Green Bay Packers

The Green Bay Packers are a professional American football team based in Green Bay, Wisconsin. They compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the National Football Conference (NFC) North division. It is the third-oldest franchise in the NFL, dating back to 1919,[7][8] and is the only non-profit, community-owned major league professional sports team based in the United States.[a][9] Home games have been played at Lambeau Field since 1957.

The Packers are the last of the "small town teams" which were common in the NFL during the league's early days of the 1920s and 1930s. Founded in 1919 by Earl "Curly" Lambeau and George Whitney Calhoun, the franchise traces its lineage to other semi-professional teams in Green Bay dating back to 1896. Between 1919 and 1920, the Packers competed against other semi-pro clubs from around Wisconsin and the Midwest, before joining the American Professional Football Association (APFA), the forerunner of today's NFL, in 1921. Although Green Bay is by far the smallest major league professional sports market in North America, Forbes ranked the Packers as the world's 27th most valuable sports franchise in 2019, with a value of $2.63 billion.[10]

The Packers have won 13 league championships, the most in NFL history, with nine pre–Super Bowl NFL titles and four Super Bowl victories. The Packers won the first two Super Bowls in 1967 and 1968 and were the only NFL team to defeat the American Football League (AFL) prior to the AFL–NFL merger. The Vince Lombardi Trophy is named after the Packers' coach Vince Lombardi, who guided them to their first two Super Bowls. Their two subsequent Super Bowl wins came in 1996 and 2010. Additionally, with at least one playoff game yet to be played in the 2019 NFL season, the Packers have won more games, including playoff wins, than any NFL franchise with a total of 791.[11][12]

The Packers are long-standing adversaries of the Chicago Bears, Minnesota Vikings, and Detroit Lions, who today comprise the NFL's NFC North division (formerly known as the NFC Central Division). They have played over 100 games against each of those teams through history, and have a winning overall record against all of them, a distinction only shared with the Kansas City Chiefs and Dallas Cowboys. The Bears–Packers rivalry is one of the oldest rivalries in US professional sports history, dating back to 1921
The Green Bay Packers were founded on August 11, 1919[1] by former high-school football rivals Earl "Curly" Lambeau and George Whitney Calhoun.[13] Lambeau solicited funds for uniforms from his employer, the Indian Packing Company.[14] He was given $500 ($7,400 today) for uniforms and equipment, on the condition that the team be named for its sponsor.[15] The Green Bay Packers have played in their original city longer than any other team in the NFL.

On August 27, 1921, the Packers were granted a franchise in the American Professional Football Association, a new national pro football league that had been formed the previous year. The APFA changed its name to the National Football League a year later. Financial troubles plagued the team and the franchise was forfeited within the year before Lambeau found new financial backers and regained the franchise the next year. These backers, known as "The Hungry Five", formed the Green Bay Football Corporation.[16]

1929–1931: Lambeau's team arrives
After a near-miss in 1927, Lambeau's squad claimed the Packers' first NFL title in 1929 with an undefeated 12–0–1 campaign, behind a stifling defense which registered eight shutouts.[17] Green Bay would repeat as league champions in 1930 and 1931, bettering teams from New York, Chicago and throughout the league, with all-time greats and future Hall of Famers Mike Michalske, Johnny (Blood) McNally, Cal Hubbard and Green Bay native Arnie Herber.[18][19] Among the many impressive accomplishments of these years was the Packers' streak of 29 consecutive home games without defeat, an NFL record which still stands.[20]

1935–1945: The Don Hutson era
The arrival of end Don Hutson from Alabama in 1935 gave Lambeau and the Packers the most-feared and dynamic offensive weapon in the game. Credited with inventing pass patterns, Hutson would lead the league in receptions eight seasons and spur the Packers to NFL championships in 1936, 1939 and 1944. An iron man, Hutson played both ways, leading the league in interceptions as a safety in 1940. Hutson claimed 18 NFL records when he retired in 1945, many of which still stand.[21] In 1951, his number 14 was the first to be retired by the Packers, and he was inducted as a charter member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1963.

1946–1958: Wilderness
After Hutson's retirement, Lambeau could not stop the Packers' slide. He purchased a large lodge near Green Bay for team members and families to live. Rockwood Lodge was the home of the 1946–49 Packers. The 1947 and 1948 seasons produced a record of 12–10–1, and 1949 was even worse at 3–9. The lodge burned down on January 24, 1950, and insurance money paid for many of the Packers' debts
Curly Lambeau departed after the 1949 season. Gene Ronzani and Lisle Blackbourn could not coach the Packers back to their former magic, even as a new stadium was unveiled in 1957. The losing would descend to the disastrous 1958 campaign under coach Ray "Scooter" McLean, whose lone 1–10–1 year at the helm is the worst in Packers history.[23]

1959–1967: The Lombardi era and the glory years
Former New York Giants assistant Vince Lombardi was hired as Packers head coach and general manager on February 2, 1959. Few suspected the hiring represented the beginning of a remarkable, immediate turnaround. Under Lombardi, the Packers would become the team of the 1960s, winning five World Championships over a seven-year span, including victories in the first two Super Bowls. During the Lombardi era, the stars of the Packers' offense included Bart Starr, Jim Taylor, Carroll Dale, Paul Hornung (as halfback and placekicker), Forrest Gregg, and Jerry Kramer. The defense included Willie Davis, Henry Jordan, Willie Wood, Ray Nitschke, Dave Robinson, and Herb Adderley.

