5 de septiembre

El 5 de septiembre es el 248.º (ducentésimo cuadragésimo octavo) día del año en el calendario gregoriano y el 249.º en los años bisiestos. Quedan 117 días para finalizar el año.
Acontecimientos
Día de la vaquita marina Phocoena sinus. En total riesgo de extinción y uno de los animales más bellos que existen. Endémico del golfo de California
1646: El obispo de Puebla, don Juan de Palafox funda la Biblioteca Palafoxiana, primera biblioteca pública de América.
1666: En Inglaterra se extingue el Gran Incendio de Londres.
1717: En Inglaterra, el rey Jorge I proclama el perdón a los piratas, contrabandistas y aventureros que se rindieran en el plazo de un año.
1774: Se reúne en Filadelfia (Estados Unidos), el Primer Congreso Continental de las colonias británicas en América.
1818: En la villa de Alvarado (México) se autoriza la formación del primer Ayuntamiento.
1822: En Aleppo (Siria, Asia Menor) se registra un terremoto que deja 22 000 muertos.
1833: En Chile, el Instituto Nacional General José Miguel Carrera vive su primera ocupación por parte de sus alumnos en el Motín de 1833, evento que constituye la primera movilización estudiantil de la historia hecha por alumnos chilenos.[cita requerida]
1839: En China comienza la Primera Guerra del Opio.
1840: En el Teatro de La Scala de Milán se estrena la ópera Un giorno di regno (Un día de reinado), de Giuseppe Verdi.
1856: cerca de Tipitapa (Nicaragua) en la hacienda San Jacinto, cerca de 100 efectivos nicaragüenses del Ejército del Septentrión al mando del coronel José Dolores Estrada Vado rechazan, en una escaramuza, un ataque de 60 filibusteros estadounidenses del aventurero William Walker, siendo el preludio de lo que 9 días después sería la batalla de San Jacinto.
1866: En México ―en el marco de la Segunda Invasión Francesa―, las fuerzas mexicanas republicanas (al mando de Porfirio Díaz) derrotan al ejército francés en la batalla de Juchitán.
1877: El astrónomo italiano Giovanni Schiaparelli comienza a diseñar el primer mapa del planeta Marte.
1895: Durante la Revolución liberal de Ecuador entra en Quito el líder montonero y liberal, Eloy Alfaro, consolidandoce como jefe supremo del Ecuador
1905: con el Tratado de Portsmouth termina la guerra ruso-japonesa.
1908: En Nicaragua, se crean la Bandera y el Escudo nacionales actuales por el gobierno del general José Santos Zelaya.
1909: En España, Juan Olivert Serra realiza el primer vuelo motorizado en Paterna (Valencia).
1920: En México, Álvaro Obregón es elegido presidente.
1921: En Buenos Aires (Argentina) se inaugura el Teatro Cervantes.
1923: En Italia Fascista de Mussolini se asignan 500 millones de liras para la reconstrucción de Mesina y Regio Calabria destruidas en un terremoto de diciembre de 1908.
1927: En Argentina, Vicente Almandos Almonacid funda Aeroposta Argentina, primera empresa aerocomercial del país.
1929: Aristide Briand, jefe del Gobierno francés, propone en la asamblea de la Sociedad de Naciones la constitución de los Estados Unidos de Europa.
1930: En la provincia de San Juan se inaugura la primera emisora de radio privada de la Argentina denominada LV1 Radio Colón.
1932: El Congreso Mexicano acepta la dimisión del presidente Pascual Ortiz Rubio. Le sustituye el general Abelardo L. Rodríguez.
1936: La estadounidense Beryl Markham sobrevuela en solitario el Atlántico en dirección este-oeste, siendo la primera mujer en lograrlo.
1938: En Chile un grupo de jóvenes nacistas realizan un intento fallido de golpe de estado contra el gobierno de Arturo Alessandri Palma y son asesinados brutalmente (Matanza del Seguro Obrero).
1944: Bélgica, Países Bajos y Luxemburgo firman el tratado de constitución del Benelux.
1951: En México termina el proceso nacionalizador del petróleo con la compra de la compañía estadounidense Charro.
1957: En Cienfuegos (Cuba), 200 marinos y numerosos civiles simpatizantes con el Movimiento 26 de Julio se sublevan contra Fulgencio Batista.
1960: En Senegal el poeta Léopold Sédar Senghor es elegido presidente.
1960: El Real Madrid gana la Copa Intercontinental al vencer a Peñarol por 5 a 1.
1961: En Yugoslavia representantes de 24 naciones se reúnen en Belgrado para celebrar la primera Conferencia de Países No Alineados.
1963: En la ciudad de Santa Clara (Cuba), en la madrugada ―en el marco de los ataques terroristas organizados por la CIA estadounidense― dos aviones procedentes de Estados Unidos lanzan varias bombas. Una cae sobre el apartamento 7-A del bloque 1, ubicado en Avenida Siete de Noviembre y calle Nueva Gerona, matando al maestro Fabric Aguilar Noriega (31) ―quien acababa de mudarse a ese nuevo edificio de apartamentos― e hiriendo gravemente a tres de sus hijos: Sofía (3), Abraham (2) y Francisco (5).1​
1972: En Múnich (Alemania) el comando palestino Septiembre Negro asesina a 11 atletas israelíes capturados en la Villa Olímpica, mientras se disputan los Juegos Olímpicos de Múnich (Masacre de Múnich).
1975: En Buenos Aires (Argentina) se realiza el concierto de despedida de la banda Sui Generis (de Charly García).
1977: Estados Unidos lanza la sonda espacial Voyager I.
1978: En Camp David (Estados Unidos), Anuar el Sadat y Menajem Beguin firman los acuerdos de paz para Oriente Medio.
1986: En Karachi, militantes palestinos de la organización Abu Nidal secuestran el vuelo 73 de Pan Am. Tras 16 horas, fuerzas especiales pakistaníes asaltan el avión dejando un saldo de 22 muertos y 150 heridos.
1986: En España, el poeta y ensayista mexicano Octavio Paz es distinguido por el gobierno español con la Gran Cruz de la Orden de Alfonso X el Sabio.
1987: En Estados Unidos, el neurocirujano Ben Carson realiza la primera separación de siameses craneópagos unidos por la parte posterior de la cabeza.
1989: La Federación Internacional de Atletismo anula el récord mundial de velocidad por doping al atleta canadiense Ben Johnson.
1991: En Rusia, tras aprobar la primera declaración de derechos humanos y libertades en la Unión Soviética y dar paso a la Comunidad de Estados Independientes, se autodisuelve el Soviet Supremo de la URSS.
1993: Colombia se clasifica directamente al mundial de Estados Unidos 1994, al vencer a Argentina por 5-0 en el estadio monumental de River Plate.
2003: El juicio de BeOS fue cerrado con el pago de 23,2 millones de dólares a Be Incorporated, tras lo cual Microsoft dejó de ser acusada de prácticas indebidas.
2012: Se retira Andy Roddick del tenis profesional frente a Juan Martín Del Potro.
2012: Costa Rica sufre un sismo de 7,6 Mw Escala sismológica de magnitud de momento denominado Terremoto de Costa Rica de 2012.
2018: En México se registró una multitudinaria marcha pacífica hacia la rectoría de la UNAM, donde participaron 30 mil personas de todas la instituciones educativas de media superior y superior. Se reportó saldo blanco. Es considerada como una de las mayores manifestaciones ocurridas en la historia de México en épocas recientes y es una de las mayores manifestaciones ocurridas desde la Huelga estudiantil de la UNAM (1999-2000).
Nacimientos
1187: Luis VIII, rey francés entre 1223 y 1226 (f. 1226).
1567: Date Masamune, señor de la guerra japonés (f. 1636).
1568: Tommaso Campanella, filósofo y poeta italiano (f. 1639).
1592: Jacopo Vignali, pintor florentino (f. 1664).
1599: Francesco Borromini, arquitecto y escultor italiano del período Barroco (f. 1667).
1621: Juan Andrés Coloma, aristócrata español (f. 1694).
1638: Luis XIV, rey francés entre 1643 y 1715 (f. 1715).
1664: Vincenzo Ludovico Gotti, cardenal y teólogo italiano (f. 1742).
1735: Johann Christian Bach, compositor alemán (f. 1782).
1774: Caspar David Friedrich, pintor romántico alemán (f. 1840).
1775: Juan Martín Díez, el Empecinado, guerrillero español (f. 1825).
1788: Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat, sinólogo francés (f. 1832).
1791: Giacomo Meyerbeer, compositor alemán (f. 1864).
1815: Josep Maria Bocabella, librero y filántropo español (f. 1892).
1831: Victorien Sardou, dramaturgo francés (f. 1908).
1836: Justiniano Borgoño, político peruano, presidente en 1894 (f. 1921).
1847: Jesse James, bandolero estadounidense (f. 1883).
1867: Amy Beach, compositora estadounidense (f. 1944).
1874: Napoleon Lajoie, beisbolista estadounidense (f. 1959).
1876: Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb, mariscal de campo alemán (f. 1956).
1887: Irene Fenwick, actriz estadounidense (f. 1936).
1888: Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, filósofo y político indio, presidente de la India (f. 1975).
1891: José Luis Zorrilla de San Martín, escultor y pintor uruguayo (f. 1975).
1892: Anacleto Guerrero Guajardo, militar y político mexicano (f. 1980).
1901: Mario Scelba, político italiano (f. 1991).
1902: Darryl F. Zanuck, productor de cine estadounidense (f. 1979).
1905: Arthur Koestler, escritor austro-húngaro de origen judío (f. 1983).
1907: Lorenzo Hierrezuelo, músico cubano (f. 1993).
1908: Josué de Castro, escritor, nutriólogo, geógrafo y activista brasileño (f. 1973).
1912: John Cage, compositor estadounidense (f. 1992).
1912: Frank Thomas, animador estadounidense (f. 2004).
1914: Nicanor Parra, escritor, poeta, matemático y físico chileno (f.2018).
1915: Jack Buetel, actor estadounidense (f. 1989).
1915: Aníbal Cabanzón, futbolista español (f. 1987).
