The Delhi Metro is a rapid transit system serving Delhi and its satellite cities of Ghaziabad, Faridabad, Gurgaon, Noida, Bahadurgarh and Ballabhgarh, in the National Capital Region of India.[9] It is by far the largest and busiest metro in India, and second oldest after the Kolkata Metro.[10] The network consists of Eleven colour-coded regular lines serving 285 stations with a total length of 391 kilometres (243 mi).[2][3] The system has a mix of underground, at-grade, and elevated stations using both broad-gauge and standard-gauge. Delhi Metro operates over 2,700 trips daily, starting at around 05:00 and ending at 23:30.[11]
Construction started in 1998, and the first elevated section (Shahdara to Tis Hazari) on the Red Line opened in 2002. The first underground section (Vishwa Vidyalaya - Kashmere Gate) on the Yellow Line opened in 2004.[12] The development of the network was divided into phases. Phase I with 3 lines was completed by 2006, and Phase II in 2011. As of 2019, Phase III is in the finishing stage, and scheduled to be mostly complete by the end of the year. Construction on Phase IV was formally started on 30 December 2019.[13]
Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited (DMRC), a company with equal equity participation from the Government of India and the Government of Delhi, built and operates the Delhi Metro.[14][15] DMRC was certified by the United Nations in 2011 as the first metro rail and rail-based system in the world to get carbon credits for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, reducing carbon emission levels in the city by 630,000 tonnes every year.[8]
Delhi Metro also interchanges with the Rapid Metro Gurugram (with a shared ticketing system) and Noida Metro. On 5 February 2019, the DMRC took over the operations of the financially troubled Rapid Metro Gurgaon as part of its own network
Background
The concept of a mass rapid transit for New Delhi first emerged from a traffic and travel characteristics study which was carried out in the city in 1969.[17] Over the next several years, many official committees by a variety of Government departments were commissioned to examine issues related to technology, route alignment, and Governmental jurisdiction.[18] In 1984, the Urban Arts Commission came up with a proposal for developing a multi-modal transport system, which would consist of constructing three underground mass rapid transit corridors as well augmenting the city's existing suburban railway and road transport networks.[19]
While extensive technical studies and the raising of finance for the project were in progress, the city expanded significantly resulting in a twofold rise in population and a five-fold rise in the number of vehicles between 1981 and 1998.[19] Consequently, traffic congestion and pollution soared, as an increasing number of commuters took to private vehicles with the existing bus system unable to bear the load.[17] An attempt at privatizing the bus transport system in 1992 merely compounded the problem, with inexperienced operators plying poorly maintained, noisy and polluting buses on lengthy routes, resulting in long waiting times, unreliable service, extreme overcrowding, unqualified drivers, speeding and reckless driving.[20] To rectify the situation, the Government of India and the Government of Delhi jointly set up a company called the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) on 3 May 1995, with Elattuvalapil Sreedharan as the managing director.[21] Sreedharan handed over the charge as Managing Director of DMRC to Mangu Singh on 31 December 2011.
Initial construction
Physical construction work on the Delhi Metro started on 1 October 1998.[22] After the previous problems experienced by the Kolkata Metro, which was badly delayed and 12 times over budget due to "political meddling, technical problems and bureaucratic delays", DMRC is a special-purpose organisation vested with great autonomy and powers to execute this gigantic project involving many technical complexities, under a difficult urban environment and within a very limited time frame. DMRC was given full powers to hire people, decide on tenders and control funds.[23] The DMRC then hired the Hong Kong MTRC as a technical consultant on rapid transit operation and construction techniques.[24] As a result, construction proceeded smoothly, except for one major disagreement in 2000, where the Ministry of Railways forced the system to use broad gauge despite the DMRC's preference for standard gauge.[25]
The first line of the Delhi Metro, the Red Line, was inaugurated by Atal Bihari Vajpayee, the then Prime Minister of India on 24 December 2002.[26] The Delhi Metro became the second underground rapid transit system in India, after the Kolkata Metro, when the Vishwa Vidyalaya–Kashmere Gate section of the Yellow Line opened on 20 December 2004. This underground line was inauguated by the then Prime Minister Manmohan Singh. The first phase of the project was eventually completed in 2006,[27][28] on budget and almost three years ahead of schedule, an achievement described by Business Week as "nothing short of a miracle".[29]
Phase I
Construction started in 1998, and the first elevated section (Shahdara to Tis Hazari) on the Red Line opened in 2002. The first underground section (Vishwa Vidyalaya - Kashmere Gate) on the Yellow Line opened in 2004.[12] The development of the network was divided into phases. Phase I with 3 lines was completed by 2006, and Phase II in 2011. As of 2019, Phase III is in the finishing stage, and scheduled to be mostly complete by the end of the year. Construction on Phase IV was formally started on 30 December 2019.[13]
Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited (DMRC), a company with equal equity participation from the Government of India and the Government of Delhi, built and operates the Delhi Metro.[14][15] DMRC was certified by the United Nations in 2011 as the first metro rail and rail-based system in the world to get carbon credits for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, reducing carbon emission levels in the city by 630,000 tonnes every year.[8]
Delhi Metro also interchanges with the Rapid Metro Gurugram (with a shared ticketing system) and Noida Metro. On 5 February 2019, the DMRC took over the operations of the financially troubled Rapid Metro Gurgaon as part of its own network
Background
The concept of a mass rapid transit for New Delhi first emerged from a traffic and travel characteristics study which was carried out in the city in 1969.[17] Over the next several years, many official committees by a variety of Government departments were commissioned to examine issues related to technology, route alignment, and Governmental jurisdiction.[18] In 1984, the Urban Arts Commission came up with a proposal for developing a multi-modal transport system, which would consist of constructing three underground mass rapid transit corridors as well augmenting the city's existing suburban railway and road transport networks.[19]
While extensive technical studies and the raising of finance for the project were in progress, the city expanded significantly resulting in a twofold rise in population and a five-fold rise in the number of vehicles between 1981 and 1998.[19] Consequently, traffic congestion and pollution soared, as an increasing number of commuters took to private vehicles with the existing bus system unable to bear the load.[17] An attempt at privatizing the bus transport system in 1992 merely compounded the problem, with inexperienced operators plying poorly maintained, noisy and polluting buses on lengthy routes, resulting in long waiting times, unreliable service, extreme overcrowding, unqualified drivers, speeding and reckless driving.[20] To rectify the situation, the Government of India and the Government of Delhi jointly set up a company called the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) on 3 May 1995, with Elattuvalapil Sreedharan as the managing director.[21] Sreedharan handed over the charge as Managing Director of DMRC to Mangu Singh on 31 December 2011.
Initial construction
Physical construction work on the Delhi Metro started on 1 October 1998.[22] After the previous problems experienced by the Kolkata Metro, which was badly delayed and 12 times over budget due to "political meddling, technical problems and bureaucratic delays", DMRC is a special-purpose organisation vested with great autonomy and powers to execute this gigantic project involving many technical complexities, under a difficult urban environment and within a very limited time frame. DMRC was given full powers to hire people, decide on tenders and control funds.[23] The DMRC then hired the Hong Kong MTRC as a technical consultant on rapid transit operation and construction techniques.[24] As a result, construction proceeded smoothly, except for one major disagreement in 2000, where the Ministry of Railways forced the system to use broad gauge despite the DMRC's preference for standard gauge.[25]
The first line of the Delhi Metro, the Red Line, was inaugurated by Atal Bihari Vajpayee, the then Prime Minister of India on 24 December 2002.[26] The Delhi Metro became the second underground rapid transit system in India, after the Kolkata Metro, when the Vishwa Vidyalaya–Kashmere Gate section of the Yellow Line opened on 20 December 2004. This underground line was inauguated by the then Prime Minister Manmohan Singh. The first phase of the project was eventually completed in 2006,[27][28] on budget and almost three years ahead of schedule, an achievement described by Business Week as "nothing short of a miracle".[29]
Phase I
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