جنكيز خان

جنكيز خان (بالمنغولية: Чингис Хаан) ‏ (1165 - 1227م) . وهو مؤسس وإمبراطور الإمبراطورية المغولية والتي اعتبرت أضخم إمبراطورية في التاريخ ككتلة واحدة بعد وفاته، توسعت بعد أن قتل الملايين من سكان البلاد التي يحتلها، وقد ارتكب مجازر كبيرة بحق المسلمين. وبرز بعد توحيده عدة قبائل رحل لشمال شرق آسيا. فبعد إنشائه إمبراطورية المغول وتسميته "بجنكيز خان" بدأ بحملاته العسكرية  فهاجم خانات قراخيطان والقوقاز والدولة الخوارزمية وزيا الغربية وإمبراطورية جين. وفي نهاية حياته كانت إمبراطوريته قد احتلت جزءا ضخما من أواسط آسيا والصين.

كان رجلاً سفاكًا للدماء، وكان كذلك قائدًا عسكريًّا شديد البأس، وكانت له القدرة على تجميع الناس حوله، وبدأ في التوسع تدريجيًّا في المناطق المحيطة به، وسرعان ما اتسعت مملكته حتى بلغت حدودها من كوريا شرقًا إلى حدود الدولة الخوارزمية الإسلامية غربًا، ومن سهول سيبريا شمالاً إلى بحر الصين جنوبًا، أي أنها كانت تضم من دول العالم حاليًا: (الصين ومنغوليا وفيتنام وكوريا وتايلاند وأجزاء من سيبيريا، إلى جانب مملكة لاوس وميانمار ونيبال وبوتان)!!

وقبل أن يتوفى جنكيز خان أوصى أن يكون خليفته هو أوقطاي خان وقسم إمبراطوريته إلى خانات بين أبنائه وأحفاده. وقد توفي سنة 1227 بعد أن هزم التانجوت  وقد دفن في قبر مجهول  لايعرف بالضبط أين مكانه في منغوليا. وبدأ أحفاده بتوسيع إمبراطوريتهم خلال أرجاء أوراسيا من خلال احتلال و/أو إنشاء ممالك تابعة لهم داخل الصين الحالية وكوريا والقوقاز وممالك آسيا الوسطى، وأجزاء ضخمة من أوروبا الشرقية والشرق الأوسط.

إلى جانب إنجازاته العسكرية الضخمة، فجنكيز خان جعل الإمبراطورية المغولية تتطور في وسائل أخرى. حيث أنه أصدر مرسوماً باعتماد الأبجدية الأويغورية كنظام الكتابة في الامبراطورية المغولية. لقد شجع أيضا التسامح الديني داخل إمبراطوريته، وأنشأ إمبراطورية موحدة من قبائل شمال شرق آسيا الرحل. ويكن له المغول الحاليون شديد الاحترام ويعتبرونه الأب المؤسس لدولة منغوليا.

جنكيز خان' بالمنغولية: Чингис Хаан، (تكتب الصينية: 成吉思汗 وتهجئتها بطريقة پن ين pinyin هي: cheng1 ji1 si1 kang1)، أو تيموجن (بالصينية: 鐵木真 ، وهجاؤها بطريقة پن ين pinyin هو: Temüjin "جنكيز خان" كلمة تعني: قاهر العالم، أو ملك ملوك العالم، أو القوي، حسب الترجمات المختلفة للغة المنغولية، واسمه الأصلي "تيموجين" أو "تيموغين".

المصادر

https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86

 Genghis Khan

Genghis Khan  (born Temüjin Borjigin,[note 1] c. 1155 – c. 1162 – August 18, 1227), also officially Genghis Emperor,  was the founder and first Great Khan and Emperor of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death. He came to power by uniting many of the nomadic tribes of Northeast Asia. After founding the Empire and being proclaimed Genghis Khan, meaning Universal ruler, he launched the Mongol invasions that conquered most of Eurasia, reaching as far west as Poland and the Levant in the Middle East. Campaigns initiated in his lifetime include those against the Qara Khitai, Khwarezmia, and the Western Xia and Jin dynasties, and raids into Medieval Georgia, the Kievan Rus', and Volga Bulgaria. These campaigns were often accompanied by large-scale massacres of the civilian populations, especially in the Khwarazmian- and Western Xia–controlled lands. Because of this brutality, which left millions dead, he is considered by many to have been a brutal ruler. By the end of his life, the Mongol Empire occupied a substantial portion of Central Asia and China. Due to his exceptional military successes, Genghis Khan is often considered to be the greatest conqueror of all time. 

