Cédric Patrice Thierry Villani (French: [se.dʁik pa.tʁis tjɛ.ʁi vi.la.ni]; born 5 October 1973) is a French mathematician and politician working primarily on partial differential equations, Riemannian geometry and mathematical physics. He was awarded the Fields Medal in 2010 and he was the director of Sorbonne University's Institut Henri Poincaré from 2009 to 2017.
In one of two lectures given at the Royal Institution, Villani recalls that his initial inspiration regarding the field of mathematics came from 1959 Disney cartoon Donald in Mathmagic Land. This lecture is titled Birth of a Theorem. The English translation of his book Théorème vivant (Living Theorem) has the same title. His second lecture at the Royal Institution is titled The Extraordinary Theorems of John Nash.
Villani was elected to the National Assembly, the lower house of the French Parliament, during the 2017 legislative election. A member of La République En Marche! (REM), he represents Essonne's 5th constituency.[2] He was elected Vice President of the French Parliamentary Office for the Evaluation of Scientific and Technological Choices in July 2017
Biography
After attending the Lycée Louis-le-Grand, Villani was admitted at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris and studied there from 1992 to 1996, after which he was appointed an agrégé préparateur at the same school.[3] He received his doctorate at Paris Dauphine University in 1998, under the supervision of Pierre-Louis Lions, and became professor at the École normale supérieure de Lyon in 2000. He is now professor at the University of Lyon. He has been the director of Institut Henri Poincaré in Paris since 2009.[4][5]
He has held various visiting positions at Georgia Tech (Fall 1999), the University of California, Berkeley (Spring 2004), and the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton (Spring 2009).[6]
Mathematical work
Villani has worked on the theory of partial differential equations involved in statistical mechanics, specifically the Boltzmann equation, where, with Laurent Desvillettes, he was the first to prove how quickly convergence occurs for initial values not near equilibrium.[5] He has written with Giuseppe Toscani on this subject. With Clément Mouhot, he has worked on nonlinear Landau damping.[7] He has worked on the theory of optimal transport and its applications to differential geometry, and with John Lott has defined a notion of bounded Ricci curvature for general measured length spaces.[8]
Villani received the Fields Medal for his work on Landau damping and the Boltzmann equation.[5] He described the development of his theorem in his autobiographical book Théorème vivant (2012), published in English translation as Birth of a Theorem: A Mathematical Adventure (2015). He gave a TED talk at the 2016 conference in Vancouver.[9]
Political career
In 2017, it was announced that Villani had been selected as a candidate for En Marche! (LREM) in the 2017 French legislative election, for Essonne's 5th constituency.[10][11] In the first round of voting, Villani obtained 47% of the vote and was thus strongly placed for the second round[12] which he won with 69.36% of the vote.[13]
In 2019, Villani applied to be selected to lead the LREM candidate slate for the 2020 Paris election. By July 2019, he was one of three LREM candidates, all deputies in the National Assembly, still seeking the position; the other two were Benjamin Griveaux (who had been the government spokesperson) and Hugues Renson (who had been the vice-president of the National Assembly). On 10 July, the nomination committee picked Griveaux.[14]
Awards and honours
Diplomas, titles and awards
1998: PhD Thesis (advisor P.-L. Lions)
2000: Habilitation dissertation
2001: Louis Armand Prize of the Academy of Sciences
2003: Peccot-Vimont Prize and Cours Peccot of the Collège de France
2003: Plenary lecturer at the International Congress of Mathematical Physics (Lisbonne)
2004: Harold Grad lecturer
2004: Visiting Miller Professor, University of California Berkeley.
2006: Institut Universitaire de France
2006: Invited lecturer at the International Congress of Mathematicians (Madrid)
2007: Grand Prix Jacques Herbrand [fr] (French Academy of Sciences)
2008: Prize of the European Mathematical Society
2009: Henri Poincaré Prize
2009: Fermat Prize
2010: Fields Medal
2013: Gibbs lecturer: On Disorder, Mixing and Equilibration[15]
2014: Joseph L. Doob Prize by the American Mathematical Society for his book Optimal Transport: Old and New (Springer Verlag 2009)[16]
Extra-academic distinctions
2009: Knight of the National Order of Merit (France)
2011: Knight of the Legion of Honor
2013: Member of the French Academy of Sciences[17]
2016: Ordinary member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences
Selected writings
Limites hydrodynamiques de l'équation de Boltzmann, Séminaire Bourbaki, June 2001; Astérisque vol. 282, 2002.
A Review of Mathematical Topics in Collisional Kinetic Theory, in Handbook of Mathematical Fluid Dynamics, edited by S. Friedlander and D. Serre, vol. 1, Elsevier, 2002, ISBN 978-0-444-50330-5. doi:10.1016/S1874-5792(02)80004-0.
Topics in Optimal Transportation, volume 58 of Graduate Studies in Mathematics, American Mathematical Society, 2003, ISBN 978-0-8218-3312-4.
Optimal transportation, dissipative PDE's and functional inequalities, pp. 53–89 in Optimal Transportation and Applications, edited by L. A. Caffarelli and S. Salsa, volume 1813 of Lecture Notes in Mathematics, Springer, 2003, ISBN 978-3-540-40192-6.
Cercignani's conjecture is sometimes true and always almost true, Communications in Mathematical Physics, vol. 234, No. 3 (March 2003), pp. 455–490, doi:10.1007/s00220-002-0777-1.
On the trend to global equilibrium for spatially inhomogeneous kinetic systems: the Boltzmann equation (with Laurent Desvillettes), Inventiones Mathematicae, vol. 159, #2 (2005), pp. 245–316, doi:10.1007/s00222-004-0389-9.
Mathematics of Granular Materials, Journal of Statistical Physics, vol. 124, #2–4 (July/August 2006), pp. 781–822, doi:10.1007/s10955-006-9038-6.
Optimal transport, old and new, volume 338 of Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften, Springer, 2009, ISBN 978-3-540-71049-3.
Ricci curvature for metric-measure spaces via optimal transport (with John Lott), Annals of Mathematics vol. 169, No. 3 (2009), pp. 903–991.
Hypocoercivity, volume 202, No. 950 of Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society, 2009, ISBN 978-0-8218-4498-4.
Clément Mouhot; Cédric Villani (2009). "On Landau damping". arXiv:0904.2760 [math.AP].
Théorème vivant, Bernard Grasset, Paris 2012
Les Coulisses de la création, Flammarion, Paris 2015 (with composer and pianist Karol Beffa)
Freedom in Mathematics, Springer India, 2016 (with Pierre Cartier, Jean Dhombres, Gerhard Heinzmann), ISBN 978-81-322-2786-1. Translation from the French language edition: Mathématiques en liberté, La Ville Brûle, Montreuil 2012, ISBN 978-23-601-2026-0.
In one of two lectures given at the Royal Institution, Villani recalls that his initial inspiration regarding the field of mathematics came from 1959 Disney cartoon Donald in Mathmagic Land. This lecture is titled Birth of a Theorem. The English translation of his book Théorème vivant (Living Theorem) has the same title. His second lecture at the Royal Institution is titled The Extraordinary Theorems of John Nash.
Villani was elected to the National Assembly, the lower house of the French Parliament, during the 2017 legislative election. A member of La République En Marche! (REM), he represents Essonne's 5th constituency.[2] He was elected Vice President of the French Parliamentary Office for the Evaluation of Scientific and Technological Choices in July 2017
Biography
After attending the Lycée Louis-le-Grand, Villani was admitted at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris and studied there from 1992 to 1996, after which he was appointed an agrégé préparateur at the same school.[3] He received his doctorate at Paris Dauphine University in 1998, under the supervision of Pierre-Louis Lions, and became professor at the École normale supérieure de Lyon in 2000. He is now professor at the University of Lyon. He has been the director of Institut Henri Poincaré in Paris since 2009.[4][5]
He has held various visiting positions at Georgia Tech (Fall 1999), the University of California, Berkeley (Spring 2004), and the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton (Spring 2009).[6]
Mathematical work
Villani has worked on the theory of partial differential equations involved in statistical mechanics, specifically the Boltzmann equation, where, with Laurent Desvillettes, he was the first to prove how quickly convergence occurs for initial values not near equilibrium.[5] He has written with Giuseppe Toscani on this subject. With Clément Mouhot, he has worked on nonlinear Landau damping.[7] He has worked on the theory of optimal transport and its applications to differential geometry, and with John Lott has defined a notion of bounded Ricci curvature for general measured length spaces.[8]
Villani received the Fields Medal for his work on Landau damping and the Boltzmann equation.[5] He described the development of his theorem in his autobiographical book Théorème vivant (2012), published in English translation as Birth of a Theorem: A Mathematical Adventure (2015). He gave a TED talk at the 2016 conference in Vancouver.[9]
Political career
In 2017, it was announced that Villani had been selected as a candidate for En Marche! (LREM) in the 2017 French legislative election, for Essonne's 5th constituency.[10][11] In the first round of voting, Villani obtained 47% of the vote and was thus strongly placed for the second round[12] which he won with 69.36% of the vote.[13]
In 2019, Villani applied to be selected to lead the LREM candidate slate for the 2020 Paris election. By July 2019, he was one of three LREM candidates, all deputies in the National Assembly, still seeking the position; the other two were Benjamin Griveaux (who had been the government spokesperson) and Hugues Renson (who had been the vice-president of the National Assembly). On 10 July, the nomination committee picked Griveaux.[14]
Awards and honours
Diplomas, titles and awards
1998: PhD Thesis (advisor P.-L. Lions)
2000: Habilitation dissertation
2001: Louis Armand Prize of the Academy of Sciences
2003: Peccot-Vimont Prize and Cours Peccot of the Collège de France
2003: Plenary lecturer at the International Congress of Mathematical Physics (Lisbonne)
2004: Harold Grad lecturer
2004: Visiting Miller Professor, University of California Berkeley.
2006: Institut Universitaire de France
2006: Invited lecturer at the International Congress of Mathematicians (Madrid)
2007: Grand Prix Jacques Herbrand [fr] (French Academy of Sciences)
2008: Prize of the European Mathematical Society
2009: Henri Poincaré Prize
2009: Fermat Prize
2010: Fields Medal
2013: Gibbs lecturer: On Disorder, Mixing and Equilibration[15]
2014: Joseph L. Doob Prize by the American Mathematical Society for his book Optimal Transport: Old and New (Springer Verlag 2009)[16]
Extra-academic distinctions
2009: Knight of the National Order of Merit (France)
2011: Knight of the Legion of Honor
2013: Member of the French Academy of Sciences[17]
2016: Ordinary member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences
Selected writings
Limites hydrodynamiques de l'équation de Boltzmann, Séminaire Bourbaki, June 2001; Astérisque vol. 282, 2002.
A Review of Mathematical Topics in Collisional Kinetic Theory, in Handbook of Mathematical Fluid Dynamics, edited by S. Friedlander and D. Serre, vol. 1, Elsevier, 2002, ISBN 978-0-444-50330-5. doi:10.1016/S1874-5792(02)80004-0.
Topics in Optimal Transportation, volume 58 of Graduate Studies in Mathematics, American Mathematical Society, 2003, ISBN 978-0-8218-3312-4.
Optimal transportation, dissipative PDE's and functional inequalities, pp. 53–89 in Optimal Transportation and Applications, edited by L. A. Caffarelli and S. Salsa, volume 1813 of Lecture Notes in Mathematics, Springer, 2003, ISBN 978-3-540-40192-6.
Cercignani's conjecture is sometimes true and always almost true, Communications in Mathematical Physics, vol. 234, No. 3 (March 2003), pp. 455–490, doi:10.1007/s00220-002-0777-1.
On the trend to global equilibrium for spatially inhomogeneous kinetic systems: the Boltzmann equation (with Laurent Desvillettes), Inventiones Mathematicae, vol. 159, #2 (2005), pp. 245–316, doi:10.1007/s00222-004-0389-9.
Mathematics of Granular Materials, Journal of Statistical Physics, vol. 124, #2–4 (July/August 2006), pp. 781–822, doi:10.1007/s10955-006-9038-6.
Optimal transport, old and new, volume 338 of Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften, Springer, 2009, ISBN 978-3-540-71049-3.
Ricci curvature for metric-measure spaces via optimal transport (with John Lott), Annals of Mathematics vol. 169, No. 3 (2009), pp. 903–991.
Hypocoercivity, volume 202, No. 950 of Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society, 2009, ISBN 978-0-8218-4498-4.
Clément Mouhot; Cédric Villani (2009). "On Landau damping". arXiv:0904.2760 [math.AP].
Théorème vivant, Bernard Grasset, Paris 2012
Les Coulisses de la création, Flammarion, Paris 2015 (with composer and pianist Karol Beffa)
Freedom in Mathematics, Springer India, 2016 (with Pierre Cartier, Jean Dhombres, Gerhard Heinzmann), ISBN 978-81-322-2786-1. Translation from the French language edition: Mathématiques en liberté, La Ville Brûle, Montreuil 2012, ISBN 978-23-601-2026-0.
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