فريدا كاهلو

فريدا كاهلو

فريدا كاهلو (بالإنجليزية: Frida Kahlo)‏ رسامة شهيرة ولدت في أحد ضواحي كويوكان، المكسيك في 06 يوليو، 1907 وتوفيت في 13 يوليو، 1954 في نفس المدينة.

أبوها مهاجر يهودي ألماني وأمها من أصل مكسيكي. في السادسة من عمرها، تعرّضت لمرض وأصيبت بشلل الأطفال فتأذت رجلها اليمنى، وخلّف ذلك عوقاً بساقها مما ترك ذلك العوق أثراً نفسياً سيئاً عليها لفترة طويلة من حياتها، لم ترتدِ الفستان في حياتها إلاّ مع الجوارب الصوفية في الصيف كي تخفي أعاقتها.

تعرضت عام 1925 إلى حادث باص كان يقلّها إلى منزلها وعلى أثر الحادث، اضطرت إلى التمدد على ظهرها من دون حراك لمدة سنة كاملة. عملت والدتها على راحتها طوال تلك السنة، ووضعت لها سريراً متنقلاً ومرآة ضخمة في سقف الغرفة، فكانت وحيدة وجهاً لوجه مع ذاتها طوال النهار، فطلبت ريشة وألواناً وأوراقاً لترسم، وراحت تنقل صورتها يومياً واكتشفت بذلك حبها بل شغفها بالرسم. فريدا لم تدرس الرسم أكاديمياً إلا أنها كانت قد تلقّت بعض الدروس الخصوصية على يد أحد الأساتذة، ولكنها استطاعت عبر لوحاتها أن تجعل المتلقي يرى الألم أرضاً واقعية.. حياً قبيحاً قاتلاً ومعوقاً.. وليس ألماً قدسياً ماوياً مطهراً.

محور أعمالها الواقع والقدر، إذ نبع ذلك من تجربتها الخاصة في المعاناة، وكان الرسم المتنفس الوحيد لآلامها وعذاباتها وقدرها التعس، والمعاناة جعلت تجربتها الخاصة منبعاً للخيال، ولم يكن ذلك إلغاء للواقع للوصول إلى مملكة الخيال، إذ ان لوحاتها كانت واقعية قابلة الفهم غير مستعصية الإدراك، وفيها الكثير من التوثيقية والتقريرية وواضحة حتى للمشاهد البسيط.

مراجع

https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%84%D9%88

Frida Kahlo

Frida Kahlo

Frida Kahlo (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈfɾiða ˈkalo]; born Magdalena Carmen Frida Kahlo y Calderón; 6 July 1907 – 13 July 1954)  was a Mexican painter known for her many portraits, self-portraits, and works inspired by the nature and artifacts of Mexico. Inspired by the country's popular culture, she employed a naïve folk art style to explore questions of identity, postcolonialism, gender, class, and race in Mexican society.  Her paintings often had strong autobiographical elements and mixed realism with fantasy. In addition to belonging to the post-revolutionary Mexicayotl movement, which sought to define a Mexican identity, Kahlo has been described as a surrealist or magical realist. 

Born to a German father and a mestiza mother, Kahlo spent most of her childhood and adult life at La Casa Azul, her family home in Coyoacán—now publicly accessible as the Frida Kahlo Museum. Although she was disabled by polio as a child, Kahlo had been a promising student headed for medical school until she suffered a bus accident at the age of eighteen, which caused her lifelong pain and medical problems. During her recovery she returned to her childhood hobby of art with the idea of becoming an artist.

Kahlo's interests in politics and art led her to join the Mexican Communist Party in 1927,  through which she met fellow Mexican artist Diego Rivera. The couple married in 1929,  and spent the late 1920s and early 1930s travelling in Mexico and the United States together. During this time, she developed her artistic style, drawing her main inspiration from Mexican folk culture, and painted mostly small self-portraits which mixed elements from pre-Columbian and Catholic beliefs. Her paintings raised the interest of Surrealist artist André Breton, who arranged for Kahlo's first solo exhibition at the Julien Levy Gallery in New York in 1938; the exhibition was a success, and was followed by another in Paris in 1939. While the French exhibition was less successful, the Louvre purchased a painting from Kahlo, The Frame, making her the first Mexican artist to be featured in their collection.  Throughout the 1940s, Kahlo participated in exhibitions in Mexico and the United States and worked as an art teacher. She taught at the Escuela Nacional de Pintura, Escultura y Grabado ("La Esmeralda") and was a founding member of the Seminario de Cultura Mexicana. Kahlo's always-fragile health began to decline in the same decade. She had her first solo exhibition in Mexico in 1953, shortly before her death in 1954 at the age of 47.

