الأربعاء، 2 أكتوبر 2019
جيجي حديد
جيلينا نورا حديد (بالإنجليزية: Jelena Noura Hadid) (مواليد 23 أبريل 1995)، والمعروفة باسم جيجي حديد (بالإنجليزية: Gigi Hadid) هي عارضة أزياء أمريكية، وشخصية مشهورة في الولايات المتحدة والعالم. وهي من أصول فلسطينية من طرف والدها محمد حديد. وقعت حديد مع آي إم جي مودلز في عام 2013. في نوفمبر 2014، دخلت حديد لأول مرة في قائمة أعلى 50 عارضة في ترتيب Models.com. في عام 2016، فازت بلقب أفضل عارضة أزياء عالمية لهذا العام من قبل مجلس الأزياء البريطاني في حفل توزيع جوائز الموضة البريطانية
الحياة المبكرة
ولدت جيجي حديد وترعرعت في لوس أنجلوس. والدها هو مطور العقارات محمد حديد، ووالدتها هي العارضة السابقة يولندا حديد (ولدت باسم "فان دين هيريك"). أمها هولندية، ووالدها من أصل فلسطيني. يصل نسبها من جهة والدها حسب قولها إلي ظاهر العمر أمير الناصرة. لجيجي اثنان من الأشقاء الأصغر سنا: الأخت بيلا، والأخ أنور، وكلاهما أيضا عارضا أزياء. لديها أيضا اثنان من الأخوات الكبار من جهة والدها: مارييل وآلانا. بعد طلاق والديها، تزوجت والدتها من المنتج الموسيقي دايفيد فوستر، ولديه خمس بنات. في عام 2013، تخرجت حديد من مدرسة ماليبو الثانوية، حيث كانت قائدة فريق الكرة الطائرة، فضلا عن كونها متسابقة خيل.
بعد المدرسة الثانوية انتقلت إلى مدينة نيويورك من أجل التركيز على دراستها وحياتها كعارضة أزياء. درست حديد علم النفس الجنائي في ذا نيو سكول بداية من خريف 2013، ولكن علقت دراستها من أجل التركيز على مهنتها كعارضة أزياء.
الحياة الشخصية
كشفت حديد في عام 2014 أنها تم تشخيصها بمرض هاشيموتو، وتكرر هذا في عام 2016.
اعتدي "فيتالي سيديوك" علي حديد في عام 2016، ودافعت عن نفسها منه.
بدأت حديد مواعدة المغني الإنجليزي زين مالك في أواخر عام 2015، وظهرت حديد في فيديو أغنية زين بيلوتوك. ظهر الثنائي معا كذلك في أغسطس عام 2017 علي غلاف مجلة فوغ، وهما الثنائي الثالث الذي يظهر علي غلاف فوغ، وأيضا قاما بحملة لـفيرزاتشي كثنائي، مع كون حديد هي المصور. في 13 مارس عام 2018، أعلن الثنائي حديد ومالك عن انفصالهما في بيانات منفصلة علي وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي. في يونيو عام 2018، أكدت حديد عودة علاقتهما من جديد علي وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي.
الحياة المبكرة
ولدت جيجي حديد وترعرعت في لوس أنجلوس. والدها هو مطور العقارات محمد حديد، ووالدتها هي العارضة السابقة يولندا حديد (ولدت باسم "فان دين هيريك"). أمها هولندية، ووالدها من أصل فلسطيني. يصل نسبها من جهة والدها حسب قولها إلي ظاهر العمر أمير الناصرة. لجيجي اثنان من الأشقاء الأصغر سنا: الأخت بيلا، والأخ أنور، وكلاهما أيضا عارضا أزياء. لديها أيضا اثنان من الأخوات الكبار من جهة والدها: مارييل وآلانا. بعد طلاق والديها، تزوجت والدتها من المنتج الموسيقي دايفيد فوستر، ولديه خمس بنات. في عام 2013، تخرجت حديد من مدرسة ماليبو الثانوية، حيث كانت قائدة فريق الكرة الطائرة، فضلا عن كونها متسابقة خيل.
بعد المدرسة الثانوية انتقلت إلى مدينة نيويورك من أجل التركيز على دراستها وحياتها كعارضة أزياء. درست حديد علم النفس الجنائي في ذا نيو سكول بداية من خريف 2013، ولكن علقت دراستها من أجل التركيز على مهنتها كعارضة أزياء.
الحياة الشخصية
كشفت حديد في عام 2014 أنها تم تشخيصها بمرض هاشيموتو، وتكرر هذا في عام 2016.
اعتدي "فيتالي سيديوك" علي حديد في عام 2016، ودافعت عن نفسها منه.
بدأت حديد مواعدة المغني الإنجليزي زين مالك في أواخر عام 2015، وظهرت حديد في فيديو أغنية زين بيلوتوك. ظهر الثنائي معا كذلك في أغسطس عام 2017 علي غلاف مجلة فوغ، وهما الثنائي الثالث الذي يظهر علي غلاف فوغ، وأيضا قاما بحملة لـفيرزاتشي كثنائي، مع كون حديد هي المصور. في 13 مارس عام 2018، أعلن الثنائي حديد ومالك عن انفصالهما في بيانات منفصلة علي وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي. في يونيو عام 2018، أكدت حديد عودة علاقتهما من جديد علي وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي.
Gigi Hadid
Jelena Noura "Gigi" Hadid (born April 23, 1995)[3] is an American fashion model.
Over the span of four years, Hadid has made 35 appearances on international Vogue magazine covers.[4] She was signed to IMG Models in 2013. In November 2014, Hadid made her debut in the Top 50 Models ranking at Models.com.[5] In 2016, she was named International Model of the Year by the British Fashion Council.
Early life
Jelena Noura Hadid was born in Los Angeles[7] to real estate developer Mohamed Hadid and former model Yolanda Hadid (née Van den Herik). Her mother is Dutch, and her father is Palestinian.[8] Through her father she claims descent from Daher Al Omer, Prince of Nazareth and the Sheik of Galilee.[9][10] Hadid has two younger siblings, a sister, Bella, and a brother, Anwar, both of whom are also models. She has two older, paternal half-sisters, Marielle and Alana.[11][3] In 2013, Hadid graduated from Malibu High School, where she was captain of the varsity volleyball team as well as a competitive horseback rider.[12][13]
Following high school, she moved to New York City, to focus on her studies and her modeling career. Hadid studied criminal psychology at The New School beginning in the fall of 2013, but suspended her studies to focus on her modeling career.[14]
Career
1997–2012: Early work
Hadid's modeling career began when she was two years old[15] after being discovered by Paul Marciano, of Guess clothing. She started modeling with Baby Guess before stopping to concentrate on school. Hadid eventually returned to modeling, in 2011.[16] She resumed working with Marciano, and was named the face of a Guess campaign in 2012. Hadid has shot three campaigns with Guess as an adult.[13][17]
2013–2014: Breakthrough
After moving to New York City and signing to IMG Models in 2013, Hadid made her New York Fashion Week debut in February 2014 walking for Desigual's show.[18][19] In the same month she got her break in high fashion on the cover of CR Fashion Book magazine.[20] On July 15, 2014, she starred alongside actor and model Patrick Schwarzenegger in fashion designer Tom Ford's Eyewear autumn/winter campaign.[21] She co-hosted the Daily Front Row's Fashion Media Awards event that was held in New York City on September 5, 2014.[22] Hadid has also starred in campaigns for Tom Ford F/W 2014, Tom Ford Velvet Orchard Fragrance and Tom Ford Beauty 2014.[23][24]
She was on the cover of Galore magazine and Carine Roitfeld's CR Fashion Book in 2014.[25][26][27]
2015–2016: Model of the Year, first American Vogue cover
Hadid appeared in the 2015 Pirelli calendar.[28] In that same year Hadid, was also the brand ambassador for Australian fashion swimwear label, Seafolly. In January 2015, she was named the Daily Front Row's Model of the Year,[29] and a Maybelline brand ambassador.[30] In March 2015, Hadid and her boyfriend at the time Cody Simpson featured as a part of fashion photographer Mario Testino project called "Towel Series."[31] By May 2015, Hadid had walked for designers including: Marc Jacobs, Chanel, Michael Kors, Jean Paul Gaultier, and Max Mara.[32] Hadid appeared in the music video for Taylor Swift's song "Bad Blood", which was released in the same month. Hadid's sister, Bella, is also a model, and the two sisters have been featured together in some modeling appearances. In December 2015, she made her first appearance in the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show.[33]
Hadid has appeared on magazine covers including Vogue (United States, Paris, Italy, Britain, Japan, Spain, Australia, Brazil, the Netherlands, Germany, Italy, China), Schön!,[34] Numéro, Allure, W Magazine and Teen Vogue as well as WSJ Magazine, Elle Canada, Dazed and Harper's Bazaar (USA, Malaysia).[35][36][37] Hadid has also shot editorials for VMAN, Elle, Grazia, Cleo, Vogue, Sports Illustrated, Paper magazine, Vanity Fair and V Magazine. Hadid has also starred in campaigns for Guess, Versace, Penshoppe, Balmain F/W 2015, Topshop, Max Mara, and Stuart Weitzman.[38][39][40]