1959: Lombardi's first season
The Packers' first regular season game under Lombardi was on September 27, 1959, a 9–6 victory over the Chicago Bears in Green Bay. After winning their first three, the Packers lost the next five before finishing strong by sweeping their final four. The 7–5 record represented the Packers' first winning season since 1947, enough to earn rookie head coach Lombardi the NFL Coach of the Year.

1960
The next year, the Packers, led by Paul Hornung's 176 points, won the NFL West title and played in the NFL Championship against the Philadelphia Eagles at Philadelphia. In a see-saw game, the Packers trailed by only four points when All-Pro Eagle linebacker Chuck Bednarik tackled Jim Taylor just nine yards short of the goal line as time expired.

1961
The Packers returned to the NFL Championship game the following season and faced the New York Giants in the first league title game to be played in Green Bay. The Packers scored 24-second-quarter points, including a championship-record 19 by Paul Hornung, on special "loan" from the Army (one touchdown, four extra-points and three field goals), powering the Packers to a 37–0 rout of the Giants, their first NFL Championship since 1944.[24] It was in 1961 that Green Bay became known as "Titletown."

1962
The Packers stormed back in the 1962 season, jumping out to a 10–0 start, on their way to a 13–1 season. This consistent level of success would lead to Lombardi's Packers becoming one of the most prominent teams of their era, and to being featured as the face of the NFL on the cover of Time on December 21, 1962, as part of the magazine's cover story on "The Sport of the '60s".[25] Shortly after Time's article, the Packers faced the Giants in a much more brutal championship game than the previous year, but the Packers prevailed on the kicking of Jerry Kramer and the determined running of Jim Taylor. The Packers defeated the Giants in New York, 16–7.

1965
The Packers returned to the championship game in 1965 following a two-year absence when they defeated the Colts in a playoff for the Western Conference title. That game would be remembered for Don Chandler's controversial tying field goal in which the ball allegedly went wide right, but the officials signaled "good." The 13–10 overtime win earned the Packers a trip to the NFL Championship game, where Hornung and Taylor ran through the defending champion Cleveland Browns, helping the Packers win, 23–12, to earn their third NFL Championship under Lombardi and ninth overall. Goalpost uprights would be made taller the next year.

1966: the first "AFL-NFL World Championship Game"

The 1966 season saw the Packers led to the first-ever Super Bowl by MVP quarterback Bart Starr. The team went 12–2, and as time wound down in the NFL Championship against the Dallas Cowboys, the Packers clung to a 34–27 lead. Dallas had the ball on the Packers' two-yard line, threatening to tie the ballgame. But on fourth down the Packers' Tom Brown intercepted Don Meredith's pass in the end zone to seal the win. The team crowned its season by rolling over the AFL champion Kansas City Chiefs 35–10 in Super Bowl I.

1967: Super Bowl II, and Lombardi's departure

The 1967 season was the last for Lombardi as the Packers' head coach.[26] The NFL Championship game, a rematch of the 1966 contest against Dallas, became indelibly known as the "Ice Bowl" as a result of the brutal conditions at Lambeau Field.[27] Still, the coldest NFL game ever played, it remains one of the most famous football games at any level in the history of the sport.[28] With 16 seconds left, Bart Starr's touchdown on a quarterback sneak brought the Packers a 21–17 victory and their still unequaled third straight NFL Championship. They then won Super Bowl II with a 33–14 victory over the Oakland Raiders. Lombardi stepped down as head coach after the game, and Phil Bengtson was named his successor. Lombardi remained as general manager for one season but left in 1969 to become head coach and minority owner of the Washington Redskins.

After Lombardi died of cancer on September 3, 1970, the NFL renamed the Super Bowl trophy the Vince Lombardi Trophy in recognition of his accomplishments with the Packers. The city of Green Bay renamed Highland Avenue in his honor in 1968, placing Lambeau Field at 1265 Lombardi Avenue ever since.

1968–1991: Post-Lombardi and decline

The Outsider (King novel)

The Outsider is a horror novel by American author Stephen King, published on May 22, 2018, by Scribner.[
Plot
In Flint City, Oklahoma, police detective Ralph Anderson arrests popular teacher and Little League coach Terry Maitland in front of a crowd of baseball spectators, charging him with raping, mutilating, and killing an 11-year-old boy. The town quickly turns against Anderson, who insists Maitland is innocent. Maitland hires his friend and lawyer, Howie Gold, to assist him, but Anderson has eyewitnesses and clear forensic evidence pointing to his guilt. In the meantime, eager reporters harass Terry's wife, Marcy, and his two daughters, Sarah and Grace.[3]

District Attorney Bill Samuels tells Anderson to break Maitland's alibi in order to make this an open-and-shut case. Anderson discovers, however, that multiple eyewitnesses confirm Maitland was out of town when the murder occurred, at a writer's conference in a neighboring town. Conference site security footage also provides confirmation of Maitland's alibi. Anderson finds a book at the conference center gift shop that Maitland (or his doppelganger) touched, and the fingerprints on the book are confirmed to be Maitland's. Samuels encourages Anderson to destroy this new evidence, but he does not. Despite evidence that Maitland was in two places at once, Anderson still believes Maitland killed the boy. Maitland is shot to death outside of the courthouse by the older brother of the victim. Anderson is placed on administrative leave and the DA decides not to seek reelection.

