الاثنين، 2 سبتمبر 2019

Kevin Hart

Kevin Darnell Hart[1] (born July 6, 1979)[2] is an American stand-up comedian, actor, and producer. Born and raised in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Hart began his career by winning several amateur comedy competitions at clubs throughout New England, culminating in his first real break in 2001 when he was cast by Judd Apatow for a recurring role on the TV series Undeclared. The series lasted only one season, but he soon landed other roles in films such as Paper Soldiers (2002), Scary Movie 3 (2003), Soul Plane (2004), In the Mix (2005), and Little Fockers (2010).

Hart's comedic reputation continued to grow with the release of his first stand-up album, I'm a Grown Little Man (2008), and performances in the films Think Like a Man (2012), Grudge Match (2013), Ride Along (2014) and its sequel Ride Along 2 (2016), About Last Night (2014), Get Hard (2015), Central Intelligence (2016), The Secret Life of Pets (2016), Captain Underpants: The First Epic Movie (2017), Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle (2017), and Night School (2018).

He also released four more comedy albums, Seriously Funny in 2010, Laugh at My Pain in 2011, Let Me Explain in 2013, and What Now? in 2016. In 2015, Time Magazine named Hart one of the 100 most influential people in the world on the annual Time 100 list.[3] He starred as himself in the lead role of Real Husbands of Hollywood
Early life
Hart was born on July 6, 1979, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[2] He was raised in a single-parent household by his mother, Nancy Hart,[2] who was a systems analyst for the Office of Student Registration and Financial Services at University of Pennsylvania.[1] He has one older brother, Robert.[1] His father, Henry Witherspoon,[5] a cocaine addict, was in and out of jail throughout most of Kevin's childhood, and Kevin used humor as a way to cope with his troubled family life.[2]

After graduating from George Washington High School, Hart briefly attended the Community College of Philadelphia and moved to New York City.[6][7][8] He then moved to Brockton, Massachusetts, and found work as a shoe salesman.[8] He began pursuing a career in stand-up comedy after performing at an amateur night at a club in Philadelphia.[9]

Career
Stand-up
Hart's first gig was at The Laff House in Philadelphia under the name of Lil Kev, which did not go well.[10] His career suffered a slow start, as he was booed off stage several times, once even having a piece of chicken thrown at him.[11] After those initial unsuccessful shows, Hart began entering comedy competitions throughout Massachusetts and audience receptions of his performances eventually improved.[8]

It took time for Hart to develop a unique comedic style. After an early period of attempting to imitate comedians like Chris Tucker, he found his own rhythm by delving into his insecurities and life experiences. "Because of what I do, it has to be an open book," he has said. "But right now this is a book that is being written."[11]

Hart's comedy tours began in 2009 with his act titled I'm a Grown Little Man, followed by Seriously Funny in 2010, Laugh at My Pain in 2011, and Let Me Explain in 2013, the later two of which were also released as features in movie theaters.[10] Hart grossed over $15 million from "Laugh at My Pain", making it one of the year's top-selling comedy tours.[citation needed] Hart also has a game available through iTunes called "Little Jumpman". His Facebook page, Twitter account, and YouTube channel are all connected to and accessible through this app.[12] Most overseas fans of Hart discovered him on YouTube, as well.[13]

On April 9, 2015, Hart embarked on a comedy world tour titled the What Now? Tour at the AT&T Center in San Antonio, which concluded on August 7, 2016, at the Columbus Civic Center in Columbus, Georgia. On July 16, 2015, Universal Pictures announced that Kevin Hart: What Now?, a stand-up comedy film featuring a performance of Kevin Hart's What Now? Tour, would be theatrically released in the United States on October 14, 2016.[14] The show was filmed live on August 30, 2015, in front of 53,000 people, at Philadelphia's Lincoln Financial Field.[15][16]

Film and television roles
Hart came to prominence from his guest appearance in Undeclared. He made his film debut in the film Paper Soldiers. Hart then gained further recognition from his other films such as the Scary Movie franchise, Soul Plane, The 40-Year-Old Virgin, Death at a Funeral, and Little Fockers.[citation needed] He turned down a role in the 2008 film Tropic Thunder because the character is gay, citing his own "insecurities
He played Doug in the film The Five-Year Engagement (2012) and appeared in Think Like a Man which was a box office success. He also appeared in the sequel. He had a cameo as himself in This Is the End. In 2013, Hart played a boxing promoter in Grudge Match and appeared in Exit Strategy as Mannequin Head Man. He also appeared in 35 and Ticking.

In 2014, Hart starred as Ben in Ride Along, opposite Ice Cube.[18] The film received generally negative reviews from critics, but was a major box office success.[19][20] Hart returned in the sequel, Ride Along 2, which was released on January 15, 2016.[21][22]

In 2013, Hart co-created Real Husbands of Hollywood with Chris Spencer. The show follows Hart along with other married celebrities (each playing a comical fictionalized version of themselves) within the series including: Boris Kodjoe, Nelly, Duane Martin, J.B. Smoove, Nick Cannon, and Robin Thicke. Thicke didn't return for the second season due to his music career, though Hart has stated that the door is open for Thicke to return.[23] The series is intentionally filmed in a style similar to Bravo's The Real Housewives. Episodes often hinge on the "real" Kevin Hart's desperately unsuccessful attempts to climb Hollywood's celebrity social ladder (which always backfire in humiliating ways), and the character's barely-hidden jealousy of his more successful celebrity friends. A sneak peek was shown as a segment during the 2012 BET Awards and the official promo was released in October 2012.[24]

In 2015, Hart starred in the films Get Hard with Will Ferrell and The Wedding Ringer. In 2016, he starred in the movies Central Intelligence, with Dwayne Johnson, and the animated The Secret Life of Pets.[25][26] In 2017, he starred in the movies Captain Underpants: The First Epic Movie, in a voice role, and Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle with Jack Black, Karen Gillan, and retaming again with Johnson.[27][28]

In 2018, he produced his first film under his production company HartBeat Productions, Night School.[29] In October 2018, it was announced that through his production company, he has signed a first-look deal with Nickelodeon. Under the deal, Hart and his HartBeat Productions banner will develop and produce live-action, scripted kids content for the network. Hart also has a first-look film deal with Universal Studios.[30]

In 2019, Hart's film The Upside, his first headlining role in a drama, was theatrically released. It also starred Bryan Cranston and Nicole Kidman.[31] Hart also reprised his role of Snowball in the sequel The Secret Life of Pets 2.

Upcoming projects
Hart will star in the sequel Jumanji: The Next Level, scheduled for December 2019.[32][33] He will next shoot Fatherhood, a drama about a man whose wife dies shortly after childbirth, leaving him to raise their daughter on his own.[34] It will be released on April 3, 2020.[35]

As of October 2016, Hart was set to portray Santa Claus in Dashing Through the Snow, a planned 2017 Disney Christmas-themed film.[36][37] In October 2018, it was reported that Chris Rock will direct Hart in a movie based on an original idea by the both of them. The film will be written by Black-ish writer Yamara Taylor and the film will revolve around a stay at home dad who raises the kids while his star CEO wife serves as the breadwinner. The man finds himself in emotional and public turmoil when his wife kicks him to the curb, and they engage in a bitter divorce and custody battle.[38] In 2019, Hart signed on to star in and produce Monopoly, Black Friday, an untitled international romantic comedy, Extreme Job, and Scrooged
In addition to acting, Hart has also hosted various ceremonies. Hart first hosted the 2011 BET Awards.[43] Hart then hosted the 2012 MTV Video Music Awards.[44] His longtime friend Judd Apatow, the director who gave him his first big on-screen break in the TV series Undeclared, was the one who recommended him for the gig.[45] Hart hoped that this will project him further into a side career as an emcee, stating, "Hopefully after MTV, of course we're talking Emmys, Oscars, whatever."[10] He has hosted three episodes of Saturday Night Live.[46][47] In 2015, Hart hosted the Comedy Central Roast of Justin Bieber.[48] In 2016, Hart co-hosted the 2016 MTV Movie Awards with Dwayne Johnson.[49]

Kevin Hart has also hosted on HQ Trivia and gave away $100,000 to 1 person with Scott Rogowsky on September 26, 2018 which had 699K players.

On December 4, 2018, Hart was announced as the host of the 91st Academy Awards, but on December 6 he stepped down as host in response to public criticism of several alleged homophobic tweets from 2010 and 2011.[50][51][52][53] Hart characterized the protest as non-constructive and stated "If you don’t believe people change, grow as they get older, I don’t know what to tell you". On December 7, he tweeted an apology to the LGBTQ community following criticism that he did not issue one the previous day.[54] On January 3, 2019, Hart announced he was going to reconsider stepping down as host, after openly lesbian comedian Ellen DeGeneres, who has hosted the Academy Awards multiple times, expressed support for Hart to do so and said she telephoned the Academy to ask if Hart would be able to reverse his decision if he wished and, according to DeGeneres, the Academy said he would be able to do so.[55] On January 8, after a backlash for what was perceived as his insincere apology, Kevin Hart announced that he wouldn't be hosting the Academy Awards
Music
As Chocolate Droppa, his alias, he signed to Motown Records and released Kevin Hart: What Now? (The Mixtape Presents Chocolate Droppa), the soundtrack to his stand-up film of the same name.[57] He released the singles "Push It On Me" featuring Trey Songz and "Baller Alert" with Migos & T.I.[58]

Modeling
In 2017, Kevin Hart and Tommy John appeared in an underwear commercial for Macy's.[59]

Influences
Hart has cited as comedy inspirations Bill Cosby, Chris Rock, Eddie Murphy, George Carlin, Jerry Seinfeld, Dave Chappelle, Richard Pryor, Patrice O'Neal, and Keith Robinson.[60][61]

Personal life
Family relationships
Hart's relationship with his father improved after the latter recovered from his addiction. Hart said, "My dad said I was supposed to be on drugs. I was like, 'Dad, shut up', but then I thought about it, and it was stupid, but it made sense. He was saying that basically he was my example to never go down that road."[10]

Hart also talks about his mother in his stand-up routine, portraying her as a loving, yet intimidating woman. She died from cancer in 2007.[10][62]

Marriages
Kevin and Torrei Hart filed for divorce in February 2010, citing irreconcilable differences. Hart requested joint custody[63] of their two children, a daughter and a son.[64] The divorce was finalized in November 2011.[65]

On August 18, 2014, Hart proposed to Eniko Parrish.[66] They married on August 13, 2016, near Santa Barbara, California.[67] Their son was born in 2017.[68] On December 15, 2017, Hart publicly admitted to having cheated on his wife while she was pregnant with their son.[69]

Earnings
Hart earned an estimated $32.5 million in 2017.[70]

Legal issues
Hart was arrested on April 14, 2013, on suspicion of drunk driving after his black Mercedes nearly collided with a tanker truck on a Southern California freeway. Hart failed a field sobriety test and was booked for misdemeanor DUI.[71] On August 5, 2013, Hart was sentenced to three years of probation after pleading no contest to one count of driving under the influence of alcohol.[72]

Health
On September 1, 2019, Hart was a passenger in a 1970 Plymouth Barracuda that went off Mulholland Highway and rolled down an embankment above Malibu, California. He and the driver reportedly suffered "major back injuries" and were taken to hospitals

Tamil Thalaivas

Tamil Thalaivas is a Kabaddi team based in Tamil Nadu that plays in the Pro Kabaddi League.[1] The team is owned by industrialist Nimmagadda Prasad and co-owned by the cricketer Sachin Tendulkar, also includes actors Allu Arjun, Ram Charan and film producer Allu Aravind. Actor Vijay Sethupathi is the brand ambassador of the team. Tamil Thalaivas play their home matches at the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Chennai), Tamil Nadu.

Since making its debut in the PKL, this team led by Ajay Thakur hasn't had much success after finishing rock bottom in Zone B, both in 2017 and 2018-19.

A new season see new signings as star raiders Rahul Chaudhari,Ajith Kumar.V,Rann Singh,defenders like Mohit chillar and all rounders like Shabeer Bapu made the team to watch out for at pkl 2019
Franchise history
Pro Kabaddi League (PKL) is a professional kabaddi league in India, based on the format of the Indian Premier League T20 cricket tournament. The fifth edition of the tournament is being played in 2017 with 12 franchises representing various cities in India. Representing Chennai, ‘Tamil Thalaivas’ made their debut in 2017. The team plays their home games at Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Chennai).[2]

Team History
2017 season
Main articles: 2017 Pro Kabaddi League season and Tamil Thalaivas in 2017
In the auction for the 2017 season, Thalaivas picked up defender Amit Hooda for Rs 63 lakh. They also roped in Indian national team captain Ajay Thakur.[3][4]

2018 season
Main articles: 2018 Pro Kabaddi League season and Tamil Thalaivas in 2018
Tamil Thalaivas announced that E Bhaskaran will become the new head coach with outgoing head coach Kasinatha Baskaran moving into the role of Technical Director for Strategic Grassroot Program of the franchise.[5]

Tamil Thalaivas retained Ajay Thakur, Amit Hooda and C Arun. They roped in D. Pratap ahead of the 2018 auction. In the auction, Sukesh Hegde and Darshan J were purchased by the franchise for Rs 28 lakh each. All-rounder Manjeet Chillar was also picked up by the Thalaivas for Rs. 20 Lakhs. South Korea's Chan Sik Park and Jae Min Lee were roped in as overseas players.