In 2016, she walked for: Versace, Chanel, Elie Saab, Fendi, Marc Jacobs, Anna Sui, Miu Miu, Balmain, Diane Von Furstenberg, Tommy Hilfiger, Fenty x Puma, Isabel Marant, and Giambattista Valli.[41][42][43][44] In January 2016, she became the global brand ambassador for Tommy Hilfiger, fronting campaigns for underwear, apparel and fragrances.[45] In April 2016, Hadid starred in an interactive campaign including a commercial for the BMW M2.[46] She hosted the 2016 iHeartRadio Much Music Video Awards in Toronto on June 19, 2016.[47] She co-designed a capsule collection with Tommy Hilfiger called Gigi by Tommy Hilfiger which was released in the fall of 2016 at New York Fashion Week.[48] During fall 2016 Fashion Weeks in New York, Milan and Paris, Hadid opened five shows and closed seven.[49] In October her boot collection for Stuart Weitzman titled the Gigi Boot was revealed,[50] and it was announced that Hadid had become a brand ambassador for Reebok, fronting the #PerfectNever campaign.[51]
On November 20, 2016, Hadid hosted the American Music Awards. alongside Saturday Night Live alum Jay Pharoah.[52] She received backlash for an impression of Melania Trump during the show, and later apologized.[53] In December 2016, she made her second appearance in the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show, earning her wings for the first time,[54] and in the same month she won the award for International Model of the Year at the British Fashion Awards, presented to her by Donatella Versace.[6]
2017–present
Hadid started off the Spring/Summer campaign season – starring in Fendi and Moschino campaigns.[55] she also was the face of the S/S 2017 campaign for Max Mara accessories, Stuart Weitzman[56] and DSQUARED2.[57] The second Tommy Hilfiger and Gigi Hadid ready-to-wear collection was presented in February 2017 for the Spring season.[58] Hadid was the photographer of the Versus (Versace) Spring Summer 2017 campaign which featured singer Zayn Malik and model Adwoah Aboah.[59] She also photographed a special summer edition of V Magazine titled Gigi's Journal, which featured Polaroids of fashion industry colleagues, celebrities and close friends.[60]
Hadid was featured on four March 2017 Vogue covers: United States, Britain, China, and the inaugural Arabia edition.[61][62][63][64] She also appeared on the covers for the CR Fashion Book (Spring/Summer 2017), Jolie (April 2017) and The Daily (Spring 2017).[65][66][67] She featured on the May 2017 covers for the Netherlands editions of Vogue, Cosmopolitan and Glamour as well as the June/July 2017 cover of US Harper's Bazaar.[68][69] Hadid has starred in editorials for Vogue US (April 2017) and LOVE Magazine (Spring/Summer 2017).
Hadid scored her second American Vogue cover in August 2017, sharing the cover with her boyfriend at the time, Zayn Malik.[70] During Fall/Winter 2017 Fashion Month in New York, Milan and Paris, Hadid opened the shows for Jeremy Scott, Anna Sui, Versus (Versace), Alberta Ferretti, Missoni, H&M and Balmain; and closed the shows for Isabel Marant, Moschino, Max Mara and Anna Sui. She also released the first season of two new collaborations with Vogue Eyewear and Messika Jewelry.[68] At The Daily Front Row's third annual Fashion Los Angeles Awards, Hadid was honored for the Best Design Debut for her collection with Tommy Hilfiger.[71] She ended 2017 being named one of Glamour Magazine's Woman of the Year, alongside Nicole Kidman, Solange Knowles, Muzoon Almellehan and other.[72]
Hadid started 2018 with multiple high fashion campaigns, including Valentino, Moschino, Versace and Fendi. She also went on to release her second collaboration with both Vogue Eyewear and Messika Jewelry.[73] In February, during fashion week she presented the fourth and last season of her capsule collection with Tommy Hilfiger in Milan.
She appeared on many different international Vogue covers in 2018, including British Vogue in March,[74] Vogue Italia in May and Vogue Brazil in September.[75] She also scored multiple American covers including Harper's Bazaar May issue[76] and V Magazine Fall Preview Cover V114.[77] and W Magazine. She also covered LOVE Magazine (Fall/Winter 2018) 10th Anniversary,[78] Chaos 69, and Chaos True Originals - Disney Special.
She announced in May 2018, that she will be working closely with Unicef to help children around the world, on August 25 she went on her first mission with Unicef to visit their programing in Bangladesh. The trip fell on the eve of the one-year anniversary of the Rohingya refugee crisis.[79]
In November 2018, she announced her first collaboration with Reebok designing sneakers for the brand, starting with limited release on December 7 and the full collection to be released later in February 2019.[80] She also returned to Victoria's Secret Fashion Show for the third time in the same month.[81] In early 2019, she appeared on more international Vogue covers, including Vogue Czechoslovakia, Vogue Arabia, and Vogue Hong Kong[82] In late January 2019, Hadid was sued by the independent photo agency business Xclusive for sharing an October 2018 photo of herself without the photographer's permission. The company is seeking damages for copyright infringement, as well as any profits derived from the image. Hadid removed Xclusive's photo from her Instagram page shortly after sharing it, but the suit also alleges this isn't the only instance she has posted unlicensed images. In the documents, Hadid's Instagram account includes at least fifty examples of uncredited photographs of Hadid in public, at press events, or on the runway.[83] This isn't also the first time Hadid is being sued for posting photos of herself on her social media account. In 2017, photographer Peter Cepeda took a photo of her, which she later posted on Instagram without his permission. He filed a lawsuit against her the following September and it was later settled outside of court.[83]
Personal life
Hadid revealed in 2014 that she was diagnosed with Hashimoto's disease, and reiterated this in 2016.[84]
Media personality Vitalii Sediuk assaulted Hadid in 2016,[85][86] and she was commended on how she defended herself from him.[87][88] In January 2017, after Donald Trump's "Muslim ban", Hadid and her sister, Bella, protested among others in New York City.[89]
In 2017, Hadid attempted to travel to China to participate in the 2017 Victoria's Secret Fashion Show but ultimately could not after her visa was revoked for perceived "racism" towards Buddha.[90][91]
Hadid began dating English singer Zayn Malik in late 2015.[92] She appeared in Malik's music video for "Pillowtalk". They broke up in March 2018, then reconciled in June 2018.[93][94] They split up again in November 2018.
Over the span of four years, Hadid has made 35 appearances on international Vogue magazine covers.[4] She was signed to IMG Models in 2013. In November 2014, Hadid made her debut in the Top 50 Models ranking at Models.com.[5] In 2016, she was named International Model of the Year by the British Fashion Council.