With the help of private investigator Holly Gibney, Anderson follows a trail of clues that takes the duo to Marysville, Texas. Jack Hoskins, Anderson's rival in local law enforcement, is coerced by the Outsider (the real killer) into killing Anderson. The Outsider promises Hoskins that if he kills Anderson he will be cured of his cancer. With the help of a number of characters, Anderson and Gibney discover that they have an actual monster on their hands. They set out to destroy him in a large cave in Marysville, where two children died years earlier.[3] Holly hits the Outsider with the happy slapper (a sock filled with ball bearings, similar to what she used to stop Brady Hartsfield in Mr. Mercedes). He appears destroyed. The DA holds a press conference clearing Maitland, alleging defective DNA samples and confirming the video proof supporting Maitland's alibi.

Background information
The novel was first mentioned in an interview for USA Today on August 7, 2017.[4] The book cover was first revealed on January 18, 2018.[5] An excerpt was published in the May 25, 2018, issue of Entertainment Weekly.[6]

Connections to King's other works
The character of Holly Gibney from King's Bill Hodges trilogy (Mr. Mercedes, Finders Keepers, End of Watch) is a major character in the book. The novel outlines some events from the trilogy and its aftermath.

The concept of "ka", an integral part of King's The Dark Tower series, is also mentioned.

Reception
The review aggregator website Book Marks reported that 71% of critics gave the book a "rave" review, while the other 29% of the critics expressed "positive" impressions, based on a sample of 14 reviews

The Outsider (2018 film)

The Outsider is a 2018 Japanese-American crime drama thriller film directed by Martin Zandvliet and written by Andrew Baldwin. It stars Jared Leto, Tadanobu Asano, Kippei Shiina, Shiori Kutsuna, and Emile Hirsch and follows an American who becomes a member of the Japanese yakuza.

The film was released by Netflix on March 9, 2018, and received generally unfavorable reviews from critics.

Plot
Taking place in 1954 after the Allied occupation of Japan following the Second World War, Nick Lowell is the only non-Japanese inmate in an Osaka prison. Most other inmates are Yakuza criminals, recognizable by their Irezumi tattoos. Nick saves a Yakuza named Kiyoshi from being hanged to death, whose Shiromatsu Yakuza clan repays his debt by arranging Nick's release. He is also offered a job: Anthony Panetti, an American copper tradesman with a deep hatred for the Japanese, has refused to negotiate a deal with the Shiromatsu clan, but has agreed to a deal with a different clan because they sent an American to talk to Panetti. Nick agrees to "cancel out" the other American, but ends up violently beating Panetti on the head with a typewriter just a minute into the conversation instead.

When the rival Seizu Yakuza clan from Kobe challenges the Shiromatsu clan at their own strip club, Nick attacks their leader, nearly causing a shootout. Kiyoshi takes a liking to Nick, giving him an expensive apartment and a suit. He further entrusts Nick with driving his drunk sister Miyu home after he catches her partying at the Shiromatsu establishment. Nick spends the night with her and becomes more heavily embroiled with the Shiromatsu clan, taking the role of a violent enforcer. He continues his relationship with Miyu and gets an Irezumi tattoo on his back.

The Shiromatsu clan is under pressure from the rivaling clans, largely due to the ageing Shiromatsu patriarch's refusal to adapt to the rapidly changing post-war economy. Kiyoshi sends Nick to the harbor to handle a black market weapons deal, where he is attacked by four Seizu clan members, killing two. To avoid a war with the Seizu clan and as an apology, Nick and Kiyoshi perform an act of yubitsume. The severed joints are sent to the Seizu clan leader, who accepts. During a Sumo event the Seizu clan leader offers the Shiromatsu patriarch the possibility to retire in peace by assimilating his clan, which the old man refuses. Nick is brought to a Yakuza initiation ritual at an old temple and becomes a full member of the clan.

Later Nick is recognized by Paulie Bowers, an American soldier on leave. Through their conversation it is revealed that Nick was the former Captain of Bowers' unit, that the United States Military believes Nick had been killed in action, and that Nick might have engaged in war crimes. When Paulie makes an attempt at blackmailing Nick, he lures him back to his apartment and kills him. Nick learns that Miyu has been nearly raped by her former lover Orochi in the meantime, but Miyu stops him from taking revenge by telling him that the she is pregnant. Nick shows up at Kiyoshi's home and confesses the relationship with his sister. Arguing that Nick is now responsible for keeping Miyu safe, Kiyoshi gives him a Daishō, a pair of Samurai swords. Together they bury Bowers' body in the woods.

Some time later, Nick saves the Shiromatsu patriarch from being strangled to death by one of his own men while at the tailor shop. Kiyoshi is killed by two Seizu members during their escape. It becomes clear that many clan members have switched over to the Seizu clan, most importantly Orochi. Nick immediately suggests a clan war, to which the patriarch agrees. After a killing spree the Seizu clan leader offers peace talks at the local harbor, which turn out to be an ambush. The patriarch and many other Shiromatsu clan members die, Nick is wounded by a shot in the leg. Undeterred, Nick travels to the Seizu clan Dōjō with Kiyoshi's sword and demands an opportunity to kill Orochi. Orochi refuses to fight him, saying that Nick is only a foreigner and could never truly be a Yakuza. When Orochi hands him back the Katana, Nick quickly draws it and cuts Orochi's throat. The Seizu patriarch intervenes before any further violence occurs, and allows Nick to leave.

In the final scene, Nick returns to an apartment where he has hidden Miyu under the guard of the few remaining Shiromatsu clan members. He embraces her as the remaining members of the clan bow reverently to him.

Cast
Jared Leto as Nick Lowell
Kippei Shiina as Orochi
Shiori Kutsuna as Miyu
Tadanobu Asano as Kiyoshi
Nao Ōmori as Seizu
Min Tanaka as Akihiro
Emile Hirsch as Paulie Bowers
Rory Cochrane as Anthony Panetti
Young Dais as Takeshi
Production
Development
On November 16, 2016, Netflix entered negotiations with Bloom and AFM to acquire exclusive global rights to the film.