Johanna Konta

Johanna Konta (born 17 May 1991) is a British professional tennis player who represented Australia until 2012. She has won three singles titles on the WTA Tour, as well as 11 singles and four doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. The current British number one reached her best singles ranking of world No. 4 on 17 July 2017. She has reached the semifinals of the Australian Open, Wimbledon and the French Open.

Konta achieved a steep rise in her ranking from the spring of 2015 to late 2016, climbing from 150 to inside the world's top ten,[4] thereby becoming the first Briton to be ranked amongst the WTA's top ten since Jo Durie over 30 years previously.[5] This period included her best Grand Slam result up to that time, as she reached the semifinal of the 2016 Australian Open,[6] a quarterfinal appearance at the Rio Summer Olympics[7] and her maiden WTA title in Stanford.[8] In 2017, she won the Miami Open,[9] and reached the semifinal at Wimbledon.[10]

Born to Hungarian parents in Sydney, Australia, Konta moved to the U.K. when she was 14. She switched her sporting allegiance from Australia to Great Britain after she became a British citizen in May 2012
Personal life
Johanna Konta was born in Sydney, Australia, on 17 May 1991, the daughter of Hungarian parents Gábor, a hotel manager, and Gabriella, a dentist.[12] Her parents had emigrated separately from Hungary and met in Australia.[12] One of Konta's grandfathers, Tamás Kertész (1929–1989), played football for Ferencvárosi TC; he won two international caps for Hungary in the 1950s and later coached the Ghana national team.[13] Konta has a half sister, Eva Emese, from her father's previous marriage.[13]

Konta's childhood was spent in Collaroy on Sydney's Northern Beaches,[12] where she was introduced to tennis at an after-school programme at the age of eight.[14] When she was 14, she attended the Sanchez Casal academy in Barcelona for 15 months, during which time her parents settled in Eastbourne, England.[15][16]

Konta became a British citizen in May 2012 and concurrently switched her sporting allegiance from Australia to Britain.[11] When her nationality became the subject of debate at the 2016 Australian Open, Konta said it was "a compliment for you guys to be interested in my Australian roots", but that she was "very pleased to be representing Great Britain ... where I grew up essentially".[17] Konta has three passports – British, Australian and Hungarian.[18]

Career
2008: $10,000 title
Konta won her first ITF singles title at a $10k tournament in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina shortly before her 17th birthday in May 2008. She commented that the best was yet to come.[citation needed]

2009: $25,000 title
Konta achieved a significant breakthrough at a $25k tournament in Sutton, England, in February 2009. Entering as a wild card, she defeated the top seed, Corinna Dentoni, who was ranked 153 at the time, and two other top 250 players to reach the final where she lost in three sets to Katie O'Brien. Konta backed this performance up by winning a $25k tournament in June at the W.O.W. Challenger in Waterloo, Ontario, over Heidi El Tabakh.[19]

Konta then went through a difficult time in the second half of the year, losing her first match in eight of the nine tournaments entered, six of these losses going to three sets. However, with the help of the earlier results, she rose from 668 to 360 in the world rankings during the year.

2010: $50,000 title
Konta regained some form at the start of 2010. In May, she reached the quarterfinal of the $50k tournament at Indian Harbour Beach, Florida. The following week she took the title on the green clay courts of Raleigh, North Carolina, another $50k tournament, where, the day before her 19th birthday, she defeated Lindsay Lee-Waters in the final.[20]

Highlights later in the year included another $50k quarterfinal appearance, two semifinal appearances in $25k tournaments and her second ITF singles title of the year at a $10k event in Westende, Belgium, where, in the final, she defeated Nicky Van Dyck for the loss of just one game.[21] Konta also played her first WTA Tour event when she entered the qualifying for Copenhagen, winning a match before exiting the event.[22]

2011: Drop in ranking
In April 2011, she lost in three sets in the qualifying draw of Charleston to Sania Mirza. She also fell in qualifying at Fes and Strasbourg. Konta reached the main draw of a WTA Tour event for her first time when she qualified at Copenhagen in June, falling in the first round to fourth seed Lucie Šafářová, who was ranked 38 at the time, in a match that lasted over two and half hours.[23]

Konta won her fifth ITF singles title at the Aegon GB Pro-Series event in Woking in July. In the final against Laura Robson, Konta was a set up when her opponent retired.[24]

After a patchy couple of months interrupted by injury, Konta got back to her winning ways at the $10k event in Madrid, beating Lucy Brown in the final.[25] However, her year ended during a second meeting with Robson in the first round at Barnstaple in October, with Konta having to retire this time. She slipped from 248 to 305 in the world rankings over the course of the season, and showed an improvement of only 55 places over the previous two years
Konta achieved some welcome results in the first half of 2012, including a $25k title at Rancho Mirage in February. She then qualified for the WTA Tour event in Copenhagen for the second successive year, recording her first-match win in a full tour main draw over seventh seed Ksenia Pervak (then ranked 38) in the opening round, before losing to Petra Martić at the next stage. By the end of April, Konta had risen nearly 100 places to No. 211 in the rankings.

Having been granted British citizenship in May, Konta received a main-draw wild card to Wimbledon; she faced 28th seed Christina McHale in the opening round, being beaten 10–8 in the deciding set, thus coming close to causing an upset on her debut appearance.[26]

A $50k final appearance at Lexington in July helped to maintain momentum, and the following month Konta qualified for the US Open, bridging a gap of almost 150 places in the rankings to upset world No. 59 Tímea Babos in the first round,[27] saving ten set points in the second set as she recorded her first career win at Grand Slam level. In the second round, Konta let a 5–2 final set lead slip against Olga Govortsova and lost.[28] This run propelled her into the world's top 150 for the first time in her career, slipping a few places to end the year with a ranking of 153.[29]

2013: $100,000 title
At the Australian Open, Konta failed to build on her form from the US Open, losing in the second qualifying round to Zhou Yimiao of China in three sets.

In February, Konta made her Fed Cup debut for Great Britain in Europe/Africa Zone Group 1 Pool B. Konta and Laura Robson won their doubles match as Britain opened with a whitewash against Bosnia-Herzegovina.[30] Konta was then rested as Britain beat Portugal, before teaming up again with Robson in a losing doubles effort against Hungary, though Britain ultimately won this tie 2–1.[31] Konta was left out once more as Britain beat Bulgaria to advanced to the World Group II play-offs.[32]

In April, Konta played in the Fed Cup World Group II play-off against Argentina. Konta was initially nominated to represent Britain in two of the singles rubbers.[33] However, after losing her opening match against Paula Ormaechea, Great Britain captain Judy Murray decided that Elena Baltacha would replace Konta in the Sunday reverse singles.[34]

Konta's next tournament was the Portugal Open in Oeiras, where she beat top-100 player Yulia Putintseva in the first qualifying round but was then forced to retire in the second qualifying round against Stéphanie Foretz Gacon. Konta also reached the second qualifying round at the French Open, losing to Galina Voskoboeva in three sets.

In June, Konta entered the Aegon Trophy, a $75k tournament, reaching the semifinals after victories over An-Sophie Mestach, fifth seed Misaki Doi and Alison Riske. In the semifinals, Konta lost a tough battle against third seed Karolína Plíšková, going down in three sets. Following the event, she was handed a wild card for the Aegon Classic in Birmingham. In the first round Konta defeated qualifier Kurumi Nara to set up a meeting with French player Kristina Mladenovic, the 12th seed at the tournament, who beat her in straight sets.

Konta also received a wild card for the Wimbledon Championships, where she was drawn against 16th seed Jelena Janković in the first round. She lost in straight sets against the Serbian former world number one.[35]

Following Wimbledon, Konta started her build-up to the US Open by winning a $25k event in Winnipeg, Manitoba, where she defeated fellow British player Samantha Murray in the final. She then kept up her form by winning the Odlum Brown Vancouver Open, a $100k event, where she defeated Sharon Fichman in the final after eliminating top seed (and world No. 41) Hsieh Su-wei along the way. This propelled Konta to a then career-high ranking of 115.

At the Guangzhou International Open, Konta won two rounds of qualifying to reach the main draw. In the first round, she beat fellow qualifier Richèl Hogenkamp in straight sets,[36] before upsetting fourth seed and world No. 38 Peng Shuai, equaling her best career-win in terms of ranking to this point. However, her run was stopped in the quarterfinals, losing to wild card Zhang Shuai in straight sets.[37] A week later, at the Ningbo International Open, Konta made the quarterfinals again, but was forced to retire in her match against Johanna Larsson, suffering from an abdominal strain.[38]

She officially became the British No. 2 behind Laura Robson, after Heather Watson failed to defend her title in Osaka and ended the year ranked 112
Konta began 2014 at the Shenzhen Open, losing to 15-year-old wildcard Xu Shilin in the first qualifying round.[40] Together with her Austrian partner Patricia Mayr-Achleitner, she reached the semi-finals in doubles, losing to the Ukrainian sisters Lyudmyla and Nadiia Kichenok in straight sets.[41] The following week, seeded third in Australian Open qualifying, Konta won her first match against Grace Min,[42] but lost for the second year in succession in the second qualifying round, in straight sets to Ukrainian Olga Savchuk.[43]

After retiring in her first-round match at a $25k event in Sunderland and losing in qualifying for the Open GdF Suez in Paris, Konta helped Great Britain to a 2–1 win over Latvia in their first round robin match at the Fed Cup as she battled to victory over Diāna Marcinkēviča.[44] However, she later lost singles rubbers to Romania's world number ten Simona Halep[45] and Hungary's Tímea Babos as Britain were eliminated at the pool stage.[46]

In May, Konta reached the final qualifying round of Roland Garros for the first time, defeating Sachia Vickery,[47] and Paula Kania,[48] before losing to Yuliya Beygelzimer.[49]

Konta then moved into the grass-court season by playing at the Aegon Classic as a wild card. She beat 14th seed Kurumi Nara in straight sets,[50] before losing to Aleksandra Wozniak in the second round.[51]

Konta was awarded another wild card to compete at the Aegon International in Eastbourne, where she defeated 2013 Wimbledon junior champion Belinda Bencic in straight sets.[52] This set up a meeting with world No. 42 Camila Giorgi, who had stunned fourth seed Victoria Azarenka in the first round.[52] Despite holding a match point at 5–4 up in the final set, Konta lost to the Italian.[53] Nevertheless, her first-round success was enough to propel Konta into the top 100 as she reached a career-high of 89 in July, before falling back as she failed to replenish the ranking points won from her successes in the second half of the previous year.

Konta gained direct entry into the Wimbledon main draw, losing a tight three-set match to Peng Shuai in the first round.[54]

Konta's next tournament was the Istanbul Cup, where she won through qualifying as the top seed. She was again drawn with Kurumi Nara in the first round, losing to the sixth-seeded Japanese in straight sets.[55] She then moved across to North America to play the Connecticut Open; she also encountered a recent opponent here as she faced top seed Peng Shuai in the second qualifying round and was eliminated.

Her ranking gave her a second consecutive direct entry to a Grand Slam main draw as she played the US Open, but she suffered a 'wasted opportunity' as she was beaten in the opening round by Shahar Pe'er.[56]

Konta then suffered opening-round defeats at Quebec City, and in the qualifying in Luxembourg. She also played on the ITF circuit, reaching the semifinals at Albuquerque and the second round at Nantes. She ended the year ranked 150
Konta began the year by entering the qualifying of the WTA Tour events at Shenzhen and Sydney, but did not manage to progress to either of the main draws. She was also eliminated in qualifying at the Australian Open. Konta returned to Europe to join up with the British team for the Fed Cup Euro/Africa Zone Group I.[58] She went 2–2 in singles play as Britain topped their round robin pool,[59] before losing a play-off to Belarus.[60] In the play-off, Konta suffered a heavy defeat against Olga Govortsova, a match that team captain Judy Murray said 'was a catalyst for change' for Konta's success in the later part of the season.[61]

Her sole WTA event between the Australian and French Opens was the BNP Paribas Open at Indian Wells, where she again entered the qualifying competition, winning her opening match against 10th seed Misaki Doi, but being beaten in the final round of qualifying by Kateryna Kozlova. During this period she focused instead on the ITF Circuit, winning her first-round match in each tournament she entered,[62] reaching three quarterfinals, one semifinal and the final of the event in Jackson, Mississippi (lost to Anhelina Kalinina).[63]

Konta made her debut in the main draw at the French Open against Denisa Allertová[64] after she won her way through qualifying without losing a set. Konta narrowly lost to Allertová in a match that included the longest tie-break in French Open history.[65] Konta then returned to the UK, where she was granted wild cards to the WTA Tour grass court events in Nottingham, Birmingham and Eastbourne. At Nottingham, Konta recorded her first top 100 win of 2015[66] in the opening round as she beat World No. 59 and seventh seed for the event Magdaléna Rybáriková. Konta would also beat Monica Puig before exiting in the quarterfinals to eventual tournament runner-up Monica Niculescu.[67][68] Konta then played the WTA Premier event in Birmingham. She beat Jarmila Gajdošová in the first round before running into sixth seed Karolína Plíšková; Konta took the opening set off Plíšková, then ranked 13 in the world, but would eventually lose in three sets in a match played over two days.[69] Konta's conqueror ended the tournament as the runner-up for the second week in a row.[70]