Before Genghis Khan died he assigned Ögedei Khan as his successor. Later his grandsons split his empire into khanates.  Genghis Khan died in 1227 after defeating the Western Xia. By his request, his body was buried in an unmarked grave somewhere in Mongolia.  His descendants extended the Mongol Empire across most of Eurasia by conquering or creating vassal states in all of modern-day China, Korea, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and substantial portions of Eastern Europe and Southwest Asia. Many of these invasions repeated the earlier large-scale slaughters of local populations. As a result, Genghis Khan and his empire have a fearsome reputation in local histories. 

Beyond his military accomplishments, Genghis Khan also advanced the Mongol Empire in other ways. He decreed the adoption of the Uyghur script as the Mongol Empire's writing system. He also practised meritocracy and encouraged religious tolerance in the Mongol Empire, unifying the nomadic tribes of Northeast Asia. Present-day Mongolians regard him as the founding father of Mongolia.  He is also credited with bringing the Silk Road under one cohesive political environment. This brought relatively easy communication and trade between Northeast Asia, Muslim Southwest Asia, and Christian Europe, expanding the cultural horizons of all three areas

Genghis Khan was related on his father's side to Khabul Khan, Ambaghai, and Hotula Khan, who had headed the Khamag Mongol confederation and were descendants of Bodonchar Munkhag (c. 900). When the Jurchen Jin dynasty switched support from the Mongols to the Tatars in 1161, they destroyed Khabul Khan.  

Genghis Khan's father, Yesügei (leader of the Borjigin clan and nephew to Ambaghai and Hotula Khan), emerged as the head of the ruling Mongol clan. This position was contested by the rival Tayichi'ud clan, who descended directly from Ambaghai. When the Tatars grew too powerful after 1161, the Jin switched their support from the Tatars to the Keraites.

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genghis_Khan

 UFC Apex

The UFC Apex is a live events and production center in Enterprise, Nevada, operated and owned by the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). The building was built to host live events as well as studio shows

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UFC_Apex

 ماهيندرا دوني

ماهيندرا سينغ دوني (بالإنجليزية: Mahendra Singh Dhoni)‏ هو لاعب كريكت هندي ولد في يوم 7 يوليو 1981 في مدينة رانشي في الهند، كان قائد لمنتخب الهند الوطني للكريكت لعدة سنوات ولعب مع نادي تشيناي سوبر كينغ.

مراجع

https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A

 Jairzinho Rozenstruik

Jairzinho Rozenstruik (pronounced as Rosenstruyck; born 17 March 1988) is a Surinamese mixed martial artist and kickboxer. He competes in the Heavyweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). He currently holds the record for second fastest knockout in the heavyweight division against Allen Crowder at the UFC Fight Night: Moicano vs. Korean Zombie.  In kickboxing, he is a former WLF Super Heavyweight Tournament Champion and a SUPERKOMBAT World Grand Prix I 2013 Runner-Up. As of 10 February 2020, he is #6 in the UFC heavyweight rankings.

Rozenstruik was born and raised in Paramaribo, Suriname. His parents were soccer fans and named him after the Brazilian star Jairzinho.  Rozenstruik played soccer and basketball before starting to train kickboxing at the age of seventeen in a local gym. After he competed in kickboxing, he transitioned to mixed martial arts in 2012

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jairzinho_Rozenstruik

 Nipsey Hussle

Ermias Joseph Asghedom (August 15, 1985 – March 31, 2019), known professionally as Nipsey Hussle (often stylized as Nipsey Hu$$le), was an American rapper, activist, and entrepreneur.  Emerging from the West Coast hip hop scene in the mid-2000s, Hussle independently released his first mixtape, Slauson Boy Volume 1, to moderate local success,  which led to him being signed to Cinematic Music Group and Epic Records. 

Hussle became known for his numerous mixtapes, including his Bullets Ain't Got No Name series, The Marathon, The Marathon Continues, and Crenshaw, the last of which rapper Jay-Z bought 100 copies for $100 each.  After much delay, his debut studio album Victory Lap was released in 2018 to critical acclaim and commercial success,  and was nominated for the Best Rap Album at the 61st Grammy Awards in 2019. Two posthumous Grammy Awards for the songs "Racks in the Middle" and "Higher" were awarded to Hussle in the Best Rap Performance and Best Rap/Sung Performance categories, respectively, the next year at the 62nd Grammy Awards. 

