البورصة المصرية

بورصتا القاهرة والإسكندرية أو البورصة المصرية "CASE" هي مؤسسة تضم بورصة القاهرة وبورصة الإسكندرية في مصر. وتدار كلتاهما من نفس المدراء ويتشاركان في نفس المعاملات التجارية، أي أنهما مؤسسة واحدة لكن في موقعين منفصلين. ولقد تأسست بورصة الأسكندرية في عام 1883، في حين تأسست بورصة القاهرة في عام 1903.

في عام 1907 احتلت بورصتي القاهرة والإسكندرية المرتبة الخامسة عالمياً من حيث المعاملات وقيمة التداول، حيث بلغ عدد الشركات المتداولة في بورصة القاهرة 228 شركة، بإجمالي رأس مال قيمته 91 مليون جنيه مصري في ذلك الوقت. وفي الأربعينيات أحتفظت البورصتان مجتمعتان بالمركز الرابع عالمياً لكن الاقتصاد المركزي والسياسات الاشتراكية للدولة المصرية بدءاً من أواسط الخمسينيات أدت بالبورصة المصرية لأن تكون في حالة من الجمود ما بين عامي 1961 و1992.

وفي مرحلة التسعينيات بدأت الحكومة المصرية برنامجاً لإصلاح الاقتصاد المصري وخصخصة الشركات الخاسرة التابعة للدولة. ما أستلزم عودة البورصة المصرية إلى النشاط مجدداً.

مصادر

https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B5%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9

 ابراهيم الشرقاوي

إبراهيم الشرقاوي (3 أبريل 1948 - 9 أغسطس 2020) هو ممثل مصري، عمل في الإذاعة والتلفزيون والمسرح، شارك في العديد من الأعمال خاصة في فترة الثمانينات من القرن العشرين، قبل أن يبتعد عن الساحة الفنية في أواخر التسعينيات، من أبرز أعماله (الحرافيش، الهلفوت، النمر والأنثى).

من مواليد 28 يوليو عام 1948 حاصل على بكالوريوس فنون مسرحية، تخرج من معهد الفنون المسرحية دفعة عام 1975 ومن أبرز أعضاء دفعته فاروق الفيشاوي، ومحمود مسعود، ووجدي العربي.

التحق إبراهيم فور تخرجه وإنهاء فترة تجنيده بفرقة "المسرح القومي"، وشارك في بطولة بعض المسرحيات الجادة، من أبرزها "الفارس والأسيرة" التي قام ببطولتها نور الشريف، وفردوس عبد الحميد، كما شارك في مسرحية "مجنون ليلي"، وقد جذبت هذه الأدوار المسرحية انتباه المخرجين السينمائيين والتلفزيونيين إلي موهبته.

مراجع

https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A

 Keiynan Lonsdale

Keiynan Lonsdale (born 19 December 1991) is an Australian actor, dancer, and singer-songwriter. He is known for roles such as Oliver Lloyd on the ABC series Dance Academy (2012–2013) and Wally West / Kid Flash on The CW series The Flash (2015–2020) and Legends of Tomorrow (2017–2018); and for film roles in The Divergent Series: Insurgent (2015), The Finest Hours (2016), and Love, Simon (2018). He has also worked as an MTV VJ, and released original music recordings.

Lonsdale was born in Sydney to a Nigerian father of Edo descent and an Australian mother of Irish and Danish descent. He is the youngest of six children on his mother's side, with three brothers and two sisters, and one of seven from his father's side; in total he has eleven siblings

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keiynan_Lonsdale

 International Cat Day

International Cat Day is a celebration which takes place on August 8 of every year. It was created in 2002 by the International Fund for Animal Welfare. 

International Cat Day is also referred to as World Cat Day in some countries and since its inception, it has been growing worldwide  While most countries now observe this unofficial holiday on August 8th, Russia celebrates National Cat Day on March 1  and the U.S. celebrate both International Cat Day and their own National Cat Day on October 29th.

International Cat Day is a day to raise awareness for cats and learn about ways to help and protect them. Cat Day is another unofficial Cat Holiday observed on February 22, that originated in Japan and has become a social media sensation and is growing worldwide as people across the globe share their cat pictures and videos. 

