Andrew Cuomo

Andrew Mark Cuomo (/ˈkwoʊmoʊ/; Italian: [ˈkwɔːmo]; born December 6, 1957) is an American politician, author, and lawyer serving as the 56th governor of New York since 2011. A member of the Democratic Party, he was elected to the same position his father, Mario Cuomo, held for three terms. He has served as Chair of the National Governors Association since August 2020.

Born in New York City, Cuomo is a graduate of Fordham University and Albany Law School of Union University, New York. He began his career working as the campaign manager for his father, then as an assistant district attorney in New York City before entering private law practice. He founded Housing Enterprise for the Less Privileged (HELP USA) and was appointed chair of the New York City Homeless Commission, a position he held from 1990 to 1993.

In 1993, Cuomo joined the Clinton Administration as Assistant Secretary for Community Planning and Development in the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. From 1997 to 2001, he served as the U.S. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. In 2006, Cuomo was elected Attorney General of New York. Cuomo won the 2010 New York gubernatorial election to become Governor of New York and has been reelected twice after winning primaries against liberal challengers Zephyr Teachout (2014) and Cynthia Nixon (2018).

During his governorship, Cuomo oversaw the passage of the 2011 Marriage Equality Act, introducing same-sex marriage in New York, and the 2014 Compassionate Care Act, legalizing medical marijuana. In response to the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting and the 2012 Webster shooting, Cuomo signed the NY SAFE Act of 2013, the strictest gun control law in the United States. He co-founded the United States Climate Alliance, a group of states committed to fighting climate change by following the terms of the Paris Climate Accords. He also delivered Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act; a 2011 tax code that raised taxes for the wealthy and lowered taxes for the middle class; 12-week paid family leave along with a gradual increase of the state's minimum wage to $15;  and pay equity.  Cuomo received national attention for his handling of the Coronavirus pandemic in New York.

Cuomo was born December 6, 1957, in the Queens borough of New York City,  to lawyer and later governor of New York Mario Cuomo and Matilda (née Raffa).  His parents were both of Italian descent; his paternal grandparents were from Nocera Inferiore and Tramonti in the Campania region of southern Italy, while his maternal grandparents were from Sicily (his grandfather from Messina).  He has four siblings;  his younger brother, Chris Cuomo, is a CNN journalist. His elder sister is noted radiologist Margaret Cuomo. 

He graduated from St. Gerard Majella's School in 1971  and Archbishop Molloy High School in 1975.  He received a B.A. from Fordham University in 1979, and a J.D. from Albany Law School in 1982

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Cuomo

 Amavasya

Amāvásyā (Sanskrit: अमावस्या) means the lunar phase of the New moon in Sanskrit. Ancient Babylonian, Greek and Indian calendars used 30 lunar phases, called tithi in India.  The dark moon tithi is when the Moon is within the 12 degrees of angular distance between the Sun and Moon before conjunction (syzygy).  The New Moon tithi (called Pratipada or Prathama) is the 12 angular degrees after syzygy. Amāvásyā is often translated as new moon since there is no standard term for the Moon before conjunction in English.

In Sanskrit, "amā" means "together" and "vásya" means "to dwell" or "cohabit". It also means "na" +"ma"+"asya" meaning to "na" = "No, "ma"=Moon, "Asya"="There" in turn meaning to There is no Moon i.e., Moon is not visible.

In the pūrṇimānta māna Hindu lunar calendar used in most parts of the Indian subcontinent, the lunar month starts on the day following the full moon or purnima and therefore Amāvásyā always falls in the middle of the month. However, in the amānta māna calendar used in some places, the lunar month starts on the day of the new moon, making Amāvásyā the last day of the lunar month in those places. Many festivals, the most famous being Diwali (the festival of lights), are observed on Amāvásyā. Many Hindus fast on Amāvásyā.