Konta's next event was in her hometown of Eastbourne.[71] In the opening round, she upset Zarina Diyas,[72] before claiming a 'major scalp' by beating world No. 8 and recent Grand Slam semifinalist Ekaterina Makarova, who was the 4th seed for the event, in the second round.[73] Konta continued her run by beating 14th seed Garbiñe Muguruza,[74] before losing to Belinda Bencic in a three-set quarterfinal.[75] Bencic became the third consecutive player to beat Konta en route to the final of an event, as the rising Swiss star won the Eastbourne title.[76]

The draw for Wimbledon paired Konta, who entered with a wild card, with former champion Maria Sharapova.[77] The match was scheduled for Centre Court,[78] with Sharapova winning efficiently.[79] After Wimbledon, Konta returned to action at the ITF event in Granby, QC; she entered as the top seed, and took the title without dropping a set.[80] Konta's next event saw her reclaim the Vancouver singles crown, beating Kirsten Flipkens in the final, and also secure the doubles title with Maria Sanchez.[81]

The Vancouver singles victory moved Konta back into the world top 100 players ahead of the US Open,[82] which she entered at the qualifying stage as the third seed. She progressed to the main draw with wins against Réka Luca Jani,[83] Naomi Osaka[84] and Tamira Paszek.[85] Prior to this, Konta had won just one Grand Slam main draw match in her career, but now added victories over Louisa Chirico,[86] ninth seed Muguruza, and 18th seed Andrea Petkovic, extending her winning streak to 16 matches and setting up a last-16 meeting with two-time Wimbledon champion Petra Kvitová.[87] The match against Muguruza lasted 3 hours and 23 minutes, the longest women's match at the US Open since the tie-break was introduced in 1970.[88] It was also Konta's second top-10 win, and increased her head-to-head record against the Spaniard to 2–0. Kvitová ended Konta's run as the Czech fifth seed won in two tight sets.[89] The points accrued during the North American swing lifted Konta to a new career-high singles ranking of world No. 58.[90]

Konta's first event after the US Open was the Wuhan Open, a Premier-5 event, the second highest level on the WTA Tour. Having won through qualifying,[91] Konta was drawn against Andrea Petkovic in the opening round, a rematch of their New York meeting. She won once again[92] to advance to a second-round encounter with Grand Slam champion and former World number one Victoria Azarenka, who retired after losing the first set.[93] In the third round, Konta faced top seed and world number two Simona Halep, who came into the match leading the WTA in hardcourt victories.[94] Halep established a 5–1 lead in the deciding set, only for Konta to take six consecutive games as she came back to win.[95] She exited in the quarterfinals after a three-set battle with Venus Williams,[96] who would go on to win the tournament.[97] Konta's run in Wuhan saw her break into the top 50 for the first time, as her ranking reached another new career high at world No. 49. She also took over from Heather Watson as the British number one.[98]

Konta's final event of the season was the Linz Open. She entered in qualifying, where she was the top seed, but lost to Klára Koukalová in the final round, her first defeat against a lower-ranked player since May.[99] However, Konta received an entry to the main draw despite the loss, as she was awarded a Lucky loser spot after Anna Karolína Schmiedlová withdrew due to illness.[100] She eased past Annika Beck in the opening round, but went out at the next stage to Madison Brengle.[101] Her year-end ranking was 47.[102] Konta's successful year was recognized by being nominated at the annual WTA Awards. She was a finalist in the Most Improved Player category,[103] but missed out on the award to French Open semifinalist Timea Bacsinszky.[104]

2016: First Grand Slam semifinal, top 10 debut, first WTA title
Konta had a slow start to 2016 as she was eliminated in the first round at Shenzhen, where she was the fifth seed (her first seeding at WTA Tour level) and also at Hobart.

Konta's next event saw her make her main-draw debut at the Australian Open. In the opening round, she faced world No. 10, Venus Williams, who was seeded eighth. The match was played on Rod Laver Arena, with Konta winning in straight sets.[105] Konta backed up her win by beating Zheng Saisai[106] and Denisa Allertová,[107] setting up a fourth-round clash with 21st seed Ekaterina Makarova. Konta recovered from a set behind to defeat the Russian and reach her first Grand Slam quarterfinal.[108] Konta defeated qualifier Zhang Shuai in the last 8[109] before her run ultimately came to an end in the semifinals, where she lost to eventual champion Angelique Kerber in straight sets.[6] Nonetheless, she became the first British female player to reach a Grand Slam singles semifinal in 32 years.[110] Konta also teamed up with countrywoman Heather Watson to play the doubles. They beat a seeded pair in the opening round before exiting at the next stage. Konta was at new career highs in the post-tournament rankings, moving up to world No. 28 for singles[111] and breaking into the top 100 for the first time in doubles, at world No. 95. She also passed the $1 million mark for career earnings.[112]

Konta took a brief break due to illness following the Australian Open,[113] returning to action for the spring North American hard court swing. She was the fourth seed for the Mexican Open in Acapulco, where she exited in the second round, and also for the Monterrey Open, where she reached the quarterfinals and lost to Kirsten Flipkens. Konta then moved to the United States to participate in the Premier-Mandatory events, the highest level on the WTA Tour, at Indian Wells and Miami. She was seeded 25th at Indian Wells, which gave her a bye into the second round where she defeated Madison Brengle. Konta then beat Denisa Allertová, before exiting in the fourth round to 18th seed Karolína Plíšková.[114] Konta moved on to Miami, where she was seeded 24th, which again saw her benefit from a bye to the second round. Wins over Danka Kovinić and Elena Vesnina took Konta to the last 16, where she beat 32nd seed Monica Niculescu.[115] She lost in the quarterfinals to Victoria Azarenka,[116] who was en route to completing the Indian Wells/Miami double.[117] Konta's form in North America saw her rise to a new career-high ranking of 21.[118]

The WTA Tour then made its spring switch to clay. Konta had a disappointing start on the surface as she lost her opening match in Stuttgart, before retiring with illness during the first round in Madrid.[119] Her form improved in Rome as she beat Johanna Larsson and then upset world number seven Roberta Vinci,[120] before exiting in the third round to Misaki Doi. Konta moved on to Paris for the French Open. She was 20th seed, the first time she had been seeded at a Grand Slam, but was eliminated in the opening round by Julia Görges.[121]

Konta entered the grass-court season as world No. 18 as her ranking climbed to a new high despite her opening-round loss at Roland Garros.[122] After early losses at the Nottingham Open and the Aegon Classic in Birmingham, Konta reached the semifinal in Eastbourne, the site of her breakout performance in 2015. Her run included a victory over two-time Wimbledon champion Petra Kvitová in the third round,[123] but was ended in the last four by Karolína Plíšková.
Konta was the first home player to be seeded in the ladies singles at Wimbledon in over 30 years as she took the No. 16 spot.[125] She recorded her first ever win at the venue by beating Monica Puig in a rain-affected opening round match,[126] but went out at the next stage to former finalist Eugenie Bouchard.[127] Following Wimbledon, Konta changed surface to hard courts to play the Stanford Classic. In the semifinals she beat Dominika Cibulková,[128] who had led the WTA in match wins at the time.[129] Konta then defeated two-time former champion Venus Williams in the final to claim her first WTA title.[8] The following week, she reached the quarterfinals of the Canadian Open,[130] the Women's portion of which was held in Montreal. She was within one victory of breaking into the top ten, but missed out on the landmark after suffering a surprise defeat to Kristína Kučová.[131]

The Rio Summer Olympics was Konta's next event, as she represented Britain in singles, women's doubles and mixed doubles. She was seeded 10th in singles, easing past Stephanie Vogt (Liechtenstein) and Caroline Garcia (France) in the first and second round respectively. Konta reached the quarterfinals after she beat Svetlana Kuznetsova (Russia) in the third round,[132] but was knocked out in the last-eight by Angelique Kerber (Germany).[7] Konta partnered Heather Watson in doubles, reaching the second round before exiting to Chinese Taipei (Chan Hao-ching and Chan Yung-jan).[133] She teamed up with Jamie Murray in the mixed, losing in the opening round to the eventual gold medallists (the United States pairing of Bethanie Mattek-Sands and Jack Sock).[134]

After Rio, the WTA Tour resumed with the Cincinnati Open. Konta reached the third round before going out to Agnieszka Radwańska.[135] She moved on to the US Open recording victories in the opening two rounds over Bethanie Mattek-Sands[136] and Tsvetana Pironkova. The win over Pironkova came despite a health scare towards the end of the second set, Konta collapsing on court and requiring medical attention before she could continue.[137] Konta took just 52 minutes to beat 24th seed Belinda Bencic in the third-round,[138] matching her run to the last 16 from the previous year. She was eliminated at that stage by Anastasija Sevastova.[139]

The final weeks of the season saw Konta with the opportunity of breaking into the top ten and qualifying for the WTA Finals for the first time.[140] Her first event on the Far Eastern leg of the WTA Tour was the Wuhan Open. A repeat of her Australian Open quarterfinal victory over Zhang Shuai[141] took Konta to the third round. There she defeated Carla Suárez Navarro[142] to record her fifth top ten win of 2016 and set up a last-eight meeting with Petra Kvitová,[143] where she was knocked out of the competition.[144] The following week saw Konta in Beijing for the China Open. She was drawn to face Sevastova in the opening round in a re-match of their US Open meeting of a few weeks prior, Konta gaining revenge for the defeat in New York.[145] Victory over Tímea Babos at the next stage set up a third-round clash with Karolína Plíšková,[146] which Konta won,[147] reversing a previous 0–5 head-to-head record against the Czech.[148] Konta progressed to the semifinal by beating Chinese No. 1, Zhang Shuai, for the second successive week.[149] She defeated Madison Keys in the last four to reach her first Premier Mandatory final. Victory over Keys saw Konta enter the top ten for the first time in her career, making her the first British woman since Jo Durie in 1984 to be ranked amongst the elite of the WTA. It also lifted her into a qualifying place for the WTA Finals.[5] Konta was beaten in the final by Agnieszka Radwańska.[150]

Konta attempted to consolidate her Tour Finals place in Hong Kong, but an abdominal strain forced her to pull out of her second-round match.[151] She slipped outside the qualifying spots when Dominika Cibulková won the tournament in Linz, which secured the last place for the Slovak.[152] However, the subsequent withdrawal of Serena Williams gave Konta another chance.[153] She had already travelled to Singapore to practice,[154] only to be pipped for the final place less than 24 hours before the start of the event when Svetlana Kuznetsova won the title in Moscow.[155] Konta remained at the venue as an alternate,[156] but was unused. Following her eventual absence from the WTA Finals' lineup, Konta entered the WTA Elite Trophy in Zhuhai, China. She was placed in the Azalea Group alongside Sam Stosur and Caroline Garcia. Konta opened with a win over Stosur that guaranteed she would finish the season ranked inside the WTA's top ten, the first Briton to achieve this since 1983.[157] She then beat Garcia to top the group and progress to a semifinal against Elina Svitolina,[158] which Svitolina won to end Konta's season.[159]

Konta led the 2016 WTA Tour in points won behind second serve, and sat third for top-ten wins, hardcourt-match wins and tie-breaks won. She also featured in the top ten of a number of other statistical categories.[160] Konta was nominated as one of the WTA's Most Improved Players for the second successive year,[161] winning the award comfortably on this occasion with over 80% of the vote.[162] Her end-of-season ranking was No. 10.[163]

After the conclusion of the season, Konta announced that she was parting company with her coaching team of Esteban Carril and Jose-Manuel Garcia, despite her 'stellar year'.[164]

2017: Miami Open champion, Wimbledon semifinalist, mixed results
Konta started working with Belgian coach Wim Fissette during pre-season training.[165] Their professional relationship began with Konta's reaching the semifinals of her first event of the new campaign in Shenzhen, before being beaten in the last-four by eventual champion, Kateřina Siniaková.[166] The following week in Sydney, she claimed her second WTA title, beating world number three Agnieszka Radwańska in the final. Konta did not lose a set in the entire tournament.[167]

Ahead of the Australian Open Konta was widely regarded as a contender for the title.[168][169][170][171] She recorded victories over Kirsten Flipkens,[172] Naomi Osaka,[173] former world No. 1, Caroline Wozniacki,[174] where she hit 31 winners to six and did not face a single break point on serve,[175] and 30th seed Ekaterina Makarova to reach the quarterfinals without dropping a set.[176] Konta was then beaten in the last-eight by the eventual champion, Serena Williams.[177]

Her next action was in the Fed Cup Euro/Africa Zone Group I. Konta won her three singles matches in the round-robin pool as Britain reached a promotion play-off against Croatia. In the play-off Konta suffered a surprise singles defeat against Ana Konjuh, but then teamed up with Heather Watson to beat Konjuh and Darija Jurak in the decisive doubles and send Britain forward to a World Group II play-off later in the year.[178]

Watson went from teammate to opponent as Konta won an all-British clash in the second round at Indian Wells,[179] before exiting at the next stage against Caroline Garcia.[180] The WTA Tour then traversed the United States to Miami, where Konta progressed to a quarterfinal meeting with third seed Simona Halep. Halep was twice two points from victory, when serving for the match at 5–4 in the second set and again in the subsequent tie-break, but both times Konta recovered and eventually won in three sets.[181] She then defeated Venus Williams in the semifinal to progress through to her second Premier Mandatory final.[182] There, she defeated Caroline Wozniacki to win the biggest title of her career to date, ensuring her re-entry into the WTA's top ten at a new career-high ranking of No. 7.[9] With Premier Mandatory events second only to Grand Slams in terms prestige, some commentators rated Konta's Miami triumph as the most notable title for a British women since Virginia Wade had won Wimbledon 40 years previously.[183]

Following her Miami triumph, Konta returned to Europe and joined back-up with the British Fed Cup team as they travelled to face Romania in the World Group II Play-offs.[184] The tie was marked by a number of incidents involving Romanian captain Ilie Năstase,[185][186][187] culminating in him being first removed from the court and then having his accreditation revoked, effectively excluding him from the venue for the remainder of the tie, after he verbally abused Konta and British team skipper Anne Keothavong during the former's opening day singles rubber against Sorana Cîrstea.[188] Konta broke down in tears over the abuse following Nastase's ejection, with play being suspended to allow her time to compose herself. Konta had been trailing in the second set prior to the interruption, but on resumption won five successive games to overturn the deficit and win the match, which levelled the tie at one rubber each.[188] Konta subsequently lost to Simona Halep as Romania won by three rubbers to two.[189] Năstase was later fined and banned for his behavior.[190]

In the wake of the controversial Fed Cup tie Konta returned to WTA play for the clay-court season. Her first event on the surface was at Stuttgart, where she was eliminated in the second round by Anastasija Sevastova. She also lost in the opening round in Madrid to Laura Siegemund, and the third round in Rome to Venus Williams. Konta was seeded seventh in the French Open, but was upset by Taiwan's Hsieh Su-wei the first round. She remained yet to win a main draw match in Paris.[191]

Konta began the grass-court swing in Nottingham, where she was the top seed. She reached the final, her first at Tour level on home soil and on grass, but was upset by Donna Vekić in the title match.[192] The following week saw Konta eliminated in the second round in Birmingham. She then competed at the Eastbourne International. Following a bye into the second round, Konta beat Sorana Cîrstea,[193] French Open champion Jelena Ostapenko and world No. 1 Angelique Kerber to reach the semifinals.[194] She pulled out of the tournament on the morning of her semifinal because of a back injury she sustained in her quarterfinal match against Kerber, raising questions over her fitness for Wimbledon the following week.[195]

Konta showed no ill-effects of the injury as she faced Hsieh Su-wei in the opening round of a grand slam for the second time in a row, defeating her in straight sets.[196] In the second round she recorded a three set victory over Donna Vekić in a rematch of the Nottingham final.[197] Wins against Maria Sakkari and Caroline Garcia saw Konta reach the quarterfinals, where she defeated second seed Simona Halep, denying Halep the world No. 1 ranking and becoming the first British woman to reach the Wimbledon singles semifinals since Virginia Wade in 1978.[10] She was beaten in the last four by Venus Williams.[198] Konta's ranking reached a new career high of world No. 4.[199]

Having opted to skip the defence of her Stanford title, Konta began her North American hard court swing in Toronto. Her opening match was against Ekaterina Makarova, which she lost despite holding match points in the second set.[200] The following week in Cincinnati, she reached the quarterfinals with wins over Kiki Bertens and Dominika Cibulková, before losing to Simona Halep in the quarterfinal.[201]

Konta then lost her first match in her next four tournaments. She lost to Aleksandra Krunić at the US Open,[202] to Barbora Strýcová in Tokyo,[203] to Ashleigh Barty in Wuhan[204] and to Monica Niculescu in Beijing.[205] As a result, on 9 October her ranking had fallen to number ten. After withdrawing from the Kremlin Cup in Moscow as a result of a foot injury, she narrowly missed out on qualification for the WTA Finals for the second year running, with Caroline Garcia claiming the final spot at the year-end championship. On 18 October, Konta revealed that she and coach Wim Fissette would be parting and she would be ending her season, passing up being a reserve for the Finals or playing in the WTA Elite Trophy in Zhuhai. She confirmed the rest of her team would remain the same and she would be looking for a new coach "as soon as possible", and thanked Fissette for his "patience, hard work and expertise".[206] Konta's end-of-season ranking was world number nine.[207]

For being the first woman since 1978 to reach the Wimbledon semifinal and the first to win a Premier Mandatory title, Konta was nominated for the 2017 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award, placing 11th of the 12 nominees on the public's vote.[208]

2018: Struggle with form
Konta hired Michael Joyce as her new coach during the off-season.[209] In her first tournament of the year in Brisbane, Konta reached her first quarterfinal since August 2017 before retiring with a hip injury.[210] She was unable to defend her title at Sydney the following week, losing in the first round. At the Australian Open, Konta was knocked out in the second round by world No. 123, lucky loser Bernarda Pera.[211]

Following the Australian Open, Konta played for Britain in the Fed Cup Europe/Africa Group 1. Following a straightforward win over Maria João Koehler, Konta 'survived a scare' to beat Anett Kontaveit as Britain beat hosts Estonia to set up a play-off against Hungary.[212] Konta beat Fanny Stollár as Britain progressed to the World Group II play-offs. Britain were hoping to be drawn at home for the first time since 1993, but instead were handed a tie away to Japan.[213]

On resuming WTA play, Konta was elimiated prior to the quarterfinals of her next three tournaments,[214][215][216] before failing to defend her title in Miami, losing in the fourth round to Venus Williams.[217] She also exited early in the clay court event at Charleston.

Konta next played in Britain's Fed Cup tie with Japan. She won both her singles rubbers, beating Kurumi Nara and recently crowned Indian Wells champion Naomi Osaka. However Britain were beaten in the other two singles rubbers to send the tie to a deciding doubles. Konta and Heather Watson were brought in as late replacements to play this, and though they won the opening set against the Japanese pairing of Miyu Kato and Makoto Ninomiya, the hosts fought back to win the rubber and claim overall victory.[218]

After the Fed Cup Konta returned to clay court action. Her struggles on the surface continued as she suffered an early defeat in Madrid. Her form picked up in Rome,[219] where she reached the third round before exiting to Jeļena Ostapenko.[220] Konta lost in the first round of the French Open to No. 93 Yulia Putintseva in straight sets. At the time, she had never won a main-draw match at the French Open and in her post-match press conference she launched a scathing attack on the media.[221]

Grass brought a upturn as Konta reached her first final of the year in Nottingham after defeating defending champion Donna Vekić in the semifinals in a rerun of the 2017 final of the same event.[222] She was looking to become the first British player to win a WTA Tour level title on home soil since Sue Barker in 1981, but was beaten in the final by Ashleigh Barty.[223] However the resurrgence in form was temporary as following this Konta suffered a first round loss in Birmingham, a second round loss in Eastbourne, and a second round loss at Wimbledon. Post-Wimbledon, her ranking dropped to 50 – her lowest since September 2015.[224]

Konta's first tournament after Wimbledon was in San Jose. She was paired her with multiple Grand Slam champion Serena Williams in the first round and handed Williams the heaviest defeat of her career, the Briton winning 6–1, 6–0.[225] She then beat Sofia Kenin before losing to fourth seed Elise Mertens in the quarterfinals.[226] She followed this by reaching the third round in Canadian Open before losing to Elina Svitolina and then losing in the first round of Cincinnati to Aryna Sabalenka. Konta's struggles had seen ranking had slip outside the top 32, leading to her being drawn against sixth seed Caroline Garcia in the opening round of the US Open; she lost to continue a poor run of form in Grand Slam matches since her Wimbledon semifinal run of the previous year.[227]

Post the US Open Konta entered the Pan Pacific Open in Japan where she lost in the second round to Donna Vekic in two tight sets. She lost to Ashleigh Barty in the first round of the Wuhan. She also lost to Julia Görges in the opening round of the Beijing. Following these defeats Konta split with coach Michael Joyce[228] and agreed a trial with Dimitri Zavialoff for the final event of the regular WTA season in Moscow.[229] This provided an upbeat ending for Konta as she defeated Elise Mertens, Daria Gavrilova and Aliaksandra Sasnovich to reach her second semifinal of the year.[230] She lost to Daria Kasatkina in the last four,[231] who went on to win the tournament. This run moved Konta's end-of-year ranking up to 39 in the world.[232] Following the successful trial at the Kremlin Cup, Konta hired Zavialoff as her coach on a permanent basis.[233]

2019: Return to top 20, French Open semifinal, Wimbledon quarterfinal, US Open quarterfinal
Konta started the year at the Brisbane International by defeating third seed Sloane Stephens before losing to Ajla Tomljanović in the second round. She received a lucky loser berth from qualifying for the Sydney International but withdrew with a neck injury. At the Australian Open she defeated Tomljanovic in a rematch of their Brisbane meeting, before losing in the second round to Garbine Muguruza in a marathon three set match that had the latest start in Australian Open history and ended after 3am local time.[234]

Konta's next played the Fed Cup. Britain's ties in Europe/Africa Group 1 took place in Bath after the LTA were awarded co-hosting rights. This was the first time that the British Fed Cup team had played on home soil in 26 years.[235] Konta recorded wins over Dalila Jakupović, Maria Sakkari and Anna Bondár as Britain topped their opening round pool with a 100% record to set up a promotional play-off with Serbia.[236] Following a victory for teammate Katie Boulter in the opening rubber, Konta beat Aleksandra Krunić in a dramatic match to seal Britain's progress to a World Group play-off despite collapsing off-court after the end of the second set and requiring a medical timeout.[237] Konta won a Fed Cup Heart Award for her efforts.[238]

Konta opted not to play in either Doha or Dubai, instead returning to WTA action for the North American spring hardcourt swing. Her first event was in Acapulco where she defeated Laura Siegemund in the first round, followed by victory over Varvara Flink before losing in the quarterfinals to Donna Vekić. At Indian Wells she defeated Pauline Parmentier and 27th seed Hsieh Su-wei, but went out to Kiki Bertens in the third round. In Miami she lost in the second round to Wang Qiang of China.

Konta returned to Europe to rejoin Britain's Fed Cup team for their World Group II play-off against Kazakhstan. This was played at the Copper Box Arena in London. It was the first time the venue had hosted international team Tennis.[239] In the play-off Konta twice recovered from a set down to beat Zarina Diyas and Yulia Putintseva. Konta's two victories took her winning run in Fed Cup singles play up to 11 matches.[240] Teammate Boulter completed Britain's victory by three rubbers to one as she beat Putinseva. Britain were therefore promoted to World Group II for 2020.[241]

After returning from Fed Cup duties Konta entered the Morocco Open as the seventh seed. She saved three match points during her first round match against Wang Yafan before rallying to outlast the Chinese player in three sets and progress to a second round encounter with Ana Bogdan.[242] She beat Bogdan and followed that by ousting Hsieh, the tournament's second seed, to reach the semifinals. There she defeated Tomljanovic[243] to reach her first ever clay court final; Konta lost in the final to Greece’s Maria Sakkari despite being a set and a break up.[244]

At the Madrid Open she defeated American Alison Riske to advance to a second round match against third seed Simona Halep, which she lost in straight sets. The following week in Rome Konta once again defeated Riske in the first round, moving on to face seventh seed Sloane Stephens. She lost the first set, however came back to win in three. Her third round match came later the same day due to a rain delay. She defeated Venus Williams to move into her first Premier level clay court quarterfinal.[245] Konta defeated Czech teenager Markéta Vondroušová to reach the semifinals. Konta advanced to the final after defeating Madrid Open champion Bertens; in the final she was beaten by Karolína Plíšková in straight sets.[246] Following her Italian Open run, Konta's ranking improved to 26 in the world, securing her a seeding at the upcoming French Open.[247]

Konta came to Roland Garros having not won a main draw match at the venue in four previous attempts. She finally broke her 'curse' by beating Antonia Lottner in the first round,[248] and went on to advance to the semifinals. Her run included victory over Vekic in the fourth round[249] and a third win of the year against Stephens in the quarterfinals. By reaching the semifinals, Konta became the first British female player to reach that stage of the French Open since Jo Durie in 1983.[250] Konta was defeated in the semifinal by the unseeded Vondrousova in two tight sets.[251] She returned to the Top 20 in the WTA Rankings after this run.[252]

Konta started her grass-court campaign with a win over Anett Kontaveit in the first round of the Birmingham Classic. She lost to Jelena Ostapenko in the second round. At Eastbourne Konta reached the third round before losing to Ons Jabeur. She was seeded 19th at Wimbledon and went on to reach the quarterfinals, picking up her fourth win of the season against Stephens[253] and defeating two-time former champion Petra Kvitová en route.[254] Konta was upset in the last eight by Barbora Strýcová.[255]

Despite losing in the first round of both her US Open warm-up events,[256] once at the Slam Konta went on the best run of her career to date at the venue, beating former top ten player Daria Kasatkina[257] and third seed Karolína Plíšková[258] en route to the quarterfinals.

Playing style
Konta's playing style is focused on offensive baseline play, with fast, flat ground strokes. According to WTA match stats in 2016, she was fourth in ace counts, won 62% of her service points, 74.8% of service games and won most of the second serve points at 52.7%.[259] She prefers to attack from the baseline, rather than to come to the net to volley. Konta has been criticized by former pro players for a lack of mental toughness and a lack of variety or a "plan B" in tough match situations,[260][261] but after hiring Dimitri Zavialoff as her coach, she has utilised more drop shots and has played more at the net. Grass is her favourite surface, but the majority of her success has come on hard courts.[262]

Endorsements
Konta's clothing sponsor was Asics until 2019, when she switched to Ellesse.[citation needed] Her racquet sponsor is Babolat. She endorses the Babolat Pure Aero range of racquets.[263] In 2017, she became the first UK ambassador of Nature Valley cereal bars as part of their British Tennis partnership. In 2019 British accessories brand Radley named Konta as its second celebrity brand ambassador, as the face of its new Radley Spirit campaign. In addition to fronting the Radley Spirit campaign ahead of Wimbledon, Konta will also be curating a collection of her favourite pieces from the spring/summer 2019 collection, the Johanna Konta collection.

Coaching
Konta initially trained at the Sanchez-Casal Academy in Barcelona, before her parents decided to settle in Britain in 2005,[264] and at the Roddick Lavalle Academy in Texas.[265] In January 2011, she started training at the Weybridge Tennis Academy in England under the guidance of coach Justin Sherring.[266] She trained at the National Tennis Academy in Roehampton with LTA-supplied coaches Louis Cayer and, from mid-2012, Julien Picot.[267][268] In December 2012, the Lawn Tennis Association announced that Konta was one of 21 players set to receive the LTA's funding next season, which is supported through Team Aegon.[269]

At the start of 2014, she split from Picot for personal reasons.[270] In August 2014, when the LTA decided to close the National Tennis Centre as a base for elite players, Konta began working with Spanish coach Esteban Carril.[270] At the end of 2014, Konta began receiving help from mental coach Juan Coto, a friend of Carril's based in London.[271][272] A dramatic cut in her LTA funding for 2015 encouraged Konta to move her training base to Gijon in northern Spain, where Esteban Carril and Jose-Manuel Garcia oversaw an increasingly rapid rise up the rankings. Supporters of the LTA's austerity drive argued this was a benefit of their tough love policy,[273][274] though Konta disagreed that that was the case.[275] After her mental coach Coto died suddenly in November 2016,[276] Konta maintained that she would continue to benefit from his influence: "He’s still very much a part of everything that I do, everything that I will continue to do in this sport and this career. He has gifted me with an incredible amount of tools and habits".[277]

Konta split with Carril and Garcia in December 2016.[164] Prior to the 2017 season, Konta recruited Belgian Wim Fissette to be her main coach.[1] She also appointed Andrew Fitzpatrick as her hitting partner, and as a deputy coach when Fissette is absent.[278] Konta and Fissette mutually ended this partnership in October 2017 after a poor run in the Asian tournaments. Konta retained the rest of her team and said she would spend the off-season looking for a new coach.[206] On 6 December 2017, Konta announced she was hiring Michael Joyce for the 2018 season.[209] On 10 October 2018, Konta announced that she had split with Joyce.[228] She immediately commenced a trial period with Dimitri Zavialoff, a former coach of Stanislas Wawrinka, hiring him on a permanent basis 3 weeks later.

الأحد، 1 سبتمبر 2019

Handmaids Tale

The Handmaid's Tale is an American dystopian drama web television series created by Bruce Miller, based on the 1985 novel of the same name by Margaret Atwood. It was ordered by the streaming service Hulu as a straight-to-series order of 10 episodes, for which production began in late 2016. The plot features a dystopia following a Second American Civil War wherein a totalitarian society subjects fertile women, called "Handmaids", into child-bearing slavery.[3]

The first three episodes of the series premiered on April 26, 2017; the subsequent seven episodes were released every Wednesday. In May 2017, the series was renewed for a second season which premiered on April 25, 2018.[4] In May 2018, Hulu renewed the series for a third season,[5] which premiered on June 5, 2019.[6] In July 2019, the series was renewed for a fourth season.[7]

The Handmaid's Tale has received critical acclaim and its first season won eight Primetime Emmy Awards from thirteen nominations, including Outstanding Drama Series. It is the first show produced by Hulu to win a major award as well as the first series on a streaming service to win an Emmy for Outstanding Series.[8] It also won the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Drama. Elisabeth Moss was also awarded the Golden Globe for Best Actress.
Plot
In a world where fertility rates have collapsed as a result of sexually transmitted diseases and environmental pollution,[9] the totalitarian, theonomic government of Gilead establishes rule in the former United States in the aftermath of a civil war.[10][11][12] Society is organized by power-hungry leaders along with a new, militarized, hierarchical regime of fanaticism and newly-created social classes, in which women are brutally subjugated, and by law are forced to work in very limited roles – and not allowed to own property, handle money, or read.[12]

Worldwide infertility has led to the enslavement of the few remaining fertile women in Gilead, citing an extremist interpretation of the Biblical account of Bilhah. These women, called Handmaids,[12] are assigned to the homes of the ruling elite, where they must submit to ritualized rape by their male masters in order to become pregnant and bear children for those men and their wives. They assume a name created by the addition of the prefix Of- to the first name of the man who owns them. When they are transferred, their names are changed.

Along with the Handmaids, much of society is now grouped into classes that dictate their freedoms and duties. Women are divided into a small range of social categories, each one signified by a plain dress in a specific color: Handmaids wear long red dresses, heavy boots and white coifs, with a larger white coif to be worn outside, concealing them from public view and restricting their own vision. Marthas (who are housekeepers and cooks, named after the biblical figure) wear long, loose-fitting dull green garments and cover their hair with headwraps. Upperclass Wives (who are expected to run their households beautifully) wear elegant, tailored dresses in blue and turquoise, cut in styles evoking the 1950s. They wear high heels, their hair is carefully coiffed, and they wear gloves and hats when out of doors.[13]

Econowives, the lower-class women who still have minimal agency, are a sort of mixture of all these categories, and they wear shades of gray (a departure from the book in which Econowives wear clothing striped with the aforementioned colors). Female prisoners are called Unwomen and, wearing rags, are worked to death clearing toxic waste in the Colonies.

Another class of women, Aunts (who train, oversee and discipline the Handmaids), wear brown. Jezebels are forced into prostitution in secret brothels catering to the elite ruling class. They wear otherwise-forbidden evening clothes, costumes, and lingerie from “before”.

Among the men of Gilead, the Eyes are secret police watching over the general populace for signs of rebellion, Hunters track down people attempting to flee the country.

June Osborne, renamed Offred (Elisabeth Moss), is the Handmaid assigned to the home of the Gileadan Commander Fred Waterford (Joseph Fiennes) and his wife Serena Joy (Yvonne Strahovski). The Waterfords, key players in the rise of Gilead, struggle with the realities of the society they helped create.

During "the time before", June was married and had a daughter. At the beginning of the story, while attempting to flee Gilead with her husband and daughter, June was captured and forced to become a Handmaid because of the adultery she and her husband committed. Her daughter was taken and given to an upper-class family to raise, and her husband escaped into Canada. Much of the plot revolves around June's desire to be reunited with her husband and daughter.
Main
Elisabeth Moss as June Osborne / Offred / Ofjoseph, a woman who was captured while attempting to escape to Canada with her husband, Luke, and daughter, Hannah. Due to her fertility, she is made a Handmaid to Commander Fred Waterford and his wife, Serena Joy as "Offred". Now she is with Commander Joseph Lawrence as "Ofjoseph".
Joseph Fiennes as Commander Frederick "Fred" Waterford, a high-ranking government official and June's master. Both he and his wife were instrumental in Gilead's founding. He wishes to have more contact with June outside of what is lawful between a Handmaid and her master, and starts inviting her to play nightly games of Scrabble.
Yvonne Strahovski as Serena Joy Waterford, Fred's wife and a former conservative cultural activist. She appears to have accepted her new role in a society that she helped create. She is poised and deeply religious, but capable of great cruelty and is often callous to June. She is desperate to become a mother.
Alexis Bledel as Dr. Emily Malek Ph.D. / Ofglen / Ofsteven / Ofroy / Ofjoseph, June's shopping partner. Although June is initially wary of her, it is revealed she is not as pious as she seems, and the two become friends. Emily has a wife and son living in Canada and was a university lecturer in cellular biology. Being homosexual is punishable by death in Gilead, and while most intellectuals are worked to their deaths in the Colonies or executed, Emily, as "Ofglen", was spared and later converted into a Handmaid, due to her having "two viable ovaries". She was later captured and cruelly punished as a "gender traitor" for her lesbian relationship with a Martha, and is sent to another household where she becomes "Ofsteven". She is involved with a resistance movement called "Mayday". She was in the process of being worked to death in the toxic fields of the Colonies until the attack on the Red Center had her, Janine, and several others returned to Gilead to resume service as handmaids. After attacking Aunt Lydia at the Lawrence household, she as "Ofjoseph" fears execution, until Commander Lawrence sends her away in a truck with the baby Nichole, whom June hands to her before ditching them to free her other daughter Hannah. Both Emily and Nichole manage to flee to Canada, where she is soon reunited with her wife and son.
Madeline Brewer as Janine Lindo / Ofwarren / Ofdaniel / Ofhoward, a Handmaid who entered the Red Center for training at the same time as June, and considers June a friend due to her kind treatment. Initially non-compliant, Janine has her right eye removed as a punishment. She becomes mentally unstable due to her treatment and often behaves in temperamental or childlike ways. She gives birth to a child for Warren and Naomi Putnam, whom they name "Angela", but Janine insists the baby's name is "Charlotte". Janine is later reassigned and becomes "Ofdaniel". She was temporarily assigned to the Colonies until a bombing leveled the new Rachel and Leah Center on the day of its christening.
Ann Dowd as Aunt Lydia / Miss Clements, a woman in charge of overseeing the Handmaids in their sexual reeducation and duties. She is brutal and subjects insubordinate Handmaids to harsh physical punishment, but she also cares for her charges and believes deeply in the Gileadean mission and doctrine. She appears to have a soft spot for Janine and even goes so far as to address her by her given name on occasion. Before Gilead, she was a religious elementary school teacher named Miss Clements.
O. T. Fagbenle as Luke Bankole, June's husband from before Gilead. Because he is divorced (he and June began their relationship before his divorce from his first wife), their union is nullified in this new society. June is considered an adulteress and their daughter, Hannah, is deemed illegitimate. Initially, June believes he was killed, but it is later revealed Luke managed to escape to Canada.
Max Minghella as Commander Nick Blaine, Commander Waterford's driver and a former drifter from Michigan who has feelings for June. June and Nick develop an intimate relationship and she eventually discovers that he is an Eye, a spy for Gilead. In season 3, he is promoted to Commander.
Samira Wiley as Moira Strand, June's best friend since college. She is already at the Red Center when June enters Handmaid training but escapes before being assigned to a home. She is recaptured and becomes "Ruby", a Jezebel. She seems to have given up hope of ever being free, but on meeting June again regains the conviction to escape. She is now living her life in Canada as a refugee.
Amanda Brugel as Rita (main season 2–present, recurring season 1), a Martha at the Waterford house. She had a son named Matthew, who died fighting in the civil war when he was 19 years old.[14]
Bradley Whitford as Commander Joseph Lawrence (main season 3, recurring season 2), the founder of the Colonies and architect behind Gilead's economy. He is on and off with Mayday. [15][16]
Recurring
Stephen Kunken as Commander Warren Putnam. He's the first known Commander of Janine. He had his left hand amputated by the Council after being found guilty of adultery.
Ever Carradine as Naomi Putnam, Commander Warren Putnam's wife.
Tattiawna Jones as Lillie Fuller / Ofglen (season 1–2), who replaces Emily in the position after Emily is captured by the Eyes. She initially follows the rules and does not wish to upset the status quo, but this is because she believes her life as a Handmaid is better than the difficult, impoverished life she led prior to Gilead, rather than out of religious piety. After refusing to stone Janine, she was clubbed with a rifle by a Guardian, and her tongue (according to Alma) was cut out. After that, she sacrifices herself to bomb a new Red Center on the day of its christening. 26 Commanders and 31 Handmaids were killed as a result.
Nina Kiri as Alma / Ofrobert, another Handmaid who trained at the Red Center with June, Moira, and Janine. She is frank and chatty, and often trades gossip and news with June. She is also involved with Mayday and becomes June's first contact with the resistance group.
Jenessa Grant as Dolores / Ofsamuel, a local Handmaid with a friendly and talkative nature.
Bahia Watson as Brianna / Oferic, another local Handmaid who is friends with June.
Jordana Blake as Hannah Bankole / Agnes MacKenzie, June and Luke's daughter. She is later renamed Agnes.
Edie Inksetter as Aunt Elizabeth, a fellow Aunt who works closely with Aunt Lydia at the Red Center.
Kristen Gutoskie as Beth (season 1, 3), formerly a Martha at Jezebel's. She had an arrangement with Nick whereby she traded illegal alcohol and other contraband for drugs, which the Jezebels use. She has a casual sexual relationship with him and is aware that he is an Eye. She later becomes a Martha in Joseph Lawrence's household.
Erin Way as Erin, a young, apparently mute, woman who was being trained to become a Handmaid but managed to escape to Canada.[17]
Clea DuVall as Sylvia (season 2–present), Emily's wife.[18]
Cherry Jones as Holly Maddox (season 2–present), June's mother, an outspoken feminist.[19]
Sydney Sweeney as Eden Spencer (season 2), a pious and obedient girl who was married off to Nick during a ceremony in episode 5 of season 2. She and Guardian Isaac were executed for "infidelity" by being drowned in a swimming pool.[20]
Sam Jaeger as Mark Tuello (season 2–present), a mysterious stranger whom Serena encounters in Canada.
Greg Bryk as Commander Ray Cushing (season 2)
Rohan Mead as Isaac (season 2), a Guardian who was assigned to the Waterford home. He was executed alonside Eden in a swimming pool.
Julie Dretzin as Eleanor Lawrence (season 2–3), the mentally unstable wife of Commander Lawrence.
Ordena Stephens-Thompson as Frances (season 2–3), the Martha who was assigned to the MacKenzie household. She, along with a few others, was executed for "endangering a sacred child".
Ashleigh LaThrop as Natalie / Ofmatthew (season 3), a devoted Handmaid whose loyalty to Gilead causes divisive tensions amongst her peers.[21]
Sugenja Sri as Sienna (season 3), a new Martha in the Lawrence household.
Jonathan Watton as Commander Matthew Calhoun (season 3), the assigned Commander of Natlaie/Ofmatthew.
Christopher Meloni as High Commander George Winslow (season 3), a High Commander stationed in Washington, D.C. He was murdered by June Osborne at Jezebels and his body was cremated by Marthas there. [22]
Elizabeth Reaser as Olivia Winslow (season 3),[22] the wife of High Commander Winslow.
Sarah McVie as Lena (season 3), a Swiss diplomat negotiating the hostile conflict between Gilead and Canada over Nichole.
Guest
Zabryna Guevara as Mrs. Castillo (season 1), an ambassador from Mexico who visits Gilead to see the effectiveness of the regime.
Christian Barillas as Mr. Flores (season 1), Mrs. Castillo's assistant.
Rosa Gilmore as Zoe (season 1), the daughter of a US army soldier and the leader of the group of survivors whom Luke encounters after being separated from June and Hannah.
Tim Ransom as Mr. Whitford (season 1), a friend of June's mother who helps June, Luke, and Hannah attempt to cross the border.
Marisa Tomei as Mrs. O'Conner (season 2), a Commander's wife who is exiled to the Colonies as punishment for committing a sin to the flesh.[23]
Yahya Abdul-Mateen II as Omar (season 2), a man who helps June attempt to escape.
John Carroll Lynch as Dan (season 2), Emily's boss at the university where she worked.
Kelly Jenrette as Annie (season 2), Luke's ex-wife who was after June for cutting her out of her marriage to Luke prior to Gilead's rise.
Rebecca Rittenhouse as Odette (season 2), a doctor and Moira's deceased fiancée.
Oprah Winfrey (uncredited) as Newsreader (season 2) on a car radio.[24]
Amy Landecker as Mrs. MacKenzie (season 3), Hannah's placement mother in Gilead.
Laila Robins as Pamela Joy (season 3), Serena Joy's mother.
Emily Althaus as Noelle (season 3), a young single mother whose son Aunt Lydia taught before the rise of Gilead.Production
Hulu's straight-to-series order of The Handmaid's Tale was announced in April 2016, with Elisabeth Moss set to star.[25] Based on the 1985 novel of the same name by Margaret Atwood, the series was created by Bruce Miller, who is also an executive producer with Daniel Wilson, Fran Sears, and Warren Littlefield.[25] Atwood serves as consulting producer, giving feedback on some of the areas where the series expands upon or modernizes the book.[25][26] She also played a small cameo role in the first episode.[27] Moss is also a producer.[28] In June 2016, Reed Morano was announced as director of the series.[29] Samira Wiley, Max Minghella, and Ann Dowd joined the cast in July 2016.[30][31][32] Joseph Fiennes, Madeline Brewer, and Yvonne Strahovski were cast in August 2016,[33][34][35] followed by O. T. Fagbenle and Amanda Brugel in September 2016.[36][37] In October 2016, Ever Carradine joined the cast,[38] and Alexis Bledel was added in January 2017.[39]