1918: Luis Alcoriza, cineasta, guionista y actor mexicano (f. 1992).
1920: Jean Lartéguy, escritor y periodista francés (f. 2011).
1921: Jack Valenti, actor estadounidense (f. 2007).
1921: Óscar Alfaro, poeta, cuentista, profesor y periodista boliviano (f. 1963).
1923: Gustavo Rojo, actor mexicano (f. 2017).
1925: Manuel Sacristán, filósofo marxista español.
1929: Susana Freyre, actriz argentina.
1931: Miguel Pacheco, ciclista español.
1932: Eduardo Bergara Leumann, actor, escenógrafo y presentador televisivo argentino (f. 2008).
1932: Enrique Aparicio, yudoca catalán.
1933: Susana Canales, actriz española.
1933: Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa, arzobispo católico chileno.
1938: Irma Flaquer, periodista guatemalteca asesinada por el Gobierno (f. 1980).
1938: Omar Moreno Palacios, cantautor y guitarrista folclórico argentino.
1939: Lorenzo de Monteclaro, cantante y actor mexicano.
1939: George Lazenby, actor australiano.
1939: Clay Regazzoni, piloto de automovilismo suizo (f. 2006).
1940: Raquel Welch, actriz estadounidense.
1941: Jairo Aníbal Niño, escritor colombiano (f. 2010).
1942: Eduardo Mata, director y compositor mexicano (f. 1995).
1942: Werner Herzog, cineasta alemán.
1944: Darío Bellezza, poeta, escritor y autor teatral italiano (f. 1996).
1944: Juan López Hita, futbolista español (f. 2014).
1945: Al Stewart, músico, cantante y compositor británico.
1946: Freddie Mercury, cantante, pianista y compositor británico, de la banda Queen (f. 1991).
1946: Gregorio Parra, periodista deportivo español.
1951: Paul Breitner, futbolista alemán.
1951: Juan Ramón de la Fuente, médico mexicano.
1951: Michael Keaton, actor estadounidense.
1951: Patti McGuire, modelo estadounidense.
1952: David Glen Eisley, cantante y actor estadounidense.
1955: Ignacio Martínez, escritor uruguayo.
1957: Peter Winnen, ciclista neerlandés.
1960: Karita Mattila, soprano finlandesa.
1961: Roberto Angelelli, periodista uruguayo.
1961: Marc-André Hamelin, pianista franco-canadiense.
1965: Dulce Guerrero, actriz mexicana de teatro, doblaje y locutora.
1965: César Rincón, torero colombiano.
1966: Achero Mañas, director y actor español.
1966: Milinko Pantić, futbolista serbio.
1967: Arnel Pineda, cantante y músico filipino.
1967: Romanthony (Anthony Wayne Moore), cantante, DJ y productor estadounidense (f. 2013).
1967: Matthias Sammer, y entrenador alemán.
1968: Brad Wilk, baterista estadounidense, de las bandas Rage Against the Machine y Audioslave, entre otras.
1969: Leonardo, futbolista brasileño.
1970: Ernesto Pérez Lobo, yudoca español.
1971: Andoni Imaz Garmendia, futbolista español.
1973: Sharis Cid, actriz mexicana.
1973: Rose McGowan, actriz estadounidense.
1973: Paddy Considine, actor, director y guionista británico.
1974: Romina Yan, actriz argentina (f. 2010).
1975: Jamie Madrox, cantante de rap estadounidense.
1975: George Boateng, futbolista ghanés.
1976: Ernesto de Lucas Hopkins, político mexicano.
1976: Tatyana Gutsu, gimnasta ucraniana.
1977: Joseba Etxeberria, futbolista español.
1978: Laura Bertram, actriz canadiense.
1978: Zhang Zhong, ajedrecista chino.
1979: John Carew, futbolista noruego.
1980: Franco Costanzo, futbolista argentino.
1981: Christian Cellay, futbolista argentino.
1981: Filippo Volandri, tenista italiano.
1981: Rogier Meijer, futbolista neerlandés.
1986: Kris Bright, futbolista neozelandés.
1986: Aleksandr Riazántsev, futbolista ruso.
1987: Rodolfo Zerpa Briceño, Ingeniero venezolano.
1988: Nuri Şahin, futbolista turco.
1988: Felipe Caicedo, futbolista ecuatoriano.
1989: Elena Delle Donne, baloncestista estadounidense.
1990: Angy Fernández, actriz y cantante española.
1990: Kim Yu-Na, patinadora surcoreana.
1990: Franco Zuculini, futbolista argentino.
1990: Alicia Banit, actriz australiana.
1990: Iris van Berne, modelo neerlandesa.
1991: Skandar Keynes, actor británico.
1991: Mikkel Kirkeskov, futbolista danés.
1993: T. J. Warren, baloncestista estadounidense.
1995: Caroline Sunshine, actriz y cantante estadounidense.
1995: Lina Hurtig, futbolista sueca.
1997: Maartje Verhoef, modelo neerlandesa.
1997: Luis Annese, futbolista venezolano.
1997: Nordin Jackers, futbolista belga.
Fallecimientos
1032: Rodolfo III, rey borgoñés (n. 970).
1075: Ana de Kiev, aristócrata rusa (n. 1032), esposa del rey francés Enrique I.
1734: Nicolás Bernier, músico y compositor francés (n. 1664).
1782: Bartolina Sisa, heroína indígena aimara, virreina y comandante (n. 1753).
1803: Pierre Choderlos de Laclós, escritor y oficial militar francés (n. 1741).
1823: Bartolomé María de las Heras, sacerdote español (n. 1743).
1857: Auguste Comte, filósofo francés (n. 1798).
1867: Santiago Derqui, presidente argentino (n. 1790).
1867: Guillermo de Hesse-Kassel, aristócrata alemán (n. 1787).
1876: Manuel Blanco Encalada, almirante y primer presidente chileno (n. 1790).
1877: Caballo Loco (Tasunka Uitko), jefe de los sioux oglala (n. 1840).
1905: Miguel Cané, escritor y político argentino (n. 1851).
1906: Ludwig Boltzmann, físico austriaco (n. 1844).
1912: Arthur MacArthur, Jr., general estadounidense (n. 1845).
1914: Charles Péguy, poeta y ensayista católico francés (n. 1873).
1917: Walther Schwieger, almirante alemán (n. 1885).
1922: Georgette Agutte, pintora francesa (n. 1867).
1926: Karl Harrer, periodista alemán (n. 1890).
1926: Alejandro Pérez Lugín, novelista español (n. 1870).
1931: John Thomson (22), futbolista británico (n. 1909); choque accidental en un partido.
1933: Francisco Acebal, escritor y periodista español (n. 1866).
1936: Federico Borrell (24), anarquista español, fotografiado al morir por Robert Capa (n. 1912).
1936: Gustave Kahn, escritor, poeta y teórico literario francés (n. 1859).
1943: Aleš Hrdlička, antropólogo checoslovaco (n. 1869).
1948: Richard Tolman, físico estadounidense (n. 1881).
1951: Militza de Montenegro, aristócrata montenegrina (n. 1866).
1954: Eugen Schiffer, político alemán (n. 1860).
1965: Carlos Borcosque, cineasta argentino de origen chileno (n. 1894).
1970: Jochen Rindt, piloto austriaco de Fórmula 1 (n. 1942).
1982: Douglas Bader, piloto británico (n. 1910).
1983: Antonio Mairena, cantor español (n. 1909).
1992: Fritz Leiber, novelista estadounidense (n. 1910).
1995: Marina Núñez del Prado, escultora boliviana (n. 1908).
1997: Madre Teresa de Calcuta (Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu), monja católica y filántropa macedonia, canonizada por la Iglesia católica (n. 1910).
1997: Georg Solti, conductor de orquesta húngaro (n. 1912).
1998: Leo Penn, actor y director televisivo estadounidense, padre de Sean, Chris y Michael Penn (n. 1921).
2002: Hugo Caprera, actor argentino (n. 1925).
2002: David Wilkinson, cosmólogo estadounidense (n. 1935).
2005: Roberto Viaux, militar chileno (n. 1917).
2007: Julieta Campos, escritora y traductora cubano-mexicana (n. 1932).
2008: Eduardo Bergara Leumann (76), actor, escenógrafo y presentador televisivo argentino (n. 1932), ataque al corazón, dormido, en la madrugada de su cumpleaños.
2010: Shōya Tomizawa (19), piloto japonés de motociclismo (n. 1990); accidente en una carrera.
2010: Guillaume Cornelis van Beverloo, pintor y grabador neerlandés (n. 1922).
2011: Salvatore Licitra, tenor italiano (n. 1968).
2011: José Name Terán, político y abogado colombiano (n. 1936).
2011: Vann Nath, pintor camboyano y prisionero durante la dictadura del Khemer Rouge (n. 1946).
2013: Ruben García, actor cómico uruguayo (n. 1934).
2014: Simone Battle (25), cantante estadounidense, de la banda GRL (n. 1989); suicidio.
2016: Hugh O'Brian, actor estadounidense (n. 1925).
2017: Eloísa Álvarez, político español (n. 1956).
Celebraciones
Día de la vaquita marina Phocoena sinus. En total riesgo de extinción y uno de los animales más bellos que existen. Endémico del golfo de California.
Día Internacional de la Beneficencia
Día de la mujer indígena
Flag of Spain.svg España:
Fuencaliente (Ciudad Real) - Fiestas patronales en honor a Ntra. Sra. de los Baños.
Caudete (Albacete) - Moros y Cristianos en honor a Nuestra Señora de Gracia.
Villarrubia de Santiago (Toledo) - Fiestas patronales en honor a Nuestra Señora del Castellar.
Villena (Alicante) - Fiestas patronales en honor a Nuestra Señora de las Virtudes - Moros y Cristianos.
Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina:
Día del scout argentino, de la buena acción y fiestas patronales en honor a Nuestra Señora de los Scouts.
Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala: Día del Arquitecto.
Flag of India.svg India: Día de los Profesores.
Santoral católico
Gregorio Aglipay
Santa Obdulia
Santa Teresa de Calcuta
Santa Victorina
San Victorino

Northern line

The Northern line is a London Underground line that runs from south-west to north-west London, with two branches through central London and three in north London. It runs northwards from its southern terminus at Morden in the borough of Merton to Kennington in Southwark, where it divides into two central branches, one via Charing Cross in the West End and the other via Bank in the City. The central branches re-join at Camden Town where the line again divides into two branches, one to High Barnet and the other to Edgware in the borough of Barnet. The High Barnet branch has an additional single-station spur at Finchley Central with a shuttle train to Mill Hill East.