Few Pancha-Gauda Brahmins have month from next day of Purnima (day) to Purnima (day), that is Purnima is last 29/30 days (Purnimanta). Pancha-Dravida have month from next day of Amavasya to Amavasya . Amavasya is last 29/30 days (Amanta) . Śhukla paksha is called as the bright half as the Moon changes from New Moon to Full Moon while in Krishna paksha it changes from Full Moon to New Moon. Hence it is seen that same Amavasya has same festival all over the country. Ujjain, Allahabad, Orissa, Bihar Brahmins are one few Pancha-Gauda Brahmins have month from 1 day after Purnima (day) to Purnima (day)(Purnimanta), While the people of Karnataka, Maharashtra, Goa, Gujarat, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh the Pancha-Dravida have month from 1 day after Amavasya to Amavasya. Amavasya is last 29/30 days (Amanta). Since Kanchipuram Mutt where the Adi Shankara lived and all the Pancha-Gauda and Pancha-Dravida use to visit hence Tamil Nadu developed a mixture of Panchangam and saka calendar. Similarly the place where Pancha-Gauda and Pancha-Dravida are living together as Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Southern Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh also show the mixtures. Also the people following Jainism follow Pancha-Dravida calendar, Amavasya is last 29/30 days. 

In old Indian culture and beliefs, irrespective of religions, Amavasya is considered a time of great power. In Tamil, though Amavasai is commonly used in religious spheres, the pure Tamil scholars prefer the term Puthuppi Rai  Fast is observed to propitiate both the Sun and Moon Gods.  Except for the Karttika Amavasya (Amavasya of Diwali), the Amavasya is considered inauspicious.

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amavasya

 Gulzar

Sampooran Singh Kalra (born 18 August 1934), known professionally as Gulzar, is an Indian lyricist, poet, author, screenwriter, and film director.  He started his career with music director S.D. Burman as a lyricist in the 1963 film Bandini and worked with many music directors including R. D. Burman, Salil Chowdhury, Vishal Bhardwaj and A. R. Rahman. He was awarded Padma Bhushan in 2004, the third-highest civilian award in India,  the Sahitya Akademi Award and the Dadasaheb Phalke Award — the highest award in Indian cinema. He has won several Indian National Film Awards, 21 Filmfare Awards, one Academy Award and one Grammy Award. 

Gulzar also writes poetry, dialogues and scripts. He directed films such as Aandhi and Mausam during the 1970s and the TV series Mirza Ghalib in the 1980s. He also directed Kirdaar in 1993.

Gulzar was born in a Kalra Sikh family, to Makhan Singh Kalra and Sujan Kaur, in Dina, Jhelum District, British India (present-day Pakistan). In school, he had read translations of the works of Tagore which he recounted as one of his life's many turning points. Due to the partition, his family split and he had to stop his studies and come to Mumbai (then called Bombay) to support his family. Sampooran took up many small jobs in Mumbai to eke out a living, including one at a garage at Vichare motors on Bellasis road (Mumbai).  There he used to touch up accident-damaged cars by mixing shades of paint, in his own words "I had a knack for colours". His father rebuked him for being a writer initially. He took the pen name Gulzar Deenvi and later simply Gulzar.  In an interview with Rajyasabha TV, he recounted enjoying his work as a painter as it allowed him a lot of time to simultaneously read, write, attend college and be involved with the PWA (Progressive Writers Association)

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulzar

 Subhas Chandra Bose

(23 January 1897 – 18 August 1945)[9][g] was an Indian nationalist whose defiant patriotism made him a hero in India,  but whose attempt during World War II to rid India of British rule with the help of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan left a troubled legacy. [m] The honorific Netaji (Hindustani: "Respected Leader"), first applied in early 1942 to Bose in Germany by the Indian soldiers of the Indische Legion and by the German and Indian officials in the Special Bureau for India in Berlin, was later used throughout India.[15][n]

Bose had been a leader of the younger, radical, wing of the Indian National Congress in the late 1920s and 1930s, rising to become Congress President in 1938 and 1939. However, he was ousted from Congress leadership positions in 1939 following differences with Mahatma Gandhi and the Congress high command.[17] He was subsequently placed under house arrest by the British before escaping from India in 1940.[18]