Early life
Jelena Noura Hadid was born in Los Angeles[7] to real estate developer Mohamed Hadid and former model Yolanda Hadid (née Van den Herik). Her mother is Dutch, and her father is Palestinian.[8] Through her father she claims descent from Daher Al Omer, Prince of Nazareth and the Sheik of Galilee.[9][10] Hadid has two younger siblings, a sister, Bella, and a brother, Anwar, both of whom are also models. She has two older, paternal half-sisters, Marielle and Alana.[11][3] In 2013, Hadid graduated from Malibu High School, where she was captain of the varsity volleyball team as well as a competitive horseback rider.[12][13]
Following high school, she moved to New York City, to focus on her studies and her modeling career. Hadid studied criminal psychology at The New School beginning in the fall of 2013, but suspended her studies to focus on her modeling career.[14]
Career
1997–2012: Early work
Hadid's modeling career began when she was two years old[15] after being discovered by Paul Marciano, of Guess clothing. She started modeling with Baby Guess before stopping to concentrate on school. Hadid eventually returned to modeling, in 2011.[16] She resumed working with Marciano, and was named the face of a Guess campaign in 2012. Hadid has shot three campaigns with Guess as an adult.[13][17]
2013–2014: Breakthrough
After moving to New York City and signing to IMG Models in 2013, Hadid made her New York Fashion Week debut in February 2014 walking for Desigual's show.[18][19] In the same month she got her break in high fashion on the cover of CR Fashion Book magazine.[20] On July 15, 2014, she starred alongside actor and model Patrick Schwarzenegger in fashion designer Tom Ford's Eyewear autumn/winter campaign.[21] She co-hosted the Daily Front Row's Fashion Media Awards event that was held in New York City on September 5, 2014.[22] Hadid has also starred in campaigns for Tom Ford F/W 2014, Tom Ford Velvet Orchard Fragrance and Tom Ford Beauty 2014.[23][24]
She was on the cover of Galore magazine and Carine Roitfeld's CR Fashion Book in 2014.[25][26][27]
2015–2016: Model of the Year, first American Vogue cover
Hadid appeared in the 2015 Pirelli calendar.[28] In that same year Hadid, was also the brand ambassador for Australian fashion swimwear label, Seafolly. In January 2015, she was named the Daily Front Row's Model of the Year,[29] and a Maybelline brand ambassador.[30] In March 2015, Hadid and her boyfriend at the time Cody Simpson featured as a part of fashion photographer Mario Testino project called "Towel Series."[31] By May 2015, Hadid had walked for designers including: Marc Jacobs, Chanel, Michael Kors, Jean Paul Gaultier, and Max Mara.[32] Hadid appeared in the music video for Taylor Swift's song "Bad Blood", which was released in the same month. Hadid's sister, Bella, is also a model, and the two sisters have been featured together in some modeling appearances. In December 2015, she made her first appearance in the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show.[33]
Hadid has appeared on magazine covers including Vogue (United States, Paris, Italy, Britain, Japan, Spain, Australia, Brazil, the Netherlands, Germany, Italy, China), Schön!,[34] Numéro, Allure, W Magazine and Teen Vogue as well as WSJ Magazine, Elle Canada, Dazed and Harper's Bazaar (USA, Malaysia).[35][36][37] Hadid has also shot editorials for VMAN, Elle, Grazia, Cleo, Vogue, Sports Illustrated, Paper magazine, Vanity Fair and V Magazine. Hadid has also starred in campaigns for Guess, Versace, Penshoppe, Balmain F/W 2015, Topshop, Max Mara, and Stuart Weitzman.[38][39][40]
In 2016, she walked for: Versace, Chanel, Elie Saab, Fendi, Marc Jacobs, Anna Sui, Miu Miu, Balmain, Diane Von Furstenberg, Tommy Hilfiger, Fenty x Puma, Isabel Marant, and Giambattista Valli.[41][42][43][44] In January 2016, she became the global brand ambassador for Tommy Hilfiger, fronting campaigns for underwear, apparel and fragrances.[45] In April 2016, Hadid starred in an interactive campaign including a commercial for the BMW M2.[46] She hosted the 2016 iHeartRadio Much Music Video Awards in Toronto on June 19, 2016.[47] She co-designed a capsule collection with Tommy Hilfiger called Gigi by Tommy Hilfiger which was released in the fall of 2016 at New York Fashion Week.[48] During fall 2016 Fashion Weeks in New York, Milan and Paris, Hadid opened five shows and closed seven.[49] In October her boot collection for Stuart Weitzman titled the Gigi Boot was revealed,[50] and it was announced that Hadid had become a brand ambassador for Reebok, fronting the #PerfectNever campaign.[51]
On November 20, 2016, Hadid hosted the American Music Awards. alongside Saturday Night Live alum Jay Pharoah.[52] She received backlash for an impression of Melania Trump during the show, and later apologized.[53] In December 2016, she made her second appearance in the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show, earning her wings for the first time,[54] and in the same month she won the award for International Model of the Year at the British Fashion Awards, presented to her by Donatella Versace.[6]
2017–present
Hadid started off the Spring/Summer campaign season – starring in Fendi and Moschino campaigns.[55] she also was the face of the S/S 2017 campaign for Max Mara accessories, Stuart Weitzman[56] and DSQUARED2.[57] The second Tommy Hilfiger and Gigi Hadid ready-to-wear collection was presented in February 2017 for the Spring season.[58] Hadid was the photographer of the Versus (Versace) Spring Summer 2017 campaign which featured singer Zayn Malik and model Adwoah Aboah.[59] She also photographed a special summer edition of V Magazine titled Gigi's Journal, which featured Polaroids of fashion industry colleagues, celebrities and close friends.[60]
Hadid was featured on four March 2017 Vogue covers: United States, Britain, China, and the inaugural Arabia edition.[61][62][63][64] She also appeared on the covers for the CR Fashion Book (Spring/Summer 2017), Jolie (April 2017) and The Daily (Spring 2017).[65][66][67] She featured on the May 2017 covers for the Netherlands editions of Vogue, Cosmopolitan and Glamour as well as the June/July 2017 cover of US Harper's Bazaar.[68][69] Hadid has starred in editorials for Vogue US (April 2017) and LOVE Magazine (Spring/Summer 2017).
Hadid scored her second American Vogue cover in August 2017, sharing the cover with her boyfriend at the time, Zayn Malik.[70] During Fall/Winter 2017 Fashion Month in New York, Milan and Paris, Hadid opened the shows for Jeremy Scott, Anna Sui, Versus (Versace), Alberta Ferretti, Missoni, H&M and Balmain; and closed the shows for Isabel Marant, Moschino, Max Mara and Anna Sui. She also released the first season of two new collaborations with Vogue Eyewear and Messika Jewelry.[68] At The Daily Front Row's third annual Fashion Los Angeles Awards, Hadid was honored for the Best Design Debut for her collection with Tommy Hilfiger.[71] She ended 2017 being named one of Glamour Magazine's Woman of the Year, alongside Nicole Kidman, Solange Knowles, Muzoon Almellehan and other.[72]
Hadid started 2018 with multiple high fashion campaigns, including Valentino, Moschino, Versace and Fendi. She also went on to release her second collaboration with both Vogue Eyewear and Messika Jewelry.[73] In February, during fashion week she presented the fourth and last season of her capsule collection with Tommy Hilfiger in Milan.
She appeared on many different international Vogue covers in 2018, including British Vogue in March,[74] Vogue Italia in May and Vogue Brazil in September.[75] She also scored multiple American covers including Harper's Bazaar May issue[76] and V Magazine Fall Preview Cover V114.[77] and W Magazine. She also covered LOVE Magazine (Fall/Winter 2018) 10th Anniversary,[78] Chaos 69, and Chaos True Originals - Disney Special.
