awards , one Grammy Award, and The Mark Twain Prize for American Humor. He was the father of actor and director Rob Reiner, author Annie Reiner, and artist Lucas Reiner, and the grandfather of Tracy Reiner.

Reiner was born in The Bronx, New York, on March 20, 1922, to Irving, a watchmaker, and Bessie (née Mathias) Reiner.  His parents were Jewish immigrants; his father was from Austria and his mother was from Romania.  His older brother Charlie served in the 9th Division in World War II and his ashes are buried at Arlington National Cemetery.  At age 16, Charlie read in the New York Daily News about a free dramatic workshop being put on by the Works Progress Administration and told Carl about it (he would later credit Charlie with having changed his career plans). His uncle Harry Mathias was the first entertainer in his family; he had previously been working as a machinist, repairing sewing machines.

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Reiner

Mobile Legends

Mobile Legends

Mobile Legends: Bang Bang (Chinese: 无尽对决; pinyin: wújìn duìjié )  is a mobile multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) developed and published by Moonton. Released in 2016, the game has become popular in Southeast Asia and was among the games chosen for the first medal event esports competition at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in the Philippines.

In July 2018, Tencent on behalf of Riot Games won a lawsuit in Shanghai against Moonton CEO Watson Xu Zhenhua for Mobile Legends' plagiarism of League of Legends, and was awarded a settlement of $2.9 million.

Mobile Legends: Bang Bang is a multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) game designed for mobile phones. The two opposing teams fight to reach and destroy the enemy's base while defending their own base for control of a path, the three "lanes" known as "top", "middle" and "bottom", which connects the bases.  Weaker computer-controlled characters, called "minions", spawn at team bases and follow the three lanes to the opposite team's base, fighting enemies and turrets.  

In each team, there are five players who each control a character, known as a "hero" using analog/joystick controls. Heroes can be grouped into 6 different roles, Marksman, Assassin, Mage, Support, Fighter and Tank.

Additionally, Mobile Legends: Bang Bang have different kind of arcade games, featuring different gameplay mechanic respectively, such as:

Survival, a battle royale game mode

Chess-TD, a tower defense game mode

Magic Chess, an auto battler game mode

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_Legends:_Bang_Bang

Doctors Day

Doctors Day

National Doctors' Day is a day celebrated to recognize the contributions of physicians to individual lives and communities. The date may vary from nation to nation depending on the event of commemoration used to mark the day. In some nations the day is marked as a holiday. Although supposed to be celebrated by patients in and benefactors of the healthcare industry it is usually celebrated by health care organizations. Staff may organize a lunch for doctors to present the physicians with tokens of recognition. Historically, a card or red carnation may be sent to physicians and their spouses, along with a flower being placed on the graves of deceased physicians

In Australia, there are various dates on which National Doctor’s Day may be recognized, the most participated being the 30th of March.  Tradition the apostle and Evangelist Saint Luke was a doctor, as it is written in the New Testament (Colossians 4:14). Taylor Caldwell's novel "Dear and Glorious Physician: A Novel about Saint Luke" is a historic romance that describes Saint Luke both as a physician and an apostle.

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Doctors%27_Day

Snapchat

Snapchat

Snapchat is a multimedia messaging app developed by Snap Inc., originally Snapchat Inc. One of the principal features of Snapchat is that pictures and messages are usually only available for a short time before they become inaccessible to their recipients. The app has evolved from originally focusing on person-to-person photo sharing to presently featuring users' "Stories" of 24 hours of chronological content, along with "Discover," letting brands show ad-supported short-form content. It also allows users to keep photos in the "my eyes only" which lets them keep their photos in a password-protected space. It has also reportedly incorporated limited use of end-to-end encryption, with plans to broaden its use in the future.

Snapchat was created by Evan Spiegel, Bobby Murphy, and Reggie Brown,  former students at Stanford University. It has become known for representing a new, mobile-first direction for social media, and places significant emphasis on users interacting with virtual stickers and augmented reality objects. As of March 2020, Snapchat had 229 million daily active users.  On average more than 4 billion Snaps are sent each day.[9] Snapchat is known to be popular among the younger generations, particularly those below the age of 16, leading to many privacy concerns for parents.

According to documents and deposition statements, Reggie Brown brought the idea for a disappearing pictures application to Evan Spiegel because Spiegel had prior business experience. Brown and Spiegel then pulled in Bobby Murphy, who had experience coding. The three worked closely together for several months and launched Snapchat as "Picaboo" on the iOS operating system on July 8, 2011.  Reggie Brown was ousted from the company months after it was launched. 

The app was relaunched as Snapchat in September 2011, and the team focused on usability and technical aspects, rather than branding efforts. One exception was the decision to keep a mascot designed by Brown, "Ghostface Chillah," named after Ghostface Killah of the hip-hop group Wu-Tang Clan. 

On May 8, 2012, Reggie Brown sent an email to Evan Spiegel during their senior year at Stanford, in which he offered to re-negotiate his equitable share regarding ownership of the company. Lawyers for Snapchat responded by insisting that he had never had any creative connection to the product. The attorneys also accused Brown of committing fraud against Spiegel and Murphy by falsely claiming to be a product inventor. On behalf of their clients, the law firm concluded that Reggie Brown had made no contributions of value or worth, and was therefore entitled to a share of nothing.  In September 2014, Brown settled with Spiegel and Murphy for $157.5 million  and was credited as one of the original authors of Snapchat. 

In their first blog post, dated May 9, 2012, CEO Evan Spiegel described the company's mission: "Snapchat isn’t about capturing the traditional Kodak moment. It’s about communicating with the full range of human emotion — not just what appears to be pretty or perfect."  He presented Snapchat as the solution to stresses caused by the longevity of personal information on social media, evidenced by "emergency detagging of Facebook photos before job interviews and photoshopping blemishes out of candid shots before they hit the internet.

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat