Teej is a generic name for a number of Hindu festivals that are celebrated by women mainly in Nepal and North India. Haryali Teej and Hartalika Teej welcome the monsoon season and are celebrated primarily by girls and women, with songs, dancing and prayer rituals.[2] The monsoon festivals of Teej are primarily dedicated to Goddess Parvati and her union with Lord Shiva
"Teej" refers to the "third" day that falls every month after the new moon (Amavasya), and the third day after the full moon night of every month.[3] The monsoon festivals of Teej include Haryali Teej, Kajari Teej and Hartalika Teej.[4]
Teej refers to the monsoon festivals, observed particularly in western and northern states of India and Nepal. The festivals celebrate the bounty of nature, arrival of clouds and rain, greenery and birds with social activity, rituals and customs.[5] The festivals for women, include dancing, singing, getting together with friends and telling stories, dressing up with henna-coloured hands and feet, wearing red, green or orange clothes, sharing festive foods,[5] and playing under trees on swings on Haryali Teej.[6]
The festivals are dedicated, in many parts of India and Nepal, to Parvati.
The types of Teej
Teej festivals are traditionally observed by women to celebrate the monsoons, on the third day of the Indian month of Shravan,[2] and on the third days of the waning and waxing moon of the Indian month of Bhadrapada. Women also pray to goddess Parvati seeking the wellness of their husband,[7][8] children and their own self.[2]
Haryali Teej
Haryali Teej is celebrated on the third day of the bright half of the North Indian Lunar month of Shraavana. As Shraavana (or Saawan) month falls during monsoon or rainy season when the surroundings become green, the Shraavana Teej is also called Hariyali Teej (Green Teej). A fast is kept and the focus is the moon.
The Hariyali Teej festival is also celebrated to remember the reunion of Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati, the day when Lord Shiva accepted Goddess Parvati as his wife. Goddess Parvati fasted and was austere for many years and was accepted by Lord Shiva as his wife in her 108 birth. Goddess Parvati is also known as Teej Mata.[9]
Sindhara Teej: On Teej festival married daughters receive the gifts by her mother such clothes, bangles, bindi, mehandi etc. "Ghewar" a special sweet is given to her on this day. These gifts are known as Sindhara[10]
Observance in India of Haryali Teej
The traditional areas of celebration are: Punjab region and Rajasthan.
The festival is celebrated in Punjab, Haryana and Chandigarh.
Chandigarh
Chandigarh administration makes special arrangements for Teej celebration in the Rock Garden in the city. School children present plays and other cultural programs on this day. The female members of the family, especially daughters, are given gifts and dresses.[12]
Haryana
Haryali Teej is one of the famous festivals of Haryana, and is celebrated as an official holiday. Many functions are organised by the Government of Haryana to celebrate this festival, which welcomes the rainy season. Boys traditionally flew kites from morning to evening, though this tradition is losing its charm in big cities due to high rise buildings and lack of terrace space.
Swings are set up in open courtyards, under trees for the season. Girls apply henna to their hands and feet and are excused from household chores on this day. On Teej, girls often receive new clothes from their parents.
On Teej, just as on Karva Chauth, the mother sends a baya or gift. The puja is performed in the morning. The baya, which consists of a variety of foodstuffs, is placed on a thaali at a place of worship where a chowk (square) has been decorated, and an idol or picture of Parvati has been installed.[13] The evenings are set aside for folk singing and dancing, including the women's prayers for their husbands' longevity and their families.
Teej is known as teeyan in Punjab and is seen as a seasonal festival which is dedicated to the onset of the monsoon.[14] The festival is celebrated by women of all faiths, and lasts from the third day of the bright half of the lunar month of Sawan as per the Punjabi calendar to the full moon of Sawan (about 13 days). Teeyan involves women getting together and performing Gidda, married women visiting their families and receiving gifts. It is also traditional for women to ride on swings.
Fairs are organised in Schools and Colleges where dance competitions are held.[15]
Rajasthan
Teej welcomes the monsoon and observed in the month of Shravan (July/August). The monsoon rains fall on the parched land and the pleasing scent of the wet soil rises into the air. Swings are hung from trees and women dressed in green clothes sing songs in celebration of the advent of the monsoon.[5]
This festival is dedicated to the Goddess Parvati, commemorating her union with Lord Shiva.[5] Goddess Parvati is worshipped by seekers of conjugal bliss and happiness. An elaborate procession is taken out in Jaipur[16] for two consecutive days on the festive occasion which is watched by people in large numbers. The Teej idol is covered with a canopy whereas the Gangaur idol is open. The traditional ghevar sweet is also associated with the festival.
During Teej, Goddess Parvati is worshipped. The day before Haryali Teej, is celebrated as Sinjara, wherein women put mehandi on their hands and eat .
Kajarai teej is celebrated in the North Indian Lunar month of Bhadrapud: the third day of the dark fortnight of Bhadrapada.[17] Kajari teej is also called boorhi teej.[18] In Rajasthan, kajarai teej is referred to badi (bigger) teej[19] which follows haryali teej, known as chhoti (smaller) teej.
Women in Uttar Pradesh pray to Lord Shiva on kajari teej.[20] It is also customary to sing folk songs known as kajris. The focus of the lyrics is usually on separation expressing the pining of a woman for her beloved in her parents' home, where she has been sent to celebrate teej,[21] or waiting in anticipation to be collected by brothers to celebrate teej.[22] The kajri is a folk song composed and sung in the regions of eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and in parts of Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan.[23]
Women who observe the kajari teej fast go without food and water.[24] kajari teej is also known as kajali teej which also involves praying to the moon. The fast is broken by eating sattu.[25] The other focus of the day is to pray to the neem tree (Azadirachta indica). A fair is held in Bundi in Rajasthan to celebrate Kajari teej
Hartalika is a combination of "harit" and "aalika" which means "abduction" and "female friend" respectively. According to the legend of Hartalika Teej, Goddess Parvati, incarnated as Goddess Shailaputri,[27][28][29] was the daughter of himalaya who promised her hand in marriage to Lord Vishnu, at the suggestion of Narada.[30] Upon hearing this, Goddess Parvati told her friend of her father's decision whereupon the friend took Goddess Parvati to the thick forest[31] so that her father would not marry her to Lord Vishnu against her wish.
On the third day of the bright half of Bhadrapud, Goddess Parvati made a Shiva lingam out of her hair and prayed. Lord Shiva was so impressed that he gave his word to marry Goddess Parvati. Eventually, Goddess Parvati was united with Lord Shiva and was married to him with her father's blessing. Since then, the day is referred to as haritalika teej as Goddess Parvati's female (aalika)friend had to abduct (harit) her in order for the Goddess to achieve her goal of marrying Lord Shiva.
Accordingly, Hartalika Teej is seen as a major festival and is celebrated on the third day of the bright half of the North Indian Lunar month of Bhadrapud. The festival women feasting during the evening of Hartalika Teej, praying to Goddess Parvati and Lord Shiva, remembering their wedding and staying up all night listening to prayers.[31] The fast (also called nishivasar nirjala vrat) commences during the evening of Hartalika Teej and is broken the next day after a full day's observance which involves women not even drinking water.[32] The focus is on praying to Goddess Parvati[33] whom Shiva desired should be worshipped under the name Hartalika.[34]
The main areas of celebration are Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bihar and Jharkhand. In Rajasthan, an idol of Goddess Parvati is taken out in procession in the streets accompanied by singing, and music. The Hartalika Teej festival has also spread to parts of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. The Hartalika Teej was last celebrated on 12 September 2018.[4]
Hartalika Teej of the north is not to be confused with Hartalika Teej of Maharashtra which is connected to the festival of Gowri Habba.
Elsewhere in India
Akha Teej in Indian subcontinent
Akha Teej (also called Akshaya Tritiya) falls on the third lunar day of the bright half of Indian month of Vaishakha .[35][36] It is an auspicious day of the birthday of Lord Parasurama who is the sixth incarnation of Lord Vishnu. On this day Veda Vyas and Lord Ganesha began to write Mahabharata. Jains celebrate this day to commemorate Tirthankara Rishabha's ending of one-year fast by consuming sugarcane juice poured into his cupped hands. Akha Teej is observed in many parts of South Asia.
Awra Teej of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh
Awra Teej is celebrated in the lunar month of Vaisakh in parts of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh: Awra Teej is not associated with the trio of the monsoon festivals of Teej as the month of Vaisakh occurs during spring.[citation needed]
Haryali teej of Gujarat
Gujaratis have adopted the festival of Haryali Teej which is celebrated in Gujarat in a like manner to Rajasthan.