Kahlo's work as an artist remained relatively unknown until the late 1970s, when her work was rediscovered by art historians and political activists. By the early 1990s, she had become not only a recognized figure in art history, but also regarded as an icon for Chicanos, the feminism movement and the LGBTQ+ movement. Kahlo's work has been celebrated internationally as emblematic of Mexican national and indigenous traditions and by feminists for what is seen as its uncompromising depiction of the female experience and form. 

Kahlo enjoyed art from an early age, receiving drawing instruction from printmaker Fernando Fernández (who was her father's friend)  and filling notebooks with sketches.  In 1925, she began to work outside of school to help her family.  After briefly working as a stenographer, she became a paid engraving apprentice for Fernández.  He was impressed by her talent,  although she did not consider art as a career at this time. 

After a bus accident in 1925 left Kahlo unable to walk for three months, Kahlo began to paint in order to pass the time.  She started to consider a career as a medical illustrator, as well, which would combine her interests in science and art. Her mother provided her with a specially-made easel, which enabled her to paint in bed, and her father lent her some of his oil paints. She had a mirror placed above the easel, so that she could see herself.  Painting became a way for Kahlo to explore questions of identity and existence.  She explained, "I paint myself because I am often alone and I am the subject I know best."  She later stated that the accident and the isolating recovery period made her desire "to begin again, painting things just as [she] saw them with [her] own eyes and nothing more." 

Most of the paintings Kahlo made during this time were portraits of herself, her sisters, and her schoolfriends.  Her early paintings and correspondence show that she drew inspiration especially from European artists, in particular Renaissance masters such as Sandro Botticelli and Bronzino  and from avant-garde movements such as Neue Sachlichkeit and Cubism. 

On moving to Morelos in 1929 with her husband Rivera, Kahlo was inspired by the city of Cuernavaca where they lived.  She changed her artistic style and increasingly drew inspiration from Mexican folk art.  Art historian Andrea Kettenmann states that she may have been influenced by Adolfo Best Maugard's treatise on the subject, for she incorporated many of the characteristics that he outlined—for example, the lack of perspective and the combining of elements from pre-Columbian and colonial periods of Mexican art.  Her identification with La Raza, the people of Mexico, and her profound interest in its culture remained important facets of her art throughout the rest of her life. 

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frida_Kahlo

Mandy Moore

Mandy Moore

Amanda Leigh Moore (born April 10, 1984) is an American singer, songwriter and actress. She rose to fame with her debut single "Candy", which peaked at number 41 on the Billboard Hot 100. Her debut studio album, So Real (1999), received a platinum certification from the RIAA. The title single from her second studio album, I Wanna Be With You (2000), became Moore's first top 30 song in the U.S., peaking at number 24 on the Hot 100. Moore subsequently released the studio albums Mandy Moore (2001), Coverage (2003), Wild Hope (2007), Amanda Leigh (2009) and Silver Landings (2020).

Moore made her feature film debut in 2001, with a minor voice role in the comedy film Dr. Dolittle 2, before starring as Lana Thomas in the comedy film The Princess Diaries. She received recognition for her starring role as Jamie Sullivan in the romantic drama film A Walk to Remember (2002), and starred in the films Chasing Liberty (2004), Racing Stripes (2005), Because I Said So (2007), License to Wed (2007), Love, Wedding, Marriage (2011), 47 Meters Down (2017), The Darkest Minds (2018), and Midway (2019). Moore also voiced Princess Rapunzel in the Disney animated fantasy musical comedy film Tangled (2010), the short film Tangled Ever After (2012), the Disney Channel television film, Tangled: Before Ever After (2017), and the series Tangled: The Series (2017–2020).

Since 2016, Moore has starred as Rebecca Pearson in the NBC family comedy-drama series This Is Us. For her performance, she was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress and the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series, and won two Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series. In 2019, Moore was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

Moore was born on April 10, 1984, in Nashua, New Hampshire, to Stacy (née Friedman), a former news reporter who once worked for the Orlando Sentinel, and Donald Moore, a pilot for American Airlines. Moore was raised Catholic, but has since developed a "hodgepodge of things" that she believes.  Moore is of Russian-Jewish (from her maternal grandfather), English, Scottish and Irish descent.  She is the middle of three children with an older brother, Scott and a younger brother, Kyle.  When Moore was two months old, she and her family moved to Longwood, Seminole County, Florida, outside of Orlando, because of her father's job. There, she went on to meet her longtime boyfriend David Stater. She went to Bishop Moore Catholic High School in Orlando from 1998 to 1999.