She announced in May 2018, that she will be working closely with Unicef to help children around the world, on August 25 she went on her first mission with Unicef to visit their programing in Bangladesh. The trip fell on the eve of the one-year anniversary of the Rohingya refugee crisis.[79]
In November 2018, she announced her first collaboration with Reebok designing sneakers for the brand, starting with limited release on December 7 and the full collection to be released later in February 2019.[80] She also returned to Victoria's Secret Fashion Show for the third time in the same month.[81] In early 2019, she appeared on more international Vogue covers, including Vogue Czechoslovakia, Vogue Arabia, and Vogue Hong Kong[82] In late January 2019, Hadid was sued by the independent photo agency business Xclusive for sharing an October 2018 photo of herself without the photographer's permission. The company is seeking damages for copyright infringement, as well as any profits derived from the image. Hadid removed Xclusive's photo from her Instagram page shortly after sharing it, but the suit also alleges this isn't the only instance she has posted unlicensed images. In the documents, Hadid's Instagram account includes at least fifty examples of uncredited photographs of Hadid in public, at press events, or on the runway.[83] This isn't also the first time Hadid is being sued for posting photos of herself on her social media account. In 2017, photographer Peter Cepeda took a photo of her, which she later posted on Instagram without his permission. He filed a lawsuit against her the following September and it was later settled outside of court.[83]
Personal life
Hadid revealed in 2014 that she was diagnosed with Hashimoto's disease, and reiterated this in 2016.[84]
Media personality Vitalii Sediuk assaulted Hadid in 2016,[85][86] and she was commended on how she defended herself from him.[87][88] In January 2017, after Donald Trump's "Muslim ban", Hadid and her sister, Bella, protested among others in New York City.[89]
In 2017, Hadid attempted to travel to China to participate in the 2017 Victoria's Secret Fashion Show but ultimately could not after her visa was revoked for perceived "racism" towards Buddha.[90][91]
Hadid began dating English singer Zayn Malik in late 2015.[92] She appeared in Malik's music video for "Pillowtalk". They broke up in March 2018, then reconciled in June 2018.[93][94] They split up again in November 2018.
Prince Harry
Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex,[fn 2] KCVO ADC (born Henry Charles Albert David;[fn 1] 15 September 1984)[1] is a member of the British royal family. He is the younger son of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Diana, Princess of Wales, and is sixth in the line of succession to the British throne.
Harry was educated at Wetherby Preparatory School, Ludgrove School and Eton College. He spent parts of his gap year in Australia and Lesotho. He then underwent officer training at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. He was commissioned as a cornet (i.e. second lieutenant) into the Blues and Royals, serving temporarily with his brother, Prince William, and completed his training as a troop leader. In 2007–08, he served for over ten weeks in Helmand, Afghanistan, but was pulled out after an Australian magazine revealed his presence there. He returned to Afghanistan for a 20-week deployment in 2012–13 with the Army Air Corps. He left the army in June 2015.
Harry launched the Invictus Games in 2014 and remains patron of its foundation. He also gives patronage to several other organisations, including the HALO Trust, the London Marathon Charitable Trust, and Walking With The Wounded.[2] On 19 May 2018, he married the American actress Meghan Markle. Hours before the wedding, his grandmother Queen Elizabeth II conferred on him the titles Duke of Sussex, Earl of Dumbarton and Baron Kilkeel, all in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. The couple's son, Archie Mountbatten-Windsor, was born on 6 May 2019.
Early life
Harry was born in the Lindo Wing of St Mary's Hospital in Paddington, London, on 15 September 1984 at 4:20 pm as the second child of Charles, Prince of Wales—heir apparent to Queen Elizabeth II—and Diana, Princess of Wales.[3][4][fn 3] He was baptised with the names Henry Charles Albert David, on 21 December 1984, at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Robert Runcie.[fn 4]
His parents announced their second son's name would officially be Prince Henry Charles Albert David, but that he would be known as Harry to his family and friends. As the prince grew up, he was referred to by Kensington Palace, and therefore the Press and the public at large, as Prince Harry.[10] As a son of the Prince of Wales, he was called Prince Henry of Wales. Diana wanted Harry and his older brother, Prince William, to have a broader range of experiences than previous royal children. She took them to venues that ranged from Disney World and McDonald's to AIDS clinics and homeless shelters.[11] Harry began accompanying his parents on official visits at an early age; his first overseas tour was with his parents to Italy in 1985.[12]
Harry's parents divorced in 1996. His mother died in a car crash in Paris the following year. Harry and William were staying with their father at Balmoral at the time, and the Prince of Wales told his sons about their mother's death.[13] At his mother's funeral, Harry, then 12, accompanied his father, brother, paternal grandfather, and maternal uncle, Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer, in walking behind the funeral cortège from Kensington Palace to Westminster Abbey.[14] In a 2017 interview with The Daily Telegraph, the prince acknowledged that he sought counselling after two years of "total chaos" while struggling to come to terms with the death of his mother.[15]
Education
Like his father and brother, Harry was educated at independent schools. He started at London's Jane Mynors' nursery school and the pre-preparatory Wetherby School.[16] Following this, he attended Ludgrove School in Berkshire. After passing the entrance exams, he was admitted to Eton College. The decision to place Harry at Eton went against the past practice of the Mountbatten-Windsors to send children to Gordonstoun, which Harry's grandfather, father, two uncles, and two cousins had attended. It did, however, see Harry follow in the Spencer family footsteps, as both Diana's father and brother attended Eton.[11]
In June 2003, Harry completed his education at Eton with two A-Levels,[17] achieving a grade B in art and D in geography, having decided to drop history of art after AS level.[18] He excelled in sports, particularly polo and rugby union.[19] One of Harry's former teachers, Sarah Forsyth, has asserted that Harry was a "weak student" and that staff at Eton conspired to help him cheat on examinations.[20][21] Both Eton and Harry denied the claims.[20][22] While a tribunal made no ruling on the cheating claim, it "accepted the prince had received help in preparing his A-level 'expressive' project, which he needed to pass to secure his place at Sandhurst."[20][23]
After school, Harry took a gap year, during which he spent time in Australia working (as his father had done in his youth) on a cattle station, and participating in the Young England vs Young Australia Polo Test match.[24] He also travelled to Lesotho, where he worked with orphaned children and produced the documentary film The Forgotten Kingdom.[11]
Military career
Sandhurst; Blues and Royals; deployment to Afghanistan
Harry entered the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst on 8 May 2005, where he was known as Officer Cadet Wales, and joined the Alamein Company.[25] In April 2006, Harry completed his officer training and was commissioned as a Cornet (second lieutenant) in the Blues and Royals, a regiment of the Household Cavalry in the British Army. On 13 April 2008, when he reached two years' seniority, Harry was promoted to lieutenant.[26]
In 2006, it was announced that Harry's unit was scheduled to be deployed in Iraq the following year. A public debate ensued as to whether he should serve there. Defence Secretary John Reid said that he should be allowed to serve on the front line of battle zones. Harry agreed saying, "If they said 'no, you can't go front line' then I wouldn't drag my sorry ass through Sandhurst and I wouldn't be where I am now."[27] The Ministry of Defence and Clarence House made a joint announcement on 22 February 2007 that Harry would be deployed with his regiment to Iraq, as part of the 1st Mechanised Brigade of the 3rd Mechanised Division – a move supported by Harry, who had stated that he would leave the army if he was told to remain in safety while his regiment went to war.[28] He said: "There's no way I'm going to put myself through Sandhurst and then sit on my arse back home while my boys are out fighting for their country."[29]
The head of the British army at the time, General Sir Richard Dannatt, said on 30 April 2007 that he had personally decided that Harry would serve with his unit in Iraq,[30] and Harry was scheduled for deployment in May or June 2007, to patrol the Maysan Governorate.[31] By 16 May, however, Dannatt announced that Harry would not serve in Iraq;[32] concerns included Harry being a high-value target (as several threats by various groups had already been made against him) and the dangers the soldiers around him would face should any attempt be made on his life or if he was captured. Clarence House made public Harry's disappointment with the decision, though he said he would abide by it.[33]
In early June 2007, it was reported that Harry had arrived in Canada to train alongside soldiers of the Canadian Forces and British Army, at CFB Suffield, near Medicine Hat, Alberta. It was said that this was in preparation for a tour of duty in Afghanistan, where Canadian and British forces were participating in the NATO-led Afghan War.[34]
This was confirmed in February of the following year, when the British Ministry of Defence revealed that Harry had been secretly deployed as a Forward Air Controller to Helmand Province in Afghanistan for the previous ten weeks.[35][36] The revelation came after the media – notably, German newspaper Bild and Australian magazine New Idea[37][38] – breached the blackout placed over the information by the Canadian and British authorities.[39] It was later reported that Harry helped Gurkha troops repel an attack from Taliban insurgents,[40] and performed patrol duty in hostile areas while in Afghanistan.[41][42][43]
His tour made Harry the first member of the Royal Family to serve in a war zone since his uncle, Prince Andrew, flew helicopters during the Falklands War. For his service, his aunt, Princess Anne, presented Harry with an Operational Service Medal for Afghanistan at the Combermere Barracks in May 2008.[44]
Army Air Corps and second deployment to Afghanistan
In October 2008, it was announced that Harry was to follow his brother, father and uncle in learning to fly military helicopters. After passing the initial aptitude test, he was to undertake a month-long course; if he passed that, he would begin full flight training in early 2009.[45]
Harry had to pass his flying assessment at the Army Air Corps Base (AAC), Middle Wallop, the result of which would determine whether he would continue on to train as a pilot of the Apache, Lynx, or Gazelle helicopter.[46] Having reached the requisite standard, Harry attended the Defence Helicopter Flying School at RAF Shawbury, where he joined his brothe
Prince Charles presented him with his flying brevet (wings) on 7 May 2010 at a ceremony at the Army Air Corps Base (AAC), Middle Wallop. Harry had let it be known he intended to fly Apache attack helicopters if he was successful in passing the rigorous Apache training course. This would allow him to see active military service again on the frontline in Afghanistan.[48]
On 10 March 2011, it was revealed that Harry had passed his Apache flying test and he was awarded his Apache Flying Badge on 14 April 2011.[49] There was speculation he would return to Afghanistan before the withdrawal in 2015. On 16 April 2011, it was announced that Harry had been promoted to captain.[50]
In June 2011, Clarence House announced that on completion of his training conversion course to use Apache helicopters in the war arena, Harry would be available for deployment, including in current operations in Afghanistan, as an Apache helicopter pilot. The final decision rested with the Ministry of Defence's senior commanders, including principally the Chief of the Defence Staff in consultation with the wishes of Harry, the Prince of Wales, and the Queen.[51] In October, he was transferred to a US military base in California to complete his helicopter gunship training.[52] This final phase included live-fire training and "environmental and judgment training" at naval and air force facilities in California and Arizona. Most of those completing the two-month Apache training were deployed to the front lines in Afghanistan.[53] In the same month, it was reported that Harry was said to be a natural pilot who was top of his class in the extensive training he had undertaken at the Naval Air Facility, El Centro, California;[54] while training in Southern California, he spent time in San Diego.[55] In November 2011, Harry returned to England. He went to Wattisham Airfield in Suffolk, in the east of England, to complete his training to fly Apache helicopters.[56]
On 7 September 2012, Harry arrived at Camp Bastion in southern Afghanistan as part of the 100-strong 662 Squadron, 3 Regiment, Army Air Corps,[57] to begin a four-month combat tour as a co-pilot and gunner for an Apache helicopter.[58] On 10 September, within days of arriving in Afghanistan, it was reported that the Taliban had threatened his life. Taliban spokesman Zabiullah Mujahid spoke to Reuters and was quoted as saying: "We are using all our strength to get rid of him, either by killing or kidnapping." He added, "We have informed our commanders in Helmand to do whatever they can to eliminate him."[59]
On 21 January 2013, it was announced that Harry was returning from a 20-week deployment in Afghanistan,[60] where he served as an Apache co-pilot/gunner. On 8 July 2013, the Ministry of Defence announced that Harry had successfully qualified as an Apache aircraft commander.[61] Harry compared operating the Apache's weapons systems in Afghanistan to playing video games.[62][63]
HQ London District and Invictus Games
On 17 January 2014, the Ministry of Defence announced that Harry had completed his attachment to 3 Regiment Army Air Corps, and would take up a staff officer role, SO3 (Defence Engagement), in HQ London District. His responsibilities would include helping to co-ordinate significant projects and commemorative events involving the Army in London. He was based at Horse Guards in central London.[64]
On 6 March 2014, Harry launched Invictus Games, a Paralympic-style sporting event for injured servicemen and women, which was held on 10–14 September 2014.[65] Harry met British hopefuls for the Invictus Games at Tedworth House in Wiltshire for the start of the selection process on 29 April 2014.[66] On 15 May 2014, Harry attended a ticket sale launch for Invictus Games at BT Tower, from where he tweeted on the Invictus Games' official Twitter account as the president of the Games.[67] To promote the Games, he was interviewed by BBC Radio 2's Chris Evans along with two Invictus Games hopefuls. He said: "This (Invictus Games) is basically my full-time job at the moment, making sure that we pull this off." The show aired on 31 July 2014.[68] Harry later wrote an article in The Sunday Times about his experiences in Afghanistan: how they had inspired him to help injured personnel and how, after the trip to the Warrior Games, he had vowed to create the Invictus Games.[69] Harry and officials attended the British Armed Forces Team announcement for Invictus Games at Potters Field Park in August 2014.[70][71] As president of the Invictus Games, he attended all events related to the Games from 8 to 14 September 2014.[72]
In January 2015, it was reported that Harry would take a new role in supporting wounded service personnel by working alongside members of the London District's Personal Recovery Unit for the MOD's Defence Recovery Capability scheme to ensure that wounded personnel have adequate recovery plans. The palace confirmed weeks later[73] that the scheme was established in partnership with Help for Heroes and the Royal British Legion.[74]
In late January 2015, Harry visited The Battle Back Centre[75] set up by the Royal British Legion, and Fisher House UK at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham. A partnership between Help for Heroes, the Fisher House Foundation and the Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham (QEHB) Charity created the Centre.[76] Fisher House Foundation is one of the Invictus Games' sponsors.[77]
In February and March 2015, Harry visited Phoenix House in Catterick Garrison, North Yorkshire, a recovery centre run by Help for Heroes. He also visited Merville Barracks in Colchester, where Chavasse VC House Personnel Recovery Centre is located, run by Help for Heroes in partnership with the Ministry of Defence and Royal British Legion.[78]
Secondment to Australian Defence Force and end of active service
On 17 March 2015, Kensington Palace announced that Harry would leave the Armed Forces in June.[79] Before then, he would spend four weeks throughout April and May at army barracks in Darwin, Perth and Sydney whilst seconded to the Australian Defence Force (ADF). After leaving the Army, while considering his future, he would return to work in a voluntary capacity with the Ministry of Defence, supporting Case Officers in the Ministry's Recovery Capability Programme. He would be working with both those who administer and receive physical and mental care within the London District area.[80][81]
On 6 April 2015, Harry reported for duty to Australia's Chief of the Defence Force, Air Chief Marshal Mark Binskin at the Royal Military College, Duntroon in Canberra, Australia.[82] Harry flew to Darwin later that day to begin his month-long secondment to the ADF's 1st Brigade. His visit included detachments to NORFORCE as well as to an aviation unit.[83] While in Perth, he trained with Special Air Service Regiment (SASR), participating in the SASR selection course, including a fitness test and a physical training session with SASR selection candidates. He also joined SASR members in Perth for live-fire shooting exercises with numerous Special Forces weapons at a variety of ranges. Harry completed an insertion training exercise using a rigid-hull inflatable boat. In Sydney, he undertook urban operations training with the 2nd Commando Regiment. Training activities included remotely detonating an Improvised Explosive Device (IED) and rappelling from a building. He also spent time flying over Sydney as co-pilot of an Army Black Hawk helicopter and participated in counter-terrorism training in Sydney Harbour with Royal Australian Navy clearance divers.[84]
Harry's attachment with the ADF ended on 8 May 2015,[85] and on 19 June 2015 he resigned his short service commission.[86][87]
Post-active service
Since leaving active service with the army, Harry has been closely involved with the armed forces through the Invictus Games, honorary military appointments and other official engagements. On 19 December 2017 he succeeded his grandfather Prince Philip as the Captain General of the Royal Marines.[88] In May 2018, he was promoted to the substantive ranks of Lieutenant Commander of the Royal Navy, Major of the British Army and Squadron Leader of the Royal Air Force.[89]
Activities
Public role and appearances
On 6 January 2009, the Queen granted Harry and William their own royal household. Previously, William and Harry's affairs had been handled by their father's office at Clarence House in central London. The new household released a statement announcing they had established their own office at nearby St James's Palace to look after their public, military and charitable activities.[90]
In March 2012, Harry led an official visit to Belize as part of the Queen's Diamond Jubilee celebrations.[91] He continued to the Bahamas and Jamaica, where the Prime Minister, Portia Simpson-Miller, was considering severing ties between Jamaica and the constitutional monarchy.[92] He then visited Brazil to attend the GREAT Campaign
Harry was educated at Wetherby Preparatory School, Ludgrove School and Eton College. He spent parts of his gap year in Australia and Lesotho. He then underwent officer training at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. He was commissioned as a cornet (i.e. second lieutenant) into the Blues and Royals, serving temporarily with his brother, Prince William, and completed his training as a troop leader. In 2007–08, he served for over ten weeks in Helmand, Afghanistan, but was pulled out after an Australian magazine revealed his presence there. He returned to Afghanistan for a 20-week deployment in 2012–13 with the Army Air Corps. He left the army in June 2015.
Harry launched the Invictus Games in 2014 and remains patron of its foundation. He also gives patronage to several other organisations, including the HALO Trust, the London Marathon Charitable Trust, and Walking With The Wounded.[2] On 19 May 2018, he married the American actress Meghan Markle. Hours before the wedding, his grandmother Queen Elizabeth II conferred on him the titles Duke of Sussex, Earl of Dumbarton and Baron Kilkeel, all in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. The couple's son, Archie Mountbatten-Windsor, was born on 6 May 2019.
Early life
Harry was born in the Lindo Wing of St Mary's Hospital in Paddington, London, on 15 September 1984 at 4:20 pm as the second child of Charles, Prince of Wales—heir apparent to Queen Elizabeth II—and Diana, Princess of Wales.[3][4][fn 3] He was baptised with the names Henry Charles Albert David, on 21 December 1984, at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Robert Runcie.[fn 4]
His parents announced their second son's name would officially be Prince Henry Charles Albert David, but that he would be known as Harry to his family and friends. As the prince grew up, he was referred to by Kensington Palace, and therefore the Press and the public at large, as Prince Harry.[10] As a son of the Prince of Wales, he was called Prince Henry of Wales. Diana wanted Harry and his older brother, Prince William, to have a broader range of experiences than previous royal children. She took them to venues that ranged from Disney World and McDonald's to AIDS clinics and homeless shelters.[11] Harry began accompanying his parents on official visits at an early age; his first overseas tour was with his parents to Italy in 1985.[12]
Harry's parents divorced in 1996. His mother died in a car crash in Paris the following year. Harry and William were staying with their father at Balmoral at the time, and the Prince of Wales told his sons about their mother's death.[13] At his mother's funeral, Harry, then 12, accompanied his father, brother, paternal grandfather, and maternal uncle, Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer, in walking behind the funeral cortège from Kensington Palace to Westminster Abbey.[14] In a 2017 interview with The Daily Telegraph, the prince acknowledged that he sought counselling after two years of "total chaos" while struggling to come to terms with the death of his mother.[15]
Education
Like his father and brother, Harry was educated at independent schools. He started at London's Jane Mynors' nursery school and the pre-preparatory Wetherby School.[16] Following this, he attended Ludgrove School in Berkshire. After passing the entrance exams, he was admitted to Eton College. The decision to place Harry at Eton went against the past practice of the Mountbatten-Windsors to send children to Gordonstoun, which Harry's grandfather, father, two uncles, and two cousins had attended. It did, however, see Harry follow in the Spencer family footsteps, as both Diana's father and brother attended Eton.[11]
In June 2003, Harry completed his education at Eton with two A-Levels,[17] achieving a grade B in art and D in geography, having decided to drop history of art after AS level.[18] He excelled in sports, particularly polo and rugby union.[19] One of Harry's former teachers, Sarah Forsyth, has asserted that Harry was a "weak student" and that staff at Eton conspired to help him cheat on examinations.[20][21] Both Eton and Harry denied the claims.[20][22] While a tribunal made no ruling on the cheating claim, it "accepted the prince had received help in preparing his A-level 'expressive' project, which he needed to pass to secure his place at Sandhurst."[20][23]
After school, Harry took a gap year, during which he spent time in Australia working (as his father had done in his youth) on a cattle station, and participating in the Young England vs Young Australia Polo Test match.[24] He also travelled to Lesotho, where he worked with orphaned children and produced the documentary film The Forgotten Kingdom.[11]
Military career
Sandhurst; Blues and Royals; deployment to Afghanistan
Harry entered the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst on 8 May 2005, where he was known as Officer Cadet Wales, and joined the Alamein Company.[25] In April 2006, Harry completed his officer training and was commissioned as a Cornet (second lieutenant) in the Blues and Royals, a regiment of the Household Cavalry in the British Army. On 13 April 2008, when he reached two years' seniority, Harry was promoted to lieutenant.[26]
In 2006, it was announced that Harry's unit was scheduled to be deployed in Iraq the following year. A public debate ensued as to whether he should serve there. Defence Secretary John Reid said that he should be allowed to serve on the front line of battle zones. Harry agreed saying, "If they said 'no, you can't go front line' then I wouldn't drag my sorry ass through Sandhurst and I wouldn't be where I am now."[27] The Ministry of Defence and Clarence House made a joint announcement on 22 February 2007 that Harry would be deployed with his regiment to Iraq, as part of the 1st Mechanised Brigade of the 3rd Mechanised Division – a move supported by Harry, who had stated that he would leave the army if he was told to remain in safety while his regiment went to war.[28] He said: "There's no way I'm going to put myself through Sandhurst and then sit on my arse back home while my boys are out fighting for their country."[29]
The head of the British army at the time, General Sir Richard Dannatt, said on 30 April 2007 that he had personally decided that Harry would serve with his unit in Iraq,[30] and Harry was scheduled for deployment in May or June 2007, to patrol the Maysan Governorate.[31] By 16 May, however, Dannatt announced that Harry would not serve in Iraq;[32] concerns included Harry being a high-value target (as several threats by various groups had already been made against him) and the dangers the soldiers around him would face should any attempt be made on his life or if he was captured. Clarence House made public Harry's disappointment with the decision, though he said he would abide by it.[33]
In early June 2007, it was reported that Harry had arrived in Canada to train alongside soldiers of the Canadian Forces and British Army, at CFB Suffield, near Medicine Hat, Alberta. It was said that this was in preparation for a tour of duty in Afghanistan, where Canadian and British forces were participating in the NATO-led Afghan War.[34]
This was confirmed in February of the following year, when the British Ministry of Defence revealed that Harry had been secretly deployed as a Forward Air Controller to Helmand Province in Afghanistan for the previous ten weeks.[35][36] The revelation came after the media – notably, German newspaper Bild and Australian magazine New Idea[37][38] – breached the blackout placed over the information by the Canadian and British authorities.[39] It was later reported that Harry helped Gurkha troops repel an attack from Taliban insurgents,[40] and performed patrol duty in hostile areas while in Afghanistan.[41][42][43]
His tour made Harry the first member of the Royal Family to serve in a war zone since his uncle, Prince Andrew, flew helicopters during the Falklands War. For his service, his aunt, Princess Anne, presented Harry with an Operational Service Medal for Afghanistan at the Combermere Barracks in May 2008.[44]
Army Air Corps and second deployment to Afghanistan
In October 2008, it was announced that Harry was to follow his brother, father and uncle in learning to fly military helicopters. After passing the initial aptitude test, he was to undertake a month-long course; if he passed that, he would begin full flight training in early 2009.[45]
Harry had to pass his flying assessment at the Army Air Corps Base (AAC), Middle Wallop, the result of which would determine whether he would continue on to train as a pilot of the Apache, Lynx, or Gazelle helicopter.[46] Having reached the requisite standard, Harry attended the Defence Helicopter Flying School at RAF Shawbury, where he joined his brothe
Prince Charles presented him with his flying brevet (wings) on 7 May 2010 at a ceremony at the Army Air Corps Base (AAC), Middle Wallop. Harry had let it be known he intended to fly Apache attack helicopters if he was successful in passing the rigorous Apache training course. This would allow him to see active military service again on the frontline in Afghanistan.[48]
On 10 March 2011, it was revealed that Harry had passed his Apache flying test and he was awarded his Apache Flying Badge on 14 April 2011.[49] There was speculation he would return to Afghanistan before the withdrawal in 2015. On 16 April 2011, it was announced that Harry had been promoted to captain.[50]