Casting
Michael Fassbender was considered to star in the film when Daniel Espinosa was in talks to direct. Then, Japanese filmmaker Takashi Miike was slated to direct the film with Tom Hardy in the titular role. However, the search for a new lead after Hardy's departure from the project conflicted with Miike's own commitments, which caused his dropout as well. Jared Leto was confirmed to join the cast on April 5, 2016.[1] Leto grew out his hair and beard for most of 2016 to prepare for the role of Nick Lowell and assume the appearance of an American prisoner of war. Tadanobu Asano was added to the cast on May 12.[2] Rory Cochrane was confirmed to join the cast on November 16.[3] Emile Hirsch was added to the cast on December 6.

Filming
Principal photography began in Tokyo, Japan in late September 2016. Principal photography wrapped in Osaka, Japan in December 2016

نيكي توتوريالز

نيكي دي جاجر (بالإنجليزية: Nikkie de Jager) (من مواليد 2 مارس 1994 في هولندا)، والمشهورة باسمها على يوتيوب باسم القناة الخاصة بها نيكي توتوريالز هي فنانة ماكياج هولندية. اكتسبت نيكي شهرة على الإنترنت في عام 2015 بعد أن أصبح فيديو "قوة المكياج" الذي نشرته على موقع يوتيوب منتشرًا كالوباء حيث استوحت فكرته من عدد لا يحصى من النساء اللواتي يظهرن وجوههن من دون ماكياج. واعتبارًا من مارس 2018، كان لدى قناتها على يوتيوب أكثر من 9.2 مليون مشترك وأكثر من 766 مليون مشاهدة للفيديو.

صنّفت مجلة فوربس دي جاجر كواحدة من أفضل عشرة "مؤثرات" في عالم الجمال في عام 2017. وفي عام 2017، فازت نيكي أيضًا بجائزة "يوتيوب غورو YouTube Guru" وجائزة " اختيار ملكة جمال الانترنت Choice Choice / Beauty Web Star" في جائزة اختيار المراهقين.

تعاونت دي جاجر مع ماركات التجميل توفايسد وأوفرا Ofra ومايبلاينMaybelline.

ناقشت دي جاجر في بعض مقاطع الفيديو الخاصة بها علناً تجربتها مع الإجراءات التجميلية، وتحدثت بشكل إيجابي عن إجراء تكبير الشفاه وتقويم الأسنان.

رفت دي جاجر في عام 2017 فيديو يراجع منتج تنتجه علامة تجارية لمستحضرات التجميل مقرها براغ (براغ) يدعى ديرماكول Dermacol وتحدثت عن استخدام الشركة لصورتها، وتحديدًا لقطة شاشة من فيديو قوة الماكياج، لبيع منتجاتها على وسائل الاعلام الاجتماعية دون إذنها. كانت مراجعتها لمؤسستهم مواتية في الغالب، لكنها أعربت عن خيبة أملها في تصرفات الشركة، حيث شعرت أنهم كذبوا على متابعيها لأنها لم تكن ترتدي أي من منتجات ديرماكول في صورتها التي اعتادوا على ترويجها لشركتهم.

NikkieTutorials

Nikkie de Jager (born March 2, 1994), better known by her YouTube channel name NikkieTutorials, is a Dutch makeup artist and beauty vlogger.[2] She gained online popularity in 2015 after her YouTube video, "The Power of Makeup", went viral and inspired many other videos of people showing their faces with and without makeup.[3][4][5] As of October 2019, her YouTube channel has 12.4 million subscribers and over 1.1 billion video views
Career
De Jager first began uploading videos to YouTube in 2008, at the age of 14, after watching MTV's The Hills while sick and being inspired by Lauren Conrad's makeup.[7] She then began searching YouTube for tutorials to recreate the look, and was inspired to begin creating her own.[8][9] After uploading videos for about two years, she enrolled in makeup coursework at B Academy in Amsterdam. She then signed to Colourfool Agency in 2011, and began working as a professional makeup artist.[8]

In fall of 2013, she became the head makeup artist for RTL5's show I Can Make You a Supermodel with Paul Fisher.[8][10]

De Jager left Colourfool Agency at the beginning of 2014 to work as a freelance hair and makeup artist.[8]

Forbes magazine named de Jager one of the top ten beauty "influencers" in 2017.[11] In 2017, she also won the award for "YouTube Guru" at the Shorty Awards and the award for "Choice Fashion/Beauty Web Star" at the Teen Choice Awards.[12][13]

In 2017, de Jager uploaded a video reviewing a high coverage foundation produced by a Prague-based cosmetics brand called Dermacol and spoke about the company using her image, specifically a screenshot from her "The Power of Makeup" video, to sell their products on social media without her permission. Her review of their foundation was mostly favorable, but she expressed disappointment in the company's actions, feeling they had lied to their followers as she was not wearing any of Dermacol's products in the photo of her they had used to promote their company.[14][15]

In January 2019, it was announced that de Jager would serve as the Global Beauty Adviser for Marc Jacobs Beauty. The brand stated in a press release "In this newly created role, Nikkie will be integrated into the brand’s product development process, as well as share her incredible talent and expertise to expand unique content and artistry around the world on both Marc Jacobs beauty and her own channels."[16]

Collaborations
De Jager has collaborated with beauty brands Ofra, and Maybelline.[5][17][18][19] Her line with Ofra in 2017 included liquid lipsticks and a highlighter palette.[11] In December 2019, she collaborated with Lady Gaga, promoting and giving away her makeup brand Haus Labs.

Television
De Jager competed in the first season of The Big Escape where she finished in sixth place.

In January 2019, de Jager competed on the Dutch television series Wie is de Mol?, where she finished in ninth place out of ten.[20] She was deliberately knocked out of the game so she could go home due to personal reasons.[21]

Personal life
De Jager has two brothers. Her younger brother Mikai died from cancer on May 25, 2018.[22][23]

In some of her videos, de Jager has openly discussed her experience with cosmetic procedures, speaking positively about undergoing lip augmentation and dental work.[24][25]

On August 6, 2019, de Jager became engaged to her boyfriend of almost a year while traveling in Italy.[26][27]

On January 13, 2020, de Jager uploaded a video to her YouTube channel, titled "I'm Coming Out.", in which she revealed that she is transgender and underwent her transition in her late teens

جوينيث بالترو

جوينيث بالترو ممثلة ومغنية وكاتبة أمريكية من مواليد 27 سبتمبر 1972، حاصلة على جائزة الأوسكار 1998 كأفضل ممثلة عن دورها في فيلم شكسبير في الحب، كما حصلت بنفس الدور على جائزة الغولدن غلوب 1999 كأفضل ممثلة في فيلم كوميدي أو موسيقي، وحصلت أيضا بنفس الدور على جائزتين من نقابة ممثلي الشاشة.

الترشيحات لجائزة الأوسكار
أفضل ممثلة رئيسية عام 1999 عن فيلم شكسبير عاشقا وفازت بها
جائزة الاوسكار عام 2000

الترشيحات لجائزة الجولدن جلوب
أفضل ممثلة أستعراضية أو كوميدية عام 1999 عن فيلم شكسبير عاشقا أفضل ممثلة وفازت بها
أفضل ممثلة عام 2006 عن فيلم Proof
الترشيحات لجائزة الابداع
أفضل ممثلة عن دور انا في فيلم شكسبير عاشقا وفازت بها

Gwyneth Paltrow

Gwyneth Kate Paltrow[1] (/ˈpæltroʊ/) (born September 27, 1972) is an American actress, singer, author, and businesswoman. She has received numerous accolades for her work, including an Academy Award, a Golden Globe Award, and a Primetime Emmy Award. Her films have grossed $3.3 billion at the U.S. box office and $8.8 billion worldwide.[2]

Paltrow gained very early notice for her work in films such as Seven (1995), Emma (1996), Sliding Doors (1998), and A Perfect Murder (1998). She garnered wider critical acclaim for her performance as Viola de Lesseps in the historical romance film Shakespeare in Love (1998) which won her several awards, including the Academy Award for Best Actress. This was followed by roles in The Talented Mr. Ripley (1999), The Royal Tenenbaums (2001), Shallow Hal (2001), and Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow (2004).

After becoming a mother, Paltrow significantly reduced her film workload, making occasional appearances in films, such as Proof (2005), for which she earned a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama. In 2009, Paltrow received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Spoken Word Album for Children for the children's audiobook Brown Bear and Friends and won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for her guest role as Holly Holliday on the Fox musical comedy-drama television series Glee in 2011. From 2008 to 2019, Paltrow portrayed Pepper Potts in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.

Since 2005, Paltrow has been the face of Estée Lauder's Pleasures perfume. She is also the face of American fashion brand Coach,[3] owner of a lifestyle company, Goop, and author of several cookbooks.
Early life
Paltrow was born in Los Angeles, the daughter of actress Blythe Danner and film producer-director Bruce Paltrow. She has a younger brother, Jake Paltrow, who is a director and screenwriter. Paltrow's father was Jewish,[4] while her mother is from a Christian background.[5] She was raised celebrating "both Jewish and Christian holidays."[6] Her brother had a traditional Bar Mitzvah when he turned 13.[7][8] Her father's Ashkenazi Jewish family emigrated from Belarus and Poland,[9][10][11][12][13] while her mother has Pennsylvania Dutch (German), Irish, and some English ancestry.[14][15][16] Paltrow's paternal great-great-grandfather was a rabbi in Nowogród, Poland, and a descendant of the well known "Paltrowicz" family of rabbis from Kraków.[17][18] She is a half-cousin of actress Katherine Moennig, through her mother, and a second cousin of former U.S. Congresswoman Gabby Giffords (AZ-08), through her father.[19] Her uncle is opera singer and actor Harry Danner, whose daughter, actress Hillary Danner,[20] is Paltrow's cousin and close friend. Paltrow recalls their family gatherings: "Hillary and I always had this in common, and do to this day [...] cooking for people we love, eating, hanging out as a family. It's how we were raised. It's what we do."[21] Another cousin is Rebekah Paltrow Neumann, whose spouse is the Israeli-American billionaire Adam Neumann, founder of WeWork.