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandy_Moore

Postmates

Postmates

Postmates is an American company that offers local delivery of restaurant-prepared meals and other goods. As of February 2019, Postmates operates in 2,940 U.S. cities. 

The service relies on mobile phone applications and their Global Positioning System capabilities to match inventories and consumer demand. 

Launched in 2011, Postmates is one of many on-demand delivery companies in the United States providing delivery from restaurants and stores that previously did not offer goods delivery.

Postmates is an example of an on-demand company. Postmates co-founder Bastian Lehmann calls the company "anti-Amazon". 

On July 6, 2020, Uber announced it would buy Postmates for $2.65 billion dollars. 

Postmates was founded in 2011 by Bastian Lehmann, Sean Plaice, and Sam Street and is headquartered in San Francisco, California.  Postmates was part of Angelpad's first accelerator cohort. . Postmates early investors include from Uncork Capital, Russell Cook, Naval Ravikant, Matrix Partners, David Wu, AngelPad, Thomas Korte, Carine Magescas and Andy McLoughlin. 

In December 2014, Postmates opened its application programming interface to merchants to allow small businesses to compete for delivery of consumer goods with larger companies such as Amazon. In the same month, the company announced that it had completed its millionth delivery and that it had over 6,000 drivers in its network. 

In June 2015, Postmates announced that it had surpassed 2.5 million deliveries across 28 markets and expanded its fleet to 13,000 couriers. 

In September 2015, Postmates updated the app, which added the ability to track delivery, gift meals to others, and the estimated delivery time. 

In November 2017, Postmates launched service in Mexico City, its first location outside the United States.  It ceased operations in the country in December 2019, citing a lack of growth and desire to focus more on the U.S. market. 

In 2018, Postmates launched service in 134 new cities in the United States, bringing its total number of cities in the United States up to 550. 

In September 2018, Postmates announced that it has raised $300 million in additional funding led by Tiger Global Management.  Fortune reported that the deal valued Postmates at $1.2 billion. 

On December 13, 2018, Postmates unveiled Serve, its internally developed autonomous delivery rover. 

In January 2019, Postmates raised $100 million investment by BlackRock together with Spark Capital, Founders Fund, Uncork Capital, and Slow Ventures. The total valuation of the company reached $1.85 billion. 

In May 2019, Postmates changed its pay structure for delivery workers, removing a $4-per-job minimum pay guarantee, changing the base rate per job, and changing the per-mile rate in some markets. Working Washington, a labor activism group affiliated with the SEIU labor union, urged couriers to refuse jobs with Postmates. The company defended its modified pay structure, citing improved efficiencies and its policy of allowing workers to keep all tips without counting them against other compensation

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postmates

Shiv (weapon)

Shiv (weapon)

Shiv, also chiv, schiv and shivvie, is a homemade knife-like weapon, especially one fashioned in prison. The word is almost certainly evolved from 17th-century "chive" (knife). The related verb shiv means "to stab someone", a shivver being a criminal who attacks victims with a knife.  An improvised prison knife is also often called a shank.

The word is prison slang for an improvised knife. A shiv can be anything from a glass shard with fabric wrapped around one end to form a handle, to a razor blade stuck in the end of a toothbrush.

In the 1950s, British criminal Billy Hill described his use of the shiv:

I was always careful to draw my knife down on the face, never across or upwards. Always down. So that if the knife slips you don't cut an artery. After all, chivving is chivving, but cutting an artery is usually murder. Only mugs do murder. 

In the Federal Bureau of Prisons, weapons, sharpened instruments, and knives are considered contraband and their possession is punishable as a greatest severity level prohibited act.

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiv_(weapon)

Om namah shivay

Om namah shivay

Om Namah Shivaya (Devanagari: ॐ नमः शिवाय;  IAST: Om Namaḥ Śivāya) is one of the most popular Hindu mantra and the most important mantra in Shaivism. Namah Shivaya means "O salutations to the auspicious one!", or “adoration to Lord Shiva", or "universal consciousness is one". It is called Siva Panchakshara, or Shiva Panchakshara or simply Panchakshara meaning the "five-syllable" mantra (viz., excluding the Om) and is dedicated to Lord Shiva. This Mantra appears as 'Na' 'Ma' 'Śi' 'Vā' and 'Ya' in the Shri Rudram hymn which is a part of the Krishna Yajurveda[2] and also in the Rudrashtadhyayi which is a part of the Shukla Yajurveda.