In June 2011, Clarence House announced that on completion of his training conversion course to use Apache helicopters in the war arena, Harry would be available for deployment, including in current operations in Afghanistan, as an Apache helicopter pilot. The final decision rested with the Ministry of Defence's senior commanders, including principally the Chief of the Defence Staff in consultation with the wishes of Harry, the Prince of Wales, and the Queen.[51] In October, he was transferred to a US military base in California to complete his helicopter gunship training.[52] This final phase included live-fire training and "environmental and judgment training" at naval and air force facilities in California and Arizona. Most of those completing the two-month Apache training were deployed to the front lines in Afghanistan.[53] In the same month, it was reported that Harry was said to be a natural pilot who was top of his class in the extensive training he had undertaken at the Naval Air Facility, El Centro, California;[54] while training in Southern California, he spent time in San Diego.[55] In November 2011, Harry returned to England. He went to Wattisham Airfield in Suffolk, in the east of England, to complete his training to fly Apache helicopters.[56]
On 7 September 2012, Harry arrived at Camp Bastion in southern Afghanistan as part of the 100-strong 662 Squadron, 3 Regiment, Army Air Corps,[57] to begin a four-month combat tour as a co-pilot and gunner for an Apache helicopter.[58] On 10 September, within days of arriving in Afghanistan, it was reported that the Taliban had threatened his life. Taliban spokesman Zabiullah Mujahid spoke to Reuters and was quoted as saying: "We are using all our strength to get rid of him, either by killing or kidnapping." He added, "We have informed our commanders in Helmand to do whatever they can to eliminate him."[59]
On 21 January 2013, it was announced that Harry was returning from a 20-week deployment in Afghanistan,[60] where he served as an Apache co-pilot/gunner. On 8 July 2013, the Ministry of Defence announced that Harry had successfully qualified as an Apache aircraft commander.[61] Harry compared operating the Apache's weapons systems in Afghanistan to playing video games.[62][63]
HQ London District and Invictus Games
On 17 January 2014, the Ministry of Defence announced that Harry had completed his attachment to 3 Regiment Army Air Corps, and would take up a staff officer role, SO3 (Defence Engagement), in HQ London District. His responsibilities would include helping to co-ordinate significant projects and commemorative events involving the Army in London. He was based at Horse Guards in central London.[64]
On 6 March 2014, Harry launched Invictus Games, a Paralympic-style sporting event for injured servicemen and women, which was held on 10–14 September 2014.[65] Harry met British hopefuls for the Invictus Games at Tedworth House in Wiltshire for the start of the selection process on 29 April 2014.[66] On 15 May 2014, Harry attended a ticket sale launch for Invictus Games at BT Tower, from where he tweeted on the Invictus Games' official Twitter account as the president of the Games.[67] To promote the Games, he was interviewed by BBC Radio 2's Chris Evans along with two Invictus Games hopefuls. He said: "This (Invictus Games) is basically my full-time job at the moment, making sure that we pull this off." The show aired on 31 July 2014.[68] Harry later wrote an article in The Sunday Times about his experiences in Afghanistan: how they had inspired him to help injured personnel and how, after the trip to the Warrior Games, he had vowed to create the Invictus Games.[69] Harry and officials attended the British Armed Forces Team announcement for Invictus Games at Potters Field Park in August 2014.[70][71] As president of the Invictus Games, he attended all events related to the Games from 8 to 14 September 2014.[72]
In January 2015, it was reported that Harry would take a new role in supporting wounded service personnel by working alongside members of the London District's Personal Recovery Unit for the MOD's Defence Recovery Capability scheme to ensure that wounded personnel have adequate recovery plans. The palace confirmed weeks later[73] that the scheme was established in partnership with Help for Heroes and the Royal British Legion.[74]
In late January 2015, Harry visited The Battle Back Centre[75] set up by the Royal British Legion, and Fisher House UK at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham. A partnership between Help for Heroes, the Fisher House Foundation and the Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham (QEHB) Charity created the Centre.[76] Fisher House Foundation is one of the Invictus Games' sponsors.[77]
In February and March 2015, Harry visited Phoenix House in Catterick Garrison, North Yorkshire, a recovery centre run by Help for Heroes. He also visited Merville Barracks in Colchester, where Chavasse VC House Personnel Recovery Centre is located, run by Help for Heroes in partnership with the Ministry of Defence and Royal British Legion.[78]
Secondment to Australian Defence Force and end of active service
On 17 March 2015, Kensington Palace announced that Harry would leave the Armed Forces in June.[79] Before then, he would spend four weeks throughout April and May at army barracks in Darwin, Perth and Sydney whilst seconded to the Australian Defence Force (ADF). After leaving the Army, while considering his future, he would return to work in a voluntary capacity with the Ministry of Defence, supporting Case Officers in the Ministry's Recovery Capability Programme. He would be working with both those who administer and receive physical and mental care within the London District area.[80][81]
On 6 April 2015, Harry reported for duty to Australia's Chief of the Defence Force, Air Chief Marshal Mark Binskin at the Royal Military College, Duntroon in Canberra, Australia.[82] Harry flew to Darwin later that day to begin his month-long secondment to the ADF's 1st Brigade. His visit included detachments to NORFORCE as well as to an aviation unit.[83] While in Perth, he trained with Special Air Service Regiment (SASR), participating in the SASR selection course, including a fitness test and a physical training session with SASR selection candidates. He also joined SASR members in Perth for live-fire shooting exercises with numerous Special Forces weapons at a variety of ranges. Harry completed an insertion training exercise using a rigid-hull inflatable boat. In Sydney, he undertook urban operations training with the 2nd Commando Regiment. Training activities included remotely detonating an Improvised Explosive Device (IED) and rappelling from a building. He also spent time flying over Sydney as co-pilot of an Army Black Hawk helicopter and participated in counter-terrorism training in Sydney Harbour with Royal Australian Navy clearance divers.[84]
Harry's attachment with the ADF ended on 8 May 2015,[85] and on 19 June 2015 he resigned his short service commission.[86][87]
Post-active service
Since leaving active service with the army, Harry has been closely involved with the armed forces through the Invictus Games, honorary military appointments and other official engagements. On 19 December 2017 he succeeded his grandfather Prince Philip as the Captain General of the Royal Marines.[88] In May 2018, he was promoted to the substantive ranks of Lieutenant Commander of the Royal Navy, Major of the British Army and Squadron Leader of the Royal Air Force.[89]
Activities
Public role and appearances
On 6 January 2009, the Queen granted Harry and William their own royal household. Previously, William and Harry's affairs had been handled by their father's office at Clarence House in central London. The new household released a statement announcing they had established their own office at nearby St James's Palace to look after their public, military and charitable activities.[90]
In March 2012, Harry led an official visit to Belize as part of the Queen's Diamond Jubilee celebrations.[91] He continued to the Bahamas and Jamaica, where the Prime Minister, Portia Simpson-Miller, was considering severing ties between Jamaica and the constitutional monarchy.[92] He then visited Brazil to attend the GREAT Campaign
وليام رامزي
وليام رامزي (William Ramsay) هو كيميائي بريطاني اكتشف الهيليوم سنة 1895. ولد في 2 أكتوبر 1852 في غلاسكو وتوفي في 23 يوليو 1916.
درس في جامعة غلاسكو تحت إشراف توماس اندرسون. انتقل بعد ذلك إلى ألمانيا ودرس في جامعة توبنجن التي تحصل فيها على شهادة الدكتوراة. عاد بعد ذلك إلى اسكتلندا حيث عمل في معهد اندرسون كمساعد لتوماس اندرسون. عين سنة 1879 بوفسورا في جامعة بريستول. في سنة 1881 أصبح مديرا للجامعة.
قام بالاشتراك مع العالم موريس ترافرز باكتشاف عناصر الأرغون والنيون والكريبتون والزينون. نال جائزة نوبل في الكيمياء لبحوثه في انبعاث الراديوم سنة 1904.