Her godfather is director Steven Spielberg.[22][23][24]

Paltrow was raised in Santa Monica, California, where she attended Crossroads School, before enrolling in the Spence School, a private girls' school in New York City.[25] Later, she briefly studied anthropology at the University of California, Santa Barbara, before dropping out to act.[26] She is an "adopted daughter" of Talavera de la Reina (Spain), where at 15, she spent a year as an exchange student and learned to speak Spanish.[27][28][29] She is also conversant in French.[30]

Career
1989–1995: Early acting work
Her acting debut was in High (1989), a TV film her father directed, and after spending several summers watching her mother perform at the Williamstown Theatre Festival in Massachusetts, Paltrow made her professional stage debut there in 1990.[31] Her film debut followed with the musical romance film Shout (1991), starring John Travolta, and she was cast by Steven Spielberg in the commercially successful adventure feature Hook (1991) as the young Wendy Darling.[31] Paltrow's next roles were in the made-for-television movies Cruel Doubt (1992) and Deadly Relations (1993). Her first plum feature film role was in the noir drama Flesh and Bone (1993) as the much-younger girlfriend of James Caan. Janet Maslin of The New York Times described Paltrow as a scene-stealer "who is Blythe Danner's daughter and has her mother's way of making a camera fall in love with her."[32] In 1995, she starred in the thriller Se7en, as the wife of a young detective (Brad Pitt), who is partnered with the retiring William Somerset (Morgan Freeman) and soon tasked with tracking down a serial killer who uses the seven deadly sins as tropes in his murders. The seventh-highest-grossing film of the year,[33] Seven also earned her a nomination for the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress. She appeared in Moonlight and Valentino, as a grieving chain-smoker, and in Jefferson in Paris, portraying Martha Jefferson Randolph.[34][35]

1996–2001: Emma and film stardom
In 1996, Paltrow played the title character in the period film adaptation Emma, based on the 1815 novel of the same name by Jane Austen. Director Douglas McGrath decided to bring in Paltrow to audition for the part of Emma Woodhouse, after a suggestion from his agent and after seeing her performance in Flesh and Bone.[36] On his decision to cast the actress, McGrath revealed: "The thing that actually sold me on her playing a young English girl was that she did a perfect Texas accent. I know that wouldn't recommend her to most people [...] I knew she had theater training, so she could carry herself. We had many actresses, big and small, who wanted to play this part. The minute she started the read-through, the very first line, I thought, 'Everything is going to be fine; she's going to be brilliant.'"[36] While she recovered from wisdom-tooth surgery, Paltrow had a month to herself do her own research for the part;[37] she studied horsemanship, dancing, singing, archery and the "highly stylized" manners and dialect during a three-week rehearsal period.[37] The film was released to critical acclaim and commercial success through arthouse cinemas.[38] Variety proclaimed: "Gwyneth Paltrow shines brightly as Jane Austen's most endearing character, the disastrously self-assured matchmaker Emma Woodhouse. A fine cast, speedy pacing and playful direction make this a solid contender for the Austen sweepstakes."[39]

1998 marked a turning point in Paltrow's career as she took on leading roles in five high-profile film releases in the year—Great Expectations, Sliding Doors, Hush, A Perfect Murder and Shakespeare in Love. In the adaptation of the Charles Dickens novel Great Expectations, also starring Ethan Hawke, Robert De Niro, Anne Bancroft and Chris Cooper, she played the unrequited and haughty childhood love of a New York City painter. The British drama Sliding Doors saw her star as a woman whose life could take two central paths depending on whether or not she catches a train, causing different outcomes. Great Expectations and Sliding Doors both grossed over US$55 million worldwide.[40][41] Paltrow starred opposite Jessica Lange in the thriller Hush, as an unsuspecting woman living with her psychotic mother-in-law. The film made US$13.5 million domestically and was generally panned by critics.[42][43] In another thriller, A Perfect Murder, inspired by Alfred Hitchcock's 1954 film, Dial M for Murder, Paltrow starred alongside Michael Douglas, playing Emily Taylor, who was based on Grace Kelly's character from the original film. Despite a mixed critical response towards A Perfect Murder, the film grossed US$128 million globally.[44] She was also considered for the role of Rose DeWitt Bukater in the 1997 film Titanic
Her most critically acclaimed role in the year was that of the fictional lover of William Shakespeare in Shakespeare in Love, opposite Joseph Fiennes in the titular part. Entertainment Weekly commented, "Best of all is Gwyneth Paltrow, who, at long last, has a movie to star in that's as radiant as she is."[46] The New York Times summed up her performance as Viola thus: "Gwyneth Paltrow, in her first great, fully realized starring performance, makes a heroine so breathtaking that she seems utterly plausible as the playwright's guiding light."[47] Shakespeare in Love made US$289 million in box office receipts,[48][49] and earned Paltrow the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role,[50] Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Comedy or Musical,[50] and Academy Award for Best Actress, among other honors.[49] Her pink Ralph Lauren dress worn at the 71st Academy Awards in collecting her Oscar was extremely popular and was credited for bringing pink back into fashion.[51]

In 1999, Paltrow co-starred alongside Jude Law, Matt Damon and Cate Blanchett in the psychological thriller The Talented Mr. Ripley, as the fiancée of a rich and spoiled millionaire playboy (Law) whose identity is adopted by a con artist (Damon). While The Guardian, noting the "very underwritten" female roles in the story, found her to be "peaky and pallid",[52] the film received positive reviews and earned $80 million in North America.[53] She showcased her singing ability in 2000s Duets, which was directed by her father and co-starred singer Huey Lewis. In the film, about "the little known world of karaoke competitions and the wayward characters who inhabit it", she portrayed the estranged daughter of a hustler (Lewis). She performed a cover version of Smokey Robinson's "Cruisin', which was released as a single and went to number one in Australia, while her rendition of the Kim Carnes classic "Bette Davis Eyes" reached number three.[54] Also in 2000, Paltrow co-starred with Ben Affleck in the moderately successful romantic drama Bounce as Abby Janello.