This mantra is present in the Shri Rudram hymn which is part of the Krishna Yajurveda.[3] Shri Rudram hymn is taken from two chapters in fourth book of Taittiriya Samhita (TS 4.5, 4.7) of Krishna Yajurveda. Each chapter consist of eleven anuvaka or hymns. Name of both chapters are Namakam (chapter five) and Chamakam (chapter seven) respectively.[4] The mantra appears without the initial Om in the eighth hymn of Namakam(TS 4.5.8.1) as Namaḥ śivāya ca śivatarāya ca (Sanskrit: नमः शिवाय च शिवतराय च). This means "Salutations unto Śiva the auspicious one, unto Śivatara the one than whom none more auspicious can exist". 

This mantra also appears in the Rudrashtadhyayi, a part of the Shukla Yajurveda. In the Rudrashtadhyayi, the mantra appears in the 5th chapter (also known as Namakam) verse 41. 

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Om_Namah_Shivaya

Mahadev

Mahadev

Devon Ke Dev... Mahadev (English: Lord of the Lords... Mahadev) often abbreviated as "DKDM", is a mythological drama series based on the Hindu god Lord Shiva, also known as Mahadev.  It premiered on 18 December 2011 airing Monday through Friday nights on Life OK. The show ran until 14 December 2014 for a total of 820 episodes. 

The show was re-aired on Star Bharat from 5 August 2018 to 24 November 2019 on Sunday nights.

Again, during Coronavirus lockdown re-aired on Star Bharat since 17 March 2020 to 11 June 2020 and on Star Plus since 14 April 2020. The show also aired on newly launched channel Shemaroo TV, 1 May 2020 onwards.

The show's plot revolve around the story of Lord Shiva. This mesmerising story of Lord Shiva and his all avatar, traces his journey from being an ascetic to a family-man.

During the creation of world in by Lord Brahma, Adi Shakti leaves Shiva from his Ardhanarishvara form. So to shape the universe she takes various births to marry Shiva but failed 106 times due to which Shiva becomes an ascetic. Hence Lord Brahma suggests his mind-born son Prajapati Daksh to please Adi Shakti and ask her to incarnate as his daughter.

She takes birth as Daksh's daughter Sati. Meanwhile Shiva cuts Brahma's fifth head making Daksh hate him. Sati falls for Shiva and finally marry him, much to Daksh's dismay. Hence, Daksh humiliates Shiva in front of Sati in his yagna. Sati being unable to tolerate this, sacrifices her life once again. So, Shiva orders Virabhadra to behead Daksh but later revive him on Prasuti's request and Shiva goes into deep meditation for centuries.

Adi Shakti, later incarnates as Parvati, daughter of Himalayas who meditates for 3000 years to please Mahadev to marry her. And finally Mahadev and Parvati marries. Later, Mahadev imparts some tantric knowledge to Parvati that helps her to take various forms like Nav Durga (Shailaputri, Brahmacharini, Chandraghanta, Kushmanda, Skandamata, Katyayani, Kaalratri, Mahagauri and Siddhidhatri); Mahavidyas (Kali, Tara, Tripura Sundari, Bhuvaneshvari, Tripura Bhairavi, Chhinnamasta, Dhumavati, Bagalamukhi, Matangi and Kamala) and Matrikas (Brahmani, Vaishnavi, Maheshvari, Indrani, Kaumari, Varahi, Chamunda, Narasimhi, Vinayaki) to destroy various demons like Raktabija, Mahishasura, Shumbha Nishumbha, Chanda Munda, Durgmasura, Arunasura, Banasura etc. Later, Shiva and Parvati extends their family to Karthikeyan and Ganesha.

The show also includes various forms of Mahadev including Virabhadra, Swami Adiyogi, Aghori, Bhoothnath, Vaidynaath, Bhairav, Rishabh, Pashupatinath, Kaal Bhairav, Baba Lokhnath, Shambhu, Nat Bhairav, Natraja, Martand etc in order to maintain sustainability in the universe, teaching humans moral values and slaying various asuras like Jalandhara, Andhak, Apasmarg, Vritrasura, Bhasmasura, Tripura, Shankachura, Nigaas etc. The show also covers various folk stories of Lord Shiva to teach people moral values and way to reach moksha in the Kali Yuga. The supreme God protects common people from the evil demons and uncompassionate rulers by taking various avatars in human form. A detailed description of Lord Shiva's story and folk tales is shown in a breathtakingly beautiful manner. The story of twelve Jyotirlinga is also shown completely.

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devon_Ke_Dev...Mahadev