In 2020 custodianship of International Cat Day passed to International Cat Care, a not-for-profit (charitable) organization that has been striving to improve the health and welfare of domestic cats worldwide since 1958.

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Cat_Day

 West Nile Virus

West Nile virus (WNV) is a single-stranded RNA virus that causes West Nile fever. It is a member of the family Flaviviridae, specifically from the genus Flavivirus, which also contains the Zika virus, dengue virus, and yellow fever virus. West Nile virus is primarily transmitted by mosquitoes, mostly species of Culex. The primary hosts of WNV are birds, so that the virus remains within a "bird–mosquito–bird" transmission cycle.

Like most other flaviviruses, WNV is an enveloped virus with icosahedral symmetry. Image reconstructions and cryoelectron microscopy reveal a 45–50 nm virion covered with a relatively smooth protein shell; this structure is similar to the dengue fever virus, another Flavivirus.  The protein shell is made of two structural proteins: the glycoprotein E and the small membrane protein M.  Protein E has numerous functions including receptor binding, viral attachment, and entry into the cell through membrane fusion. 

The outer protein shell is covered by a host-derived lipid membrane, the viral envelope. The flavivirus lipid membrane has been found to contain cholesterol and phosphatidylserine, but other elements of the membrane have yet to be identified  The lipid membrane has many roles in viral infection, including acting as signaling molecules and enhancing entry into the cell.  Cholesterol, in particular, plays an integral part in WNV entering a host cell.  The two viral envelope proteins, E and M, are inserted into the membrane. 

The RNA genome is bound to capsid (C) proteins, which are 105 amino-acid residues long, to form the nucleocapsid. The capsid proteins are one of the first proteins created in an infected cell;  the capsid protein is a structural protein whose main purpose is to package RNA into the developing viruses.  The capsid has been found to prevent apoptosis by affecting the Akt pathway.

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Nile_virus

 Hockey

Hockey is a sport in which two teams play against each other by trying to manoeuvre a ball or a puck into the opponent's goal using a hockey stick. There are many types of hockey such as bandy, field hockey, ice hockey and rink hockey.

In most of the world, the term hockey by itself refers to field hockey, while in Canada, the United States, Russia and most of Eastern and Northern Europe, the term usually refers to ice hockey.

The first recorded use of the word hockey is in the 1773 book Juvenile Sports and Pastimes, to Which Are Prefixed, Memoirs of the Author: Including a New Mode of Infant Education by Richard Johnson (Pseud. Master Michel Angelo), whose chapter XI was titled "New Improvements on the Game of Hockey".  The belief that hockey was mentioned in a 1363 proclamation by King Edward III of England is based on modern translations of the proclamation, which was originally in Latin and explicitly forbade the games "Pilam Manualem, Pedivam, & Bacularem: & ad Canibucam & Gallorum Pugnam". The English historian and biographer John Strype did not use the word "hockey" when he translated the proclamation in 1720, instead translating "Canibucam" as "Cambuck"; this may have referred to either an early form of hockey or a game more similar to golf or croquet. 

The word hockey itself is of unknown origin. One supposition is that it is a derivative of hoquet, a Middle French word for a shepherd's stave. The curved, or "hooked" ends of the sticks used for hockey would indeed have resembled these staves. Another supposition derives from the known use of cork bungs, (stoppers) in place of wooden balls to play the game. The stoppers came from barrels containing "hock" ale, also called "hocky"

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hockey

 جانيوري جونز

جانيوري جونز (بالإنجليزية: January Jones)‏ (ولدت في 5 يناير/ كانون الثاني 1978) هي ممثلة وعارضة أزياء أمريكية. معروفة بدور بيتي دريبر في مسلسل الدراما ماد من وإيما فروست في فيلم رجال-إكس: الدرجة الأولى.

ولدت جانيوري جونز في الخامس من يناير/ كانون الثاني عام 1978، بسيوكس فولز بولاية ساوث داكوتا،لأم تدعى كارين كانت تدير متجرًا لبيع الأدوات الرياضية، وأب يدعى مارفن جونز ويعمل مدرب لياقة بدنية ومدير مركز رياضي. سميت على اسم أحد شخصيات رواية "واحدة لا تكفي". لديها شقيقتين - جيسي وجينا.

مراجع

https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B2