Bose arrived in Germany in April 1941, where the leadership offered unexpected, if sometimes ambivalent, sympathy for the cause of India's independence, contrasting starkly with its attitudes towards other colonised peoples and ethnic communities.[19][20] In November 1941, with German funds, a Free India Centre was set up in Berlin, and soon a Free India Radio, on which Bose broadcast nightly. A 3,000-strong Free India Legion, comprising Indians captured by Erwin Rommel's Afrika Korps, was also formed to aid in a possible future German land invasion of India.[21] By spring 1942, in light of Japanese victories in southeast Asia and changing German priorities, a German invasion of India became untenable, and Bose became keen to move to southeast Asia.[22] Adolf Hitler, during his only meeting with Bose in late May 1942, suggested the same, and offered to arrange for a submarine.[23] During this time Bose also became a father; his wife, [24] or companion,[25][p] Emilie Schenkl, whom he had met in 1934, gave birth to a baby girl in November 1942.[24][19] Identifying strongly with the Axis powers, and no longer apologetically, Bose boarded a German submarine in February 1943.[26][27] Off Madagascar, he was transferred to a Japanese submarine from which he disembarked in Japanese-held Sumatra in May 1943.[26]

With Japanese support, Bose revamped the Indian National Army (INA), then composed of Indian soldiers of the British Indian army who had been captured in the Battle of Singapore.  To these, after Bose's arrival, were added enlisting Indian civilians in Malaya and Singapore. The Japanese had come to support a number of puppet and provisional governments in the captured regions, such as those in Burma, the Philippines and Manchukuo. Before long the Provisional Government of Free India, presided by Bose, was formed in the Japanese-occupied Andaman and Nicobar Islands. [q] Bose had great drive and charisma—creating popular Indian slogans, such as "Jai Hind,"—and the INA under Bose was a model of diversity by region, ethnicity, religion, and even gender. However, Bose was regarded by the Japanese as being militarily unskilled [r] and his military effort was short-lived. In late 1944 and early 1945, the British Indian Army first halted and then devastatingly reversed the Japanese attack on India. Almost half the Japanese forces and fully half the participating INA contingent were killed [s] The INA was driven down the Malay Peninsula and surrendered with the recapture of Singapore. Bose had earlier chosen not to surrender with his forces or with the Japanese, but rather to escape to Manchuria with a view to seeking a future in the Soviet Union which he believed to be turning anti-British. He died from third-degree burns received when his plane crashed in Taiwan. [t] Some Indians, however, did not believe that the crash had occurred, [u] with many among them, especially in Bengal, believing that Bose would return to gain India's independence. 

The Indian National Congress, the main instrument of Indian nationalism, praised Bose's patriotism but distanced itself from his tactics and ideology,  especially his collaboration with fascism.  The British Raj, though never seriously threatened by the INA,  charged 300 INA officers with treason in the INA trials, but eventually backtracked in the face both of popular sentiment and of its own end. 

Subhas Chandra Bose was born on 23 January 1897 (at 12.10 pm) in Cuttack, Orissa Division, Bengal Province, to Prabhavati Dutt Bose and Janakinath Bose, an advocate belonging to a Kayastha  family.  He was the ninth in a family of 14 children. His family was well to do. 

He was admitted to the Protestant European School (presently Stewart High School) in Cuttack, like his brothers and sisters, in January 1902. He continued his studies at this school which was run by the Baptist Mission up to 1909 and then shifted to the Ravenshaw Collegiate School. After securing the second position in the matriculation examination in 1913, he was admitted to the Presidency College where he studied briefly.  He was influenced by the teachings of Swami Vivekananda and Ramakrishna after reading their works at the age of 16. He felt that his religion was more important than his studies. 

In those days, the British in Calcutta often made offensive remarks to the Indians in public places and insulted them openly. This behavior of the British as well as the outbreak of World War I began to influence his thinking. 

His nationalistic temperament came to light when he was expelled for assaulting Professor Oaten (who had manhandled some Indian students ) for the latter's anti-India comments. He was expelled although he appealed that he only witnessed the assault and did not actually participate in it.  He later joined the Scottish Church College at the University of Calcutta and passed his B.A. in 1918 in philosophy

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subhas_Chandra_Bose

 رونالد كومان

رونالد كومان (بالهولندية: Ronald Koeman)‏ ، من مواليد 21 مارس 1963 في زاندام في هولندا ، لاعب كرة قدم سابق ومدرب كرة قدم هولندي حالياً، وهو أخ إروين كومان.