درس في جامعة غلاسكو تحت إشراف توماس اندرسون. انتقل بعد ذلك إلى ألمانيا ودرس في جامعة توبنجن التي تحصل فيها على شهادة الدكتوراة. عاد بعد ذلك إلى اسكتلندا حيث عمل في معهد اندرسون كمساعد لتوماس اندرسون. عين سنة 1879 بوفسورا في جامعة بريستول. في سنة 1881 أصبح مديرا للجامعة.
قام بالاشتراك مع العالم موريس ترافرز باكتشاف عناصر الأرغون والنيون والكريبتون والزينون. نال جائزة نوبل في الكيمياء لبحوثه في انبعاث الراديوم سنة 1904.
Sir William Ramsay
Sir William Ramsay KCB FRS FRSE (/ˈræmzi/; 2 October 1852 – 23 July 1916) was a Scottish chemist who discovered the noble gases and received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1904 "in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air" (along with his collaborator, John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, who received the Nobel Prize in Physics that same year for their discovery of argon). After the two men identified argon, Ramsay investigated other atmospheric gases. His work in isolating argon, helium, neon, krypton and xenon led to the development of a new section of the periodic table
Early years
Ramsay was born at 2 Clifton Street[4] in Glasgow on 2 October 1852, the son of civil engineer and surveyor, William C. Ramsay, and his wife, Catherine Robertson.[5] The family lived at 2 Clifton Street in the city centre, a three-storey and basement Georgian townhouse.[6] The family moved to 1 Oakvale Place in the Hillhead district in his youth.[7] He was a nephew of the geologist Sir Andrew Ramsay.
He was educated at Glasgow Academy and then apprenticed to Robert Napier, shipbuilder in Govan.[8] However, he instead decided to study Chemistry at the University of Glasgow, matriculating in 1866 and graduating 1869. He then undertook practical training with the chemist Thomas Anderson and then went to study in Germany at the University of Tübingen with Wilhelm Rudolph Fittig where his doctoral thesis was entitled Investigations in the Toluic and Nitrotoluic Acids.[9]
Ramsay went back to Glasgow as Anderson's assistant at the Anderson College. He was appointed as Professor of Chemistry at the University College of Bristol in 1879 and married Margaret Buchanan in 1881. In the same year he became the Principal of University College, Bristol, and somehow managed to combine that with active research both in organic chemistry and on gases.
Career
In 1887 he succeeded Alexander Williamson as the chair of Chemistry at University College London (UCL). It was here at UCL that his most celebrated discoveries were made. As early as 1885–1890 he published several notable papers on the oxides of nitrogen, developing the skills that he needed for his subsequent work.
On the evening of 19 April 1894 Ramsay attended a lecture given by Lord Rayleigh. Rayleigh had noticed a discrepancy between the density of nitrogen made by chemical synthesis and nitrogen isolated from the air by removal of the other known components. After a short conversation he and Ramsay decided to investigate this. In August Ramsay told Rayleigh he had isolated a new, heavy component of air, which did not appear to have any chemical reactivity. He named this inert gas "argon", from the Greek word meaning "lazy".[2] In the following years, working with Morris Travers, he discovered neon, krypton, and xenon. He also isolated helium, which had only been observed in the spectrum of the sun, and had not previously been found on earth. In 1910 he isolated and characterised radon.[10]
During 1893–1902 Ramsay collaborated with Emily Aston, a British chemist, in experiments on mineral analysis and atomic weight determination. Their work included publications on the molecular surface energies of mixtures of non-associating liquids.[11]
He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) in the 1902 Coronation Honours list published on 26 June 1902,[12][13] and invested as such by King Edward VII at Buckingham Palace on 24 October 1902.[14]
In 1904 Ramsay received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Ramsay's standing among scientists led him to become an adviser to the Indian Institute of Science. He suggested Bangalore as the location for the institute.
Ramsay endorsed the Industrial and Engineering Trust Ltd., a company that claimed it could extract gold from seawater, in 1905. It bought property on the English coast to begin its secret process. The company never produced any gold.
Ramsay was the president of the British Association in 1911–1912.[15]
Personal life
In 1881 Ramsay was married to Margaret Johnstone Marshall (née Buchanan), daughter of George Stevenson Buchanan. They had a daughter, Catherine Elizabeth (Elska) and a son, William George, who died at 40.
Ramsay lived in Hazlemere, Buckinghamshire, until his death. He died in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, on 23 July 1916 from nasal cancer at the age of 63 and was buried in Hazlemere parish church.
A blue plaque at number 12 Arundel Gardens, Notting Hill, commemorates his life and work.
The Sir William Ramsay School in Hazlemere and Ramsay grease are named after him
Early years
Ramsay was born at 2 Clifton Street[4] in Glasgow on 2 October 1852, the son of civil engineer and surveyor, William C. Ramsay, and his wife, Catherine Robertson.[5] The family lived at 2 Clifton Street in the city centre, a three-storey and basement Georgian townhouse.[6] The family moved to 1 Oakvale Place in the Hillhead district in his youth.[7] He was a nephew of the geologist Sir Andrew Ramsay.
He was educated at Glasgow Academy and then apprenticed to Robert Napier, shipbuilder in Govan.[8] However, he instead decided to study Chemistry at the University of Glasgow, matriculating in 1866 and graduating 1869. He then undertook practical training with the chemist Thomas Anderson and then went to study in Germany at the University of Tübingen with Wilhelm Rudolph Fittig where his doctoral thesis was entitled Investigations in the Toluic and Nitrotoluic Acids.[9]
Ramsay went back to Glasgow as Anderson's assistant at the Anderson College. He was appointed as Professor of Chemistry at the University College of Bristol in 1879 and married Margaret Buchanan in 1881. In the same year he became the Principal of University College, Bristol, and somehow managed to combine that with active research both in organic chemistry and on gases.
Career
In 1887 he succeeded Alexander Williamson as the chair of Chemistry at University College London (UCL). It was here at UCL that his most celebrated discoveries were made. As early as 1885–1890 he published several notable papers on the oxides of nitrogen, developing the skills that he needed for his subsequent work.
On the evening of 19 April 1894 Ramsay attended a lecture given by Lord Rayleigh. Rayleigh had noticed a discrepancy between the density of nitrogen made by chemical synthesis and nitrogen isolated from the air by removal of the other known components. After a short conversation he and Ramsay decided to investigate this. In August Ramsay told Rayleigh he had isolated a new, heavy component of air, which did not appear to have any chemical reactivity. He named this inert gas "argon", from the Greek word meaning "lazy".[2] In the following years, working with Morris Travers, he discovered neon, krypton, and xenon. He also isolated helium, which had only been observed in the spectrum of the sun, and had not previously been found on earth. In 1910 he isolated and characterised radon.[10]
During 1893–1902 Ramsay collaborated with Emily Aston, a British chemist, in experiments on mineral analysis and atomic weight determination. Their work included publications on the molecular surface energies of mixtures of non-associating liquids.[11]
He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) in the 1902 Coronation Honours list published on 26 June 1902,[12][13] and invested as such by King Edward VII at Buckingham Palace on 24 October 1902.[14]
In 1904 Ramsay received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Ramsay's standing among scientists led him to become an adviser to the Indian Institute of Science. He suggested Bangalore as the location for the institute.
Ramsay endorsed the Industrial and Engineering Trust Ltd., a company that claimed it could extract gold from seawater, in 1905. It bought property on the English coast to begin its secret process. The company never produced any gold.
Ramsay was the president of the British Association in 1911–1912.[15]
Personal life
In 1881 Ramsay was married to Margaret Johnstone Marshall (née Buchanan), daughter of George Stevenson Buchanan. They had a daughter, Catherine Elizabeth (Elska) and a son, William George, who died at 40.
Ramsay lived in Hazlemere, Buckinghamshire, until his death. He died in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, on 23 July 1916 from nasal cancer at the age of 63 and was buried in Hazlemere parish church.
A blue plaque at number 12 Arundel Gardens, Notting Hill, commemorates his life and work.
The Sir William Ramsay School in Hazlemere and Ramsay grease are named after him
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