For most of its length it is a deep-level tube line.[nb 1] The portion between Stockwell and Borough opened in 1890 and is the oldest section of deep-level tube line on the Underground network. There were about 294 million passenger journeys recorded in 2016/17 on the Northern line, making it the busiest on the Underground.[4] It is unique in having two different routes through central London and two northern branches. Despite its name, it does not serve the northernmost stations on the network, though it does serve the southernmost station, Morden, as well as 16 of the system's 29 stations south of the River Thames. There are 50 stations in total on the line, of which 36 have platforms below ground.

The line has a complicated history, and the current complex arrangement of two main northern branches, two central branches and the southern route reflects its genesis as three separate railways, combined in the 1920s and 1930s. An extension in the 1920s used a route originally planned by a fourth company. Abandoned plans from the 1920s to extend the line further southwards, and then northwards in the 1930s, would have incorporated parts of the routes of two further companies. From the 1930s to the 1970s, the tracks of a seventh company were also managed as a branch of the Northern line.[nb 2] An extension of the Charing Cross branch from Kennington to Battersea is currently under construction, which may either give the Northern line a second southern branch or may see it split into separate distinct lines with their own identities. It is coloured black on the current Tube map.
The core of the Northern line evolved from two railway companies: the City & South London Railway (C&SLR) and the Charing Cross, Euston & Hampstead Railway (CCE&HR).

The C&SLR, London's first deep-level tube railway, was built under the supervision of James Henry Greathead, who had been responsible, with Peter W. Barlow, for the Tower Subway. It was the first of the Underground's lines to be constructed by boring deep below the surface and the first to be operated by electric traction. The railway opened in November 1890 from Stockwell to a now-disused station at King William Street. This was inconveniently placed and unable to cope with the company's traffic so, in 1900, a new route to Moorgate via Bank was opened. By 1907 the C&SLR had been further extended at both ends to run from Clapham Common to Euston.
The CCE&HR (commonly known as the "Hampstead Tube") was opened in 1907 and ran from Charing Cross (known for many years as Strand) via Euston and Camden Town (where there was a junction) to Golders Green and Highgate (now known as Archway). It was extended south by one stop to Embankment in 1914 to form an interchange with the Bakerloo and District lines. In 1913 the Underground Electric Railways Company of London (UERL), owner of the CCE&HR, took over the C&SLR, although they remained separate companies.

Integration
During the early 1920s, a series of works was carried out to connect the C&SLR and CCE&HR tunnels to enable an integrated service to be operated. The first of these new tunnels, between the C&SLR's Euston station and the CCE&HR's station at Camden Town, had originally been planned in 1912[5] but had been delayed by World War I. The second connection linked the CCE&HR's Embankment and C&SLR's Kennington stations and provided a new intermediate station at Waterloo to connect to the main line station there and the Bakerloo line. The smaller-diameter tunnels of the C&SLR were expanded to match the standard diameter of the CCE&HR and the other deep tube lines.

Extensions
In conjunction with the works to integrate the two lines, two major extensions were undertaken: northwards to Edgware in Middlesex (now in the London Borough of Barnet) and southwards to Morden in Surrey (then in the Merton and Morden Urban District, but now in the London Borough of Merton).

Edgware Extension
The Edgware extension used plans dating back to 1901 for the Edgware and Hampstead Railway (E&HR)[6] which the UERL had taken over in 1912. It extended the CCE&HR line from its terminus at Golders Green to Edgware in two stages: to Hendon Central in 1923 and to Edgware in 1924. The line crossed open countryside and ran on the surface, apart from a short tunnel north of Hendon Central. Five new stations were built to pavilion-style designs by Stanley Heaps, head of the Underground's Architects Office, stimulating the rapid northward expansion of suburban developments in the following years.

Morden Extension
The engineering of the Morden extension of the C&SLR from Clapham Common to Morden was more demanding, running in tunnels to a point just north of Morden station, which was constructed in a cutting. The line then runs under the wide station forecourt and public road outside the station, to the depot. The extension was initially planned to continue to Sutton[7] over part of the route for the unbuilt Wimbledon and Sutton Railway, in which the UERL held a stake, but agreements were made with the Southern Railway to end the extension at Morden. The Southern Railway later built the surface line from Wimbledon to Sutton, via South Merton and St. Helier.[nb 3] The tube extension opened in 1926, with seven new stations, all designed by Charles Holden in a modern style. Originally, Stanley Heaps was to design the stations, but after seeing these designs Frank Pick, Assistant Joint Manager of the UERL, decided Holden should take over the project.[8]

With the exception of Morden and Clapham South, where more land was available, the new stations were built on confined corner sites at main road junctions in areas that had been already developed. Holden made good use of this limited space and designed impressive buildings. The street-level structures are of white Portland stone with tall double-height ticket halls, with the London Underground roundel made up in coloured glass panels in large glazed screens. The stone columns framing the glass screens are surmounted by a capital formed as a three-dimensional version of the roundel. The large expanses of glass above the entrances ensure that the ticket halls are bright and, lit from within at night, welcoming.[9] The first and last new stations on the extension, Clapham South and Morden, include a parade of shops and were designed with structures capable of being built above (like many of the earlier central London stations). Clapham South was extended upwards soon after its construction with a block of apartments; Morden was extended upwards in the 1960s with a block of offices. All the stations on the extension, except Morden itself, are Grade II listed buildings.

Naming
The resulting line became known as the Morden–Edgware line, although a number of alternative names were also mooted in the fashion of the contraction of Baker Street & Waterloo Railway to "Bakerloo", such as "Edgmor", "Mordenware", "Medgway" and "Edgmorden".[10] With Egyptology very much in fashion after the discovery of the tomb of Tutankhamun in 1922, there was also a proposal to call the line the Tootancamden Line as it passed through both Tooting and Camden.[11] It was eventually named the Northern line from 28 August 1937,[12] reflecting the planned addition of the Northern Heights lines.[13]

Great Northern & City Railway
After the UERL and the Metropolitan Railway (MR) were brought under public control in the form of the London Passenger Transport Board (LPTB) in 1933, the MR's subsidiary, the Great Northern & City Railway, which ran from Moorgate to Finsbury Park, became part of the Underground as the Northern City Line. In preparation for the Northern Heights Plan, it was operated as part of the Northern line, although it was never connected to it.

TfL

Transport for London (TfL) is a local government body responsible for the transport system in Greater London, England.[2] Its head office is 55 Broadway in the City of Westminster.[2]

TfL has responsibility for London's network of principal road routes, for various rail networks including the London Underground, London Overground, Docklands Light Railway and TfL Rail. It does not control National Rail services in London, however, but does for London's trams, buses and taxis, for cycling provision, and for river services. The underlying services are provided by a mixture of wholly owned subsidiary companies (principally London Underground), by private sector franchisees (the remaining rail services, trams and most buses) and by licensees (some buses, taxis and river services). TfL is also responsible, jointly with the national Department for Transport (DfT), for commissioning the construction of the new Crossrail line, and will be responsible for franchising its operation once completed.[3]

In 2015–16, TfL had a budget of £11.5 billion, 40% of which comes from fares. The rest comes from government funding (23%), borrowing (20%), Congestion Charge and other income (9%) and Crossrail funding (8%).
History
See also: History of public transport authorities in London
TfL was created in 2000 as part of the Greater London Authority by the Greater London Authority Act 1999.[4] It gained most of its functions from its predecessor London Regional Transport in 2000. The first Commissioner of TfL was Bob Kiley. The first Chair was then-Mayor of London Ken Livingstone, and the first Deputy Chair was Dave Wetzel. Livingstone and Wetzel remained in office until the election of Boris Johnson as Mayor in 2008. Johnson took over as chairman, and in February 2009 fellow-Conservative Daniel Moylan was appointed as his Deputy.

TfL did not take over responsibility for the London Underground until 2003, after the controversial public-private partnership (PPP) contract for maintenance had been agreed. Management of the Public Carriage Office had previously been a function of the Metropolitan Police.

Transport for London Group Archives holds business records for TfL and its predecessor bodies and transport companies. Some early records are also held on behalf of TfL Group Archives at the London Metropolitan Archives.