بدأ رونالد مسيرته الاحترافية في عام 1980 مع نادي خرونيغين ، و لعب لهم حتى عام 1983 ، و شارك خلالها في 89 مباراة وسجل 33 هدف، وفي عام 1983 انتقل إلى نادي أياكس أمستردام الهولندي، ولعب لهم 64 مباراة وسجل 23 هدف، وفي عام 1986 انتقل إلى نادي بي أس في آيندهوفن الهولندي، ولعب لهم حتى عام 1989 ، و شارك خلالها في 98 مباراة وسجل 51 هدف، وفي عام 1989 انتقل إلى نادي برشلونة الإسباني، وقادهم إلى الفوز بدوري أبطال أوروبا للمرة الأولى في تاريخهم في عام 1992 ، و لعب معهم 192 مباراة وسجل خلالها 67 هدف، وفي عام 1995 انتقل إلى نادي فينورد الهولندي، ولعب معهم 61 مباراة وسجل 19 هدف وأعتزل كرة القدم في عام 1997..

و لعب كومان مع منتخب هولندا لكرة القدم منذ عام 1983 و حتى عام 1994 ، و شارك معهم في 78 مباراة وسجل 22 هدف، وأبرز إنجازاته مع المنتخب هو الفوز بكأس الأمم الأوروبية لكرة القدم 1988.

بدأ كومان مسيرته المهنية في نادي جرونينجن، أول ظهور له في سن ال 17 عاما و 183 يوما في الفوز 2-0 في الدوري الهولندي. هذا جعله ثالث أصغر لاعب في تاريخ النادي، بعد بييت Wildschut وبيرت سجل ثلاثة وثلاثون هدفا في تسعين مباراة في ثلاثة مواسم له في النادي المدافع الشاب تم استدعاؤهم من قبل فريق الوطني هولندا واصبح بطل الدوري الهولندي مع أياكس. بعد أن فشلت في الدفاع عن لقبه في الموسم الأول كومان في النادي، استعاد فريق أمستردام البطولة في 1984-1985. وشهد الموسم التالي يوهان كرويف يتولى منصب المدير الفني لفريق اياكس، وعلى الرغم من تسجيله 120 هدفا في 34 مباراة الدوري الهولندي والفوز بكأس الاتحاد الهولندي، تمكن أن ينهي فقط المركز الثاني في الدوري منافسيه خلف ايندهوفن.ن صيف عام 1986، كومان نقل لفي صفقة مثيرة للجدل إلى ايندهوفن للعب مع البطل. نحو نهاية الموسم 1986-1987، استقال كراي وحل محله جوس هيدينك، تحت إدارة منهم ايندهوفن متصدر الدوري تفوقت اياكس في الأسابيع الأخيرة من الموسم للدفاع عن لقب الدوري. يتمتع كومان المزيد من النجاح مع هيدينك وايندهوفن في المواسم التالية، كما فاز الفريق أيضا 1987-1988 و1988-1989 ألقاب الدوري الهولندي والنادي لأول مرة، وحتى الآن فقط، كأس أوروبا ضد بنفيكا في شتوتجارت يوم 25مايو 1988. ايندهوفن قد فاز أيضا كأس الاتحاد الهولندي في عامي 1988 و 1989، مما يجعل نجاحاتهم في العامين يضاعف ثلاث مرات والزوجي على التوالي. في كتابه ثلاثة مواسم في ايندهوفن، سجل كومان51 هدفا في 98 مباراة في الدوري، حيث بلغ متوسطها أكثر من هدف واحد في كل مباراتين. خلال 1987-1988، وسجل أعلى الموسم التهديف من مشواره مع الفريق، برصيد 21 هدفا وسجل في الدوري.

مصادر

https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86

 Ronald Koeman

 born 21 March 1963) is a Dutch retired footballer who has been manager of the Netherlands national team since 2018. He is the younger brother of his former international teammate Erwin Koeman and the son of former Dutch international Martin Koeman. Koeman was capable of playing both as a defender and as a midfielder; he frequently played as a sweeper, although he was equally known for his goalscoring, long–range shooting, and accuracy from free kicks and penalties.

