Scottish Government
The Scottish Government (Scottish Gaelic: Riaghaltas na h-Alba; Scots: Scots Government) is the devolved government of Scotland.[2]
The government is led by the First Minister, who selects the cabinet secretaries, who attend cabinet, and ministers with the approval of parliament.[3][4] Government ministers all sit in parliament, and are accountable to it. The government is dependent on parliament to pass primary legislation.
The government was established in 1999 as the Scottish Executive under the Scotland Act 1998, which created a devolved administration of Scotland in line with the result of the 1997 referendum on Scottish devolution.[5] Following increasing use of the name "government" in place of "executive" during the first decade of the 21st century, its name was formally changed in law to Scottish Government by the Scotland Act 2012.
The Scottish Government has power over so-called devolved matters, which are matters not reserved to the United Kingdom Parliament by Schedule 5 to the Scotland Act 1998, as amended by subsequent revisions to the devolution settlement in the Scotland Act 2012 and Scotland Act 2016.
The original set of devolved matters under the Scotland Act 1998 included:[6]
Healthcare
Education
Justice
Most aspects of transport
Environment
Policing
Rural Affairs
Housing
Subsequently, the Scotland Acts of 2012 and 2016 transferred powers over:[7]
Some taxation powers – Full control of Income Tax on income earned through employment, Land and Buildings Transaction Tax, Landfill Tax
Drink driving limits
Scottish Parliament & local authority elections
Some social Security powers
Crown Estate of Scotland
The most prominent reserved matters that remain under the control of the United Kingdom Government and Parliament are:[8]
Immigration & Nationality
The Constitution – Acts of Union, The Crown, Devolution Settlement
Foreign Policy
National Security and Defence
Economic policy
Trade and industry
Energy
Most aspects of welfare
Quarantine
Civil Service
Consumer rights
International Development
Copyright
Telecommunications & Postal services
Broadcasting
Reserved taxes
Currency
Pensions
The members of the government have substantial influence over legislation in Scotland, putting forward the majority of bills that are successful in becoming Acts of the Scottish Parliament.
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