After the bombings on the underground and bus systems on 7 July 2005, many staff were recognised in the 2006 New Year honours list for the work they did. They helped survivors out, removed bodies, and got the transport system up and running, to get the millions of commuters back out of London at the end of the work day. Those mentioned include Peter Hendy, who was at the time Head of Surface Transport division, and Tim O'Toole, head of the Underground division, who were both awarded CBEs.[5][6][7] Others included David Boyce, Station Supervisor, London Underground (MBE);[5] John Boyle, Train Operator, London Underground (MBE);[5] Peter Sanders, Group Station Manager, London Underground (MBE);[5] Alan Dell, Network Liaison Manager, London Buses (MBE)[5] and John Gardner, Events Planning Manager (MBE).[7]

On 1 June 2008, the drinking of alcoholic beverages was banned on Tube and London Overground trains, buses, trams, Docklands Light Railway and all stations operated by TfL across London but not those operated by other rail companies.[8][9] Carrying open containers of alcohol was also banned on public transport operated by TfL. The Mayor of London and TfL announced the ban with the intention of providing a safer and more pleasant experience for passengers. There were "Last Round on the Underground" parties on the night before the ban came into force. Passengers refusing to observe the ban may be refused travel and asked to leave the premises. The Greater London Authority reported in 2011 that assaults on London Underground staff had fallen by 15% since the introduction of the ban.[10]

TfL commissioned a survey in 2013 which showed that 15% of women using public transport in London had been the subject of some form of unwanted sexual behaviour but that 90% of incidents were not reported to the police. In an effort to reduce sexual offences and increase reporting, TfL—in conjunction with the British Transport Police, Metropolitan Police Service, and City of London Police—launched Project Guardian.[11]

In 2014, Transport for London launched the 100 years of women in transport campaign in partnership with the Department for Transport, Crossrail,[12] Network Rail,[13] Women's Engineering Society[14] and the Women's Transportation Seminar (WTS). The programme is a celebration of the significant role that women have played in transport over the past 100 years, following the centennial anniversary of the First World War, when 100,000 women entered the Transport industry to take on the responsibilities held by men who enlisted for military service
TfL is controlled by a board whose members are appointed by the Mayor of London,[16] a position held by Sadiq Khan since May 2016. The Commissioner of Transport for London reports to the Board and leads a management team with individual functional responsibilities.

The body is organised in three main directorates and corporate services, each with responsibility for different aspects and modes of transport. The three main directorates are:

London Underground, responsible for running London's underground rail network, commonly known as the tube, and managing the provision of maintenance services by the private sector. This network is sub-divided into different service delivery units:
London Underground
BCV: Bakerloo, Central, Victoria and Waterloo & City lines.
JNP: Jubilee, Northern and Piccadilly lines.
SSL (Sub Surface Lines): Metropolitan, District, Circle and Hammersmith & City lines.
TfL Rail, which consists of those National Rail services which will in the future be incorporated into Crossrail. Operation is undertaken by MTR Crossrail, a private-sector concessionaire, and maintenance by Network Rail.
Surface Transport, consisting of:
Docklands Light Railway (DLR): this is the automatically-driven light rail network in East and South London, although actual operation and maintenance is undertaken by a private-sector concessionaire (a joint venture of Keolis and Amey).
London Buses, responsible for managing the red bus network throughout London and two branded services, the Red Arrow and East London Transit, largely by contracting services to variousb private sector bus operators. Incorporating CentreComm, London Buses Command & Control Centre, a 24-hour Emergency Control Centre based in Southwark.
London Dial-a-Ride, which provides community transport services throughout London.
London Overground, which consists of certain suburban National Rail services within London. Operation is undertaken by Arriva Rail London, a private-sector concessionaire, and maintenance by Network Rail.
London River Services, responsible for licensing and co-ordinating passenger services on the River Thames within London.
London Streets, responsible for the management of London's strategic road network.
London Trams, responsible for managing London's tram network, by contracting to private sector operators. At present the only tram system is Tramlink in South London, contracted to FirstGroup, but others are proposed.
London congestion charge which drivers who drive in Central London between Monday and Friday must pay a fee.
Public Carriage Office, responsible for licensing the famous black cabs and other private hire vehicles.
Victoria Coach Station, which owns and operates London's principal terminal for long distance bus and coach services.
"Delivery Planning" which promotes cycling in London, including the construction of Cycle Superhighways.
"Special Projects Team" manages the contract with Serco for the Santander Cycles bike rental scheme.
Walking, which promotes better pedestrian access and better access for walking in London.
London Road Safety Unit, which promotes safer roads through advertising and road safety measure.
Community Safety, Enforcement and Policing, responsible for tackling fare evasion on buses, delivering policing services that tackle crime and disorder on public transport in co-operation with the Metropolitan Police Service's Transport Operational Command Unit (TOCU) and the British Transport Police.
Traffic Enforcement, responsible for enforcing traffic and parking regulations on the red routes.
Freight Unit, which has developed the "London Freight Plan"[17] and is involved with setting up and supporting a number of Freight Quality Partnerships covering key areas of London.
TfL owns and operates the London Transport Museum in Covent Garden, a museum that conserves, explores and explains London's transport system heritage over the last 200 years. It both explores the past, with a retrospective look at past days since 1800, and the present-day transport developments and upgrades.

The museum also has an extensive depot, situated at Acton, that contains material impossible to display at the central London museum, including many additional road vehicles, trains, collections of signs and advertising materials. The depot has several open weekends each year. There are also occasional heritage train runs on the Metropolitan line.

TfL has developed an electronic "Journey Planner",[18] which enables users to plan journeys by all forms of public transport and bicycle in and around London.
TfL's Surface Transport and Traffic Operations Centre (STTOC) was officially opened by Prince Andrew, Duke of York in November 2009.[19][20] The centre monitors and coordinates official responses to traffic congestion, incidents and major events in London.[21] London Buses Command and Control Centre (CentreComm), London Streets Traffic Control Centre (LSTCC) and the Metropolitan Police Traffic Operation Control Centre (MetroComm) were brought together under STTOC.[21]

STTOC played an important part in the security and smooth running of the 2012 Summer Olympics.[21] The London Underground Network Operations Centre is now located on the fifth floor of Palestra and not within STTOC.[22][23] The centre featured in the 2013 BBC Two documentary series The Route Masters: Running London's Roads.

Connect project
Transport for London introduced the "Connect" project for radio communications during the 2000s, to improve radio connections for London Underground staff and the emergency services.[24][25] The system replaced various separate radio systems for each tube line, and was funded under a private finance initiative. The supply contract was signed in November 1999 with Motorola as the radio provider alongside Thales. Citylink's shareholders are Thales Group (33 per cent), Fluor Corporation (18%), Motorola (10%), Laing Investment (19.5%) and HSBC (19.5%). The cost of the design, build and maintain contract was £2 billion over twenty years.
Various subcontractors were used for the installation work, including Brookvex and Fentons.

A key reasoning for the introduction of the system was in light of the King's Cross fire disaster, where efforts by the emergency services were hampered by a lack of radio coverage below ground. Work was due to be completed by the end of 2002, although suffered delays due to the necessity of installing the required equipment on an ageing railway infrastructure with no disruption to the operational railway. On 5 June 2006 the London Assembly published the 7 July Review Committee report, which urged TfL to speed up implementation of the Connect system.[24]

The East London line was chosen as the first line to receive the TETRA radio in February 2006, as it was the second smallest line and is a mix of surface and sub surface. In the same year it was rolled out to the District, Circle, Hammersmith & City, Metropolitan and Victoria lines, with the Bakerloo, Piccadilly, Jubilee, Waterloo & City and Central lines following in 2007.[26] The final line, the Northern, was handed over in November 2008.

The 2010 TfL investment programme included the project "LU-PJ231 LU-managed Connect communications", which provided Connect with a new transmission and radio system comprising 290 cell sites with two to three base stations, 1,400 new train mobiles, 7,500 new telephone links and 180 CCTV links.[25]

Fares
Most of the transport modes that come under the control of TfL have their own charging and ticketing regimes for single fare. Buses and trams share a common fare and ticketing regime, and the DLR, Overground, Underground, and National Rail services another.

Zonal fare system
Main article: London fare zones
Rail service fares in the capital are calculated by a zonal fare system. London is divided into eleven fare zones, with every station on the London Underground, London Overground, Docklands Light Railway and, since 2007, on National Rail services, being in one, or in some cases, two zones. The zones are mostly concentric rings of increasing size emanating from the centre of London. They are (in order):

Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Zone 4
Zone 5
Zone 6
Zones 7–9, C, G and W
Travelcard
Main article: Travelcard
Superimposed on these mode-specific regimes is the Travelcard system, which provides zonal tickets with validities from one day to one year, and off-peak variants. These are accepted on the DLR, buses, railways, trams, and the Underground, and provide a discount on many river services fares.

Oyster card
Main article: Oyster card
The Oyster card is a contactless smart card system introduced for the public in 2003, which can be used to pay individual fares (pay as you go) or to carry various Travelcards and other passes. It is used by scanning the card at a yellow card reader. Such readers are found on ticket gates where otherwise a paper ticket could be fed through, allowing the gate to open and the passenger to walk through, and on stand-alone Oyster validators, which do not operate a barrier. Since 2010, Oyster Pay as you go has been available on all National Rail services within London. Oyster Pay as you go has a set of daily maximum charges that are the same as buying the nearest equivalent Day Travelcard.

Contactless payments
Main article: Contactless payments
Contactless Visa, Maestro, MasterCard and American Express debit and credit cards issued in the UK are accepted for travel on London Underground, London Overground, Docklands Light Railway, most National Rail, London Tramlink and Bus services. This works in the same way for the passenger as an Oyster card, including the use of capping and reduced fares compared to paper tickets. The widespread use of contactless payment has meant that TfL is now one of Europe's largest contactless merchants, with around 1 in 10 contactless transactions in the UK taking place on the TfL network.[27]

Apple Pay
Main article: Apple Pay
Transport for London also accepts Apple Pay in the same way as contactless payment cards.[28] The fares are the same as those charged on a debit or credit card, including the same daily capping. Since its introduction, TfL has become the most popular Apple Pay merchant following the UK launch.[29][30][31][32]

Google Pay
Main article: Google Pay
Google Pay can also be used across TfL's network, working in the same way as contactless cards..[33] Users can track their spending on TfL services from the app and through adding their original contactless card to their 'Contactless and Oyster' account on the TfL website.