She starred with Jack Black in the comedy Shallow Hal (2001), about a shallow man falling in love with an overweight woman. To play her role, she had to wear a specially designed 25-pound fatsuit and heavy make-up. Shallow Hal opened with US$22.5 million and grossed US$70.7 million in North America and US$141.1 million around the globe.[55] Roger Ebert remarked that she was "truly touching" in the film, which he described as "often very funny, but [...] also surprisingly moving at times."[56] In the Wes Anderson dramedy The Royal Tenenbaums (2001), co-starring Gene Hackman, Anjelica Huston, Ben Stiller and Luke Wilson, Paltrow took on the role of the adopted daughter in an estranged family of former child prodigies reuniting with their father. A positive critical response greeted the film upon its release, and it made US$71.4 million worldwide.[57]

2002–2007: Mixed critical work and hiatus
By 2004, it was observed that since the Oscar for Shakespeare in Love, Paltrow's film career had been less noteworthy and critical acclaim had waned.[58] She said she was unequipped for the pressure, leading to several bad movie choices,[59] agreeing with peers who believe the win is, in some ways, a curse.[60] During this time, Paltrow rarely appeared in films, having taken a hiatus to raise her two children.[25] In The Guardian, she said she divided her career into movies for love and films for money: The Royal Tenenbaums, Proof, and Sylvia fell into the former category, while she signed on to View from the Top and Shallow Hal for the latter.[29]

In 2002, Paltrow made small appearances in the documentary Searching for Debra Winger and the action satire comedy Austin Powers in Goldmember, while she starred in the thriller-drama Possession with Aaron Eckhart as a couple of literary scholars who unearth the amorous secret of two Victorian poets as they find themselves falling under a deepening connection. The film made a lukewarm US$14.8 million worldwide.[61] In the following year, she headlined the romantic comedy View from the Top, where she obtained the part of woman from a small town who sets out to fulfill her dream of becoming a flight attendant. Budgeted at US$30 million, the film only earned US$7 million in its opening weekend; it eventually grossed US$15.6 domestically and US$19,526,014 worldwide.[62] She herself later disparaged the film, calling it "terrible."[63] Paltrow starred as the titular role in Sylvia (2003), a British biographical drama directed by Christine Jeffs and co-starring Daniel Craig chronicling the romance between prominent poets Sylvia Plath and Ted Hughes. Distributed for a limited release in most markets, Sylvia made US$2.9 million internationally.[64] The New York Times, in its review for the film, wrote that "her performance goes well beyond mimicry. She has a vivid, passionate presence, even when her lively features have gone slack with depression and her bright blue eyes have glazed over."[65]

In 2004, she starred with her The Talented Mr. Ripley co-star Jude Law and Angelina Jolie in the science-fiction film Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow. Her role in the film was Polly Perkins, a reporter for the fictional New York Chronicle. Law became one of the producers of the film and used his clout to get Paltrow involved. Once she had been suggested for the role, Law did not remember "any other name coming up. It just seems that she was perfect. She was as enthusiastic about the script and about the visual references that were sort of put to her, and jumped on board."[66] She said in an interview, "I thought that this is the time to do a movie like this where it's kind of breaking into new territory and it's not your basic formulaic action-adventure movie."[66] While critical response was positive, with a budget of US$70 million, Sky Captain only grossed US$58 million at the international box office.[67] Also in 2004, she was recognized as an outstanding woman in entertainment by Women in Film Los Angeles with the Crystal Award.[68]

In the drama Proof (2005), she starred as the depressed daughter of a brilliant, eccentric mathematician (played by Anthony Hopkins). The film was based on the play of the same name, in which Paltrow also played the same character at London's Donmar Warehouse between May and June 2002. On her portrayal in the film version, Eye for Film remarked: "As she has already shown in Sylvia, The Royal Tenenbaums and even Sliding Doors, Paltrow has an uncanny talent for playing women who are coming apart at the seams and her [character] veers from lovably eccentric to more disturbingly unhinged and back again with fluent ease. The scenes, which she and Hopkins share, as two difficult people bound together by affection, dependency and mutual respect, are entirely believable and all the more touching for it."[69] For her performance, Paltrow earned her second Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama.

Paltrow filmed small roles for the 2006 films Love and Other Disasters, Running with Scissors and Infamous, where she sang Cole Porter's "What Is This Thing Called Love?" Her brother Jake Paltrow directed her in his feature debut, the romantic comedy The Good Night (2007), in which she starred opposite Penélope Cruz, Martin Freeman, Danny DeVito and Simon Pegg as the wife of a former keyboard player (Freeman). The film received a two-theater run in North America and garnered mixed reviews from critics.[70] View London felt the actress was "clearly only playing her part as a courtesy to her director brother and it just makes you wish she'd go back to playing lead roles again."[71]

2008–2013: Iron Man and return to prominence
Paltrow saw a resurgence in her career in 2008, when she was cast in Iron Man as Pepper Potts, Tony Stark's personal assistant, closest friend, and budding love interest.[72] First hesitant to appear in a big-budget project, Paltrow asked Marvel to send her any comics they would consider relevant to her understanding of the character, who she considered to be very smart, levelheaded, and grounded. She said she liked "the fact that there's a sexuality that's not blatant." Director Jon Favreau wanted Potts' and Stark's relationship to be reminiscent of a 1940s screwball comedy, something which Paltrow considered to be fun in an "innocent yet sexy" way.[73] Iron Man was favorably received by critics, and with a worldwide gross of US$585 million, it became Paltrow's highest-grossing film until The Avengers (2012).[74] She reprised her role in the sequels Iron Man 2 (2010) and Iron Man 3 (2013). While the second film made US$623.9 million internationally,[75] the third entry went on to gross US$1.215 billion.[76] She also reprised the role in Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017), Avengers: Infinity War (2018) and Avengers: Endgame (2019).