Born in Zaandam, Koeman began his career at FC Groningen before transferring to the Netherlands' most successful club Ajax, where he won the national Eredivise title in 1984–85. He then joined Ajax's rivals PSV, winning three consecutive Eredivisie titles (1986–87, 1987–88 and 1988–89) and the European Cup in 1988. Ronald Koeman is one of five European players to ever win a Treble with their club and a cup with their national team in the same year. The other four players are his teammates Hans van Breukelen, Berry van Aerle, Gerald Vanenburg and Wim Kieft. In 1989, Koeman moved to Barcelona and became part of Johan Cruyff's "Dream Team", helping the club win La Liga four years in a row between 1991 and 1994, and the European Cup, where he scored the winning goal of the final against Sampdoria in 1992.

At international level, Koeman was one of the stars of the Netherlands national team, alongside Marco van Basten, Ruud Gullit, Frank Rijkaard and Dennis Bergkamp. During his career with the Netherlands, Koeman won UEFA Euro 1988 and played at the UEFA Euro 1992, 1990 and 1994 FIFA World Cups, captaining the team at the latter.

As a head coach, Koeman has won three Eredivisie titles: twice with Ajax (2001–02 and 2003–04) and once with PSV (2006–07). He is the only individual to have both played for and managed the "Big Three" of Dutch football: Ajax, PSV and Feyenoord.  Abroad, he had spells in Portugal with Benfica and Spain with Valencia, coaching Los Che to victory in the 2007–08 Copa del Rey,  and managed Premier League clubs Southampton and Everton in the 2010s.

Koeman started his professional career at FC Groningen, making his debut at the age of 17 years and 183 days in a 2–0 win over NEC in the Eredivisie. This made him the third-youngest player in the club's history, after Piet Wildschut and Bert de Voogt.  Thirty-three goals from ninety appearances in his three seasons at the club saw the young defender called up by the Netherlands national team and earn a transfer to Eredivisie champions Ajax. After failing to defend their title in Koeman's first season at the club, the Amsterdam team regained the championship in 1984–85. The following season saw Johan Cruyff take over as Ajax head coach and, despite scoring 120 goals in 34 Eredivisie matches and winning the KNVB Cup, de Godenzonen could only finish second in the league behind rivals PSV.

In the summer of 1986, Koeman controversially transferred to Eindhoven to play for Hans Kraay's champions. Towards the end of the 1986–87 season, Kraay resigned and was replaced by Guus Hiddink, under the management of whom PSV overtook league leaders Ajax in the final weeks of the season to defend their league title. Koeman enjoyed further success with Hiddink and PSV in the following seasons, as the team also won the 1987–88 and 1988–89 Eredivisie titles and the club's first, and to date only, European Cup against Benfica in Stuttgart on 25 May 1988. PSV had also won the KNVB Cup in both 1988 and 1989, making their successes in the two years trebles and doubles respectively. In his three seasons at PSV, Koeman scored 51 goals in 98 league appearances, averaging more than one goal every two matches. During 1987–88, he recorded the highest scoring season of his club career, with 21 goals scored in the league

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Koeman

 Enola Holmes

Enola Holmes is an upcoming 2020 British mystery film based on the book series of the same name by Nancy Springer. The film is directed by Harry Bradbeer and written by Jack Thorne. Millie Bobby Brown stars as the title character, while also serving as a producer on the film. Henry Cavill, Sam Claflin and Helena Bonham Carter also star.

Enola Holmes is scheduled to be released on September 23, 2020, by Netflix.

By February 2019, a film adaptation of the Nancy Springer book series was in development at Legendary Pictures, with Millie Bobby Brown producing and starring in the title role and Harry Bradbeer set to direct.  In June, Henry Cavill, Helena Bonham Carter, Adeel Akhtar and Fiona Shaw joined the cast  with Sam Claflin, Louis Partridge, Susie Wokoma and Burn Gorman joining in July as filming began in London  Filming also took place at Luton Hoo in Bedfordshire.

The Conan Doyle Estate filed a lawsuit against Netflix over the film, claiming it violates copyright by depicting Sherlock Holmes as having emotions, an aspect of the character which they argue does not fall under the public domain as he was only described as having emotions in stories published between 1923 to 1927, and the copyright for the stories published in that period still belong to the estate. 

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enola_Holmes_(film)