Samsung Pay
Main article: Samsung Pay
Samsung Pay is also available on use on the TfL's Network working in the same way as contactless payment cards.[34] Users can track their spending on TfL services through adding their original contactless card to their 'Contactless and Oyster' account on the TfL website as well as in the Samsung Pay app. If the user has chosen a 'Transport Card' in the app and have NFC enabled on their device, no fingerprint, or verification is required to authorise a 'Tap in' or 'Tap out' of the network allowing the user to not have the screen on and still pass through the barrier

شارون أوزبورن

شارون أوزبورنا راشيل هي زوجة أوزي اوزبورنا المغني وكاتب الاغاني. فهي مذيعة التلفزيون الإنجليزية، والمؤلفة ، مديرة الموسيقى وسيدة أعمال ومتعهدة. وهي من بين 25 امراة غنية في بريطانيا هي تعيش حاليا في ولاية كاليفورنيا

شارون أوزبورنا راشيل، مذيعة وكاتبة أغان، ولدت في 9 أكتوبر 1952 م في بريكستون في جنوب لندن، تزوجت من المغني والكاتب أوزي أوزبورن، ولديها منه ثلاثة أبناء هم إيمي، كيلي، وجاك.

صنفت شارون في المرتبة 25 في قائمة صحيفة "صنداي تايمز" لأغنى السيدات في بريطانيا، بعد النجاح الساحق الذي حققه برنامجها التلفزيوني The Osbournes، المستوحى من الروتين اليومي لأسرتها. ثم زادت شهرة شارون، بعد أن شاركت في لجنة تحكيم برنامج X Factor.

وكان لمشاركة شارون في لجنة تحكيم America's Got Talent دور كبير في اتساع دائرة شهرتها لتتعدى بريطانيا والولايات المتحدة؛ نظرا لاتساع جماهيرية البرنامج الذي يتم بثه في عدد كبير من دول العالم.

Sharon Osbourne

Sharon Rachel Osbourne (née Levy; born 9 October 1952)[1] is an English media personality, businesswoman, television host, talent competition judge, music manager, live promoter, and author. She is the wife of heavy metal singer-songwriter Ozzy Osbourne and first came into public prominence after appearing on The Osbournes, a reality television show that followed her family's daily life. Osbourne later became a talent show judge on television shows such as the British and original version of The X Factor, from 2004 to 2007, returning in 2013, and again from 2016 to 2017. She also was a judge on America's Got Talent from 2007 until 2012.

After the success of The Osbournes and The X Factor, hosting her own chat shows and securing advertising contracts, Osbourne was ranked as the 25th richest woman in Britain on the 2009 Sunday Times Rich List.[2] As of 2008, Osbourne and her husband were ranked as the 724th richest people in Britain with an estimated joint wealth of £110 million. Sharon Osbourne is credited with reviving her husband's heavy metal career by founding the summer Ozzfest tour.[3] She is one of five co-hosts of the daytime series The Talk. Osbourne is one of the original hosts from its launch in October 2010. In September 2014, it was announced that Osbourne would become an occasional panellist on the British lunchtime television programme Loose Women as part of the show's relaunch. On both shows, Osbourne and co-hosts/panellists discuss topical issues, ranging from daily politics and current affairs, to celebrity gossip.
Early life
Sharon Rachel Levy was born on 9 October 1952 in London, United Kingdom, as the daughter of Don Arden (born Harry Levy, 1926–2007), who was an English music promoter and rock and roll entrepreneur, and his wife, Hope (née Shaw, 1916-1999).[4][5] She has a brother, David.[6] She describes herself as of Irish and Ashkenazi Jewish heritage.[7]

Osbourne revealed she was surrounded by violence during her childhood and that it was a normal occurrence to see her father threatening someone, or brandishing a firearm.[8] Osbourne's father, Don Arden, was a rock and roll entrepreneur who managed Black Sabbath and sacked Ozzy Osbourne from the group. Levy began dating future husband Ozzy Osbourne in 1979 after Black Sabbath fired him and took over his management from the Arden organisation.[3] Levy coordinated the recruitment of a backing band (Randy Rhoads, Bob Daisley, and Lee Kerslake) for the recording of the Blizzard of Ozz album and helped Ozzy launch what became a successful solo career.[3] Arden resented his daughter for dating Ozzy and managing his career.[9] In her memoir, Osbourne relates that he had robbed her, once tried to kill her, and once told Ozzy that she had tried to seduce him, in an effort to turn Ozzy against her.[5] She soon lost contact with her father and did not speak to him for 20 years.[10] In an interview in 2001, she commented that her father has never seen her children and that "he never will".[3] Osbourne had told her children that their grandfather was dead, but they unknowingly saw him for the first time when Osbourne was shouting abuse at him on a street in Los Angeles.[11] When asked who she was shouting at, she replied Tony Curtis.[5] They were reunited in 2001 and he then had a role in their reality show, The Osbournes.[10] In August 2004, Osbourne stated her father had Alzheimer's disease and she paid for his care in the last years of his life.[5]

Osbourne's relationship with her mother was also damaged. At the age of 17, Osbourne lost her virginity and realized two months later that she was pregnant. By her account, pressure from others, principally her mother, influenced her decision to have an abortion, which Osbourne has described as the biggest mistake in her life.[12] While visiting her parents on a later occasion, her mother's dogs attacked her and it was some time before her mother appeared to call them off. She was pregnant at the time and subsequently lost the baby.[13] According to a 2009 article in The Guardian, Hope Arden was a cold woman who became even stranger after a serious car accident, something which Osbourne said "unhinged her". When Osbourne was informed of her mother's death, she said "Oh, what a shame" and simply put the phone down.[
Ozzfest
See also: Ozzfest
A series of high-selling albums and world tours followed through the 1980s, eventually bringing about Ozzy's popularity. In 1996, Osbourne created the Ozzfest summer touring festival.[3] It went on to become a regular rock occasion and celebrated a 10th anniversary in 2006. By 2007, the ticket prices had reached £76 ($150)[14] and Osbourne announced that the tickets would be free to allow more people the opportunity to attend the concert. Prior to the founding of Ozzfest, Osbourne approached Lollapalooza, another rock/pop festival, to request that Ozzy play at that year's festival, only to be rejected and told that Ozzy was "uncool" and too drugged up. It was then that she decided to launch her own festival.[3] Controversy ensued when she pulled the plug on Iron Maiden's set three times in one performance. She also harassed the singer Bruce Dickinson, and threw eggs at the band.[15]

Sharon Osbourne Management
In light of her success managing her husband, Osbourne branched out into managing other acts by creating Sharon Osbourne Management. The new company, with Osbourne as its sole employee, managed artists such as Gary Moore, Motörhead, Lita Ford, The Smashing Pumpkins,[3] and Coal Chamber. She co-managed a band called Cube, with Cud guitarist Mike Dunphy. Cube were signed to Polydor Records but had limited success. She has also turned down career guidance requests from Fred Durst, Guns N' Roses, and Courtney Love.[3]

Television career
Early work (2002–2007)
Osbourne gained celebrity status as one of the stars of MTV's reality show, The Osbournes, which followed her family's daily life and had a national audience. As the person who negotiated with MTV to screen the show, she is often credited with bringing about her husband's emergence from heavy metal icon into mainstream celebrity. The show began airing in early 2002, and when, in July 2002, Osbourne was diagnosed with cancer, she insisted that filming should continue. The final episode of the show aired in the US on 21 March 2005. MTV's British affiliate has been airing the show since 2003. The show brought MTV its highest ratings ever in both America and Britain.[16]

The Osbournes' Beverly Hills home (made famous on the show) has since been sold and the Osbournes have taken up residence in another home in Beverly Hills. Her Beverly Hills home was later seen in The X Factor during series two. The show saw that Osbourne was responsible for the livelihood of 12 dogs and employs a dog walker named Cherie. From the mid-1990s until the end of The Osbournes in 2005, she was primarily based in Los Angeles with the rest of her family. Osbourne earned an estimated £11.5 million from The Osbournes.[2]

In 2009, she was included in Yahoo!'s Top 10 TV Moms from Six Decades of Television for the time period 2002–2005.[17] In 2003, Osbourne became the host of her own television talk show, The Sharon Osbourne Show, which was syndicated to various US channels and also shown in the UK on Sky One. The show was meant to be a reflection of her personality and home life – similar to her reality show but with the inclusion of guest interviews and performances. During the episodes, she conducted some of her interviews on a giant bed. However, the ratings were never successful[18] and critics panned her inability to perform the basic tasks required of a talk show host, such as reading cue cards and conducting interviews. The show was canceled in early 2004 after one season.[19]

In 2006, UK TV network ITV commissioned a new chat show, initially to be called Mrs Osbourne Presents, but eventually just named The Sharon Osbourne Show. Osbourne signed a deal with ITV for a reputed £2 million.[20] The show began on Tuesday 29 August 2006, and was scheduled to run for six weeks in the 5 pm weekday timeslot. The premiere episode proved a close competition as the show received 1.9 million viewers with 17% share – 400,000 viewers (and 3% share) ahead of Richard & Judy on Channel 4. Her second show attracted 2.1 million viewers.[21] However, ratings appeared to decrease after Channel 4 moved its game show Deal Or No Deal, hosted by Noel Edmonds, into the timeslot, with Osbourne managing 1.2 million viewers compared to Deal Or No Deal's 2.9m.[22] Channel 4's The New Paul O'Grady Show returned on Monday 25 September 2006 with 2.3 million viewers compared to Osbourne's 1.6 million.

Osbourne was a judge and mentor on the UK's The X Factor every year, from 2004 through to 2007. In the first series she mentored the 16–24s and chose Roberta Howett, Cassie Compton and Tabby Callaghan to represent her in the live rounds of the show. The best placed of these was Tabby, who finished third overall. The final was contested between Simon Cowell's act Steve Brookstein and Louis Walsh's act G4, with Steve winning. Osbourne's outburst against Steve on the night of the final is widely credited with helping him to win, although according to her autobiography he was well ahead at all stages of the voting.[citation needed]

In the second series she mentored the 25-and-overs, and selected Andy Abraham, Brenda Edwards, Chico Slimani and Maria Lawson to contest the final rounds. Andy Abraham finished in second place to Louis Walsh's act Shayne Ward. During this series, the judges were again required to bring the selected candidates to their homes. Osbourne chose her Beverly Hills home as a suitable location, which saw Osbourne inviting her neighbours and husband Ozzy Osbourne to attend live performances by the candidates. During Chico's performance, he jumped into her functioning fountain with a live microphone, and proceeded to splash water.

Osbourne also appeared in the spin-off show The X Factor: Battle of the Stars. She was not required to choose her celebrity singing contestants but was selected to manage the 16–24s which were made up of Nikki Sanderson, Matt Stevens and Michelle Marsh.

In the third series of The X Factor in 2006, she was mentoring the 25-and-overs, and selected Ben Mills, Dionne Mitchell, Robert Allen and Kerry McGregor. Kerry and Dionne were voted out in a double elimination on 28 October, Robert was voted out on 18 November and Ben was voted out on 9 December, sending Osbourne out of the competition. During the filming of the third series, Osbourne lived at the Dorchester Hotel in central London.

Osbourne was criticised for her outbursts on the show, where before a live show in series three she reportedly spoke out against Who Wants To Be A Millionaire? presenter Chris Tarrant, who was in the show's audience prior to filming. Tarrant had made a joke about Ozzy Osbourne to which Sharon Osbourne took offence, but most of her outburst focused on criticising Tarrant's recent infidelity to his wife Ingrid from whom he was in the process of separating.[23] It was rumoured that Simon Cowell, fellow judge and creator of the show, was displeased with her performance in series three, and was thinking of replacing her and Louis Walsh for the next series.[24] However, it was confirmed that Osbourne had been contracted to return for the fourth series of the show.[25]

She then appeared in the fourth series along with judges Simon Cowell, Louis Walsh and new judge, Dannii Minogue.[26] However, on The Paul O'Grady Show, aired on 23 October 2007, Osbourne confirmed she would return on the next episode and stated that it is part of her personality to say things in the heat of the moment and not to contrive anything that she says. Two weeks into the live shows, a number of happy slapping videos of Emily Nakanda appeared in the media, apparently showing her beating another teenaged girl.[27] On 17 November, Alisha Bennett was voted out of the competition, leaving Osbourne with no acts halfway through the competition.[28]

Later work (2007–present)
Osbourne joined the judging panel on the second season of America's Got Talent, along with Piers Morgan and David Hasselhoff, replacing the singer Brandy.[29] Osbourne later worked on the show with Howie Mandel and Howard Stern as judges and Nick Cannon as host.

The season premiered in the United States on 5 June 2007. In her first episode, Osbourne came into a conflict with Piers Morgan when she felt he judged a child contestant too harshly. She threatened to leave the show in the middle of filming, saying "I didn't sign up for this", but was talked out of it. The incident was shown on air.[30] Osbourne has since stayed with the show for its third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh seasons. The new season was announced in a promotional video shown during a commercial break for season seven's second live show. Osbourne initially stated that she will not return for the season,[31] but later said that she was staying with the show "for now".[32] Following this, she announced she was quitting after a dispute with NBC and the producers of Stars Earn Stripes involving what she believed was disability discrimination against her son Jack.[33]

On 6 June 2008, it was announced in a statement on behalf of Osbourne that she has decided to step down as an X Factor judge after four series on the show.[34] The statement read "Sharon would like to thank the wonderful British public for their enormous support during what's been an exciting ride. She would also like to take this opportunity to thank Simon Cowell and ITV while wishing them all the best for the next series."[35] A spokesman from ITV commented "She has been a tremendous judge and mentor on the programme, but we respect her wish to leave and wish her the very best."[36] Osbourne was replaced by Cheryl Cole.

Osbourne hosted the second season of Rock of Love: Charm School with co-hosts Riki Rachtman and Daniella Clarke on VH1. Osbourne had a physical altercation on 13 December 2008 with contestant Megan Hauserman on the reunion special for the show after Hauserman made derogatory statements about Osbourne's husband, Ozzy. Hauserman reportedly filed a report with the Los Angeles Police Department[37][38] and has since filed a lawsuit against Osbourne, claiming battery, negligence and infliction of emotional distress.[39] In 2011, Osbourne reached a settlement with Hauserman.[citation needed] In July 2008, Fox announced that the Osbourne family would be hosting a new variety show titled Osbournes: Reloaded (working title was Osbournes: Loud and Dangerous).[40] The show started filming at CBS Studios in Hollywood in December 2008 before a live audience. The show premiered in March 2009.[41] Fremantle Media North America is producing the show. The show was canceled after its premiere episode.[citation needed]

During an interview on Piers Morgan's Life Stories, broadcast on 22 February 2009, Osbourne admitted that the reason for her departure from The X Factor was her relationship with Dannii Minogue.[42] She stated "I didn't enjoy working with her at all and didn't fancy the prospect of spending six months sitting next to her."[43]

In March 2010, Osbourne appeared on NBC's The Celebrity Apprentice, coming in third place.

Osbourne co-hosts The Talk, which is a talk show that premiered 18 October 2010. This decision came after CBS canceled the soap opera As the World Turns. The show is similar to The View and seeks to address motherhood and other contemporary issues.[44] In September 2010, Osbourne made a return to The X Factor at the Judges' Houses round of series 7 where she assisted Louis Walsh at Adare Manor, County Limerick, Ireland to pick the final 3 contestants of the Over 28s category,[45] Then in September 2012, she joined Louis again this time in Las Vegas, for the 9th series Judges Houses segment of the competition, to help him choose his final 3 groups.[46] Osbourne will be the last original co-host following the resignation of fellow co-host and series creator Sara Gilbert.

On 27 May 2012, it was reported Osbourne was in talks with The X Factor bosses to return as a judge and replacement for Kelly Rowland, who announced she would not return for the show's ninth series.[47] However, Osbourne turned down the role and the role went to Nicole Scherzinger.

Osbourne has expressed interest in reprising her role on the judging panel, notably in September 2012, when she said that she would 'love' to return for the show's tenth series.[48] Media outlets reported in December 2012 that X Factor producers had approached Osbourne for a return in 2013, reportedly to replace Tulisa.[49] In April 2013, the show's creative director Brian Friedman said that he was "confident" of Sharon Osbourne's return, following her departure from America's Got Talent and replacement by Heidi Klum.[50] It was later announced by ITV that Osbourne would indeed be returning for the tenth series of the show, replacing Tulisa.[51] She returned to the judging panel alongside Gary Barlow, Nicole Scherzinger, and original panellist Louis Walsh.[52] During the live shows, she mentored the Over 25s category which included Lorna Simpson, Shelley Smith and Sam Bailey. Bailey was eventually announced as the winner of the show on 15 December, marking Osbourne's first victory as a mentor in the show's ten-year history.[53] Osbourne did not return for the eleventh series of The X Factor UK and was replaced by Cheryl Fernandez-Versini.

In 2014 and 2017, Osbourne appeared as a guest panellist on ITV's daytime programme Loose Women.

On 1 June 2016, it was announced that once again, Osbourne will be returning to The X Factor for the show's thirteenth series to replace Cheryl Fernandez-Versini. This time, alongside Louis Walsh, Nicole Scherzinger and Simon Cowell. She once again mentored the Over 25s category, choosing Saara Aalto, Relley C and Honey G as her final three contestants. Aalto went on to become the series' runner-up.

Media appearances
In January 2003, Osbourne and the rest of her family hosted the 30th Annual American Music Awards.[54][55] The night was marked with constant "bleeping" due to some of the lewd and raunchy remarks made by both Osbourne and Ozzy. Additionally, the night was met with some controversy, as critics panned their hosting and presenter Patricia Heaton walked out midway in disgust.[56]

In January 2005, she was contracted to feature in a television advertising campaign for UK supermarket chain, Asda and later in 2007, Osbourne became the new face of Galabingo when she was featured in television advertisements promoting the gambling website.[57] She has co-hosted one of the Royal Variety Performances with Jonathan Ross. Osbourne appeared in Days of Our Lives, It's a Boy Girl Thing.

On Friday 15 June 2007, Osbourne guest hosted The Friday Night Project with Justin Lee Collins and Alan Carr. Osbourne also made a cameo appearance on 23 June 2007 in an episode of the science fiction series Doctor Who. The episode "The Sound of Drums" saw her appearing in a spoof party political broadcast, which featured testimonials from British celebrities such as Osbourne and the band McFly showing their support for Mr Saxon to become Prime Minister.[58]

On 20 February 2008, Sharon Osbourne co-hosted the 28th edition of the BRIT Awards at Earls Court in London, along with her husband and daughter Kelly.[59] During the awards Osbourne caused controversy and sparked complaints by calling Vic Reeves, who was presenting one of the awards, a "piss head" and a "bastard" after he appeared to be drunk, although he claimed that he was having trouble reading the autocue.[60] On 22 August 2008, Osbourne took part in the 2008 MediaGuardian Edinburgh International Television Festival in Scotland.[61] In 2009 she co-hosted WWE Raw with her husband Ozzy.