"Teej" refers to the "third" day that falls every month after the new moon (Amavasya), and the third day after the full moon night of every month.[3] The monsoon festivals of Teej include Haryali Teej, Kajari Teej and Hartalika Teej.[4]
Teej refers to the monsoon festivals, observed particularly in western and northern states of India and Nepal. The festivals celebrate the bounty of nature, arrival of clouds and rain, greenery and birds with social activity, rituals and customs.[5] The festivals for women, include dancing, singing, getting together with friends and telling stories, dressing up with henna-coloured hands and feet, wearing red, green or orange clothes, sharing festive foods,[5] and playing under trees on swings on Haryali Teej.[6]
The festivals are dedicated, in many parts of India and Nepal, to Parvati.
The types of Teej
Teej festivals are traditionally observed by women to celebrate the monsoons, on the third day of the Indian month of Shravan,[2] and on the third days of the waning and waxing moon of the Indian month of Bhadrapada. Women also pray to goddess Parvati seeking the wellness of their husband,[7][8] children and their own self.[2]
Haryali Teej
Haryali Teej is celebrated on the third day of the bright half of the North Indian Lunar month of Shraavana. As Shraavana (or Saawan) month falls during monsoon or rainy season when the surroundings become green, the Shraavana Teej is also called Hariyali Teej (Green Teej). A fast is kept and the focus is the moon.
The Hariyali Teej festival is also celebrated to remember the reunion of Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati, the day when Lord Shiva accepted Goddess Parvati as his wife. Goddess Parvati fasted and was austere for many years and was accepted by Lord Shiva as his wife in her 108 birth. Goddess Parvati is also known as Teej Mata.[9]
Sindhara Teej: On Teej festival married daughters receive the gifts by her mother such clothes, bangles, bindi, mehandi etc. "Ghewar" a special sweet is given to her on this day. These gifts are known as Sindhara[10]
Observance in India of Haryali Teej
The traditional areas of celebration are: Punjab region and Rajasthan.
The festival is celebrated in Punjab, Haryana and Chandigarh.
Chandigarh
Chandigarh administration makes special arrangements for Teej celebration in the Rock Garden in the city. School children present plays and other cultural programs on this day. The female members of the family, especially daughters, are given gifts and dresses.[12]
Haryana
Haryali Teej is one of the famous festivals of Haryana, and is celebrated as an official holiday. Many functions are organised by the Government of Haryana to celebrate this festival, which welcomes the rainy season. Boys traditionally flew kites from morning to evening, though this tradition is losing its charm in big cities due to high rise buildings and lack of terrace space.
Swings are set up in open courtyards, under trees for the season. Girls apply henna to their hands and feet and are excused from household chores on this day. On Teej, girls often receive new clothes from their parents.
On Teej, just as on Karva Chauth, the mother sends a baya or gift. The puja is performed in the morning. The baya, which consists of a variety of foodstuffs, is placed on a thaali at a place of worship where a chowk (square) has been decorated, and an idol or picture of Parvati has been installed.[13] The evenings are set aside for folk singing and dancing, including the women's prayers for their husbands' longevity and their families.
Teej is known as teeyan in Punjab and is seen as a seasonal festival which is dedicated to the onset of the monsoon.[14] The festival is celebrated by women of all faiths, and lasts from the third day of the bright half of the lunar month of Sawan as per the Punjabi calendar to the full moon of Sawan (about 13 days). Teeyan involves women getting together and performing Gidda, married women visiting their families and receiving gifts. It is also traditional for women to ride on swings.
Fairs are organised in Schools and Colleges where dance competitions are held.[15]
Rajasthan
Teej welcomes the monsoon and observed in the month of Shravan (July/August). The monsoon rains fall on the parched land and the pleasing scent of the wet soil rises into the air. Swings are hung from trees and women dressed in green clothes sing songs in celebration of the advent of the monsoon.[5]
This festival is dedicated to the Goddess Parvati, commemorating her union with Lord Shiva.[5] Goddess Parvati is worshipped by seekers of conjugal bliss and happiness. An elaborate procession is taken out in Jaipur[16] for two consecutive days on the festive occasion which is watched by people in large numbers. The Teej idol is covered with a canopy whereas the Gangaur idol is open. The traditional ghevar sweet is also associated with the festival.
During Teej, Goddess Parvati is worshipped. The day before Haryali Teej, is celebrated as Sinjara, wherein women put mehandi on their hands and eat .
Kajarai teej is celebrated in the North Indian Lunar month of Bhadrapud: the third day of the dark fortnight of Bhadrapada.[17] Kajari teej is also called boorhi teej.[18] In Rajasthan, kajarai teej is referred to badi (bigger) teej[19] which follows haryali teej, known as chhoti (smaller) teej.
Women in Uttar Pradesh pray to Lord Shiva on kajari teej.[20] It is also customary to sing folk songs known as kajris. The focus of the lyrics is usually on separation expressing the pining of a woman for her beloved in her parents' home, where she has been sent to celebrate teej,[21] or waiting in anticipation to be collected by brothers to celebrate teej.[22] The kajri is a folk song composed and sung in the regions of eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and in parts of Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan.[23]
Women who observe the kajari teej fast go without food and water.[24] kajari teej is also known as kajali teej which also involves praying to the moon. The fast is broken by eating sattu.[25] The other focus of the day is to pray to the neem tree (Azadirachta indica). A fair is held in Bundi in Rajasthan to celebrate Kajari teej
Hartalika is a combination of "harit" and "aalika" which means "abduction" and "female friend" respectively. According to the legend of Hartalika Teej, Goddess Parvati, incarnated as Goddess Shailaputri,[27][28][29] was the daughter of himalaya who promised her hand in marriage to Lord Vishnu, at the suggestion of Narada.[30] Upon hearing this, Goddess Parvati told her friend of her father's decision whereupon the friend took Goddess Parvati to the thick forest[31] so that her father would not marry her to Lord Vishnu against her wish.
On the third day of the bright half of Bhadrapud, Goddess Parvati made a Shiva lingam out of her hair and prayed. Lord Shiva was so impressed that he gave his word to marry Goddess Parvati. Eventually, Goddess Parvati was united with Lord Shiva and was married to him with her father's blessing. Since then, the day is referred to as haritalika teej as Goddess Parvati's female (aalika)friend had to abduct (harit) her in order for the Goddess to achieve her goal of marrying Lord Shiva.
Accordingly, Hartalika Teej is seen as a major festival and is celebrated on the third day of the bright half of the North Indian Lunar month of Bhadrapud. The festival women feasting during the evening of Hartalika Teej, praying to Goddess Parvati and Lord Shiva, remembering their wedding and staying up all night listening to prayers.[31] The fast (also called nishivasar nirjala vrat) commences during the evening of Hartalika Teej and is broken the next day after a full day's observance which involves women not even drinking water.[32] The focus is on praying to Goddess Parvati[33] whom Shiva desired should be worshipped under the name Hartalika.[34]
The main areas of celebration are Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bihar and Jharkhand. In Rajasthan, an idol of Goddess Parvati is taken out in procession in the streets accompanied by singing, and music. The Hartalika Teej festival has also spread to parts of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. The Hartalika Teej was last celebrated on 12 September 2018.[4]
Hartalika Teej of the north is not to be confused with Hartalika Teej of Maharashtra which is connected to the festival of Gowri Habba.
Elsewhere in India
Akha Teej in Indian subcontinent
Akha Teej (also called Akshaya Tritiya) falls on the third lunar day of the bright half of Indian month of Vaishakha .[35][36] It is an auspicious day of the birthday of Lord Parasurama who is the sixth incarnation of Lord Vishnu. On this day Veda Vyas and Lord Ganesha began to write Mahabharata. Jains celebrate this day to commemorate Tirthankara Rishabha's ending of one-year fast by consuming sugarcane juice poured into his cupped hands. Akha Teej is observed in many parts of South Asia.
Awra Teej of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh
Awra Teej is celebrated in the lunar month of Vaisakh in parts of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh: Awra Teej is not associated with the trio of the monsoon festivals of Teej as the month of Vaisakh occurs during spring.[citation needed]
Haryali teej of Gujarat
Gujaratis have adopted the festival of Haryali Teej which is celebrated in Gujarat in a like manner to Rajasthan.
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