Also known for his entrepreneurship, Hussle inaugurated the Marathon Clothing store, which he founded along with partners Carless, the head of the agency, Karen Civil and his brother Samiel Asghedom in 2017, and started a co-working environment which he named "Vector 90".  On March 31, 2019, Hussle was fatally shot outside his store Marathon Clothing in South Los Angeles.  Eric Holder, a 29-year-old man who had confronted Hussle earlier in the day, was arrested and charged with murder on April 2, 2019. 

Ermias Joseph Asghedom was born on August 15, 1985, in Crenshaw, Los Angeles, California,  to Angelique Smith, an African-American woman, and Dawit Asghedom, an Eritrean immigrant.  He was raised in the Crenshaw neighborhood of South Los Angeles with his brother Samuel and his sister Samantha.  Asghedom attended Alexander Hamilton High School in the nearby Castle Heights neighborhood, but dropped out before graduating.  At the age of 14, Asghedom left home and joined the local Rollin 60's Neighborhood Crips, a sub-group of the larger Crips gang primarily based in his home neighborhood of Crenshaw.  His stage name, a play on the name of comedian Nipsey Russell, originated as a nickname given to Asghedom by a childhood friend.  At the age of 19, Asghedom's father took both him and his brother Samuel on a trip to Eritrea, East Africa for three months in 2004. Asghedom credited the trip with inspiring him to become a community activist with an "entrepreneurial spirit"

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nipsey_Hussle

Geetha Govindam

Geetha Govindam is a 2018 Indian Telugu-language romantic comedy film written and directed by Parasuram, produced by Bunny Vasu under the banner of GA2 Pictures. The film stars Vijay Devarakonda and Rashmika Mandanna, while Subbaraju, Nithya Menon, Rahul Ramakrishna, and Nagendra Babu play supporting roles. It was released on 15 August 2018 in India and on 14 August 2018 in the US. The film released to positive reviews and was a commercial success

Vijay meets Nithya (Nithya Menon) on the road at night, where he is sitting alone and sad. When she asks about him, he tells her his story.

During a visit to a temple, Vijay comes to know that the decorations were all done by a girl named Geetha (Rashmika Mandanna). He discovers that the girl is unmarried and is immediately attracted to her. Before he can pursue her, he comes to know that his sister's engagement is fixed and leaves for his town Kakinada. Coincidentally, Geetha is his co-passenger on the bus, occupying the window seat beside him. While trying to take a selfie with Geetha, who was sleeping, Vijay accidentally kisses her.

He is shocked to find that his sister is engaged to Phaneendra, Geetha's brother. Vijay and Geetha are then paired to invite wedding guests in Hyderabad. Vijay throughout their time together repeatedly apologises for his behaviour, but Geetha doesn't accept his apology. After a mishap involving Vijay's student, Geetha realises his innocence. Therefore, impressed by his actions and how he handled the situation, Geetha slowly falls in love with Vijay.

Then suddenly Phaneendra's grandfather has a heart attack. His grandmother, fearing that her husband might not be alive to see Geetha's marriage, forces everyone to get Geetha married on the same day as Phaneendra. Phaneendra suggests Vijay's name for marriage and Geetha happily accepts. Vijay, however, turns down the proposal, saying he wanted his wife to have him as the only option, not as a choice. Geetha's marriage then gets arranged to another suitor. Later Vijay feeling guilty, confesses to Phaneendra about his encounter with Geetha on the bus and Phaneendra reveals that Geetha had already told him about it. He then goes onto say for Geetha, Vijay was not a choice but the only option. Vijay rushes to Geetha, talks to her and she finally confesses her love for him. That's when the flashback ends and Nithya proceeds to advise him on what to do.

In the middle of the wedding rituals, Vijay mounts the marriage dais and asks Phaneendra to stand. He falls at Phaneendra's feet in front of everyone and decides not to let go until Phaneendra gave in. Through false information fed to Geetha's suitor by one of Vijay's friend which was the fact that all the fuss going on around him was about Vijay and his family having not enough dowry for Vijay's sister's marriage to Phaneedndra. He leaves the dais angrily thinking poor Vijay sadly didn't have enough money and begs him to marry his sister. Vijay begs Phaneendra to marry Geetha to him. Geetha and Phaneendra agree and they marry.

As the credits start rolling Geetha and Vijay are seen to be travelling to Shirdi on a bus, Vijay kisses a sleeping Geetha on the cheek and she slaps him. Shocked, Vijay again begs for her forgiveness, but Geetha lovingly proceeds to kiss him

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geetha_Govindam