On 1 April 2010, Sharon Osbourne (along with Kelly Osbourne) joined Cyndi Lauper in the launch of her Give a Damn campaign to bring a wider awareness of discrimination of the LGBT community as part of her True Colors Fund. The organisation campaigns to urge straight people to stand up with the gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender community and stop discrimination. Other names included in the campaign are Whoopi Goldberg, Jason Mraz, Elton John, Judith Light, Cynthia Nixon, Kim Kardashian & Clay Aiken. Anna Paquin is also part of the campaign and came out as bisexual. This news clogged the Give A Damn website.[62]

Osbourne has a recurring voice role as Mama Hook in the animated television series Jake and the Never Land Pirates, which was broadcast in 2012.[63]

In 2016, Osbourne appeared in two videos for PETA, explaining why she gave up wearing fur and encouraging others to do the same.[64]

Autobiographies
Sharon Osbourne's first autobiography, Extreme (co-authored by Penelope Dening), was published in October 2005 and tells of her difficult childhood growing up with her father, Don Arden, and also documents the highs and lows of her marriage to husband Ozzy Osbourne, shedding light on areas of her life previously not commented on. Domestic violence, drug abuse, alcoholism, affairs, bribery, colon cancer, robberies, a plane crash, therapy, and cosmetic surgery are also documented in the autobiography.[11]

Published by Time WarnerBooks, it went to Number 1 on the Sunday Times Bestseller List (UK) where it remained for 15 weeks and sold over 621,000 copies in hardback, becoming the biggest-selling autobiography since British records began, beating the previous record set by David Beckham's autobiography by 100,000 copies.[65] In March 2006 it won Biography of the Year at the British Book Awards. The autobiography has proceeded to sell in excess of two million copies which has become the most successful female autobiography ever.[11]

Osbourne later released another autobiography named Survivor, the title coming from surviving cancer. It was released in 2007. In August 2013, Osbourne announced on Twitter that her third autobiography named Unbreakable, would be released on 10 October 2013.

Awards and recognition
In 2002, Sharon Osbourne and husband Ozzy were invited to the White House Correspondents' Association dinner by Fox News Channel correspondent Greta Van Susteren for that year's event.
Sharon Osbourne and Ozzy Osbourne were honoured for their contribution to the music industry at a ceremony in London when the couple won a Silver Clef Award.[66]
Osbourne was voted "the most amazing woman of 2003", according to a poll published by Handbag.com, a website for women, taking almost a third of the votes cast. More than 7,000 votes were cast in a range of categories.[67]
During Osbourne's time battling cancer, she attended an award ceremony to collect a gong for the success of her family's television show The Osbournes. She attended the Creative Arts Emmy Awards in Los Angeles with her daughter Kelly Osbourne, to receive the best reality television show award.[68]
In late 2004, Osbourne attended the Woman of the Year awards in London to collect an award that she had previously won at the 2002 event, but was unable to accept due to illness.
Osbourne was voted Freemans Celebrity Mum of the Year in 2006, fending off competition from Jordan, Kate Moss and the Duchess of Cornwall.[citation needed]
In 2006, Osbourne's autobiography won Biography of the year at the British Book Awards.[69]
There is a wax figure of Osbourne at Madame Tussauds.
She is an honorary board member of the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation.[70]
Public image
On the Sunday Times Rich List 2006, Osbourne was listed as the 44th richest woman in Britain and the 60th richest woman on the 2007 list. In the overall British list in 2006, Osbourne and her husband appeared together as the 554th richest people with a combined wealth of £100 million.[71] As of 2008, the couple was ranked as the 724th richest people in Britain with an estimated joint wealth of £110 million.[72]

Osbourne has sent her son or daughter's feces in Tiffany boxes on more than one occasion to people she felt had unreasonably criticised her or her family. When a journalist criticised her teenage children, Osbourne sent a box of excrement with a note saying, "I heard you've got an eating disorder. Eat this."[73][74]

The popular British comedy Dead Ringers, features and spoofs Osbourne (played by Jan Ravens) quite prominently alongside her husband (played by Jon Culshaw). Also, she was spoofed by impressionist Ronni Ancona on Alistair McGowan's Big Impression and was also featured in comedy 2DTV. On Saturday Night Live, Amy Poehler played her on "Celebrity Jeopardy!" skit on 14 May 2005.

Sharon Osbourne appeared in season nine of Celebrity Apprentice. On 16 May 2010, she was fired during the double elimination round. Impressionist Francine Lewis performed an impression of her in the seventh series of Britain's Got Talent.

Personal life
Sharon Osbourne (then Sharon Levy) met her future husband Black Sabbath vocalist Ozzy Osbourne, at the age of 18, while working for her father, Don Arden, who was managing Black Sabbath at the time. When Ozzy was fired from Black Sabbath in 1979, Sharon started to date him and took over his management as a solo artist. The two were married in Maui, Hawaii, on 4 July 1982.[75] Together, Sharon and Ozzy have three children: Aimee, Kelly and Jack.[76]

For years, the Osbourne marriage was plagued by alcohol, drug use, and violence, with Osbourne having even been arrested for driving while intoxicated. The couple used to physically fight regularly and, according to Osbourne, they would "beat."[3] She has described herself as "a beaten woman" when she was at the hands of husband Ozzy where he once knocked out her front teeth. She once retaliated by throwing a full bottle of scotch at his head.[5] The most notorious incident arose in August 1989, when Ozzy was arrested for attempted murder after he had returned from the Moscow Music Peace Festival, and tried to strangle Osbourne in a haze of alcohol and drugs.[3] After the incident, he spent six months in rehabilitation as a result of his actions, after which time, Osbourne said she regained her strength in their relationship and did not press charges.[77]

In July 2002, after colon cancer claimed the life of Reagan Erin Marcato, the mother of her daughters' friend, then-18-year-old son Robert, Osbourne told the BBC that she had adopted Robert;[76] however, when he was later sent to live with his father following a nervous breakdown, Osbourne denied having legally adopted him.[78]

Health
In 1999, Osbourne lost 100 pounds (45 kg) after lap-band surgery (adjustable gastric band). Osbourne commented that being large was an essential part of her persona when she worked for her father and that being larger, she made a more dramatic entrance.[5] On 26 October 2006, she went on the Howard Stern Show and revealed that she gained 15 pounds in the last year and would be having her plastic band removed.

In July 2002, Osbourne had surgery for cancer.[77] She announced it was colon cancer and had spread to her lymph nodes and was more serious than originally thought.[79] She survived the disease against a 33% survival prognosis. Despite battling cancer, she insisted that the MTV cameras document her illness during the filming of the second season of The Osbournes. When Osbourne's hair fell out during her subsequent treatment, her wigs were custom made by Cher's wigmaker.[5] Ozzy Osbourne admitted that he "fell apart" during her treatment and recovery,[80] and it was revealed that her son, Jack Osbourne, tried to commit suicide because of his depression stemming from his mother's condition.[81]

In August 2004, she founded the Sharon Osbourne Colon Cancer Program at Cedars Sinai Hospital. In addition, she was the honoured guest at the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation's 2003 Fall Gala,[82] where she spoke of her struggle against cancer. Osbourne has lent her support to design limited edition T-shirts or vests for the 'Little Tee Campaign' for Breast Cancer Care which donates money for breast cancer research.[82]

Osbourne has freely admitted to having extensive cosmetic surgery. As well as documenting this in her autobiography, she appeared on Dr. Phil on 14 December 2006, and commented on everything that had been surgically changed on her body to improve her appearance. She stated that she had had a full rhytidectomy, abdominoplasty, mastopexy, as well as many other procedures, but commented that she would not have any surgery performed on her eyes or lips.[83] She has admitted to spending £300,000 on plastic surgery.[84]

In early November 2012, Osbourne revealed she had undergone a double mastectomy after learning she had a gene that increases the risk of developing breast cancer.[85]

Household incidents
In 2004, Osbourne's home in Jordans, Buckinghamshire, was burgled by a man who stole gems worth £2 million. The burglar managed to get away with the gems despite being put in a headlock by Ozzy. Items taken during the burglary included wedding rings, an engagement ring, pearl and diamond necklaces, a large 52 carat (10 g) sapphire ring and two pairs of diamond earrings. After the incident, Osbourne appeared on Crimewatch and offered a reward of £100,000 for the return of her valuable jewellery.[86]

In March 2005, there was an incident in the Osbournes' mansion in Jordans, Buckinghamshire. Ozzy and Sharon were forced to flee their mansion when a blaze broke out as they slept. They were not injured but had to be treated for smoke inhalation.[87] In 2006, another fire broke out at the Osbourne's mansion; however, none of the family was at home.[88]

Political statements
In 2016, Osbourne voted for Brexit in the referendum regarding the issue. She subsequently stated in an interview with the Sunday Times that there had been too much foreign immigration into England, and that its society was being adversely affected by it.[89]

In September 2019, in widely reported comments made in a interview with The Sun, Osbourne said of Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn, "Oh my God, I hate him so much. I want to hurt him; I want to physically hurt this man. He is the most arrogant, ugly fuck. I want to hurt him. Oh my God, he is revolting; so ugly, inside and out. This ugliness oozes from him

إمري تشان

إمري تشان (بالألمانية: Emre Can) (مواليد 12 يناير 1994 في فرانكفورت – ألمانيا) لاعب كرة قدم ألماني يلعب حاليا لصالح نادي الدرجة الأولى نادي ليفربول الإنجليزي منذ 2014 في مركز الوسط المحوري، بعدما انتقل في صيف 2014 من نادي بايرن ليفركوزن بصفقة قدرت ب 9.75 مليون يورو

Emre Can

Emre Can (Turkish pronunciation: [ˈemɾe ˈdʒan];[4] born 12 January 1994) is a German professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Serie A club Juventus and the Germany national team. A versatile player, Can has also played as a defensive midfielder, centre back and full back.