Paltrow starred with Joaquin Phoenix in the romantic drama Two Lovers (2008), playing the beautiful but volatile new neighbor of a depressed bachelor. Two Lovers premiered in competition at the 2008 Cannes Film Festival in May, receiving largely positive reviews,[77][78] especially for Phoenix and Paltrow's performances; Los Angeles Times felt that "Phoenix is at his best with Paltrow's bruised sparrow of a girl; he's desperate to take care of her when he can't even take care of himself. She is one of those actresses who understands the power of a look, and the one of regret and then resignation that overtakes her when Leonard professes his love is steeped in sadness."[79] The film was an arthouse success, grossing US$16 million worldwide
In the musical drama Country Strong (2010), she starred as an emotionally unstable country music star who attempts to resurrect her career. She recorded the song "Country Strong" for the film's soundtrack,[81] and it was released to country radio stations in August 2010.[82] The film received mediocre reviews and grossed a modest US$20.2 million in North America.[83] The consensus of review-aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes was: "The cast gives it their all, and Paltrow handles her songs with aplomb, but Country Strong's cliched, disjointed screenplay hits too many bum notes."[84] At the 83rd Academy Awards, Paltrow performed another song from the movie, "Coming Home," which was nominated for Best Original Song.[85]

Paltrow made her first scripted television appearance[86] on Fox's Glee, as substitute teacher Holly Holliday, who fills in for Matthew Morrison's character when he falls ill. Her role was developed by co-creator Ryan Murphy, a personal friend of Paltrow's, who suggested that she showcase her vocal and dancing abilities ahead of the release of Country Strong.[87] In her first episode, "The Substitute," she sang "Nowadays" from the musical Chicago with Lea Michele, CeeLo Green's "Forget You", and a mash-up of "Singin' In the Rain" and Rihanna's "Umbrella" with Morrison and the rest of the cast.[88] Her debut in Glee attracted significant buzz and positive commentary from critics; she earned a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series.[89] Indeed, at the time, Entertainment Weekly's Tim Stack and E! Online's Kristin dos Santos called her appearance Emmy-worthy, with the former rating it among her best performances, and the latter stating that Holly received "some of Glee's best-ever one-liners."[90][91]

She later performed "Forget You" with CeeLo Green himself and several puppet characters provided by The Jim Henson Company at the 2011 Grammy Awards.[92] She reprised her role twice more that season, performing "Do You Wanna Touch Me (Oh Yeah)" by Gary Glitter, an acoustic version of "Landslide" by Fleetwood Mac, "Kiss" by Prince, and Adele's "Turning Tables." Paltrow was briefly featured in Glee: The 3D Concert Movie after being filmed while she performed "Forget You" as Holly in the 2011 Glee Live! In Concert! tour performances of June 16 and 17, 2011.[93] Afterwards in the year, Paltrow appeared in Steven Soderbergh's film Contagion, featuring an ensemble cast consisting of Marion Cotillard, Kate Winslet and her The Talented Mr. Ripley co-stars Matt Damon and Jude Law. The thriller follows the rapid progress of a lethal indirect contact transmission virus that kills within days.[94] Paltrow portrayed Elizabeth Emhoff, a "working mom" and one of the virus' first victims.[95] Contagion received positive reviews and opened atop at the North American box office with US$23.1 million; it went on to gross US$75.6 million domestically and US$135.4 million worldwide.[96]

She reprised her role of Pepper Potts in The Avengers (2012), which set numerous box office records, including the biggest opening weekend in North America; it grossed over $1.5 billion worldwide, becoming Paltrow's most widely seen film.[97] Also in 2012, she starred in the independent romantic dramedy Thanks for Sharing, opposite Mark Ruffalo as people learning to face a challenging and confusing road as they struggle together against sex addiction. Distributed for a limited release in certain parts of the United States, the film garnered mixed reviews and grossed US$1 million domestically.[98] Paste magazine noted that her role "exhibits some of the same obsessive diet and exercise habits that Paltrow herself has been accused of—a kind of meta character trait that balances the power in [the main roles'] budding relationship."[99] In April 2013, Paltrow was named People magazine's annual "Most Beautiful Woman."[100]

2014–present
In 2014, she had a two-episode arc in the improvised online series Web Therapy, as Maya Ganesh, "a new-age caricature."[101] In 2015, she starred in Mortdecai,[102] alongside Johnny Depp, Olivia Munn, and Paul Bettany. In it, she portrayed the wife of an unscrupulous art dealer and swindler (Depp). Budgeted at US$60 million, the film only grossed US$7.7 million in North America and US$47.3 million internationally.[103] Paltrow was featured on the track "Everglow", which was included in Coldplay's seventh studio album A Head Full of Dreams (2015).[104] In June 2017, Paltrow announced that she would take a break from acting to focus on her business Goop, stating: "I'm still going to do a little bit here and there, but [the company] really requires almost all of my time."[105]

In 2019, Paltrow reprised her role as Pepper Potts in Avengers: Endgame,[106] The film received positive reviews from film critics and grossed over $2 billion at the box office.[107][108] Paltrow announced the film would be her final major appearance as Potts, but expressed interest in returning for a cameo or a flashback in future films.[109] That same year, she appeared in the Netflix comedy-drama series The Politician, playing the mother of Ben Platt's character.[110] The series received mixed reviews from critics, with Paltrow's performance receiving praise