Filming on the series took place in Toronto, Mississauga, Hamilton, Burlington, Oakville, and Cambridge, Ontario, from September 2016 to February 2017.[40][41] Hulu released the first full trailer of the TV series on YouTube, on March 23, 2017.[42] The series premiered on April 26, 2017.[43]

On May 3, 2017, The Handmaid's Tale was renewed for a second season to premiere in 2018.[44] Moss told the news media that the subsequent episodes would cover further developments in the story, filling in some of the unanswered questions and continuing the narrative already "finished" in the book.[45] The second season consists of 13 episodes and began filming in fall 2017. Alexis Bledel returned as a series regular.[46] Showrunner Bruce Miller stated that he envisioned 10 seasons of the show, stating, "Well, you know, honestly, when I started, I tried to game out in my head what would ten seasons be like? If you hit a home run, you want energy to go around the bases, you want enough story to keep going, if you can hook the audience to care about these people enough that they're actually crying at the finale."[47]

Season 2 was filmed in Ontario, primarily in Toronto, but some scenes were shot in Hamilton and Cambridge.[48]

Season 3 started production in Toronto in October 2018.[49][50] Scenes for season 3 were also filmed in Cambridge and Hamilton, Ontario as well as in Washington, D.C.[51][52][53] Season 3 saw the show's long-serving Director of Photography, Colin Watkinson, make his directorial debut with the episode "Unknown Caller".

Broadcast and release
The first three episodes of the series premiered on April 26, 2017; the subsequent seven episodes were released on a weekly basis.[43][54] In Canada, the series is broadcast weekly by Bravo and the streaming service CraveTV; the first two episodes premiered on April 30, 2017.[55] In Scandinavia, the series is available on HBO Nordic.[56] In the United Kingdom, the series premiered on May 28, 2017, on Channel 4.[57]

In New Zealand, the series was released on the subscription video on demand service Lightbox on June 8, 2017.[58] In Australia, the series premiered on the TV channel SBS's video streaming service SBS on Demand, on July 6, 2017.[59]

In Ireland, the series premiered on February 5, 2018 on RTÉ2, with a showing of the first two episodes.[60] RTÉ also became the first broadcaster in Europe to debut Season 2 and Season 3 following its broadcast in the US and Canada.[61] In Brazil and Latin America, the series premiered on March 7, 2018, on Paramount Channel.[62]

The first season was released on Blu-ray and DVD on March 13, 2018.[63] The second season was released on Blu-ray and DVD on December 4, 2018

TikTok

TikTok is an iOS and Android social media video app for creating and sharing short lip-sync, comedy, and talent videos. The app was launched in 2017 by ByteDance, for markets outside of China. ByteDance has previously launched Douyin (Chinese: 抖音) for the China market in September 2016. TikTok and Douyin are the same, but run on different servers to comply with Chinese censorship restrictions. The application allows users to create short music and lip-sync videos of 3 to 15 seconds[4][5] and short looping videos of 3 to 60 seconds. It is popular in Asia, United States, and other parts of the world.[6] TikTok is not available in China and its servers are based in countries where the app is available.[7]

In 2018, the application gained popularity and became the most downloaded app in the U.S. in October 2018.[8][9] As of 2018, it is available in over 150 markets, and in 75 languages. In February 2019, TikTok, together with Douyin, hit one billion downloads globally, excluding Android installs in China
Evolution
Douyin was launched by ByteDance in China in September 2016.[11] Douyin was developed in 200 days, and within a year got 100 million users, with more than 1 billion videos viewed every day.[12][13] TikTok was launched in the international market in September 2017.[14] On 23 January 2018, the TikTok app ranked #1 among free mobile app downloads on app stores in Thailand and other countries.[15]

TikTok has been downloaded about 80 million times in the United States, and 800 million times worldwide, according to data from mobile research firm Sensor Tower that excludes Android users in China.[16] Celebrities including Jimmy Fallon and Tony Hawk have joined the app in November 2018.[17][18]

musical.ly Merger
On 9 November 2017, TikTok's parent company, ByteDance, spent up to $1 billion to purchase musical.ly, a startup based in Shanghai with an office in Santa Monica, California, owning a popular social media platform targeting the US teenage market.[19][20] Looking forward to leveraging the US digital platform’s young user base, TikTok merged with musical.ly on 2 August 2018 to create a larger video community, with existing accounts and data consolidated into one app, keeping the title TikTok.[20][21][22] Musical.ly was a social media video platform that allowed users to create short lip-sync and comedy videos. Its official release was on August of 2014.

Expansion in other markets
As of 2018, TikTok is now available in over 150 markets, and in 75 languages.[23][24] TikTok was downloaded more than 104 million times on Apple's App store during the full first half of 2018, according to data provided to CNBC by Sensor Tower, an app analytics platform based in San Francisco. It surpassed Facebook, YouTube and Instagram to become the world's most downloaded iOS app for that time period.[25][26]

Douyin
As a separate app from TikTok, Douyin is available from the developer's website and has maintained the same app title since its launch in September 2016.[27] Part of its popularity is attributable to its marketing campaigns, launching several activities with Chinese celebrities to engage their fans' interest. For example, its marketing campaign in 2018 Spring Festival Gala alone brought an increase of 70 million daily active users.[28] In February 2018, Douyin launched a partnership with Modern Sky to monetize music.[29]

Features
The TikTok mobile app allows users to create a short video of themselves which often feature music in the background, can be sped up, slowed down or edited with a filter.[30] To create a music video with the app, users can choose background music from a wide variety of music genres, edit with a filter and record a 15-second video with speed adjustments before uploading it to share with others on TikTok or other social platforms.[31] They can also film short lip-sync videos to popular songs.

The app's "react" feature allows users to film their reaction to a specific video, over which it is placed in a small window that is movable around the screen.[32] Its "duet" feature allows users to film a video aside another video.[33] The “duet” feature was another trademark of musical.ly

The app allows users to set their accounts as "private". Such accounts' content remains visible to TikTok, but is blocked from TikTok users who the account holder has not authorised to view their content.[34] Users can choose whether any other user, or only their "friends", may interact with them through the app via comments, messages, or "react" or "duet" videos.[32][34] Users also can set specific videos to either “public”, “friends only”, or “private” regardless if the account is private or not.

The “for you” page on TikTok is a feed of recommended videos to you based on your previous actions on the app, consisting of what kind of content you’ve liked. Users can only be featured on the “for you” page if they are 16 or over per TikTok policy. Users under 16 will not show up under the “for you” page, under sounds, or under any hashtags. [35]

You can also add videos, hashtags, filters, and sounds you like to your “saved” section. This section shows on your profile (only visible to you) allowing you to refer back to any video, hashtag, filter, or sound you’ve previously saved.

Artificial intelligence
TikTok employs artificial intelligence to analyse users' interests and preferences through their interactions with the content, and display a personalized content feed to each user.[36][37]

Reception
TikTok became the world's most downloaded app on Apple's App Store in the first half of 2018 with an estimated 104 million downloads, surpassing the downloads recorded by PUBG Mobile, YouTube, WhatsApp and Instagram in the same period.[25]

The app has spawned numerous viral trends and internet celebrities around the world, propelled songs to fame, and is known to be popular among celebrities due to its popularity and social influence.[38][39][40][41][42][43] The most well-known viral TikTok meme in the Western world is "hit or miss", from a snippet of iLOVEFRiDAY's "Mia Khalifa" (2018), which has been used in over four million TikTok videos, and helped introduce TikTok to a larger Western audience.[44] The platform has received some criticism, however, for its lack of royalties towards artists whose music is used on their platform.[44]

Privacy, cyberbullying and addiction concerns
Similar to other platforms,[45] journalists in several countries have raised privacy concerns about the app, not least because it is popular with children and may expose them to sexual predators.[45][46][47][48]

Several users have reported endemic cyberbullying on TikTok,[49][50] including racist abuse.[51]

Some users may find it hard to stop using TikTok.[52] In April 2018, an addiction-reduction feature was added to Douyin.[52] This encourages users to take a break every 90 minutes.[52] Later in 2018, the feature was rolled out to the TikTok app.

National security concerns in the US
In January 2019, an investigation by the American think tank Peterson Institute for International Economics described TikTok as a "Huawei-sized problem" that poses a national security threat to the West,[53][54][55] noting the app's popularity with Western users including armed forces personnel, and its ability to convey location, image and biometric data to its Chinese parent company, which is legally unable to refuse to share data to the Chinese government.[54][55] TikTok’s parent company ByteDance told Bloomberg that TikTok is not available in China and its data is stored outside of China.[56]

Censorship
On 3 July 2018, TikTok was banned in Indonesia, after the Indonesian government accused it of promulgating "pornography, inappropriate content and blasphemy."[57][58][59][60][61] Shortly afterwards, TikTok pledged to task 20 staff with censoring TikTok content in Indonesia,[58] and the ban was lifted on 11 July 2018.[57]

In November 2018, the Bangladeshi government blocked the TikTok app's internet access.[62]

Also in 2018, Douyin was reprimanded by Chinese media watchdogs for showing "unacceptable" content, such as videos depicting adolescent pregnancies.[61]

In January 2019, the Chinese government said that it would start to hold app developers like ByteDance responsible for user content shared via apps such as Douyin,[63] and listed 100 types of content that the Chinese government would censor.[64][65]

In February 2019, several Indian politicians called for TikTok to be banned or more tightly regulated, after concerns emerged about sexually explicit content, cyberbullying, and deepfakes.[66]

Trends
There are a variety of trends within TikTok, including memes, lip-synced songs, and comedies. Duets, a feature that allows users to add their own video to an existing video with the original content's audio, have led to most of these trends.

Trends are showed on the explore page on TikTok, or the page with the search logo. The page enlists the trending hashtags and challenges among the app. Some include #posechallenge, #filterswitch, #makeeverysecondcount, #wannalisten, #pillowchallenge, #furrywar, #hitormiss , #bottlecapchallenge and more.
Legal issues
Indonesian block
Indonesia temporarily blocked the TikTok app on 3 July 2018 amid public concern about illegal contents such as pornography and blasphemy. The app was unblocked one week later after making various changes, including removing negative content, opening a government liaison office, and implementing age restrictions and security mechanisms.[68]

Tencent lawsuits
Tencent's WeChat platform has been accused of blocking Douyin’s videos.[69][70] In April 2018, Douyin sued Tencent and accused it of spreading false and damaging information on its WeChat platform, demanding RMB 1 million in compensation and an apology. In June 2018, Tencent filed a lawsuit against Toutiao and Douyin in a Beijing court, alleging they had repeatedly defamed Tencent with negative news and damaged its reputation, seeking a nominal sum of RMB 1 in compensation and a public apology.[71] In response, Toutiao filed a complaint the following day against Tencent for allegedly unfair competition and asking for RMB 90 million in economic losses.[72]

US COPPA fines
On 27 February 2019, the United States Federal Trade Commission fined ByteDance US$5.7 million for collecting information from minors under the age of 13 in violation of the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act.[73] ByteDance responded by adding a kids-only mode to TikTok which blocks the upload of videos, the building of user profiles, direct messaging, and commenting on other's videos, while still allowing the viewing and recording of content.[74]

Brief ban in India
On 3 April 2019, the Madras High Court while hearing a PIL had asked the Government of India to ban the app, citing that it "encourages pornography". The court also noted that children using the app were at risk of being targeted by sexual predators. The court further asked broadcast media not to telecast any of those videos from the app. The spokesperson for TikTok stated that they were abiding by local laws and were awaiting the copy of the court order before they take action.[75] On 17 April, both Google and Apple removed TikTok from Google Play and the App Store.[76] As the court refused to reconsider the ban, the company stated that they had removed over 6 million videos that violated their content policy and guidelines.[77]

On 25 April 2019, the ban was lifted after a court in Tamil Nadu reversed its order of prohibiting downloads of the app from the App Store and Google Play, following a plea from TikTok developer Bytedance Technology.[78][79] India's TikTok ban might have cost the app 15 million new users

حزب الله

حزب الله هو جماعة شيعية إسلامية مسلحة وحزب سياسي مقره في لبنان. الجناح العسكري لحزب الله هو مجلس الجهاد، وجناحه السياسي هو حزب كتلة الوفاء للمقاومة في البرلمان اللبناني. وبعد وفاة عباس الموسوي في عام 1992، ترأس الجماعة حسن نصر الله، أمينها العام.

بعد الغزو الإسرائيلي للبنان عام 1982 دعمًا لدولة لبنان الحر، احتلت إسرائيل قطاعا من جنوب لبنان، يسيطر عليه جيش لبنان الجنوبي، وهو ميليشيا مسيحية لبنانية تدعمها إسرائيل. تأسس حزب الله في أوائل الثمانينات كجزء من جهد إيراني لتجميع مجموعة متنوعة من الجماعات الشيعية اللبنانية المسلحة تحت سقف واحد. حزب الله يعمل كوكيل لإيران في الصراع بالوكالة بين إيران وإسرائيل الجاري. كان حزب الله قد صمم من قبل رجال الدين المسلمين ومولته إيران في المقام الأول لمضايقة الاحتلال الإسرائيلي. وكان قادته من أتباع آية الله الخميني، وقد تم تدريب قواته وتنظيمها من قبل وحدة من 1،500 من الحرس الثوري الذين وصلوا من إيران بإذن من الحكومة السورية، التي كانت تحتل لبنان في ذلك الوقت. وأوضح بيان حزب الله لعام 1985 أهدافه بأنها طرد "الأمريكيين والفرنسيين وحلفائهم بالتأكيد من لبنان، ووضع حد لأي كيان استعماري على أرضنا"، وتقديم الكتائب إلى "السلطة العادلة" وتقديمهم للعدالة "للجرائم التي ارتكبوها ضد المسلمين والمسيحيين"، والسماح "لجميع أبناء شعبنا" باختيار شكل الحكومة التي يريدونها، في حين يدعوهم إلى "اختيار خيار الحكومة الإسلامية".

شن حزب الله حملة حرب العصابات في جنوب لبنان، ونتيجة لذلك، انسحبت إسرائيل من لبنان في 24 مايو 2000، وانهار جيش لبنان الجنوبي واستسلم. وبدعم من إيران، قاتل مقاتلو حزب الله ضد القوات الصربية خلال الحرب البوسنية. وقد نمت القوة العسكرية لحزب الله بشكل كبير بحيث يعتبر جناحه شبه العسكري أكثر قوة من الجيش اللبناني. يوصف حزب الله بأنه "دولة داخل دولة"، وتطور إلى منظمة لها مقاعد في الحكومة اللبنانية، و‌محطة إذاعية و‌محطة تلفزيونية فضائية، و‌خدمات اجتماعية، ونشر عسكري واسع النطاق للمقاتلين خارج حدود لبنان. حزب الله هو جزء من تحالف 8 آذار داخل لبنان، في مواجهة تحالف 14 آذار. وحزب الله يحافظ على دعم قوي بين السكان الشيعة في لبنان، في حين أن السنة لم يوافقوا على جدول أعمال الجماعة. كما يجد حزب الله دعمًا من داخل بعض المناطق المسيحية في لبنان التي هي معاقل حزب الله. ويتلقى حزب الله التدريب العسكري والأسلحة والدعم المالي من إيران والدعم السياسي من سوريا. وحارب حزب الله وإسرائيل بعضهما البعض في حرب لبنان عام 2006.

بعد الاحتجاجات اللبنانية 2006–08 و‌الاشتباكات، تم تشكيل حكومة وحدة وطنية في عام 2008، وحصل حزب الله وحلفائه المعارضون على أحد عشر مقعدًا من ثلاثين مقعدًا، مما يمنحهم حق النقض. وفي أغسطس 2008، وافقت الحكومة اللبنانية الجديدة بالإجماع على مشروع بيان سياسي اعترف بوجود حزب الله كمنظمة مسلحة ويضمن حقه في "تحرير الأراضي المحتلة أو استردادها" (مثل مزارع شبعا). منذ عام 2012، ساعد حزب الله الحكومة السورية خلال الحرب الأهلية السورية في معركتها ضد المعارضة السورية التي وصفها حزب الله بأنها دسيسة صهيونية ومؤامرة وهابية صهيونية لتدمير تحالفها مع الأسد ضد إسرائيل. وقد نشرت ميليشياتها في كل من سوريا والعراق لمحاربة أو تدريب القوات المحلية لمحاربة داعش. وبمجرد اعتبارها حركة مقاومة في أنحاء كثيرة من العالم العربي، فإن هذه الصورة التي استندت إليها شرعية الجماعة قد تضررت بشدة بسبب الطبيعة الطائفية للحرب الأهلية السورية التي أصبحت متورطة فيها.

إن وضع حزب الله كحزب سياسي شرعي، أو جماعة إرهابية، أو حركة مقاومة، أو مزيجًا منها هو قضية مثيرة للجدل. وقد صنفت الجامعة العربية والولايات المتحدة وفرنسا ومجلس التعاون الخليجي وكندا واليابان وهولندا وإسرائيل حزب الله كمنظمة إرهابية. وحظر الاتحاد الأوروبي ونيوزيلندا والمملكة المتحدة وأستراليا الجناح العسكري لحزب الله كمنظمة إرهابية، مع التمييز مع الجناح السياسي لحزب الله. وتعتبر روسيا حزب الله منظمة اجتماعية وسياسية مشروعة. ولا تزال جمهورية الصين الشعبية محايدة، وتجري اتصالات مع حزب الله.
ظروف النشأة
سبق الوجود التنظيمي لحزب الله في لبنان والذي يؤرخ له بعام 1982 وجود فكري وعقائدي يسبق هذا التاريخ، هذه البيئة الفكرية كانت لمحمد حسين فضل الله دور في تكوينها من خلال نشاطه العلمي في الجنوب. وكان قيام الثورة الإسلامية في إيران عام 1979 بقيادة الخميني دافعا قويا لنمو حزب الله، وذلك للارتباط المذهبي والسياسي بين الطرفين.

وقد جاء في بيان صادر عن الحزب في 16 فبراير/ شباط 1985؛ أن الحزب "ملتزم بأوامر قيادة حكيمة وعادلة تتجسد في ولاية الفقيه، وتتجسد في روح الله آية الله الموسوي الخميني مفجر ثورة المسلمين وباعث نهضتهم المجيدة". كما جاء في البيان.

معظم أفراد الحزب هم من اللبنانيين الشيعة المرتبطين مذهبياً، بمرشد الثورة الإيرانية علي خامنئي حيث يعتبرونه واحداً من أكبر المراجع الدينية العليا لهم، ويعتبر حسن نصر الله، الأمين العام لحزب الله، الوكيل الشرعي لـعلي خامنئي في لبنان؛ هذا الارتباط الأيديولوجي والفقهي بإيران سرعان ما وجد ترجمته المباشرة في الدعم السريع والمباشر من الجمهورية الإسلامية وعبر حرسها الثوري للحزب الناشئ.

تشكل الحزب في ظروف يغلب عليها طابع "المقاومة العسكرية" للاحتلال الإسرائيلي الذي اجتاح لبنان عام 1982، ولذلك فالحزب يبني أيدلوجيته السياسية على أساس مقاومة الاحتلال. وكانت أولى العمليات التي قام بها الحزب وأكسبته شهرة مبكرة في العالم العربي، قيامه بنسف مقر القوات الأمريكية والفرنسية في أكتوبر/ تشرين الأول عام 1983، وقد أسفرت تلك العملية عن مقتل 300 جندي أمريكي وفرنسي.

توجهات الحزب
يهتم حزب الله بمصير ومستقبل لبنان، ويساهم مع بقية القوى السياسية اللبنانية في إقامة مجتمع أكثر عدالة وحرية. كما يرفع الحزب شعارات الالتزام بالوحدة الوطنية في لبنان والدعوة إلى رفض الوجود الأجنبي فيه. ويهتم بالقضايا العربية والإسلامية وبخاصة القضية الفلسطينية. حيث ينادي حزب الله بالقضاء على إسرائيل (معتبراً إياها كياناً غير مشروع)، كما يعتبر الأراضي الفلسطينية كلها أرضا محتلة من البحر إلى النهر.

البناء التنظيمي
رغم عامل السرية الشديدة الذي يحرص الحزب عليه في أغلب نشاطاته، فإن ذلك لم يمنعه من الإعلان عن وجود بعض الهياكل التنظيمية التي تنظم عمل الحزب، منها على سبيل المثال :-

هيئة قيادية.
مجلس سياسي.
مجلس تخطيطي.
كتلة النواب.
مجموعات تنفيذية.
هيئات استشارية.
ويتخذ القرار داخل تلك الهيئات بأغلبية الأصوات، ويعتبر مجلس شورى الحزب أعلى هيئة تنظيمية حيث يتكون من 7 أعضاء تسند إليهم مسؤولية متابعة أنشطة الحزب الأخرى الاقتصادية والاجتماعية وغيرها.

أمناء الحزب

عباس الموسوي
ثاني أمين عام لحزب الله
لا توجد مصادر مستقلة تتحدث بالتفصيل عن طرق إدارة الحزب قبل العام 1989، إلا أن المعلومة المتداولة تفيد أن القيادة كانت جماعية، إلى أن انتخب الأمين العام الأول لحزب الله وهو صبحي الطفيلي، الذي تولى هذا المنصب في الفترة من عام 1989 حتى عام 1991، ثم أجبر على الاستقالة بعد إعلانه من جانب واحد العصيان المدني على الحكومة اللبنانية الأمر الذي رفضه الحزب، وتولى منصب الأمين العام عباس الموسوي خلفاً له، لكنه لم يستمر أكثر من تسعة أشهر، فقد اغتالته إسرائيل في عام 1992، ليقود الحزب من بعده حسن نصر الله، الذي لا يزال يشغل هذا المنصب حتى الآن.

المؤسسات الخدمية
كانت للخدمات التي نشط الحزب في تقديمها للجماهير وبخاصة في الجنوب اللبناني أكبر الأثر في زيادة شعبيته، فقد نشط الحزب في إقامة المدارس والجمعيات الخيرية التي تعنى بأسر الجرحى والشهداء، ومن هذه المؤسسات على سبيل المثال:-

مؤسسة (جهاد البناء) وتأسست سنة 1988 وتضم العديد من المهندسين والفنيين والعمال وتتخصص في حفر الآبار وإعداد الدورات التدريبية في مجال الزراعة والبيطرة وهي تهتم الآن خاصة بإعادة إعمار ما دمره العدوان الإسرائيلي على لبنان في تموز 2006 وقد قطعت شوطا كبيرا في ذلك.
الهيئة (الصحية الإسلامية) ولها فروع عدة بلغت 47 فرعاً تنتشر في البقاع والجنوب بالإضافة إلى بيروت.
جمعية (القرض الحسن) وتأسست سنة 1982 بهدف تقديم القروض غير الربوية للمحتاجين.
جمعية (الإمداد الخيرية الإسلامية) وتأسست سنة 1987 وتعمل على مساعدة الأسر على الاكتفاء ذاتياً، ورعاية الأيتام والعجزة والأرامل.
مؤسسة (الشهيد) ومهمتها الاهتمام التربوي والتعليمي بأسر الشهداء.
المؤسسة (الإسلامية للتربية والتعليم) ويعود تاريخ تأسيسها إلى سنة 1993 وتهتم ببناء المدارس في مختلف المناطق اللبنانية وتحرص على أن تكون أولوية الالتحاق في تلك المدارس لأبناء الشهداء.
مؤسسة الجرحى ومهمتها الاهتمام بجرحى المقاومة وراعيتهم وتقديم الخدمات الصحية لهم
هيئة (دعم المقاومة الإسلامية) التي تجمع التبرعات للمقاومة وتعقد الندوات وتقيم المعارض لزيادة الوعي بأهمية المقاومة.
وللحزب مؤسسات رياضية وثقافية وإعلامية مهمة مثل مركز الإمام الخميني، وجريدة العهد، وإذاعة النور وتلفزيون المنار، الذي نجح في جذب قطاع عريض من المشاهدين، رغم منعه في العديد من الدول الغربية بحجة تشجيعه للعنف، وقد عرض بالصورة الحية عمليات حزب الله العسكرية ضد إسرائيل.

الفكر والبرنامج
يميز حزب الله في تحركاته السياسية على الساحة اللبنانية بين الفكر والبرنامج السياسي، فيرى أن الفكرة السياسية لا تسقط إذا كان الواقع السياسي غير موات لتطبيقها، كما هو الحال بالنسبة لفكرة إقامة دولة إسلامية في لبنان. يقول حسن نصر الله "نحن لا نطرح فكرة الدولة الإسلامية في لبنان على طريقة الطالبان في أفغانستان، ففكرة الدولة الإسلامية في لبنان حاضرة على مستوى الفكر السياسي، أما على مستوى البرنامج السياسي فإن خصوصيات الواقع اللبناني لا يساعد على تحقيق هذه الفكرة، فالدولة الإسلامية المنشودة ينبغي أن تكون نابعة من إرادة شعبية عارمة، ونحن لا نستطيع إقامتها الآن لحاجتها إلى حماية" .

المواقف والإجراءات المتعلقة باليهود واليهودية
قال مسؤولو حزب الله، في حالات نادرة، إنهم "معادين للصهيونية" فقط وليسوا معادين للسامية. ومع ذلك، وفقاً للعلماء، "هذه الكلمات لا تصمد أمام التمحيص الدقيق". من بين أفعال أخرى، يشارك حزب الله بنشاط في إنكار الهولوكوست وينشر نظريات المؤامرة المعادية للسامية.

نسبت العديد من البيانات المعادية للسامية إلى مسؤولي حزب الله. تقول أمل سعد غريب، وهي محللة سياسية لبنانية، إنه على الرغم من أن الصهيونية قد أثرت على معاداة اليهودية بين أعضاء حزب الله، "فهي لا تتوقف عليها" لأن كراهية حزب الله لليهود لها دوافع دينية أكثر من الدوافع السياسيَّة. وصف روبرت س. ويستريش، وهو مؤرخ متخصص في دراسة معاداة السامية، أيديولوجية حزب الله المتعلقة باليهود:

تجمع معاداة السامية لقادة حزب الله والمتحدثين باسمه صورة القوة اليهودية التي لا تقهر على ما يبدو ... وصورة المُكره مع الإزدراء المخصص عادةً للأعداء الضعفاء والجبناء. ومثل دعاية حماس للحرب المقدسة، اعتمد حزب الله على التشهير اللانهائي لليهود بأنهم "أعداء البشرية" و"أعداء التآمر والعناد والغرور" المليئين "بالخطط الشيطانية" لإستعباد العرب. وهو يدمج معاداة اليهودية الإسلامية التقليدية بأساطير المؤامرة الغربيَّة، ومعاداة العالم الثالث للصهيونية، وازدراء الشيعة الإيرانيين لليهود باعتبارهم "غير طاهرين" وكفار فاسدين. عادةً ما يصر [[محمد حسين فضل الله |الشيخ فضل الله]] على أن اليهود يرغبون في تقويض أو طمس الإسلام والهوية الثقافية العربية من أجل تعزيز هيمنتهم الاقتصادية والسياسي.

تقول التقارير المتضاربة أنَّ قناة المنار التلفزيونية التي يملكها حزب الله وتديرها تتهم إسرائيل أو اليهود بنقل فيروس نقص المناعة البشرية وغيره من الأمراض إلى العرب في جميع أنحاء الشرق الأوسط. وتعرضت قناة المنار لإنتقادات في الغرب لبثها "دعاية معادية للسامية" في شكل دراما تلفزيونية تصور نظرية مؤامرة وهي الهيمنة على العالم من قبل اليهود. وتم اتهام المجموعة من قبل المحللين الأمريكيين بالتورط في إنكار الهولوكوست. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، خلال حرب عام 2006، اعتذرت قيادة الحزب فقط عن قتل العرب في إسرائيل (أي غير اليهود).

علاقاته الخارجية
على الرغم من أن الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية قد وضعت حزب الله في لائحة "المنظمات الإرهابية" بسبب أعماله تجاه إسرائيل، واعتقادها بأن الحزب هو من قام بتفجير مقر القوات الأمريكية والفرنسية في بيروت في أكتوبر/ تشرين الأول عام 1983، تلك العملية التي أسفرت عن مقتل 300 جندي أمريكي وفرنسي. كما تتهمه أيضا بالمسؤولية عن مسلسل خطف الرهائن الغربيين إبان حرب لبنان عام 1982. مما يعني تقييد تفاعله خارج لبنان.، إلا أن الحزب استطاع أن ينسج علاقات طيبة مع عدة دول في محيطه الإقليمي وحتى خارجه.[ما هي؟]


علاقاته العربية
علاقته بسوريا
تميزت العلاقة بين حزب الله وسوريا بخصوصية واضحة منذ عقد اتفاق الطائف برعاية سعودية / سورية الذي تم بموجبه نزع أسلحة الفصائل اللبنانية المتصارعة وحل المليشيات العسكرية، وأبقت على الأسلحة بحوزة حزب الله الذي لم يكن طرفاً في الحرب الأهلية، بل كان مجال نشاطه متركزا في منطقة الحزام الأمني الذي أقامته إسرائيل في جنوب لبنان، وزاد من خصوصية تلك العلاقة أن سوريا لم تتوقف عن سياسة دعم حركات المقاومة ضد الاحتلال الإسرائيلي ،ولا ينفي حزب الله تلقيه مساعدات مختلفة من سوريا بل إنه يهدي انتصاراته على إسرائيل لها بالدرجة الثانية بعد لبنان لأنها الداعم الأول وصاحبة الفضل الكبير في انتصاراته.

بعد الثورة السورية في 2011 دعم حزب الله النظام السوري مماتسبب بزايده الانتقادات ضده في العالم العربي والإسلامي خصوصا عند المسلمين السنة وفي عام 2013 اعلن الحزب تدخله عسكريا في الحرب في سوريا ووقوفه مع النظام السوري بقيادة بشار الاسد مما أدى إلى تصنيف الحزب كمنظمة إرهابية لدى مجلس التعاون لدول الخليج العربية.

في العالم العربي والأسلامي
بعد عام 2006 اعتبر الحزب مقاومة وطنية لدى معظم العرب والمسلمين  إلى ان الوضع تغير بعد اتهام الحزب باغتيال الرئيس اللبناني الأسبق رفيق الحريري وبدأ ينظر له من معظم المسلمين السنة كحزب يعمل لخدمة المصالح الإيرانية في المنطقة  وفي عام 2009 وضع الرئيس المصري الأسبق حسني مبارك الحزب كمنظمه إرهابية

علاقات أخرى
بالإضافة إلى العلاقات الإستراتيجية الوثيقة مع سوريا فإنه على اتصال مع دول أخرى، كالسعودية حيث استقبل العاهل السعودي الملك عبد الله بن عبد العزيز نائب الأمين العام للحزب نعيم قاسم نهاية عام 2006، وذلك مع بدء الأزمة اللبنانية بخصوص الحكومة. كذلك قطر الدولة العضو في مجلس التعاون الخليجي والتي قامت بوساطة ناجحة بين الأطراف اللبنانية أنهت بها أزمة خطيرة تتعلق برئاسة الجمهورية وتشكيل الحكومة منتصف 2008، وأيضا السودان الذي كان بحاجة للتأييد الرسمي والشعبي في مواجهة ملاحقة قادته دوليا، ووجد في حزب الله مؤيدا له في هذا الشأن حيث للحزب نفوذ كبير في الشارع العربي والإسلامي، وفي المغرب العربي أعلن الزعيم الليبي العقيد معمر القذافي تأييده للحزب في مقاومته لإسرائيل في خطاب له في أبريل 2007 بمناسبة ذكرى الغارة الأمريكية على ليبيا، والتي كانت في عام 1986. كما أن الحزب يلتقي مع جميع حركات المقاومة الفلسطينية وله معها علاقات طيبة تتجاوز التعاطف، وتصل في بعض الأحيان إلى الدعم اللوجستي.

علاقاته الدولية
علاقته بإيران
راجع: رؤية خامنئي حول حزب الله، حزب الله في إيران
العلاقة بين حزب الله وإيران يتداخل فيها البعد السياسي والديني، فبعض اللبنانيين الشيعة الذين يمثلون كوادر حزب الله تربطهم بالمرجعيات الدينية الإيرانية روابط روحية عميقة، ويعتبر مرشد الثورة الإيرانية علي خامنئي أكبر مرجعية دينية بالنسبة لهم. ويسمى أمين عام حزب الله حسن نصر الله "الوكيل الشرعي لآية الله خامنئي".

وبالرغم من الدعم السياسي والمالي الذي يتلقاه حزب الله من إيران فإن أمينه العام حسن نصر الله يقول "أن ذلك لا يعني أن الحزب هو حزب إيراني على أرض لبنانية"، ويعضد كلامه بالقول "إن أمين عام الحزب لبناني، وكل كوادر الحزب لبنانية، ويمارس نشاطه على أرض لبنانية، ويدافع ويقدم شهداء في سبيل تحرير الأرض اللبنانية، وكل هذا كما يقول معايير كافية على أن الحزب لبناني وليس إيرانيا".

علاقات أخرى
أما على الصعيد الدولي فإن الحزب تعامل مرّات عدة مع الأمم المتحدة، خاصة فيما يتعلق بوقف الأعمال الحربية مع إسرائيل وملف الأسرى. وكان له اتصال في الشأن ذاته مع ألمانيا التي لعبت دور الوسيط بينه وبين إسرائيل في عمليات تبادل الأسرى، واستقبلت فرنسا وفدا رسميا لحزب الله في إطار محاولتها حل الأزمة اللبنانية بخصوص الحكومة في 2008. كما قامت الحكومة البريطانية بالسماح لإجراء اتصالات بينها وبين الجناح السياسي لحزب الله في إطار العلاقات الثنائية بين بريطانيا ولبنان، ورغبتها في أن تكون صديق أكثر فاعلية للبنان.

تصنيف حزب الله بين الإرهاب والمقاومة
أن عدداً من الحكومات تختلف حول شرعية وجود حزب الله من الناحية العسكرية أو السياسية أو كليهما. فمنها من يعتبره حركة مقاومة شرعية بكل أجنحتها العسكري منها والسياسي، وذلك لدوره في مقاومة الاحتلال الإسرائيلي للبنان، ولمشاركته في الدفاع الوطني. ومنها من يعتبر الجناح السياسي للحزب هو الأمر المقبول والشرعي دون جناحه العسكري، وذلك لاعتبارها عمل الحزب العسكري "إرهاباً". والبعض الآخر يرى الحزب بِكِلا جناحيه "منظمة إرهابية" غير شرعية.

زياد علي

زياد علي محمد