He began his senior career at Bayern Munich, playing mostly in the club's reserve side before transferring to Bayer Leverkusen in 2013. A season later, he was signed by Liverpool for £9.75 million where he made over 150 appearances across all competitions before joining Juventus in 2018.

Can represented Germany from Under-15 to Under-21 level, and featured at the 2015 Under-21 European Championship. He made his senior debut in September 2015 and was selected for the 2016 European Championship. The following year, he was part of the German squad which won the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup in Russia, and also scored his first senior international goal.
Club career
Early career
Born in 1994 to Turkish parents in Frankfurt, Can joined local side SV Blau-Gelb Frankfurt at the age of six and remained at the club until 2006, when he joined the youth academy of Eintracht Frankfurt. During his time with both Frankfurt clubs, he predominantly played in midfield where he assumed an attacking role.[5][6][7] In 2009, at the age of 15, he relocated to Bavaria after being signed by Bayern Munich.[7]

Bayern Munich
During his first year in Bayern's academy, Can was used in the centre-back position before returning to midfield when he began playing for Bayern Munich II in the Regionalliga Bayern.[5] He made his first team debut in the 2012 DFL-Supercup and his Bundesliga debut against 1. FC Nürnberg on 13 April 2013.[8] His first and only league goal for the club came on 27 April 2013 in a 1–0 home win over SC Freiburg.[9] Competing with Bastian Schweinsteiger, Luiz Gustavo and Javi Martínez for a spot in Bayern's midfield, he ultimately made only seven senior appearances before signing for fellow Bundesliga side Bayer Leverkusen in 2013 in seek of regular game-time.[10][11]

Bayer Leverkusen
On 2 August 2013, Can signed a four-year deal with Bayer 04 Leverkusen.[12] A buy-back clause was included in the agreement which would have allowed Bayern to re-sign Can for a set-fee in 2015, an option they later declined to exercise.[13]

Can made his debut for die Werkself on 31 August 2013, coming on as an 80th-minute substitute for Stefan Reinartz in a 2–0 defeat at FC Schalke 04.[14] His first goal for the club came on 26 October when he scored the winner against FC Augsburg in a 2–1 victory.[15] Can made his UEFA Champions League debut against Manchester United at Old Trafford later that month in a match which ended 4–2 in the favour of the English side.[16]

In his only season at Leverkusen, Can scored four goals and made four assists in 39 appearances, while largely operating in a defensive capacity. His performances while at Leverkusen sparked interest from English club Liverpool, who noted Can's performances in both the Bundesliga and Champions League.[10]

Liverpool
On 5 June 2014, Bayer Leverkusen confirmed that Can would join Liverpool after the Merseyside club activated his £9.75 million (€12 million) release clause. Liverpool manager Brendan Rodgers described Can in a press conference later in the week as an "inspirational young talent".[17] The transfer was completed on 3 July 2014
Can made his competitive debut for the club on 25 August 2014, coming on as a substitute for Joe Allen in a 3–1 away defeat against Manchester City.[19] The following month, he picked up an ankle injury while on duty with the German under-21 side and was sidelined for six weeks.[20] On 19 October, following his return from injury, Can made his first start for Liverpool in a 3–2 win against Queens Park Rangers.[21] He scored his first Liverpool goal on 8 November with a long-range shot past Thibaut Courtois, opening the scoring in an eventual 2–1 defeat to Chelsea.[22] Against the same opponent in a League Cup semi-final defeat on 27 January 2015, Can was stamped on by Chelsea forward Diego Costa; referee Michael Oliver did not penalize the incident, but Costa was retrospectively banned for three matches by the FA.[23] In April, Can received his first red card for Liverpool in 4–1 loss to Arsenal at the Emirates Stadium.[24] Though naturally a midfielder, Can spent much of his debut season playing in defence, and ultimately featured 40 times for the campaign across all competitions.[25][26]

2015–16 season
On 22 October 2015, in Liverpool's UEFA Europa League match against Rubin Kazan at Anfield, Can scored his first goal of the 2015–16 season. It was the club's first goal under the management of Can's compatriot and new manager Jürgen Klopp.[27] On 14 February 2016, he scored his first league goal of the season in a 6–0 win over Aston Villa.[28] While Can was often used at centre back or full back under Rodgers, with Klopp's arrival he was moved to his preferred position of central midfielder. He was praised by Klopp for his improvement and became a key cog in Liverpool's midfield.[29][30] On 14 April 2016, Can ruptured his ankle ligaments in the Europa League quarter-final against Borussia Dortmund. Initially, he was ruled out for the rest of the domestic season.[31] However, he returned ahead of schedule and played in the second leg of the semi-final against Villarreal.[32][33] Can later revealed that he trained for 8 hours a day for 3 weeks to get fit for the Villarreal game.[34]

2016–17 season
On 29 October 2016, Can scored his first goal of the season, scoring the opening goal in Liverpool's 4–2 win over Crystal Palace.[35] On 6 November, Can scored Liverpool's third goal in their 6–1 win over Watford, which took Liverpool to 1st position in the Premier League for the first time under Jürgen Klopp.[36][37] On 4 December, Can scored in Liverpool's 4–3 defeat to Bournemouth.[38][39] On 12 March 2017, Can scored the winning goal in Liverpool's 2–1 win over Burnley, in what was called by Klopp an "ugly win".[40] On 1 May 2017, Can scored an overhead kick in a 1–0 in over Watford, with the strike later earning him the BBC Goal of the Season and Carling Goal of the Season awards.
2017–18 season
On 23 August 2017, Can scored twice against Hoffenheim in the second leg of the Champions League play-off round in a 4–2 win for Liverpool on the night, and a 6–3 win on aggregate.[44] These were his first goals for Liverpool in the new season.[45] Can received praise for his performance during Liverpool's 4–0 win over Arsenal on 27 August.[46][47] On 1 November, Can scored in Liverpool's 3–0 win over Slovenian side Maribor.[48] His first league goal of the season came in a 5–1 away win over Brighton & Hove Albion, where he played at centre-back.[49] On 30 January 2018, Can scored the opening goal in Liverpool's 3–0 win over Huddersfield Town at the Kirklees Stadium.[50] On 24 February, he scored the opener in Liverpool's 4–1 win over West Ham United.[51] On 17 March, during a game against Watford, Can suffered a muscle injury in his back, and it was reported that he could potentially miss the rest of the season out injured.[52][53][54][55] Can returned in time for the 2018 UEFA Champions League Final against Real Madrid, but was only named on the bench.[56] He came on as a substitute for James Milner in the 83rd minute. Liverpool lost the match by a scoreline of 3–1.[57]

On 8 June 2018, it was confirmed by Liverpool via their official website that Can, along with Jon Flanagan and several youth players, would leave the club upon the expiry of their contracts, on 1 July 2018.[58][59]

Juventus
On 21 June 2018, Can signed a four-year deal with Serie A side Juventus following the expiration of his contract with Liverpool; the Italian club paid €16 million in additional costs for his services.[60][61] Can became the tenth German player, after Hans Mayer Heuberger, Josef Edmund Heß, Helmut Haller, Thomas Häßler, Stefan Reuter, Jürgen Kohler, Andreas Möller, Sami Khedira, and Benedikt Höwedes, to join Juventus. A €50 million release clause was also included in Can's contract, only valid for clubs outside of Italy and starting from his third year of contract; this was the first time that Juventus had added a release clause to one of its player's contracts.[62][63][64] He made his Serie A debut on 18 August, coming on as a substitute in a 3–2 away win against Chievo Verona.[65][66] On 21 January 2019, Can scored his first goal for the club in a 3–0 home victory over the same opponents
Can received call-ups for the German U15, U16 and U17 youth football teams. In 2011, he was a part of U17 team that finished as runners-up at the European Championships. He was also named in the team of the tournament.[71] Later that year, he captained the squad in the 2011 FIFA U-17 World Cup and led his team to the semi-finals. During the semi-final, he netted a solo goal against Mexico: he received the ball with three markers closing in on him, skipped past one and paced forward before escaping two other opponents and evading the goalkeeper, but Germany were defeated 3–2.

He represented the under-21 team at the 2015 European Championship in the Czech Republic, starting all four matches. In their opening game at the Letná Stadium in Prague on 17 June, Can scored with a 17th-minute equaliser from the edge of the penalty area in a 1–1 draw against Serbia.[72] In their second group match at the Eden Arena in Prague against Denmark on 20 June, Can hit a slide-rule pass to assist Kevin Volland's smart finish in the 32nd minute. In the 47th minute Can was awarded a free-kick, from which Volland doubled the lead thanks to a delightfully weighted free-kick from 25 metres out. Matthias Ginter rounded off the scoring to head in Amin Younes' cross just five minutes later leading to a 3–0 victory.[73] Germany were eliminated in the semi-finals following a 5–0 defeat to Portugal on 27 June, in which Can started.[74]

Senior
On 28 August 2015, Can received his first senior call-up from manager Joachim Löw, ahead of the following month's UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying matches against Poland and Scotland.[75] He made his debut on 4 September in the first game, playing the full 90 minutes of a 3–1 win at the Commerzbank-Arena in Frankfurt.[76]

On 31 May 2016, Can was named in Germany's final 23-man squad for UEFA Euro 2016.[77] His sole appearance in the tournament came in the 2–0 semi-final loss to France, a match that Can started.[78]

On 17 May 2017, Can was named in Germany's final 23-man squad for the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup.[79] Can made an appearance as a substitute in Germany's first game, a 3–2 win over Australia. He would appear in all 5 of his team's matches in the competition as Germany ran out winners in the final against Chile.[80]

He scored his first senior international goal on 8 October, in a 5–1 home win in a 2018 World Cup qualifier against Azerbaijan.[81][82]

In May 2018, he was left out of Germany's squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup.